227 lines
20 KiB
XML
227 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.350.6117" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98fa2b9c-6bce-4021-9269-9fac3a3daef1" ID-PMC="PMC3837499" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-350-75" ID-PubMed="24294084" ID-ZBK="C7545ECA1F5042FB99AB3D40B03B1DCF" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-350-75" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 350" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of gorgonian octocorals from the Tropical Eastern Pacific Biogeographic Region (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Gorgoniidae)" checkinTime="1451246678259" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca, Williams, Gary C & Guzman, Hector M" docDate="2013" docId="28BA0E1BC9D422D693AE7AA97DE0922E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 350: 75-90" docOrigin="ZooKeys 350" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.350.6117" docTitle="Eugorgia beebei Breedy, Williams & Guzman, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="8B75AC49-5089-4BEF-BE80-B76198B9D0E8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="C73BFF9E1566FFE3FFE0FFABFF8BFFB9" masterDocTitle="Two new species of gorgonian octocorals from the Tropical Eastern Pacific Biogeographic Region (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Gorgoniidae)" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1668156852542" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of gorgonian octocorals from the Tropical Eastern Pacific Biogeographic Region (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Gorgoniidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Breedy, Odalisca</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Williams, Gary C</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guzman, Hector M</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>350</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>75</mods:start>
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<mods:end>90</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.350.6117</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.350.6117</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-350-75</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C7545ECA1F5042FB99AB3D40B03B1DCF</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C7545ECA1F5042FB99AB3D40B03B1DCF</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049569" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8B75AC49-5089-4BEF-BE80-B76198B9D0E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28BA0E1BC9D422D693AE7AA97DE0922E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/8B75AC49-5089-4BEF-BE80-B76198B9D0E8" class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia rubens" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubens">Eugorgia rubens</taxonomicName>
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var. beebei (species name suggested by E. Deichmann in a museum label, unpublished)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="76" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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Holotype. CASIZ 75783, ethanol preserved, Los Frailes, Baja California sur,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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, 52 m, coll. R. Adcock, 18 June 1979.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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(CASIZ 75783) holotype. A entire colony B detail of branches C SEM sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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Paratypes. MCZ 36106, dry, Paita, Piura,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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, no more data available. USNM 56879, ethanol preserved, El Alto, Piura,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
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, 1860-1815 m but depth data dubious (F. M.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bayer’s">Bayer's</normalizedToken>
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note on label: 'specimen probably from previous shallow
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<normalizedToken originalValue="station’">station'</normalizedToken>
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), Anton Bruun Cruise, 18B, Sta. 766,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.1666665">4°10'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.45">81°27'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 9 September 1966.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="76">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="1" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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(MCZ 36106) paratype. A entire colony B detail of branches; SEM sclerites.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="77" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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Baja California sur,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="México">Mexico</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Ascending colony sparse growing, branching irregularly pinnate, and multiplanar, subdividing up to 11 times, some pseudo-anastomosis present. Prominent polyp-mounds up to 0.70 mm tall, dome-shaped, arranged irregularly, and closely placed on branchlets, and very distant on thick branches. Colony and sclerites white. Spindles and disc-spindles up to 0.14 mm in length, double discs up to 0.07 mm long, and 0.05 mm wide. Anthocodial rods absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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Holotype 24 cm tall, and 20 cm wide, ascending, sparse growing, (Fig. 1A). Branching irregularly pinnate, and multiplanar, several pseudo-anastomosis occurs in branchlets and branches (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Main stem 4 mm diameter at base, slightly compressed, and short, about 80 mm long arising from a fragment of holdfast, 0.6 mm diameter. Main stem gives off several branches and stumps. The three main branches, 3.0-4.0 mm in diameter, emerging at angles of 45-90°and producing secondary branches subdividing and giving off thin branchlets, up to 2.5 mm diameter, including polyp-mounds. Branchlets irregularly arranged, separated 5-16 mm, and giving off 2 or 3 lateral, secondary branchlets, of same thickness and arrangement. Colony branching up to 11 times. Unbranched terminal twigs blunt, and reaching up to 50 mm long (Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Polyp-mounds prominent, up to 0.7 mm height and 1 mm in diameter, dome-shaped, with slit-like apertures, arranged irregularly, close together along the branchlets, and very distantly distributed or absent along the thick branches (Fig. 1B). Holdfast devoid of polyps. Colony white (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Sclerites of coenenchyme white, mostly double discs (Fig. 1C). Spindles and disc-spindles, up to 0.14 mm long and 0.04 mm wide, with 4 or 5 whorls of warty tubercles, the ends mostly blunt (Fig. 3A). Double discs up to 0.07 mm long, and 0.05 mm wide (Fig. 3B). Crosses about 0.08x0.06 mm, scarce on samples (Fig. 3C). No anthocodial sclerites present in the samples.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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(CASIZ 75783) holotype, SEM coenenchymal sclerites. A spindles and disc-spindles B double discs C cross.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="variability">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Variability.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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Paratype MCZ 36106 reaches up to 34 cm tall, and 31 cm wide, the main stem 0.7 mm diameter, slightly compressed, and short, about 1.0 cm long arising from an oval holdfast 3.2 cm diameter, and 0.2 cm thick (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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). Sclerites as in the holotype (Fig. 2C). The other examined specimens are smaller, but very consistent in all aspects with the holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="77">
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The morphology of the colony, i.e., irregular-pinnate branching and prominent polyps, immediately segregates the new species from the ampla-group, and suggest a similarity with daniana-, rubens- and siedenburgae-groups.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">Eugorgia siedenburgae</taxonomicName>
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differ from the species in the daniana-group, including
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia mutabilis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="mutabilis">Eugorgia mutabilis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (described below), firstly, in the colony growth, which is sparse and ascending in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. but bushy and profuse in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">Eugorgia siedenburgae</taxonomicName>
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, not flabellate as it is in the daniana-group species. Secondly, it differs in the branching patterns because branchlets in the daniana-group form flat pinnate fronds with pinnae projecting in the same plane. That is not the case in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="77" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">Eugorgia siedenburgae</taxonomicName>
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where the secondary branchlets stick out in several, irregular planes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="78" start="start">Eugorgia</pageBreakToken>
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siedenburgae
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia rubens" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubens">Eugorgia rubens</taxonomicName>
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form monospecific groups, they differ especially in the colony growth. The rubens-group have pink, sparse and laterally branched colonies, and the siedenburgae-group, have bushy, bicolored colonies (
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<bibRefCitation author="Breedy, O" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" pagination="735 - 743" title="A new species of the genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868 (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) from mesophotic reefs in the eastern Pacific." url="10.5343/bms.2013.1014" volume="89" year="2013">Breedy and Guzman 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="79" start="start">Eugorgia</pageBreakToken>
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beebei
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">Eugorgia siedenburgae</taxonomicName>
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are very similar in sclerite content (Table 1), but they are different especially in the growth form and in the color. The conspicuous bushy colony immediately distinguished it from
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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; additionally,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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has thicker branches and branchlets than
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">Eugorgia siedenburgae</taxonomicName>
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; the polyp mounds are pointed and higher in the latter, and are more rounded in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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. Branchlets in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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are longer than in
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia siedenburgae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="siedenburgae">Eugorgia siedenburgae</taxonomicName>
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(Table 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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We found the paratype in the MCZ (36106), labelled in Elisabeth
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Deichmann’s">Deichmann's</normalizedToken>
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handwriting (Ardis Johnston, pers. comm.) as a variety of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia rubens" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubens">Eugorgia rubens</taxonomicName>
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, however, she certainly had not published anything on this genus, thus the variety or the species was never established. The specimen was part of an MCZ public exhibition, the only data we have are the locality. It is probable that this specimen examined by Deichmann came from the Zaca expedition of 1937 and 1938. We do not consider
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia beebei" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="beebei">Eugorgia beebei</taxonomicName>
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as a variety of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia rubens" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="rubens">Eugorgia rubens</taxonomicName>
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because they differ in the traits that have been shown to be informative to separate species in the genus: color, branching pattern, colony growth and sclerite content (see Table 1), as mentioned above.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
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This new species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Gorgoniidae" genus="Eugorgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugorgia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Eugorgia</taxonomicName>
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is named for explorer/naturalist William Beebe (1877-1962) who studied the marine fauna at numerous locations along the west coast of Central America from Mexico to Columbia during the Templeton Crocker Zaca expedition between 1937 and 1938. Beebe subsequently wrote the book, Book of Bays, which chronicles the five month expedition (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gould, CG" journalOrPublisher="Island Press / Shearwater Books, Washington, Covelo, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="84" title="The remarkable life of William Beebe, explorer and naturalist." year="2004">Gould 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Presently known from Piura,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Baja California, but it is very likely that it exist along all along the geographic range. The depth range is 50-60 m, it is possible the range could extends deeper, but not as deep as reported for paratype USNM 56879, which is probably a mistake, as was remarked by F. M. Bayer (former USNM curator).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |