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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1552ab9-004d-4671-90f5-8ff8f57df118" ID-PMC="PMC3677346" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-278-1" ID-PubMed="23794827" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-278-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 278" ModsDocTitle="Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species" checkinTime="1451247569814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hoare, Robert J. B. &amp; Nieukerken, Erik J. van" docDate="2013" docId="3A02BBC23087F6452801827CE1A98B1C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 278: 1-64" docOrigin="ZooKeys 278" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743" docTitle="Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae Hoare, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FF8DFFFD8A3D1872FFEEFFD9FFB1FF90" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668155497724" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phylogeny and host-plant relationships of the Australian Myrtaceae leafmining moth genus Pectinivalva (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), with new subgenera and species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hoare, Robert J. B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>278</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.278.4743</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-278-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152041672" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6720E8F8-1B68-45B0-B6EE-A94F9D8F0ADA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A02BBC23087F6452801827CE1A98B1C" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6720E8F8-1B68-45B0-B6EE-A94F9D8F0ADA" authority="Hoare" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acmenae" subGenus="Menurella">Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae Hoare</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="36" pageNumber="37">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Holotype. ♂, 35.37S, 150.16E, 1 km SE of East Lynne, Kioloa State Forest, N.S.W.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Acmena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acmena smithii" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">Acmena smithii</taxonomicName>
, emg. 12.x.1995, R.J.B. Hoare. Paratypes. 3♂, 3♀, same data as holotype, emg. 10-21.x.1995; 2♂, 36.19S, 150.03E, Mt Dromedary, N.S.W., emg. 22, 24.x.1995, R.J.B. Hoare, E.S. Nielsen and M.J. Matthews, genitalia slides 10213, 11242 (anic); 2♂, 28.42S,153.37E, Broken Head NR, N.S.W., 13.vii.2000, emg. 15-18.viii.2000,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Acmena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acmena smithii" order="Myrtales" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">Acmena smithii</taxonomicName>
, R.J.B. Hoare, C. van den Berg, bred in NL, slide EJvN3541 (rmnh).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Male (Fig. 12). Wingspan 4.5-5.5 mm. Head: frontal tuft ferruginous; collar inconspicuous, consisting of white, grey-tipped scales; eyecaps anteriorly white, posteriorly shining grey with bluish reflections; antennae shining dark grey, whitish beneath, ca. 35 segments. Thorax, tegulae and forewing uniform shining dark grey with strong blue reflections; an inconspicuous tornal spot consisting of a few white scales; cilia dark grey. Hindwing unmodified, pale grey; cilia pale grey. Under
<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">side</pageBreakToken>
: forewing grey with faint brassy reflections; hindwing grey. Abdomen shining dark grey; anal tuft inconspicuous, dark grey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Female (Fig. 13). Wingspan 5.2-5.6 mm. Similar to male, but antenna with 23-25 segments, and forewing rather broader. Wing venation as in Fig. 36. Abdominal tip not as broad and
<normalizedToken originalValue="square">'square'</normalizedToken>
as in females of other
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectinivalva</taxonomicName>
spp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Male genitalia(Figs 52-54, 66). Capsule ca. 425
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, forming a narrow triangle. Anterior edge of vinculum excavated in a half-oblong. Tegumen rounded, with ventral extensions on each side overlapping lateral arms of gnathos. Uncus rectangular, bilobed, lobes slightly produced, with 3 setae on each. Gnathos central element long, reaching just beyond uncus, ending in small swelling. Valva (Fig. 53) ca. 210
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, squarish, more rounded caudally and produced into a short point at exterior corner of apex; apical
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
with numerous spine-like setae on dorsal surface; pectinifer consisting of ca. 18 spine-like elements. Long sublateral processes present. Juxta a weak subcircular plate. Aedeagus (Figs 54, 66) ca. 510
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long, a curved spine arising towards apex on left, a shorter spine to right of this one, a third spine in line with second and anterior to it. Vesica basally with cathrema surrounded by a field of many broad, short cornuti; a separate field of ca. 9 long narrow cornuti above opening of ejaculatory duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Female genitalia(Fig. 77, 92-94). Total length ca. 760
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. T9 prominent, with a group of 5-6 setae on each side. Apophyses anteriores rather narrow, curved inwards; apophyses posteriores narrow, straight, approximately equal in length to anteriores. Lateral sclerotizations of vestibulum strongly developed, forked, the bifurcations diverging widely, anterior pair blunt, posterior pair pointed. Ductus spermathecae with
<normalizedToken originalValue="4½">41/2</normalizedToken>
convolutions. Posterior part of corpus broad, folded, without markings; anterior part rounded, with rows of inconspicuous pectinations; signum consisting of broken linear sclerotization surrounded by oval sclerotized ring with blunt dentitions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Larva. Green. Length of head ca. 440
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; width ca. 350
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Thorax: prothoracic sternite in shape of Y with expanded base (Fig. 113); an additional small roundish sclerite on each side of this and antero-dorsal to SV and V group of setae. Chaetotaxy and spinosity: T2 with 11 pairs of setae (L3 present); otherwise as described for subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Casanovula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Casanovula" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Casanovula</taxonomicName>
. Anal rods distinctly forked posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
Host plant:
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium smithii" order="Myrtales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">Syzygium smithii</taxonomicName>
(Poir.) Nied. (
<taxonomicName genus="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Myrtaceae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
) (formerly
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Acmena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acmena smithii" order="Myrtales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="smithii">Acmena smithii</taxonomicName>
), common lilly pilly. Egg: almost invariably on upperside, usually near leaf margin. Mine (Fig. 120): a long, very narrow contorted gallery, filled with brown frass apart from irregular crenulations along mine edge; exit-hole on underside, a semicircular hole. Cocoon: reddish brown. Occupied mines were collected on 30 July and 3 August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
This is the one of three known species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectinivalva</taxonomicName>
in which the forewings have a bluish lustre but no transverse fascia. The others are
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva xenadelpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xenadelpha">Pectinivalva xenadelpha</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva quintiniae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quintiniae">Pectinivalva quintiniae</taxonomicName>
, both described and diagnosed below. There is an undescribed Australian species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
which sometimes occurs together with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acmenae" subGenus="Menurella">Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae</taxonomicName>
, and in which the forewings are similarly unicolorous dark blue; however, the
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stigmella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stigmella</taxonomicName>
species is distinctly larger (wingspan 6-8 mm), and has a collar consisting of white lamellate scales; its larva is a leaf-miner on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Baloghia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baloghia inophylla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inophylla">Baloghia inophylla</taxonomicName>
(G. Forster) P. Green (
<taxonomicName genus="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Euphorbiaceae" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rank="genus">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">New South Wales. Vacated mines probably of this species were seen abundantly along the coast near Manley, Sydney.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="dna barcode">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">DNA barcode.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">RMNH.INS.23541, Genbank KC292474.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="derivation">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Derivation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The specific name is derived from the former host-plant genus, and is a noun in the genitive. Because the moth is referred to under this manuscript name in the first
<normalizedToken originalValue="authors">author's</normalizedToken>
unpublished thesis, we have chosen to retain it for consistency, in spite of the change in classification of the host-plant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
The host-plant genus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acmenae" subGenus="Menurella">Pectinivalva (Menurella) acmenae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Syzygium</taxonomicName>
, is not closely related to other myrtaceous hosts from which
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Pectinivalva" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pectinivalva" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pectinivalva</taxonomicName>
species have been reared in Australia, and belongs to the tribe Syzygieae (
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, PG" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" pagination="3 - 19" title="Relationships within Myrtaceae sensu lato based on a matK phylogeny." url="10.1007/s006060040162-y" volume="251" year="2005">Wilson et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Biffin, E" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" title="Molecular systematics of Syzygium and allied genera (Myrtaceae): evidence from the chloroplast genome. Taxon 55: 79 - 94. http: // www. ingentaconnect. com / content / iapt / tax / 2006 / 00000055 / 00000001 / art 0001," url="10.2307/25065530" year="2006">Biffin et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Vacated mines on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Syzygium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syzygium ingens" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ingens">Syzygium ingens</taxonomicName>
(F.Muell. ex C.Moore) Craven &amp; Biffin (=
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Acmena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acmena brachyandra" order="Myrtales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachyandra">Acmena brachyandra</taxonomicName>
) in Lamington National Park have tentatively been identified as this species (Appendix 2 and online Appendix 3).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>