384 lines
56 KiB
XML
384 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="3AF53399361929CB491B97C927818962" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.212555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9e2205a-41c0-4518-b974-8fde15d97c38" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="212555" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460559460381" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kito, Kenji & Chatterjee, Tapas" docDate="2012" docId="3B1587B4FFDDC55534E60D812876FB07" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03575p088.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3575" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Paradraconema pachylumbus Kito & Chatterjee, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="C72CFFCCFFDBC55C34710D162945FFE0" masterDocTitle="New species of the genera Draconema Cobb, 1913 and Paradraconema Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, with keys to the species" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="78" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1698320011650" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1124EEC0D9D5073DB4B49D6CD5A22DEB">
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<mods:title id="68F8FB1F49772C8900CE1AC06FD6F070">New species of the genera Draconema Cobb, 1913 and Paradraconema Allen & Noffsinger, 1978 (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean, with keys to the species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CDD4C58AF52592F67D3D1BD51595BB48" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="43C298F50B23F78D2CEACD942D2B2D2F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3ED85B4725E925B0F47D19D1A2DCD1A1">Kito, Kenji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="F602C1F2CD0D42F603831016722A4088" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8BFC56EF8D1D177C3B5772D556E09B4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="62333FCD7163C5EAF27D13A49CF38E58">Chatterjee, Tapas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7E3C1B9B484ADAABC04ED12508F0EC98">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="74C920028FBD6B0558DF664EA71B95D8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3226F399BCE165E2EA165514D474AD83">
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<mods:date id="CFC2BB4AA59E65B70BBA6847E57436A1">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2D8C625C033A25A1CF401B8A69C76EDC" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C0AA7F458E718AC1DA710DFBB1427D8D">3575</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C52B7AF3E43F91F172A797221C7B2676">78</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="25CE739A9CC398AB6BF9C29BE3112315">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="30241E4BE74E80723EDFE3D41D8F7F7D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.212555</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="756CA70C2E1A38E8684619314A382050" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DCB2DD39E0E98504566FD69959B4F73A" type="Zenodo-Dep">212555</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3B1587B4FFDDC55534E60D812876FB07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5672069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119556519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5672069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3B1587B4FFDDC55534E60D812876FB07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B1587B4FFDDC55534E60D812876FB07" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDDC55A34E60D8129A6FF32" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60D812B23FF51" blockId="6.[151,614,151,210]" box="[151,614,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<heading id="E84B81CEFFDDC55A34E60D812B23FF51" bold="true" box="[151,614,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60D812B23FF51" bold="true" box="[151,614,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDDC55A34E60D812B44FF51" box="[151,513,151,177]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60D812B44FF51" bold="true" box="[151,513,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDDC55A36790D812B23FF51" box="[520,614,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60DAC29A6FF32" blockId="6.[151,614,151,210]" box="[151,227,186,210]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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(
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<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A34EE0DAC2999FF32" box="[159,220,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig.2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDDC55A34E60C152BE6FE66" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60C152814FEDE" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60C15281FFEFB" bold="true" box="[151,346,258,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A34E60C152997FEFB" box="[151,210,259,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A35130C14288AFEFA" box="[354,463,258,282]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: male (
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<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDDC55A36510C142B20FEFA" box="[544,613,258,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</collectionCode>
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4266).
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<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A36CC0C152A6BFEFB" box="[701,814,259,283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: three females (
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<collectionCode id="D5ADAE67FFDDC55A37900C142D63FEFA" box="[993,1062,258,282]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mc14-1jj5" name="Zoological Institute, Hokkaido University" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</collectionCode>
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4267–4269). Coll. T. Chatterjee,
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<date id="C7021062FFDDC55A34E60C302809FEDE" box="[151,332,294,318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" value="2005-12">December 2005</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34B60C5D2BE6FE66" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34B60C5D2B55FE83" bold="true" box="[199,528,330,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A34B60C5D2847FE83" box="[199,258,331,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
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locality and habitat.
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</emphasis>
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Burmanalla (
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<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDDC55A36CB0C5C2A05FE82" box="[698,832,330,354]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" precision="9" value="11.5575">11°33.45’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D6885065FFDDC55A37250C5C2A9CFE82" box="[852,985,330,354]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" precision="9" value="92.72967">92°43.78’E</geoCoordinate>
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), South Andaman, Andaman Islands; intertidal sediments among mixed macroalgae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFDDC55B34B60C8528DCF874" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34B60C852899FE4A" blockId="6.[151,1436,258,427]" box="[199,476,402,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34B60C852838FE4B" bold="true" box="[199,381,403,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Measurements.</emphasis>
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<tableCitation id="FE3E0319FFDDC55A35F50C842890FE4A" box="[388,469,402,426]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,235,481,502]" captionTargetBox="[151,1302,569,1086]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometrics of Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" tableUuid="E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16">Table 2</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" ID-Table-UUID="E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" box="[151,847,480,502]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E7C3662AFFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" targetBox="[151,1302,569,1086]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60CF72A0AFE16" blockId="6.[151,847,480,549]" box="[151,847,480,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34E60CF72841FE16" bold="true" box="[151,260,481,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
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Morphometrics of
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<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFDDC55A35B90CF62BBCFE16" box="[456,761,480,502]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A35B90CF62BBCFE16" box="[456,761,480,502]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFDDC55A368E0CF72A0AFE16" box="[767,847,481,502]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A35D10F192BB3FDC5" blockId="6.[151,847,480,549]" box="[416,758,527,549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Males Females</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A35D10F2F2D8EFBDE" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<table id="C1BCC402FFDD3AA334E60F2F2C53FBDE" box="[151,1302,569,1086]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60F2F2C53FDAE" box="[151,1302,569,590]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" rowspan-0="1">
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<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10F2F28A5FDAE" box="[416,480,569,590]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
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<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30F2F2B9BFDAE" box="[674,734,569,590]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
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<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20F2F2A9AFDAE" box="[931,991,569,590]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
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<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40F2F2C53FDAE" box="[1189,1302,569,590]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">ZIHU</th>
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||
</tr>
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<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60F742C53FD13" box="[151,1302,610,755]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60F742849FD13" box="[151,268,610,755]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Characters L a b</th>
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<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10F7428A5FD13" box="[416,480,610,755]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4266* 914 16.9 8.9</td>
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<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30F742B9BFD13" box="[674,734,610,755]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4267 895 14.0 8.4</td>
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<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20F742A9AFD13" box="[931,991,610,755]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4268 907 12.4 8.2</td>
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<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40F742C53FD13" box="[1189,1302,610,755]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">4269 968 12.3 8.3</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60E112C53FC0B" box="[151,1302,775,1003]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60E112849FC0B" box="[151,268,775,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">c V(%) hcbd ph SER SER mbd</th>
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<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10E1128A5FC0B" box="[416,480,775,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">8.1 - 35 103 141 44</td>
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<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30E112B9BFC0B" box="[674,734,775,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">7.2 51.3 40 106 138 56</td>
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||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20E112A9AFC0B" box="[931,991,775,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">7.7 50.4 40 111 149 61</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40E112C53FC0B" box="[1189,1302,775,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">8.0 50.0 38 117 157 58</td>
|
||
</tr>
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||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60EE92C53FBDE" box="[151,1302,1023,1086]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
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||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60EE92849FBDE" box="[151,268,1023,1086]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">SERbd v</th>
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||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10EE928A5FBDE" box="[416,480,1023,1086]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">17 -</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30EE92B9BFBDE" box="[674,734,1023,1086]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">- 459</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20EE92A9AFBDE" box="[931,991,1023,1086]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">20 457</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40EE92C53FBDE" box="[1189,1302,1023,1086]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">20 484</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34EE09442DFBF9CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<table id="C1BCC402FFDD3AA334E609442C53F9CE" box="[151,1302,1106,1582]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E609442C53FAD6" box="[151,1302,1106,1334]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E609442877FAD6" box="[151,306,1106,1334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">mbd (=vbd) S1ATn (r/1)** aS1AT (r/1) pS1AT (r/1) SvATn (r/1)** aSvAT</th>
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D1094428B1FAD6" box="[416,500,1106,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">54 10/9+1 644/640 768/761 14/14 629</th>
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D309442A57FAD6" box="[674,786,1106,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">64 10+3/7+6 611/610 744/742 17+1/14+3 601</th>
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D209442D57FAD6" box="[931,1042,1106,1334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">73 12+1/11+2 620/620 759/761 18/17 610</th>
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D409442C53FAD6" box="[1189,1302,1106,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">79 10+3/6+7 662/663 815/815 15+2/15+1 660</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E6085C2C53FA3B" box="[151,1302,1354,1499]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E6085C2877FA3B" box="[151,306,1354,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">pSvAT spic (r/1) gub (r/1) t</th>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D1085C28B1FA3B" box="[416,500,1354,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">781 50/51 27/25 113</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D3085C2A57FA3B" box="[674,786,1354,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">754 - - 124</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D2085C2D57FA3B" box="[931,1042,1354,1499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">770 - - 118</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D4085C2C53FA3B" box="[1189,1302,1354,1499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">827 - - 121</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E608F92C53F9E5" box="[151,1302,1519,1541]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E608F92877F9E5" box="[151,306,1519,1541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">abd</th>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D108F928B1F9E5" box="[416,500,1519,1541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">33</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D308F92A57F9E5" box="[674,786,1519,1541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">18</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D208F92D57F9E5" box="[931,1042,1519,1541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">19</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D408F92C53F9E5" box="[1189,1302,1519,1541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0D8C34E0FFDD3AA334E60B0F2C53F9CE" box="[151,1302,1561,1582]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<th id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA334E60B0F2877F9CE" box="[151,306,1561,1582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">tmr</th>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA335D10B0F28B1F9CE" box="[416,500,1561,1582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">38</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA336D30B0F2A57F9CE" box="[674,786,1561,1582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">43</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA337D20B0F2D57F9CE" box="[931,1042,1561,1582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">40</td>
|
||
<td id="4E5D5D9CFFDD3AA330D40B0F2C53F9CE" box="[1189,1302,1561,1582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">43</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55A34E60B592B44F964" blockId="6.[151,1436,1615,1668]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
*
|
||
<typeStatus id="6C078800FFDDC55A34D00B592840F985" box="[161,261,1615,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; **“number of tubes” or “number of tubes + number of insertion of tubes taken off”; Measurements in µm, except for de Man’s ratios (a–c) and V(%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDDC55B34B60BA6299FFEFC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1712,2024]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFDDC55A34B60BA6281CF929" bold="true" box="[199,345,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
MALE. Body characteristic for the genus in general (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A37AD0BA62D61F928" box="[988,1060,1712,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A), except for peculiar shape of cloacal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A353B0BC228D4F90C" box="[330,401,1748,1772]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Swollen pharyngeal region 15.4% of body length; rest of trunk almost cylindrical but cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side; tail conico-cylindrical, abruptly narrowing after enlarged cloacal region. Greatest body diameter at enlarged cloacal region. Cuticle annulated except for head capsule and tail end; annules longitudinally aerolated in anterior one-third of body; anteriormost four annules of swollen pharyngeal region somewhat differentiated, ornamented with subcuticular markings and vacuoles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDDC55A317F0A722C10F89C" box="[1294,1365,1892,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, C). Annules of swollen pharyngeal region coarse, 2.6 μm wide; subsequent annules 1.8, 1.6, 1.3 μm wide at midbody, cloacal region and near tail end, respectively; annules S-shaped laterally at midbody. Somatic setae arranged in ten longitudinal rows on non-swollen body (four sublateral, two subventral, two subdorsal, one ventral, and one dorsal), densely and irregularly distributed in swollen pharyngeal region. Most somatic setae hair-like with broadened base, sublateral rows of setae rather longer, maximum 54 μm long near midbody; ventral and dorsal setae short, sparse; short truncate setae (3–5 μm long) intermingled with hair-like setae and posterior adhesion tubes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60C3129A0FC9F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Head capsule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B35010C3128F6FEDF" box="[368,435,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C) ornamented with faint subcuticular markings posteriorly, about length 0.2 of swollen pharyngeal region. Labial region retracted, about 12 μm diameter, with six short labial setae (3–4 μm long). Outer circle of labial setae and cephalic setae not distinguishable from subcephalic or cervical setae densely located at anterior head capsule. Amphids elongate loop-shaped, ventral arm longer, extending to near first annule, 15/14 μm long and 9/8 μm wide. CAT with enlarged base, arranged in two transverse rows of six each on dorsal side between amphids, longest tube 27 μm long. A pair of small subventral thorns (Ceph Acan-set) at posterior third of head capsule, 3–4 μm long and 2–3 μm wide. Oval-shaped eyespots prominent, 7–9 μm long and 5–6 μm wide. Stoma narrow, unarmed; yellow-brownish coarse granules gathered near labial region. Pharynx dumbbell-shaped, with enlarged corpus and well-developed posterior bulb, separated by isthmus, 23 μm wide at middle of posterior bulb. Cardia short, about 5 μm long. Nerve ring surrounding isthmus of pharynx, about 0.5 pharyngeal length from anterior body end. Anterior portion of intestine very narrow, gradually expanding posteriorly. PAT with broadened bases and bell-shaped distal ends, arranged in four longitudinal rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B37CB0FA22ABAFD2C" box="[954,1023,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D), two sublateral rows (SlAT) each consisting of ten adhesion tubes (A) and two intermingled long setae (S), in order of A–S–A–A–A–A–A–A–A–S–A–A from anterior; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 42/40 μm and 30/30 μm long, respectively. Two subventral rows of 14 adhesion tubes each; anteriormost and posteriormost tubes 36 μm and 20 μm long, respectively. Region with PAT (between anteriormost and postreriormost SvAT) 16.6% of body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60E9A2A4CFB9C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Reproductive system with single outstretched testis; anterior end located at about 29% of body length from anterior body end. Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B35950EB92B6CFC27" box="[484,553,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
E) arcuate, with knob-like cephalation proximally, about 1.5 abd long, 6 μm wide at middle. Gubernaculum nearly half (54/49%) spicule length, lateral dilation weakly cuticularized and thin; proximal end slightly curved anteriorly. Three short uniformly tapered cloacal setae with well-cuticularized, enlarged base located a short distance lateral to the cloaca on each side, about 5–7 μm long; two subventral setae anterior and posterior to cloaca. A pair of small precloacal Acan-set between anterior subventral cloacal setae, about 3 μm long and 2 μm wide. Cloacal flap indistinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B609912824FA97" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Tail conico-cylindrical, abruptly narrowing after enlarged cloacal region, then gradually tapering to tip end, 3.4 abd long. Eight caudal setae (or insertions) on each side of annulated tail region, two subventral and six subdorsal; third and fourth subdorsal setae longer, fourth seta longest, 41/44 μm long; two short subdorsal setae (or insertions) close to longest seta. Non-annulated tail end 34% of tail length, vacuolated dorsally, with three short setae on both sides; sublateral seta close to last complete annule, subventral seta located 20/14%, subdorsal seta 49/45% of nonannulated end from last complete anuule. Caudal glands extending to middle of enlarged cloacal region, 1.6 abd anterior to cloaca.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B6089229A0F9AF" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
|
||
FEMALE. Body similar to male in most respects except for cylindrical anal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B30E108922D93FA7C" box="[1168,1238,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Greatest body diameter at vulva. Swollen pharyngeal region 16.4 (15.4–16.2)% of body length. Amphids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B30DB08B12DA8FA5F" box="[1194,1261,1447,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G) loop-shaped or elongated uni-spiral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B35D208DA28A2FA04" box="[419,487,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
H), 13/13 (13–14) μm long and 11/10 (10–11) μm wide. Ceph Acan-set 3–6 μm long and 2–4 μm wide. PAT in four longitudinal rows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B872A27FFDCC55B36B608F92A49F9E7" box="[711,780,1519,1543]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1911,1934]" captionTargetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[202,1368,193,1890]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paradraconema pachylumbus sp. nov. Male (A – E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="C7021062FFDCC55B368D08F92A49F9E7" box="[764,780,1519,1543]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">2</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I); two sublateral rows each of 13 tubes with no long setae intermingled; two subventral rows of 18/17 (16–18) tubes. Region with PAT 17.6 (17.1–17.6)% of total body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60B4A2C20F95C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Reproductive system amphidelphic. Anterior ovary reflexed at about 9 (9–10)% of body length, distal end to right of uterus; posterior ovary reflexed at 12 (10–14)% of body length, distal end to left of uterus. Vulva protruded, located near midbody, with two short paravulval setae on each side (about 4 μm long in allotype ZIHU 4267).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFDCC55B34B60BD128DCF874" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Tail cylindro-conoid, gradually tapering to tail end, 6.2 (6.2–6.9) abd long. Eight pairs of caudal setae on annulated tail region as in male; longest subdorsal seta 44 (38–53) μm long, with two short setae nearby. Nonannulated tail end 34 (34–39)% of tail length, with two short setae (or insertions) on each side, a subventral seta located 3/8 (3–10)% of length of non-annulated end from last complete annule, and a subdorsal seta 49/46 (46–54)% of length of non-annulated end from last complete annule. Caudal glands extending to level of 3.2 abd length anterior to anus.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="E7C3662AFFD3C55434E60A6128E1F80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/212557/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="86" targetBox="[212,1361,201,1879]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD3C55434E60A6128E1F80A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1911,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD3C55434E60A612849F86D" bold="true" box="[151,268,1911,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD3C55435680A6E2B0FF86E" box="[281,586,1912,1934]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="86" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD3C55435680A6E2B0FF86E" box="[281,586,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD3C55436210A6E2BE5F86D" bold="true" box="[592,672,1912,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD3C55436210A6E2BE5F86D" box="[592,672,1912,1933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male (A–E, holotype ZIHU 4266): A) Entire body. B) Swollen pharyngeal region. C) Head. D) Posterior region. E) Spicule and Gubernaculum. Female (F, G, I, ZIHU 4268; H, ZIHU 4269): F) Entire body. G, H) Amphid. I) Posterior region. Left side view. Correct number of SvAT not illustrated. Scales: A, F, 50 µm; B, D, I, 20 µm; C, E, G, H, 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFD2C55534B60D8E2AAAFE2F" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60D8E2898FF34" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60D8E280BFF50" bold="true" box="[199,334,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536420D8E2B82FF50" box="[563,711,152,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536420D8E2B82FF50" box="[563,711,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the peculiar shape of male cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60DC92AAAFE2F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60DC92897FF18" bold="true" box="[199,466,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55535AF0DF62A70FF18" box="[478,821,224,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535AF0DF62A70FF18" box="[478,821,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55537300DF62ADAFF18" bold="true" box="[833,927,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C55537300DF62ADAFF18" box="[833,927,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is characterized by the following features: peculiar body shape of male (cloacal region remarkably enlarged towards dorsal side); annules longitudinally aerolated in anterior one-third of body; elongate loop-shaped or uni-spiral amphids; prominent eyespots; spicules with proximal knob-like cephalation; gubernaculum with weak lateral dilation 25–27 μm long; a subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set; 10 SlAT and 14 SvAT in male; 13 SlAT and 16–18 SvAT in female; male tail abruptly narrowing and 3.4 abd long; long crenate anal flap in female; eight setae on annulated region of tail; and three and two setae on the non-annulated tail end in the male and female, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FBA66529FFD2C55534B60CCA2876FB07" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60CCA2A8FFD0F" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55534B60CCA2838FE14" box="[199,381,476,500]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60CCA2838FE14" box="[199,381,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has so far consisted of ten known species which can be divided into the following two groups on the basis of the shape of the amphids in males, according to the key to species of the genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555314D0CE92820FDDC" author="Allen" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the taxonomic discussion by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536890F322A98FDDC" author="Rho" box="[760,989,548,572]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Rho, H. S. & Kim, W. (2005) Paradraconema jejuense, a new species of Genus Paradraconema (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 21, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="2005">Rho & Kim (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The first group includes species with elongate loop-shaped or elongate uni-spiral amphids in males —
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55537E30F5F2C3CFDBF" authority="Allen & Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen & Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[914,1401,583,608]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="californicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55537E30F5F2D05FD80" box="[914,1088,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. californicum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555303A0F512C3CFDBF" author="Allen" box="[1099,1401,583,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60F5F2B01FD64" authority="Allen & Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen & Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60F5F2842FD64" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55535620F7A2B01FD64" author="Allen" box="[275,580,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536240F7B2D4EFD64" authority="Allen & Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen & Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[597,1035,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536240F7B2B89FD64" box="[597,716,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. hopperi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536A80F7A2D4EFD64" author="Allen" box="[729,1035,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555306A0F7B2C32FD64" authority="Decraemer, 1989" authorityName="Decraemer" authorityYear="1989" box="[1051,1399,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="maggenti">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555306A0F7B2DE6FD64" box="[1051,1187,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. maggenti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55530DE0F7B2C32FD64" author="Decraemer" box="[1199,1399,620,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Decraemer, W. (1989) Three new draconematid species from Papua New Guinea. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 59, 5 - 24." type="journal article" year="1989">Decraemer, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60F7B28FBFD47" authority="Kreis, 1937" authorityName="Kreis" authorityYear="1937" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="meridionale">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60F7B285BFD48" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. meridionale</emphasis>
|
||
(Kreis, 1937)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55535BB0F872A26FD47" authority="Allen & Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen & Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[458,867,655,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="newelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535BB0F872B72FD48" box="[458,567,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. newelli</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C555364E0F992A26FD47" author="Allen" box="[575,867,655,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555371E0F872C09FD47" authority="Allen & Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen & Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" box="[879,1356,655,680]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555371E0F872D5AFD48" box="[879,1055,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. singaporense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55530560F992C09FD47" author="Allen" box="[1063,1356,655,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60F872889FD2C" authority="(Southern, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Southern" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60F872844FD2C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. spinosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Southern, 1914)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A second group includes species with doubled elongate spiral amphids in males -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60FA32B01FD0F" authority="Allen & Noffsinger, 1978" authorityName="Allen & Noffsinger" authorityYear="1978" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Draconema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60FA32858FD10" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55535550FC12B01FD0F" author="Allen" box="[292,580,727,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Allen, M. C. & Noffsinger, E. M. (1978) A revision of the marine nematodes of the superfamily Draconematoidea Filipjev, 1918 (Nematoda: Draconematina). University of California Publication in Zoology, 109, 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1978">Allen & Noffsinger, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555360B0FCF2A83FD0F" authority="Rho & Kim, 2005" authorityName="Rho & Kim" authorityYear="2005" box="[634,966,727,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="jejuense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555360B0FCF2BB5FD10" box="[634,752,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. jejuense</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55536890FC12A83FD0F" author="Rho" box="[760,966,727,751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Rho, H. S. & Kim, W. (2005) Paradraconema jejuense, a new species of Genus Paradraconema (Nematoda: Draconematidae) from Korea. The Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 21, 81 - 91." type="journal article" year="2005">Rho & Kim, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B30336A2FFD2C55534B60FEA2876FB07" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55534B60FEA2B5FFCF4" box="[199,538,764,788]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534B60FEA2B5FFCF4" box="[199,538,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">Paradraconema pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536520FEA2B3BFCF4" bold="true" box="[547,638,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C55536520FEA2B3BFCF4" box="[547,638,764,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
belongs in the first group but clearly differs from all other species in posterior body shape in males: the cloacal region is remarkably enlarged towards the dorsal side. The conicocylindrical tail abruptly narrows due to the enlargement of cloacal region. The cloacal region of other species is cylindrical or somewhat swollen but not so peculiarly enlarged as in
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55537D80E7F2D24FC60" box="[937,1121,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55537D80E7F2D18FC60" box="[937,1117,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus">P. pachylumbus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Otherwise,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555309A0E7F2CD9FC60" box="[1259,1436,872,896]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555309A0E7F2CD9FC60" box="[1259,1436,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534E60E9A29B5FC44" bold="true" box="[151,240,908,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C55534E60E9A29B5FC44" box="[151,240,908,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535F00E9B2B4DFC44" box="[385,520,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. f l o r i d e n s e</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555366B0E9B2BC9FC44" box="[538,652,908,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hopperi">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555366B0E9B2BC9FC44" box="[538,652,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. hopperi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536EB0E9B2A0CFC44" box="[666,841,909,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536EB0E9B2A0CFC44" box="[666,841,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. singaporense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555370E0E9B2D41FC44" box="[895,1028,909,932]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555370E0E9B2D41FC44" box="[895,1028,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. spinosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the annules longitudinally areolated on the swollen pharyngeal region (annules not longitudinally areolated in the other species).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F60EA7286EFC0C" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F60EA7286EFC0C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555354A0EC228D8FC0C" bold="true" box="[315,413,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C555354A0EC228D8FC0C" box="[315,413,980,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555365F0EC32B86FC0C" box="[558,707,980,1004]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555365F0EC32B86FC0C" box="[558,707,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having prominent eyespots (vs. obscure eyespots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55531F00EC3286EFBF0" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="singaporense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55531F00EC3286EFBF0" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">D. singaporense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), a subventral pair of precloacal Acan-set (vs. single ventral Corn-set in
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555300D0EEF2DABFBF0" box="[1148,1262,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. h o p p e r i</emphasis>
|
||
, no precloacal Acan-set nor Corn-set in
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55535C7090B2B7CFBD4" box="[438,569,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. s p i n o s u m</emphasis>
|
||
) and the gubernaculum with thin lateral dilation (vs. without lateral dilation in the other species cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72D4B53FFD2C55535EE09572B1BFBB8" author="Decraemer" box="[415,606,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" refString="Decraemer, W. (1982) Draconematidae and Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from Laing Island Papua New Guinea, with one new genus and three new species. Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique: Biologie, 54, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1982">Decraemer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C555360209572A66FBB8" box="[627,803,1088,1112]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pachylumbus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555360209572A66FBB8" box="[627,803,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. pachylumbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="9AFB57CBFFD2C555375A09562AC3FBB8" box="[811,902,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C555375A09562AC3FBB8" bold="true" box="[811,902,1088,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55530F409572C4BFBB8" box="[1157,1294,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. f l o r i d e n s e</emphasis>
|
||
not only by the characteristics of male posterior body but by the number of setae on the tail region in males and females (8 setae on annulated region and 3 setae on non-annulated end vs. 3–6 and 1–2 for
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C5553004099F2C41FB40" box="[1141,1284,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. f l o r i d e n s e</emphasis>
|
||
), the longer gubernaculum (25–27 μm vs. 10–19 μm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55536F009BB2A48FB24" box="[641,781,1196,1220]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55536F009BB2A48FB24" box="[641,781,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the shorter tail in males (3.4 abd long vs.
|
||
<quantity id="74449B47FFD2C555315A09BA2CD9FB24" box="[1323,1436,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2572999999999999" metricValueMax="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMin="1.0413999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" unit="in" value="4.949999999999999" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="4.1">4.1–5.8 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74BC4D21FFD2C55534E609C72867FB08" box="[151,290,1232,1256]" class="Adenophorea" family="Draconematidae" genus="Paradraconema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="87" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="floridense">
|
||
<emphasis id="81C8EAB0FFD2C55534E609C72867FB08" box="[151,290,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="87">P. floridense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |