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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1150-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" ID-ZooBank="A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1150-1" checkinTime="1677664009133" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C." docDate="2023" docId="288D063523265606853D0443CB90BDF1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1150: 1-189" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1150" docPubDate="2023-02-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760" docTitle="Karaops raveni Crews &amp; Harvey 2011" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53" masterDocTitle="But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="189" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1677664009133" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>But wait, there's more! Descriptions of new species and undescribed sexes of flattie spiders (Araneae, Selenopidae, Karaops) from Australia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9360-6236</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">screwsemail@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-02-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1150</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>189</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1150-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A38C5FB69F664F858788AAA53D21704D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D0F861C78665B9BABB241437CA5ED53</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:288D063523265606853D0443CB90BDF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/288D063523265606853D0443CB90BDF1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3R2MS" ID-ENA="2080952" LSID="288D0635-2326-5606-853D-0443CB90BDF1" authority="Crews &amp; Harvey, 2011" authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">Karaops raveni Crews &amp; Harvey, 2011</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">Karaops raveni</taxonomicName>
Crews &amp; Harvey, 2011: 42, figs 29-32, 91, 111 (♂, ♀, examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
New South Wales • 1♂; Oxley Wild Rivers NP, East Kunderang Track &quot;Raspberry Rd&quot; Dam; -30.813417, 152.084026; ~ 800 m; 5 Nov. 2015; H.M. Smith leg.; night collecting, on tree trunk; (AM KS.124443) • 1♀; same data as previous, Oxley Wild Rivers National Park, East Kunderang,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Smail’s">Smail's</normalizedToken>
Creek, Upper Kunderang Brook; -31.0439, 152.2215; ~ 333 m; 14 Nov. 2015; H.M. Smith leg.; (AM KS.124613) • 1♂ (collected as juvenile, matured Spring 2016); same data as previous,
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Mudaridge’">'Mudaridge'</normalizedToken>
, Gloucester River Rd.; -32.0547, 151.745; 3 Mar. 2016; G.M. Milledge, H.M. Smith leg.; under bark; (AM KS.126578).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The female of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lateral lobes of the epigyne almost touching or touching posteriorly, and the accessory bulbs are separated by more than one accessory bulb in the latter (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
: figs 27, 28, 31, 32).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The male of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B</figureCitation>
) is similar to the males of
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the body shape (flatter and wider than species in other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species groups; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9B, D</figureCitation>
), the horizontally oval sternum, and the long dRTA, curved ventrally and tapered to a point (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 9. Karaops marrayagong, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales A adult female (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) B male, face (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C epigyne, caudal (sel _ 1089 AM KS. 126520) D male (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) E same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor / conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules F same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (C); 1 mm (B, D-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">9A, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10B</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated from
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking spinules on the median apophysis. It can also be differentiated from both
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the dRTA, which is at least two times as long as the vRTA of
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 10. Karaops marrayagong and Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov. A Karaops marrayagong on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm) B Karaops marrayagong, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel _ 1091, AM KS. 126522) C Karaops marrayagong, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel _ 1089, AM KS. 126520) D Karaops nitmiluk sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel _ 1333, MAGNT A 004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes / epigynal plate E same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold F same, epigyne G same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (B); 0.2 mm (D-G)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">10B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey 2011</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 30).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 8" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Members from the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jarrit" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarrit">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jarrit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype female, conveyor #2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T87168)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S50593)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S47057)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype female,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kitty’s">Kitty's</normalizedToken>
Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS19743)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jarrit" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarrit">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jarrit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype male, 11 km NW of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Roe’s">Roe's</normalizedToken>
Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T55003)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops monteithi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops monteithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops monteithi" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monteithi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops monteithi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816392" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 9" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
adult female (sel_1089, AM KS. 126520)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
male, face (sel_1091, AM KS. 126522)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
epigyne, caudal (sel_1089 AM KS. 126520)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
male (sel_1091, AM KS. 126522)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
same, palp, ventral; green = vRTA, orange = dRTA, light gray-blue = tegulum, blue-violet = tegular lobe, blue = embolus, turquoise = spermophor, pink = conductor/conductor sheath, yellow = median apophysis, dark green = subtegulum, Sp = spinules
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
same. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
); 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D-F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Map 4" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Map 4.</emphasis>
Species of the
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group; green =
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops jarrit" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jarrit">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops jarrit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, red =
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pale blue =
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816394" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on tree, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (Photo: Wendy Grimm)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male palp, retrolateral, same data as previous (sel_1091, AM KS. 126522)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops marrayagong" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, epigyne, caudal same data as previous (sel_1089, AM KS. 126520)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews" authorityYear="2023" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops nitmiluk" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitmiluk">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops nitmiluk</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype, epigyne, Baruwei Walk, Nitmiluk National Park, Northern Territory (sel_1333, MAGNT A004906); pink = median field, blue-violet = epigynal windows, yellow = lateral lobes/epigynal plate
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
same, endogyne, yellow = accessory bulbs, blue = spermathecae, red = fertilization ducts, green = posterodorsal fold
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
same, epigyne
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
same, endogyne. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 0.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The description of the male and female can be found in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in eastern Australia, in Queensland and New South Wales. It has primarily been collected to the east of the Great Dividing Range with some collections within the boundaries of the Great Dividing Range (Map
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species occurs across many different subregions. The southernmost locality is in the Tinderry Range near the ACT, in the Kybeyan-Gourock subregion of the South Eastern Highlands bioregion, and the northernmost is the Burnett-Curtis Coastal Lowlands subregion of the South Eastern Queensland bioregion. The former has a temperate climate, and it does snow at the higher elevations; the northern bioregion is considered humid subtropical. The furthest inland that the species is known from is Warrumbungles National Park, of the Castlereach-Barwon subregion in the Darling Riverine Plains Bioregion. In Queensland, this species has been collected inside a house, by fogging trees with pyrethrum, and from under bark of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In New South Wales,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected from under bark, on a water tank, on trees at sunset and at night, and in the Tinderry Range it has been collected under rocks of scree slope.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops raveni" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 8. Members from the Karaops raveni species group A Karaops jarrit, paratype female, conveyor # 2, Worsley Alumina Overland Conveyor Belt, SW of Boddington, Western Australia (WAM T 87168) B Karaops raveni, holotype male, Brooyar State Forest, Queensland (QM S 50593) C Karaops raveni, female paratype, Boat Mountain, Queensland (QM S 47057) D Karaops marrayagong, holotype female, Kitty's Creek near Sydney, New South Wales (AM KS 19743) E Karaops marrayagong, female, Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden, New South Wales (AM KS. 126520) F Karaops jarrit, holotype male, 11 km NW of Roe's Rock, Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia (WAM T 55003) G Karaops monteithi, adult female, under rock, outside of Coen, Queensland; arrows indicate tufts of white setae H Karaops monteithi, habitat of outside of Coen, Queensland. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816391" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8B, C</figureCitation>
) appears to be the most widespread species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Map
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
). There is some variation in the species as discussed in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" author="Crews, SC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 103" refId="B14" refString="Crews, SC, Harvey, MS, 2011. The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region. ZooKeys 99: 1 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" title="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" volume="99" year="2011">Crews and Harvey (2011)</bibRefCitation>
, which may be more noticeable in this species because significantly more individuals over a broader range have been collected than in any of the other species. The sister taxon of
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. marrayagong" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="marrayagong">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. marrayagong</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is known only from a very small area within the Sydney Basin, inside the range of
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Map
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Map 4. Species of the Karaops raveni species group; green = Karaops jarrit, red = Karaops raveni, pale blue = Karaops marrayagong." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1150.93760.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/816393" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
). They have been collected at the same time at the same place. The sister taxon to these two species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. jarrit" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jarrit">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. jarrit</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurs in the southwest of the continent, a pattern that shows up in other taxa, including other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Crews &amp; Harvey" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Karaops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Another species that occurs within the range of
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. raveni" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="raveni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. raveni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName lsidName="K. manaayn" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="manaayn">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. manaayn</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a member of the Central Desert species group. Penultimate males have been taken at the beginning of the year in Queensland and New South Wales, including the Tinderry Range. In Queensland, no adults have been collected from February to May, generally, a transition time from hot and wet to cool and dry; and in New South Wales, no adults have been collected from August to October, a transition time from cool to warm, with not much change in rainfall (Suppl. material 2: table S1).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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