213 lines
30 KiB
XML
213 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="133351B1DCE917030F450F6A76078974" ID-CLB-Dataset="27115" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.33635" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a92c720f-b2d7-4749-822f-25049f7c2706" ID-PMC="PMC6482132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-840-133" ID-PubMed="31065230" ID-ZooBank="F4D86FD041E847D7855F523506B9921E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-840-133" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 840" ModsDocTitle="On the taxonomic position of the enigmatic genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha): the first molecular data" checkinTime="1555526086539" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="A. Schileyko, Arkady & N. Solovyeva, Evgeniya" docDate="2019" docId="1ADF1DB0DC6280804FA322F0EC5F890B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 840: 133-155" docOrigin="ZooKeys 840" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.33635" docTitle="Tonkinodentus lestes Schileyko 1992" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFC7FFDC8235FFDF5505CA4AFFECDB52" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomic position of the enigmatic genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha): the first molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1701384840915" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="DC8656A0C48B321813CBD46D5D5300D5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="B434A31C7F611FE255CC98F2EE5072EC">
|
|
<mods:title id="F2D2A09C8798471AE6EC35B1393D7644">On the taxonomic position of the enigmatic genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha): the first molecular data</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="EF1A14B23EEEAEBB8BFB1561A10F5F5C" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="CD086EE4BE3316A9E79772C1AD0DE842">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="FC0B34FEE950B0277E99E87A8BA42B22">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="13A7AD7331B6C9AA8ACAA1174A3DA2F9">A. Schileyko, Arkady</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="7A4C8E9C270FDAE6D0B95061A04C52E4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="4658C8CC34945F36B5C322E90DE709CF">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="155D789AAF7ED5ACA3A7FB8FF899F578">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="2A3AADD6A94D0F725F28AA3A63475CFA">N. Solovyeva, Evgeniya</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="FEA7FB06CEF0AE45579F4239D84D686A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="9929B064FC1256391D8159D81F33502C" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="64A83CB710009F091E3DC82F619E2C0D">
|
|
<mods:title id="FB0E6D7C000142A17BED694F7564DF4E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="50A62F4719075FAB57BE8C261BD84C21">
|
|
<mods:date id="F234FE44E112E84C2E1FF0DB28B90E53">2019</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="93E46E410EB87E55F3FBA97FAD687A13" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="039F10B19B9C0F967CA3C23D7745811F">840</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="AD5A86850CD57E1D502D517C6A4B6DC7" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="4469BADCAA84818A825D738F835B1880">133</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="D0F51AD98618B7C74A70C0ED97D85A03">155</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="551D1E1ADD108CBB1453010A3A66013A">
|
|
<mods:url id="79589AB99C2E39E68415374E86FF8161">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.33635</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="34222EBB855F9FE36CBBAAC0FAB8E22C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2D1F8055C0E525480BA8345DE5D938DC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.840.33635</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="B01C3584707C175FF24BF346792F1683" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-840-133</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="60AD4AC0317742B7E7C9811EE9ACE4F2" type="ZooBank">F4D86FD041E847D7855F523506B9921E</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="1ADF1DB0DC6280804FA322F0EC5F890B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156787958" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1ADF1DB0DC6280804FA322F0EC5F890B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1ADF1DB0DC6280804FA322F0EC5F890B" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
<subSubSection id="ADC219FE28BF67E6F60D7FDA21F51932" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="4EC829D32E0933C0E7BE28D3BBCB02A2" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5EA5F2F19D77D5EC2B0151206068F152" ID-CoL="7CGCR" authority="Schileyko, 1992" authorityName="Schileyko" authorityYear="1992" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="9AD318A1DC461DE5FF6D73982CA88359" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" start="start">Tonkinodentus</pageBreakToken>
|
|
lestes Schileyko, 1992
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Figures 2-4, 5-9, 10-14, 15-19
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="EC39FF35240D323184338918949F9543" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="761B3A49CD060D616B46A9DD4070E7DD" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9639E97CE30821BF0462E9B9C3E169EC" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">Tonkinodentus lestes</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="615F555BEC9F71DA394512BCB5D6D224" author="Schileyko, A" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="5 - 19" title="Scolopenders of Viet-Nam and some aspects of the system of Scolopendromorpha (ChilopodaEpimorpha). Part 1." volume="1" year="1992">Schileyko 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 13.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="4F8AF91E7B50217979F24F328B5F1189" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D92C6C2735DCE62BB5319168AE9FF5EF" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">Tonkinodentus lestes</taxonomicName>
|
|
: Schileyko 1995: 74.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="75392D79416B425FC58E9ED46F0E920B" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="76E2180A9908AF6BAFABE07EB94358F8" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">Tonkinodentus lestes</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="344341976150EFD888DF16EB02AFD76F" author="Schileyko, A" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="71 - 95" title="The scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda) of Vietnam, with contributions to the faunas of Cambodia and Laos. Part 3." volume="16" year="2007">Schileyko 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 83.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="8261A2B9CABF7064836A4CCAB2B7BE6D" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="locus typicus">
|
|
<paragraph id="ECADCAA7B97D219869C7298BA999A051" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Locus typicus.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="CCF6583F758F1C5EC1DB0E85661D488C" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Central Vietnam, Dak Lak (Darlak) Province, environs of Boun Ma Thuot.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="97F841EB92056B1825A6B2349B5CB709" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="4CA679AB7A884D0AF98FF8113369C281" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Material.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8FBBE0FDAD5B63E19377B0D18AFA4580" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
Dak Lak (Darlak) Province, ca 15 km of Buon Ma Thuot, Eakmat, 450 m, 1-5.05.1986, col. L.N. Medvedev, 1 spec. (holotype, Rc 6358); Dong Nai Province, Ma Da Forest,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0C914DAFCAEC9C6B8B9124052F16C703" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Dipterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dipterocarpus" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Dipterocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
|
area, soil samples, 19.10.1994, col. N.V. Beliaeva, 1 spec. (Rc 6555).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B3CE2F12AECFF76B5422ADD80AF25D0B" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="3B2C00A98E08E92FF4D8D40789CA226D" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6CBDA1488F881A9B6A46F8C5FCD78AD0" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
Cephalic plate lacking any sutures, its posterior margin overlapped by tergite 1; eyes absent (Figs 4, 13). Forcipular tooth-plates well developed and relatively short, with 7 teeth arranged in 2 parallel rows in a chess-board pattern (Fig. 5); trochanteroprefemoral process bisected sagittally (Figs 5, 6). Sternites 2-20 with paramedian sutures (Figs 7, 14). Pleuron with intersclerite membrane clearly visible; spiracles triangular with a 3-part
|
|
<normalizedToken id="2109AC42A571982D9E133915E022CFC3" originalValue="“flap”">"flap"</normalizedToken>
|
|
, slit-like entrance and deep atrium. 21 LBS; the ultimate one visibly shorter than penultimate (Fig. 15). Leg with tarsus 1 considerably longer than tarsus 2, with both tarsal spur and pretarsal accessory spines. Ultimate sternite with poorly developed longitudinal median depression in caudal half. Cylindrical coxopleural process well developed, with spines (Figs 10, 16, 17). Ultimate legs of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="F4757BBE9785C4D9A553A5085CD3363B" originalValue="“common”">"common"</normalizedToken>
|
|
shape (sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="8FAD8998CEECCE462094550C3C9AAA53" author="Schileyko, A" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="519 - 530" title="Ectonocryptoidessandrops - a new scolopendromorph centipede from Belize." volume="81" year="2009">Schileyko 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Figs 8, 12); femur, tibia, and tarsus 1 each with an apically rounded distal ventro-lateral process (Figs 8, 12, 18).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DD565E1CE32597F610570FA9E65891CB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="6" pageNumber="139" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="82EF864140993F506FBFE4A0A3E4B4DB" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Composite redescription.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="B07FDC4CB8DBE5A455979DE83D7453BB" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">[data concerning the non-type specimen in square brackets]</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8E1B772B80D47FE346F77E91FE701998" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Length of body ca 45 [34] mm. Color in ethanol: entire animal uniformly yellow-brownish (Figs 2, 3) [pale yellow, nearly white; Fig. 8]. Body and legs with a very few minute setae.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="305CCF2F667DF5B9E8C5014E364A60A5" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Antennae of 19 articles (in the both specimens left antenna of 19 and right one of 18, as the corresponding apical article seems to be broken off), reaching the anterior margin of tergite 5 [5.5-6] when reflexed. Basal articles 6 or 7, with a very few long setae, subsequent articles densely pilose. Basal antennal articles flattened.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E523BEA51F1676C44DFC8B62DE5ECCC2" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Cephalic plate (Figs 4, 13) without any sutures, rounded and remarkably narrower than tergite 1; its posterior margin covered by the latter. No light spots at the place of ocelli.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="719E1F56D6E6D6FA9BABF4F1ADCB2DD5" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">Maxillae 2: the second article of telopodite distally with dorsal spur. Dorsal brush very poorly visible, consisting of short, delicate and transparent setae; apical setae no longer than pretarsus. Uniformly brown pretarsus (Fig. 19) simple (not pectinate) and claw-shaped, as long as 1/3-1/4 of the length of the apical article of telopodite; pretarsus with 2 thin accessory spines.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1A9005E96B7B0328FBC607B4245BDABB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="6" pageNumber="139">
|
|
Forcipular segment: coxosternite with shortly branched medial suture which is as long as 1/3 of coxosternal length; 2 short sutures stretched caudo-laterad from median
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="8FDCDC2CF971DE9D17B155135569F5E4" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" start="start">diastema</pageBreakToken>
|
|
(Fig. 5) [all coxosternal sutures very hardly visible] in the form of an angle of ca 60° [ca 70°]; chitin-lines short but well developed (Fig. 6). Tooth-plates definitely wider than long [visibly higher than in the holotype]; height of tooth margin increasing medially. Each tooth-plate with 7 teeth, fused to various degrees and arranged in 2 parallel rows in a chess-board pattern (Fig. 5), the lateral tooth is the shortest and the most isolated. Basal sutures of tooth-plates form a nearly straight line. Trochanteroprefemural process well developed, divided sagittally into 2 (dorsal and ventral) halves (Figs 5, 6), each half with 2 or 3 lateral tubercles [dorsal halves of both processes with 3, ventral ones (which are visibly smaller) with 2]; the apical end of this process is considerably higher than corresponding tooth-plate. Tarsungula (Fig. 6) of normal length (left one broken off apically in the holotype), ventrally with 2 blunt ridges.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1458DB3EA6B91AF7939304A37BCC4C91" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Tergite 1 without sutures (Figs 4, 13), tergite 2 with visible incomplete paramedian sutures, tergites 3-20 with well-developed and complete ones (Fig. 15), tergite 21 with complete median suture. Tergites 15/16-20 with poorly developed lateral margination posteriorly; only tergite 21 definitely marginate. Tergite 21 nearly as wide as long and not narrowed caudad (Fig. 15); its lateral sides slightly rounded and posterior margin evidently rounded. Tergites lacking any median keel.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7ADFA69DD269DB0E436F7C069FCAC1B5" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Sternites 2-20 (Figs 7, 14) with lateral sides practically parallel; 2-20 with complete paramedian sutures; sternites 6/7-18/19 with a well-developed longitudinal median depression, which is wide and deep [very shallow]. Ultimate sternite long and very narrow (Fig. 11), at least twice as long as wide at base [1.5:1; Fig. 17], very slightly narrowing caudad; its posterior margin practically straight [with strongly rounded corners]. Endosternites not recognizable.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D1AC0919130E320F12FC012DD806757E" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
|
|
Composition of pleuron (Fig. 9) usual for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D4F614AFAC7DCFADD943B808EE7C1A7B" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="140" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Scolopendrinae">Scolopendrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, intersclerite membrane well visible. Elongated spiracles triangular with a typical for this subfamily 3-valved
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0D0B176695A7FCA1CDC57855B1986A94" originalValue="“flap”">"flap"</normalizedToken>
|
|
which covers slit-like entrance in a well-developed atrium (Fig. 9).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="62488E30EB2DB991AEDB5A2F80A7E4B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
|
|
Legs (Figs 7, 9) with tarsus 1 considerably longer than tarsus 2, legs 1-18 [1-19] with tarsal spur (legs 19-21 of the holotype are lost). Pretarsus long (approximately as long as
|
|
<normalizedToken id="BD2AF3C76FA9E7B6928BD5F80BBE539A" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
|
|
of tarsus 2), legs 1-20 with well-developed accessory spines.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6BDFDEEC1C4F0DE28E2C21A8C9F55C78" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">Ultimate LBS visibly shorter than penultimate (Fig. 15). Coxopleuron (excluding coxopleural process) visibly longer than sternite 21 (Figs 11, 16), its coxal part very densely pierced with coxal pores of various size, only this coxopleural process and a narrow posterior area remaining poreless [this posterior area visibly broader than in the holotype]. Short, cylindrical coxopleural process (Figs 10, 16) slightly curved dorsad [definitely curved medially and very slightly dorsad], with 2 apical, 2 subapical, and 2 ventral spines close to its base [with 3 apical, 1 subapical, and 1 lateral spine]; 1 or 2 [1] spines at posterior margin of coxopleuron. Coxopleural process practically reaches the caudal margin of the ultimate tergite. Caudal margin of ultimate pleuron virtually straight and lacking spines; coxopleural surface with scattered minute setae. Gonopods well developed (Figs 11, 17).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8926224EFE43DD4F2DCFDE3FA2BBE440" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="7" pageNumber="140">
|
|
[Ultimate legs (Figs 8, 12) ca 7 mm long, relatively slender (width of prefemur ca 0.7 mm), prefemur definitely flattened dorsally, other articles cylindrical. Prefemur, femur and tibia practically of the same length (ca 1.7 mm), tarsus 1 considerably longer
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="27B576EA2BE8CF72B5856B5F22B9AB70" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" start="start">than</pageBreakToken>
|
|
tarsus 2 (Figs 8, 12, 18), the latter twice as long as pretarsus. Ventral surface of prefemur spineless, left prefemur with 23 and right one with 20 small ventrolateral spines, remaining ones (23 on left prefemur, 22 on right) disposed ventromedially, medially and dorsomedially (Figs 12, 16, 17). The spines grouped in very indistinct rows or scattered chaotically; corner spine well developed (Figs 12, 16), with 2 apical spines. No tarsal spur; pretarsus slender, sharply contrasting to much thicker tarsus 2, accessory spines absent. Tarsus 1 and tibia visibly broadened apically; femur, tibia and tarsus 1 each with a characteristic distal process ventro-laterally, the latter short and rounded apically (Fig. 8, 12, 18)].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="635ED63CF63E1DB27D2DAB979F27693E" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="A7A904BD9AD557798EC1A20107CA4D59" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E08BECD739C8DB88DC0FEF0BF008A632" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">The known material consists of two specimens only, neither of which are in perfect condition. More material is needed to investigate the anatomy (e.g. peristomatic structures, foregut, gizzard).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="936DE5C37431977AA14551A34D0CEDEE" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">All differences between the holotype and the second specimen are explicable by the latter being a subadult. The much paler and considerably softer cuticle the second specimen suggests that it is newly moulted. Because of this, some delicate structures (e.g. forcipular sutures, leg spurs) are less evident than in the holotype. The most delicate parts (maxillae, antennae, legs) are somewhat deformed (wrinkled) in the holotype, but in the second specimen, the ventral surfaces of the apical articles of the ultimate legs are deformed (unnaturally concave).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7969A745DC29DE5DAD2C0DCA31DC2EF3" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
Eight specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="73DBEB529F4B677B883D59871282F124" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Cormocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cormocephalus dentipes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">Cormocephalus dentipes</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pocock, 1891 (Rc 7518, 7013, 7028, 7231, 7233) from India (Assam and Punjab states), Western Nepal and Indonesia (Sumatra, Medan) demonstrate virtually the same structure of the sagittaly bisected process of the forcipular trochanteroprefemur (Fig. 20). As for the chess-board pattern of the arrangement of the teeth of the forcipular tooth-plates in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B9B0D66A5744867DFF676BF89D617305" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tonkinodentus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 5), it is unique among the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3C11288F8D9B69720E23F77AC235F1D2" lsidName="" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="order">Scolopendromorpha</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="EDB8A9A5F1E71D3C98760B33FAA1606A" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="27C83871839605DFBBF14D1618E20FBB" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="49CF66C00A2A498593B4CC512A76457C" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
The genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7656795C7488BFCBAF9FC4C604972EDB" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tonkinodentus</taxonomicName>
|
|
conforms to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DAF637DAF66556D5BBE8CE389F919780" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Scolopendrinae">Scolopendrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and differs from members of both the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="659C14D54C6A17C04C56F194CBFF8D6A" family="Plutoniumidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="family">Plutoniumidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9F19243F19963DE64C6093CF5B6ECA1" family="Cryptopidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="family">Cryptopidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
Kohlrausch, 1881 by: (1) the presence of paired sternal longitudinal sutures (Figs 7, 14) vs single median suture, (2) the slit-like spiracles are covered by a
|
|
<normalizedToken id="0E427132ABB0BC818F0ED49B077ECEF9" originalValue="“flap”">"flap"</normalizedToken>
|
|
(a synapomorphy that is unique for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="642A4143D8AA5F57AE81522F9E6A9DF8" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Scolopendrinae">Scolopendrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; Fig. 9), with the longitudinal axis of the spiracle parallel to the such of the body vs open oval spiracles, (3) the well-developed, spinulated coxopleural process (Figs 10, 16) vs its virtual absence, and (4) the ultimate legs of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="64D2540AF121BEC12CF63247E96E4EA5" originalValue="“common”">"common"</normalizedToken>
|
|
shape (sensu
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0EDAA9458D01E8677647556CEADA7491" author="Schileyko, A" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="14" pageNumber="147" pagination="519 - 530" title="Ectonocryptoidessandrops - a new scolopendromorph centipede from Belize." volume="81" year="2009">Schileyko 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Figs 8, 12) vs enlarged,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1B9D2906D069179780B856BAEF1D8B6C" originalValue="“pincer-shaped”">"pincer-shaped"</normalizedToken>
|
|
ones in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="88CDB08115215D7C2491F5F09B55CCE4" family="Plutoniumidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="family">Plutoniumidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
or "pocket knife-shaped" ones in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="64C432BE75332424C7EE6FDBD7861E81" family="Cryptopidae" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="family">Cryptopidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CF0EA7D2CADF84EA75E6DC32A5D010E0" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tonkinodentus</taxonomicName>
|
|
also sharply differs from the typical cryptopids (=
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7CC9EB5B3EB90D6972A183C33EFD5281" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Cryptops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cryptops" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptops</taxonomicName>
|
|
Leach, 1814) by having: (1) well-developed forcipular tooth-plates with strongly chitinized teeth, (2) a forcipular trochanteroprefemur with a well-developed process, (3) sternites without transversal sutures, and (4) prefemur of ultimate legs with numerous spines (Fig. 17).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="2600D8BF2EA18D5DCB705AF7AEA79C5A" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
Summing up, the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7A03EAF0AF9BB9D9B022B2BCEDD3EB0F" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tonkinodentus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is morphologically the typical representative of the subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="132D8517BAC6125FC35E6AA03A1C95D1" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Scolopendrinae">Scolopendrinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and namely of the former tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName id="23E2160E76D36A0C5F1A81D4274E9CDC" lsidName="" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" rank="tribe" tribe="Scolopendrini">Scolopendrini</taxonomicName>
|
|
Leach, 1814) and is the most similar to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="832510844E766D0D9E696B1845A18402" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Scolopendra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolopendra" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scolopendra</taxonomicName>
|
|
L., 1758, but differs readily from the latter by the absence of eyes and the peculiarities of the forcipular segment.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="47B502A47A8E87F10B7CBE9B6C1C77F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
<paragraph id="DD61C2D4CAD06B12665A4E73505785D9" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
Figures 5-9.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="47E737406D1938F487B01D62CFC6C5D4" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">Tonkinodentus lestes</taxonomicName>
|
|
Schileyko, 1992; Holotype (Rc 6358) 5 anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite, ventral view 6 head, forcipular segment and LBS 1-2, ventral view 7LBS 12, ventral view; non-type (Rc 6555) 8 general view, laterally; Holotype (Rc 6358) 9 left side of LBS 2-4, lateral view; (asp) - accessory spines, (bs) - basal sutures of tooth-plates, (cl) - chitin-line, (dhp) - dorsal half of process of trochanteroprefemur, (im) - pleural intersclerite membrane, (lmd) - longitudinal median depression, (ms) - medial suture, (pr) - leg pretarsus, (ps) - paramedian suture, (pt) - process of trochanteroprefemur, (sp) - slit-like spiracle of LBS 3, (ss) - short caudo-lateral suture, (tp) - tooth-plate, (tr) - tarsungula, (ts) - leg tarsal spur, (t1) - leg tarsus 1, (t2) - leg tarsus 2, (vhp) - ventral half of process of trochanteroprefemur.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="3F209C194330AF84DE8EB9B51900E0D7" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
<paragraph id="C837182233BA9518EE40F0378AFDF180" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
Figures 10-14.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7B1FE71EDE9C07643BA5B12A7678AD1B" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">Tonkinodentus lestes</taxonomicName>
|
|
Schileyko, 1992; Holotype (Rc 6358) 10LBS 20-21, ventro-lateral view 11LBS 20-21, ventral view; non-type (Rc 6555) 12LBS 21 and ultimate legs, dorso-lateral view 13 head plate and LBS 1, dorsal view 14LBS 13, ventral view; (as) - apical spine(s) of coxopleural process, (cp) - coxopleural process, (cps) - coxopleural posterior spine, (cs) - corner spine of ultimate prefemur, (f) - femur, (g) - gonopod, (pf) - prefemur, (ps) - paramedian sutures, (sas) - subapical spine(s) of coxopleural process, (t) - tibia, (t1) - tarsus 1, (t2) - tarsus 2, (us) - ultimate sternite, (vlp) - distal ventro-lateral process, (vs) - ventral spine(s) of coxopleural process.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="1628386AE776DB4A6E40C3C228178B95" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
<paragraph id="04D40105F8F7549CBEC718036E273F8F" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
Figures 15-20.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D1910325333F707668B9F9C28912E7FF" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" genus="Tonkinodentus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonkinodentus lestes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lestes">Tonkinodentus lestes</taxonomicName>
|
|
Schileyko, 1992; Holotype (Rc 6358) 15LBS 20-21, dorsal view; non-type (Rc 6555) 16LBS 21 and ultimate prefemora, ventro-lateral view 17LBS 21 and right ultimate prefemur, ventral view 18 femur, tibia, and tarsus 1 of left (lateral view) and right (medial view) ultimate leg; Holotype (Rc 6358) 19 maxillae 2 and anterior part of forcipular segment, ventral view;
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7320571B187CCEA3C698A2300FEDF4C3" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Cormocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cormocephalus dentipes" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes">Cormocephalus dentipes</taxonomicName>
|
|
Pocock, 1891, adult Rc 7013 20 anterior margin of forcipular coxosternite, ventral view; (as) - apical spines of coxopleural process, (asp) - accessory spines, (at) - apical article of telopodite of maxilla 2, (cp) - coxopleural process, (cps) - coxopleural posterior spine, (cs) - corner spine of ultimate prefemur, (dhp) - dorsal half of process of trochanteroprefemur, (f) - femur, (g) - gonopod, (lm) - lateral margination, (ls) - lateral spine(s) of coxopleural process, (mds) - median suture, (ms) - medial spine(s) of ultimate prefemur, (pa) - coxopleural posterior poreless area, (pr) - pretarsus, (ps) - paramedian suture(s), (sas) - subapical spine(s) of coxopleural process, (t) - tibia, (t1) - tarsus 1, (us) - ultimate sternite, (ut) - ultimate tergite, (vhp) - ventral half of process of trochanteroprefemur, (vlp) - distal ventro-lateral process, (vls) - ventrolateral spine(s) of ultimate prefemur, (vms) - ventromedial spine(s) of ultimate prefemur.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="794F05C1089B84A5FA218E5C08864668" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
<paragraph id="47877497B01161C4C7EEF5E7B5C652F2" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Figure 21. Phylogenetic BI tree reconstructed from alignment of the nuclear gene 28S. (Numbers on tree nodes indicate posterior probabilities (PP> 90) and bootstrap values (BS> 75) for BI/ML, respectively).</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="152A6BD13F75AC7B9E1169CCDD1B9C22" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">
|
|
<paragraph id="62D5206C7520072AA267219DCB6A31C9" pageId="8" pageNumber="141">Figure 22. Phylogenetic BI tree reconstructed from concatenated alignment of the nuclear genes 28S + 18S. (Numbers on tree nodes indicate posterior probabilities (PP> 90) and bootstrap values (BS> 75) for BI/ML, respectively).</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |