400 lines
49 KiB
XML
400 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="718901A4953C179FE410FACFD760D14C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7387" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4951.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4b99917-e609-4b32-aba7-62bbddd1f0cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4668172" ID-ZooBank="ADA22E04-9548-4ECC-AF84-18E51955852B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1617778947944" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Souma, Jun & Ishikawa, Tadashi" docDate="2021" docId="351AAE4D0259FFE33295B9A3FD55FE30" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4951.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4951 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Physopelta Amyot & Serville 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="464" masterDocId="C923D635025BFFE03202B97CFF80FFB9" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae) from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with a new record of Ph. parviceps from China" masterLastPageNumber="491" masterPageNumber="461" pageNumber="463" updateTime="1698936105298" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="7C5C9818D98F6F4EB8155B1B5E7EC924" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CCC58F5F97909A86C403C3E89F85F4C6">
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<mods:title id="CF513958ED015D5D9D28D4E2049CBBD9">A taxonomic review of the genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae) from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with a new record of Ph. parviceps from China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9807B15C42C245BD502297583B56300A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BB52A3F64199B07DC11237255296F718">Souma, Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E5F1FD313A6A0E8E54CD6FEC1C980993" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2238-5015</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="420C8480EC22F4896C6B324656600918">Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. kodokusignal @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2238 - 5015 & Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (DC 1), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="BBEC07C846D93FE47E64359E019937C9" type="email">kodokusignal@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A48FE09705826A8681D3041819B31194">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C226CC7E301230AC01FC8BC5E8F1A87D">Ishikawa, Tadashi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B747C65FCDA11EA76C1A7E48B8E7C3C6">Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa, Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8BEDD7E60427A348B30317C0A96A7641">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3C1FDE8B0F76EC1194462DFB97178AE2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D55E78F58B27DE648F4728F5F87C2A43">
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<mods:date id="677A3D10978C1D0E421C07219B3AE2D2">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="959DBB0162153C7B2AE24D23DF06B3F0">2021-04-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EE7462143B189BA3502AFA5B6FEDA857">4951</mods:number>
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<treatment id="351AAE4D0259FFE33295B9A3FD55FE30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4684637" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181003280" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4684637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:351AAE4D0259FFE33295B9A3FD55FE30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/351AAE4D0259FFE33295B9A3FD55FE30" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<subSubSection id="F5A94CD00259FFE23295B9A3FD1CFF40" box="[151,668,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE23295B9A3FD1CFF40" blockId="2.[151,668,223,250]" box="[151,668,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<heading id="E644A8370259FFE23295B9A3FD1CFF40" bold="true" box="[151,668,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23295B9A3FD1CFF40" bold="true" box="[151,668,223,250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE232ECB9A3FD1CFF40" ID-CoL="6PZW" authority="Amyot & Serville, 1843" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[238,668,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE232ECB9A3FEF2FF43" bold="true" box="[238,370,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE2337AB9A3FD1CFF40" author="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A." box="[376,668,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" refId="ref21540" refString="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hemipteres. Roret, Paris, xxvi + 675 + 6 pp." type="book" year="1843">Amyot & Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="9DA338750259FFE23295B858FCF7FEE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<subSubSection id="F5A94CD00259FFE23295B858FDBCFE85" box="[151,572,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE23295B858FDBCFE85" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,346]" box="[151,572,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<treatmentCitation id="3C12394A0259FFE23295B858FDB8FE85" author="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A." box="[151,568,292,316]" page="271" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" year="1843">
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23295B858FDB8FE85" ID-CoL="6PZW" authority="Amyot & Serville, 1843: 271" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityPageNumber="271" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,568,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23295B858FE88FE85" box="[151,264,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE2330FB858FDB8FE85" author="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A." box="[269,568,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" refId="ref21540" refString="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hemipteres. Roret, Paris, xxvi + 675 + 6 pp." type="book" year="1843">Amyot & Serville, 1843: 271</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5A94CD00259FFE23043B858FCF7FEE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE23043B858FCF7FEE3" blockId="2.[151,1436,292,346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<typeStatus id="6208A1F90259FFE23043B858FDF3FE85" box="[577,627,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Type</typeStatus>
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species by subsequent designation (
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<treatmentCitation id="3C12394A0259FFE231E0B858FB11FE85" author="Hussey, F." box="[994,1169,292,316]" page="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE231E0B858FB11FE85" author="Hussey, F." box="[994,1169,292,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 144" refId="ref22351" refString="Hussey, F. (1929) Fascicle 3. Pyrrhocoridae. In: Horvath, G. & Parshley, H. M. (Eds.), General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Smith College, Northampton, pp. 1 - 144." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hussey 1929: 28</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE236A1B858FE63FEE3" authority="Amyot & Serville, 1843" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrocephala">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE236A1B858FF67FEE3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta erythrocephala</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE232ECB83EFE63FEE3" author="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A." box="[238,483,322,346]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" refId="ref21540" refString="Amyot, C. J. B. & Serville, J. G. A. (1843) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hemipteres. Roret, Paris, xxvi + 675 + 6 pp." type="book" year="1843">Amyot & Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23004B83FFCEDFEE3" authority="DeGeer, 1773" authorityName="DeGeer" authorityYear="1773" box="[518,877,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Cimicidae" genus="Cimex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albofasciatus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23004B83FFD54FEE3" box="[518,724,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Cimex albofasciatus</emphasis>
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DeGeer, 1773
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</taxonomicName>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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<subSubSection id="F5A94CD00259FFE23295B8F4FF6FFC96" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE23295B8F4FF6FFC96" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23295B8F4FE92FE1B" bold="true" box="[151,274,392,418]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Recognized among other largid genera by a combination of the following characters: head as long as its maximum width across compound eyes; antennomere III more than 0.5 times as long as antennomere IV; labium reaching between meso- and metacoxae; lateral margin of pronotum not or slightly emarginate between calli and disc, always without wrinkle; calli sometimes more convex in male than in female; fore wing in male longer than abdomen; corium of fore wing always without wrinkle; procoxa sometimes with a projection (procoxal projection); protrochanter sometimes with wrinkles (protrochanteral wrinkles); all femora in male sometimes with two longitudinal furrows throughout its length in ventral surface; longitudinal furrow of all femora in male always with a single row of denticles; profemur sometimes wider in male than in female; male protibia sometimes with a single tooth in apical part and/or a single row of denticles throughout its length ventrally; parameres curved inward, widest in basal apodeme, not crossing each other in rest, not surpassing infolding of ventral rim of genital capsule; crown of paramere with a number of setae on dorsal and ventral surfaces; and crown of paramere apically narrowed, rounded at apex.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5A94CD00259FFE332C5BA45FD55FE30" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE232C5BA45FB3FFBCB" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE232C5BA45FEBBFCEA" bold="true" box="[199,315,825,851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23341BA44FE3FFCEB" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[323,447,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23341BA44FE3FFCEB" box="[323,447,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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strongly resembles the genus
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23115BA44FBCDFCEA" authority="Distant, 1903" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1903" box="[791,1101,824,851]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Delacampius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23115BA44FC2BFCEB" box="[791,939,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Delacampius</emphasis>
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Distant, 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the former can be distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: antennomere III more than 0.5 times as long as antennomere IV; calli sometimes more convex in male than in female; lateral margin of pronotum not or slightly emarginate between calli and disc, always without wrinkle; corium of fore wing always without wrinkle; procoxa sometimes with a horn-shaped projection (procoxal projection); and protrochanter sometimes with wrinkles (protrochanteral wrinkles). In contrast,
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23391BA90FDA7FBBF" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1903" box="[403,551,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Delacampius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23391BA90FDA7FBBF" box="[403,551,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Delacampius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the following features: antennomere III approximately 0.5 times as long as antennomere IV; calli equally convex in both sexes; lateral margin of pronotum deeply emarginate between calli and disc, sometimes with several wrinkles (stridulatory organ); corium of fore wing sometimes with several wrinkles (stridulatory organ); procoxa always without projection; protrochanter always without wrinkle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE232C5BD01FA81FAD6" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
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In the genus
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23354BD00FE52FB2F" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[342,466,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23354BD00FE52FB2F" box="[342,466,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, four subgenera are currently recognized:
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE231AEBD00FBD6FB2F" authorityName="Stehlik" authorityYear="2013" box="[940,1110,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Afrophysopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE231AEBD00FBD6FB2F" box="[940,1110,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Afrophysopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE2368FBD00FAB7FB2F" authorityName="Stehlik" authorityYear="2013" box="[1165,1335,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopeltoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2368FBD00FAB7FB2F" box="[1165,1335,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopeltoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Afrotropical Region,
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE2338BBDDCFDAFFB03" authorityName="Ahmad & Abbas" authorityYear="1987" box="[393,559,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2338BBDDCFDAFFB03" box="[393,559,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Neophysopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Oceanian, Oriental, and Palaearctic Regions, and the nominotypical
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23295BDB8FE93FB67" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,275,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23295BDB8FE93FB67" box="[151,275,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Oriental Region (
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<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE23048BDB8FD61FB66" author="Stehlik, J. L." box="[586,737,1220,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="505 - 584" refId="ref24490" refString="Stehlik, J. L. (2013) Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 53 (2), 505 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">Stehlík 2013</bibRefCitation>
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). Five species of
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<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE231AABDB8FBA4FB67" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[936,1060,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE231AABDB8FBA4FB67" box="[936,1060,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, all belonging to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE236EDBDB8FA15FB67" authorityName="Ahmad & Abbas" authorityYear="1987" box="[1263,1429,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE236EDBDB8FA15FB67" box="[1263,1429,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Neophysopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, have been known from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C5A45FCB0259FFE2339CBD95FE61FABA" box="[414,481,1257,1283]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C5A45FCB0259FFE233E9BD95FDB2FABA" box="[491,562,1257,1283]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C5A45FCB0259FFE2306EBD94FD42FABB" box="[620,706,1256,1282]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230CFBD94FD6CFABB" box="[717,748,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23101BD95FC96FABB" box="[771,790,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2312EBD94FC27FABB" box="[812,935,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">cincticollis</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE231B7BD94FC54FABB" box="[949,980,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE231E9BD95FC7EFABB" box="[1003,1022,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23616BD95FB0FFABB" box="[1044,1167,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">gutta gutta</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2369EBD94FB3BFABB" box="[1180,1211,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE236D0BD95FB65FABB" box="[1234,1253,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE236FEBD95FAE9FABB" box="[1276,1385,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">parviceps</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23774BD94FEE6FA9F" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriguttata" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23774BD94FA15FABB" box="[1398,1429,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE232A3BC71FF34FA9F" box="[161,180,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE232CEBC70FEE6FA9F" box="[204,358,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">quadriguttata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE233A4BC70FD0AFA9F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[422,650,1292,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="slanbuschii" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE233A4BC70FE45FA9F" box="[422,453,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE233DCBC71FE71FA9F" box="[478,497,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23008BC70FD0AFA9F" box="[522,650,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">slanbuschii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE2309BBC70FCAEFA9E" author="Stehlik, J. L." box="[665,814,1292,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="505 - 584" refId="ref24490" refString="Stehlik, J. L. (2013) Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 53 (2), 505 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">Stehlík 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE23139BC70FC66FA9E" author="Ishikawa, T." box="[827,998,1292,1319]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="477 - 478" refId="ref22398" refString="Ishikawa, T. (2016) Family Largidae. In: Hayashi, M., Tomokuni, M., Yoshizawa, K. & Ishikawa, T. (Eds.), Catalogue of the insects of Japan Volume 4 Paraneoptera. Touka-shobo, Fukuoka, pp. 477 - 478. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
|
<collectingRegion id="7F77D1B90259FFE23139BC70FC20FA9F" box="[827,928,1292,1318]" country="Japan" name="Ishikawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ishikawa</collectingRegion>
|
|
2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Conclusively, we recognize five species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE232E8BC4CFEE6FAF3" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[234,358,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE232E8BC4CFEE6FAF3" box="[234,358,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, all belonging to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE2302DBC4CFD55FAF3" authorityName="Ahmad & Abbas" authorityYear="1987" box="[559,725,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2302DBC4CFD55FAF3" box="[559,725,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Neophysopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C5A45FCB0259FFE23120BC4DFCE5FAF2" box="[802,869,1329,1355]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C5A45FCB0259FFE23173BC4DFC38FAF2" box="[881,952,1329,1355]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C5A45FCB0259FFE231F6BC4CFBCAFAF3" box="[1012,1098,1328,1354]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23654BC4CFBF5FAF3" box="[1110,1141,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2368FBC4DFB20FAF3" box="[1165,1184,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE236BABC4DFAB3FAF3" box="[1208,1331,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">gutta gutta</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE23740BC4CFEB9FAD7" authority="Souma & Ishikawa, 2021" authorityName="Souma & Ishikawa" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusciscutellata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23740BC4CFAE1FAF3" box="[1346,1377,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2377BBC4DFA14FAF3" box="[1401,1428,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N.</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23295BC28FEB9FAD7" box="[151,313,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">fusciscutellata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23342BC29FE19FAD6" bold="true" box="[320,409,1365,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="94F47E320259FFE23342BC29FE19FAD6" box="[320,409,1365,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE233A5BC28FD06FAD7" authority="Souma & Ishikawa, 2021" authorityName="Souma & Ishikawa" authorityYear="2021" box="[423,646,1364,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutaspidata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE233A5BC28FE46FAD7" box="[423,454,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE233DCBC29FE78FAD7" box="[478,504,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N.</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2300ABC28FD06FAD7" box="[520,646,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">lutaspidata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2308FBC29FD66FAD6" bold="true" box="[653,742,1365,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="94F47E320259FFE2308FBC29FD66FAD6" box="[653,742,1365,1391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE230F6BC28FC42FAD7" authorityName="Blote" authorityYear="1931" box="[756,962,1364,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230F6BC28FC93FAD7" box="[756,787,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23129BC29FCBEFAD7" box="[811,830,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23157BC29FC42FAD7" box="[853,962,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">parviceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE231FDBC28FB7AFAD7" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1894" box="[1023,1274,1364,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriguttata" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE231FDBC28FB9EFAD7" box="[1023,1054,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23634BC29FBC9FAD7" box="[1078,1097,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23662BC28FB7AFAD7" box="[1120,1274,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">quadriguttata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE232C5BC04FCA6FA62" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
Species of the subgenera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE233E4BC04FDE2FA2B" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[486,610,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE233E4BC04FDE2FA2B" box="[486,610,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="94F47E320259FFE23068BC05FD25FA2A" box="[618,677,1401,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE230DEBC04FC02FA2B" authorityName="Ahmad & Abbas" authorityYear="1987" box="[732,898,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="478" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230DEBC04FC02FA2B" box="[732,898,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Neophysopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have sexual dimorphism in the swelling degree of the calli, the width of the femur, and the curvature of the protibia (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE231B4BCE0FBCDFA0E" author="Stehlik, J. L." box="[950,1101,1436,1463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="505 - 584" refId="ref24490" refString="Stehlik, J. L. (2013) Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 53 (2), 505 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">Stehlík 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Sexual dimorphism is more distinct in larger male than in smaller male (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE23087BCBCFC9AFA62" author="Stehlik, J. L." box="[645,794,1472,1499]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="115 - 129" refId="ref24456" refString="Stehlik, J. L. (2007) Largidae and Pyrrhocoridae (Heteroptera) of Meghalaya state, India. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae, 92, 115 - 129." type="journal article" year="2007">Stehlík 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE232C5BC98FE0DF90B" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE232C5BC98FEC3FA47" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[199,323,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE232C5BC98FEC3FA47" box="[199,323,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species were diagnosed by previous authors based on the differences in the morphological characteristics such as body shape, size of the compound eye, shape of the antenna, and the presence or absence of the procoxal projection and protrochanteral wrinkles (e.g.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE230F8BF50FCE7F9FF" author="Stal, C." box="[762,871,1580,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="390 - 404" refId="ref24358" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Beitrag zur Kentniss des Pyrrhocoriden. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 7, 390 - 404. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 47918630307" type="journal article" year="1863">Stål 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE23171BF50FC71F9FE" author="Blote, H. C." box="[883,1009,1580,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="97 - 117" refId="ref21700" refString="Blote, H. C. (1931) Catalogue of the Pyrrhocoridae in ' s Rijks Museum van Natuurlijke Historie. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden, 14, 97 - 117." type="journal article" year="1931">Blöte 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE231FFBF50FB3FF9FE" author="Redei, D. & Tsai, J. - F. & Yang, M. - M." box="[1021,1215,1580,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" refId="ref24020" refString="Redei, D., Tsai, J. - F. & Yang, M. - M. (2009) Heteropteran Fauna of Taiwan: Cotton stainers and relatives (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoroidea). National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 52 pp." type="book" year="2009">
|
|
Rédei
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23647BF51FBF6F9FF" box="[1093,1142,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE236C9BF50FA18F9FE" author="Kohno, K. & Hayashi, M. & Miyamoto, S." box="[1227,1432,1580,1607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="90 - 91" refId="ref22979" refString="Kohno, K., Hayashi, M. & Miyamoto, S. (2012) Family Largidae Amyot & Serville, 1843. In: Ishikawa, T., Takai, M. & Yasunaga, T. (Eds.), A field guide to Japanese bugs. Terrestrial heteropterans III. Zenkoku Noson Kyoiku Kyokai, Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 399 - 402, pls. 90 - 91. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
|
Kohno
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2371CBF51FACFF9FF" box="[1310,1359,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2012
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE23295BF2CFEADF9D2" author="Stehlik, J. L." box="[151,301,1616,1643]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="505 - 584" refId="ref24490" refString="Stehlik, J. L. (2013) Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 53 (2), 505 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">Stehlík 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). These characteristics are also useful for the identification of the new species described below. In addition, the structure of male and female terminalia provide good characters for identification among at least the eastern Asian species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE232C5BFC1FDC5F833" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
An apparatus consisting of a projection of procoxa and wrinkles of the protrochanter has been named “stridulatory organ” by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0259FFE23346BF9CFE6AF942" author="Stehlik, J. L." box="[324,490,1760,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" pagination="505 - 584" refId="ref24490" refString="Stehlik, J. L. (2013) Review and reclassification of the Old World genus Physopelta (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Largidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 53 (2), 505 - 584." type="journal article" year="2013">Stehlík (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; however, the stridulatory behavior of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE231A0BF9CFB9EF943" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[930,1054,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE231A0BF9CFB9EF943" box="[930,1054,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species has not been observed so far. Also, the procoxal projection on procoxa in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE230B4BE78FC05F8A7" authorityName="Blote" authorityYear="1931" box="[694,901,1796,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230B4BE78FD55F8A7" box="[694,725,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230EFBE79FC80F8A7" box="[749,768,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2311ABE79FC05F8A7" box="[792,901,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">parviceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is present in macropterous morph but is absent in brachypterous morph, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE233E6BE54FD44F8FB" authority="Souma & Ishikawa, 2021" authorityName="Souma & Ishikawa" authorityYear="2021" box="[484,708,1832,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutaspidata" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE233E6BE54FD83F8FB" box="[484,515,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23019BE55FDAEF8FB" box="[539,558,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23044BE54FD44F8FB" box="[582,708,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">lutaspidata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230CEBE55FCA6F8FA" bold="true" box="[716,806,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="94F47E320259FFE230CEBE55FCA6F8FA" box="[716,806,1833,1859]" pageId="2" pageNumber="463" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
has only the wrinkles in the protrochanter. Therefore, a horn-shaped projection of procoxa and wrinkles of the protrochanter are here renamed as procoxal projection and protrochanteral wrinkles, respectively.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0259FFE332C5BEE8FB28FF6C" blockId="2.[151,1437,392,2039]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,150,393]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">
|
|
The antennomeral oligomery is confirmed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE230C3BEE8FC1BF817" authority="gutta" authorityName="gutta (Burmeister" authorityYear="1834" box="[705,923,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gutta" subGenus="Neophysopelta" subSpecies="gutta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230C3BEE8FD60F817" box="[705,736,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE230F5BEE9FC8AF817" box="[759,778,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23123BEE9FC1BF817" box="[801,923,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">gutta gutta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="258803DE0259FFE231A8BEE8FB80F816" box="[938,1024,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1492,1516]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,425,1465]" captionTargetId="figure-130@3.[151,1436,417,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus images of four Physopelta (Neophysopelta) species, dorsal view: Ph. (N.) gutta gutta, male (A) and female (B) from Japan proper; Ph. (N.) fusciscutellata sp. nov., male from the main island of Taiwan (C) and female from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan (D); Ph. (N.) quadriguttata, male (E, G) and female (F) from the main island of Taiwan; Ph. (N.) lutaspidata sp. nov., male from the main island of Taiwan (H). Arrows mark antenna with antennomeral oligomery and malformed calli. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668176/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80259FFE2363DBEE8FA8BF817" authorityName="Blote" authorityYear="1931" box="[1087,1291,1940,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parviceps" subGenus="Neophysopelta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2363DBEE8FBDEF817" box="[1087,1118,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE23677BEE9FB08F817" box="[1141,1160,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490259FFE2369CBEE9FA8BF817" box="[1182,1291,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">parviceps</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<figureCitation id="258803DE0259FFE23718BEE8FA0FF816" box="[1306,1423,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1143,1167]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,184,1113]" captionTargetId="figure-30@4.[151,1436,181,1119]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus images of Physopelta (Neophysopelta) parviceps, dorsal view: macropterous male (A) and female (B) from Japan proper; macropterous male (C, E) and female (D, F) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan; brachypterous male (G) and female (H) from Japan proper. Arrows mark antennae with antennomeral oligomery. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="463">Fig. 2B, F</figureCitation>
|
|
). These three individuals lack antennomere III. Similar teratological forms are known in Cimicomorpha Leston, Pendergrast & Southwood, 1954, Gerromorpha Popov, 1971, Leptopodomorpha Popov, 1971, and Pentatomomorpha (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0258FFE3329DB9EBFEAEFF08" author="Leston, D." box="[159,302,150,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="890" refId="ref23396" refString="Leston, D. (1952). Antennal oligomery in Heteroptera. Nature, 169, 890. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 169890 a 0" type="journal article" year="1952">Leston 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0258FFE33338B9E4FDB8FF08" author="Stusak, J. M. & Stehlik, J. L." box="[314,568,151,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="89 - 105" refId="ref24617" refString="Stusak, J. M. & Stehlik, J. L. (1978) Second contribution to the teratology of Tingidae (Heteroptera) Antennal anomalies. Acta Musei Moraviae. Scientiae Biologicae, 63, 89 - 105." type="journal article" year="1978">Štusák & Stehlík 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0258FFE33040B9EBFD6FFF08" author="Yasunaga, T." box="[578,751,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="55 - 58" refId="ref25740" refString="Yasunaga, T. (2018) Teratological forms found in two Japanese heteropterans (Heteroptera: Gerridae and Miridae). Rostria, 62, 55 - 58." type="journal article" year="2018">Yasunaga 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0258FFE330F8B9EBFB6CFF08" author="Taszakowski, A. & Kaszyca-Taszakowska, N." box="[762,1260,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="1027" refId="ref24699" refString="Taszakowski, A. & Kaszyca-Taszakowska, N. (2020) Teratological cases of the antennae in the family Aradidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Scientific Reports, 10, 1027. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 020 - 57891 - 1" type="journal article" year="2020">Taszakowski & Kaszyca-Taszakowska 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, etc.). Thus, the antennomeral oligomery may be common in other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80258FFE330D2B9C7FCCCFF6C" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[720,844,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE330D2B9C7FCCCFF6C" box="[720,844,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species as other heteropterans.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BD0C1F5B0258FFE332C5B9A3FD55FE30" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">
|
|
Although only dozens of individuals are found on their host plants at noon, hundreds of individuals of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80258FFE3374CB9A3FF4FFEA4" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE3374CB9A3FF4FFEA4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are sometimes attracted to artificial light at night (
|
|
<figureCitation id="258803DE0258FFE33155B87FFC2AFEA4" box="[855,938,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,1183,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-184@25.[154,1433,1183,1902]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 17. A number of individuals of Physopelta (Neophysopelta) quadriguttata from the main island of Taiwan attracted to artificial light." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4668213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4668213/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
|
). On the other hand,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80258FFE33690B87FFAEBFEA5" authority="gutta" authorityName="gutta (Burmeister" authorityYear="1834" box="[1170,1387,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="gutta" subGenus="Neophysopelta" subSpecies="gutta">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE33690B87FFB31FEA4" box="[1170,1201,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Ph</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE336CAB87FFB5BFEA5" box="[1224,1243,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">N</emphasis>
|
|
.)
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE336F3B87FFAEBFEA5" box="[1265,1387,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">gutta gutta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was collected from a volcanic island, whose flora does not include its host plants,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80258FFE3360BB85BFB62FEF9" box="[1033,1250,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Osmeridae" genus="Mallotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE3360BB85BFB62FEF9" box="[1033,1250,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Mallotus japonicus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(L.f.) Müll.Arg. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80258FFE3329DB837FEC9FEDF" box="[159,329,331,358]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and its close relatives (cf.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0258FFE3308AB837FC89FEDC" author="Ohba, H." box="[648,777,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="273 - 286" refId="ref23953" refString="Ohba, H. (1989) Euphorbiaceae. In: Satake, Y., Hara, H., Watari, S. & Tominari, T. (Eds.), Wild flowers of Japan, woody plants. Vol. 1. Heibonsha, Tokyo, pp. 257 - 271, pls. 273 - 286. [in Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1989">Ohba 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D92262AA0258FFE33115B837FB85FEDC" author="Komatsu, T. & Kunikane, N. & Imoto N." box="[791,1029,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" pagination="79 - 83" refId="ref23140" refString="Komatsu, T., Kunikane, N. & Imoto N. (2009) [Insecta from Oshima-Oshima Island, Hokkaido, Japan]. Jezoensis, 35, 79 - 83. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
|
Komatsu
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE33187B837FC38FEDC" box="[901,952,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2009
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Thus, some species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7AB364D80258FFE33722B837FA1CFEDC" authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1312,1436,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Largidae" genus="Physopelta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8FC7C3490258FFE33722B837FA1CFEDC" box="[1312,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="464">Physopelta</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
appears to have strong phototaxis and flight ability.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |