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147 lines
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<document ID-DOI="10.1206/352.1" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5405335" approvalRequired="503" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="62" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="429" approvalRequired_for_treatments="12" checkinTime="1630345222680" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Nesbitt, Sterling J." docDate="2011" docId="357D771BFF9FFF94EFAEFD52FB0CFCDB" docLanguage="en" docName="B352.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2011 (352)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="C9440F63FFABFFA0EF17FFF9FFBFFF8E" masterDocTitle="The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades" masterLastPageNumber="292" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1631052925311" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Early Evolution Of Archosaurs: Relationships And The Origin Of Major Clades</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nesbitt, Sterling J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2011-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2011</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>352</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/352.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1206/352.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5405335</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5476384" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5476384" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:357D771BFF9FFF94EFAEFD52FB0CFCDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/357D771BFF9FFF94EFAEFD52FB0CFCDB" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[185,597,683,706]" box="[185,597,683,706]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<heading box="[185,597,683,706]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Colbert, 1970" authorityName="Colbert" authorityYear="1970" box="[185,597,683,706]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pricei">
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<emphasis box="[185,428,683,706]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurikosaurus pricei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[437,597,684,706]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref187674" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1970. A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates 2405: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1970">Colbert, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[128,654,728,1488]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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AGE: Late Carnian–early Norian, Late Triassic Alemoa local fauna (
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<bibRefCitation author="Langer, M. C." box="[470,642,759,781]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="219 - 239" refId="ref193091" refString="Langer, M. C. 2005 a. Studies on continental Late Triassic tetrapod biochronology. II. The Ischigualastian and a Carnian global correlation. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19: 219 - 239." type="journal article" year="2005">Langer, 2005a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[128,654,728,1488]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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OCCURRENCE: Alemoa Member, Santa Maria Formation,
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<collectingRegion box="[353,649,819,841]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Rio Grande do Sul state</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[128,201,848,870]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[128,654,728,1488]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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<typeStatus box="[156,284,877,901]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: MCZ 1669, incomplete skeleton including partial mandibular rami, almost complete vertebral column including six cervical vertebrae, most of the trunk and caudal series, the complete sacrum, two fragments of the scapulocoracoid, a bone fragment of uncertain affinities attributed to the humerus (
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<bibRefCitation author="Galton, P. M." box="[287,444,1084,1106]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="393 - 423" refId="ref189343" refString="Galton, P. M. 2000. Are Spondylosoma and Staurikosaurus (Santa Maria Formation, Middle- Upper Triassic, Brazil) the oldest saurischian dinosaurs? Palaontologische Zeitschrift 74: 393 - 423." type="journal article" year="2000">Galton, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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), almost complete ilia, pubes, ischia, femora, and the left tibia and fibula.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[128,654,728,1488]" lastBlockId="52.[701,1228,213,853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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REMARKS:
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1669" box="[297,468,1172,1195]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[297,468,1172,1195]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was named by
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[128,294,1202,1224]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref187674" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1970. A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates 2405: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1970">Colbert (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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for a unique specimen from the Triassic Santa Maria sequence in southern
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<collectingCountry box="[128,201,1260,1282]" name="Brazil" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. The age and provenance makes
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1669" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a very important specimen for answering questions about early dinosaur diversification, relationships, and early evolution. The partially articulated skeleton preserves much of the axial column and pectoral girdle but lacks forelimbs, most of the skull, and the ever-important pes. Unfortunately, the surfaces of the bones are poorly preserved, and the identification of some of the more incomplete elements found with the specimen continue to be debated (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Galton, P. M." box="[1026,1184,301,323]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="393 - 423" refId="ref189343" refString="Galton, P. M. 2000. Are Spondylosoma and Staurikosaurus (Santa Maria Formation, Middle- Upper Triassic, Brazil) the oldest saurischian dinosaurs? Palaontologische Zeitschrift 74: 393 - 423." type="journal article" year="2000">Galton, 2000</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="52.[701,1228,213,853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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Researchers have generally agreed that
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1669" box="[701,872,360,383]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[701,872,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a dinosaur, but placement within
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<taxonomicName box="[799,930,390,412]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Dinosauria</taxonomicName>
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remains controversial.
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1669" box="[701,872,419,442]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[701,872,419,442]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was found as the sister taxon of
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<taxonomicName box="[744,908,449,470]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Herrerasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[744,908,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Herrerasaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in phylogenetic analyses (
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<bibRefCitation author="Novas, F. E." box="[710,864,478,499]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="51 - 62" refId="ref196354" refString="Novas, F. E. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships of basal dinosaurs, the Herrerasauridae. Palaeontology 63: 51 - 62." type="journal article" year="1992">Novas, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Sereno, P. C." box="[881,1039,478,499]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="2137 - 2147" refId="ref200196" refString="Sereno, P. C. 1999. The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284: 2137 - 2147." type="journal article" year="1999">Sereno, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Rauhut, O. W. M." box="[1056,1223,478,500]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 214" refId="ref198498" refString="Rauhut, O. W. M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69: 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Langer, M. C." box="[701,861,507,529]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="25 - 46" refId="ref193042" refString="Langer, M. C. 2004. Basal saurischians. In D. B. Weishampel, P. Dodson, and H. Osmolska (editors), The Dinosauria, 2 nd ed.: 25 - 46. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2004">Langer, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Langer, M. C. & M. J. Benton" box="[876,1183,507,529]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="309 - 358" refId="ref193175" refString="Langer, M. C., and M. J. Benton. 2006. Early dinosaurs: a phylogenetic study. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 4: 309 - 358." type="journal article" year="2006">Langer and Benton, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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) or suggested as a more basal dinosaurian taxon (
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<bibRefCitation author="Galton, P. M." box="[710,873,566,588]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="234 - 245" refId="ref189223" refString="Galton, P. M. 1977. On Staurikosaurus pricei, an early saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil, with notes on the Herrerasauridae and Poposauridae. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 51: 234 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Galton, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Brinkman, D. B. & H. - D. Sues" box="[892,1216,566,588]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="493 - 503" refId="ref185408" refString="Brinkman, D. B., and H. - D. Sues. 1987. A staurikosaurid dinosaur from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina and the relationships of the Staurikosauridae. Palaeontology 30: 493 - 503." type="journal article" year="1987">Brinkman and Sues, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). Out of the possible autapomorphies of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="MCZ" baseAuthorityYear="1669" box="[701,872,624,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Herrerasauridae" genus="Staurikosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[701,872,624,647]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Staurikosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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listed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Bittencourt, J. S. & A. W. A. Kellner" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="51 - 52" refId="ref184738" refString="Bittencourt, J. S., and A. W. A. Kellner. 2005. The diagnosis of Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 (Dinosauria, Theropoda). In A. W. A. Kellner, D. D. R. Henriques, and T. Rodrigues (editors), II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Vertebrados Boletim de Resumos, 51 - 52. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro Museu Nacional." type="book chapter" year="2005">Bittencourt and Kellner (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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, none seems to be restricted to the taxon. I agree with
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<bibRefCitation author="Rauhut, O. W. M." box="[1004,1174,683,706]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 214" refId="ref198498" refString="Rauhut, O. W. M. 2003. The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs. Special Papers in Palaeontology 69: 1 - 214." type="journal article" year="2003">Rauhut (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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that a postacetabular process of the ilium abbreviated and straight posteriorly is an autapomorphy of the taxon.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="key">
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<paragraph blockId="52.[701,1228,213,853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
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KEY REFERENCES:
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<bibRefCitation author="Colbert, E. H." box="[959,1123,802,824]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref187674" refString="Colbert, E. H. 1970. A saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil. American Museum Novitates 2405: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1970">Colbert, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Galton, P. M." pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="234 - 245" refId="ref189223" refString="Galton, P. M. 1977. On Staurikosaurus pricei, an early saurischian dinosaur from the Triassic of Brazil, with notes on the Herrerasauridae and Poposauridae. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 51: 234 - 245." type="journal article" year="1977">Galton, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Galton, P. M." box="[772,830,831,852]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="393 - 423" refId="ref189343" refString="Galton, P. M. 2000. Are Spondylosoma and Staurikosaurus (Santa Maria Formation, Middle- Upper Triassic, Brazil) the oldest saurischian dinosaurs? Palaontologische Zeitschrift 74: 393 - 423." type="journal article" year="2000">2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Bittencourt, J. S. & A. W. A. Kellner" box="[843,1199,831,853]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="51 - 52" refId="ref184738" refString="Bittencourt, J. S., and A. W. A. Kellner. 2005. The diagnosis of Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 (Dinosauria, Theropoda). In A. W. A. Kellner, D. D. R. Henriques, and T. Rodrigues (editors), II Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia de Vertebrados Boletim de Resumos, 51 - 52. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro Museu Nacional." type="book chapter" year="2005">Bittencourt and Kellner, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |