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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eff21244-6b84-477a-bb3e-0aa1f4930e71" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-74-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3599972" ID-ZooBank="F4F7EFFB0DB5487880E60A832471E3F7" ModsDocID="1314-2607-74-51" checkinTime="1577771837739" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong &amp; Carpenter, James M." docDate="2019" docId="1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 74: 51-64" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 74" docPubDate="2019-12-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795" docTitle="Polistes gigas" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the subgenus Polistes (Gyrostoma) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) occurring in Vietnam, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1678753562682" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on the paper wasps of the subgenus Polistes (Gyrostoma) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) occurring in Vietnam, with description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Insect Ecology Department, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam &amp; Graduate school of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">phuonglientit@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carpenter, James M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79 th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2019-12-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>74</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>51</mods:start>
<mods:end>64</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.74.47795</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-74-51</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F4F7EFFB0DB5487880E60A832471E3F7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BF59E2BF0D2E54279EC8315E4D29BAE6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3599972</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160992135" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A9B509B38E6560EBA52EA51081FFD20" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
(1)
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4KYC8" ID-ENA="2067033" LSID="1A9B509B-38E6-560E-BA52-EA51081FFD20" authority="(Kirby)" baseAuthorityName="Kirby" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Polistes gigas (Kirby)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 1–12" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 12. Gyrostoma species. 1 - 3 Polistes gigas 1 female head, frontal view 2 male head, frontal view 3 antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4. 4 - 6 Polistes olivaceus 4 female head, frontal view 5 male head, frontal view 6 antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4. 7 - 9 Polistes rothneyi 7 female head, frontal view 8 male head, frontal view 9 antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4. 10 - 12 Polistes tenebricosus 10 female head, frontal view 11 male head, frontal view 12 Antennal flagellomeres 1 - 4." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures1-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367375" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figs 1-3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">, 20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirby &amp; Spence" authorityYear="1826" class="Gastropoda" family="Eumenidae" genus="Cyclostoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclostoma gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gigas">Cyclostoma gigas</taxonomicName>
Kirby, 1826, 1, 3: 36.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">Polistes gigas</taxonomicName>
: Sonan, 1943, 33: 469.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
This is the biggest species among polistine wasps, with female body length being about 25-30 mm, and male body length even bigger, about 32-35 mm. Its distribution is restricted to one area in the northeastern part of India (Sikkim), southern China including Hong Kong, and Taiwan (
<bibRefCitation author="Das, BP" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="176 - 189" refId="B5" refString="Das, BP, Gupta, VK, 1989. The social wasps of India and the Adjacent Countries (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Oriental Insects Monograph 11: 176 - 189" title="The social wasps of India and the Adjacent Countries (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." volume="11" year="1989">Das and Gupta 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3" author="Tan, JL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="377 - 399" refId="B15" refString="Tan, JL, Achterberg, van K, Duan, MJ, Chen, XX, 2014. An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001. Zootaxa 3785 (3): 377 - 399, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3" title="An illustrated key to the species of subgenus Gyrostoma Kirby, 1828 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) from China, with discovery of Polistes (Gyrostoma) tenuispunctia Kim, 2001." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3785.3.3" volume="3785" year="2014">Tan et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In Vietnam, this species has been recorded from many localities in the northern part of the country (
<bibRefCitation author="Nguyen, LTP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B13" refString="Nguyen, LTP, Saito, F, Kojima, J, Carpenter, JM, 2005. An annotated distributional checklist of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Viet Nam. Proceedings of the 1st national workshop on ecology and biological resources Hanoi, 17 May 2005: 129-137. [In Vietnamese with English summary]" title="An annotated distributional checklist of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) of Viet Nam. Proceedings of the 1 st national workshop on ecology and biological resources Hanoi, 17 May 2005: 129 - 137. [In Vietnamese with English summary]" year="2005">Nguyen et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, some new localities in the northern part are added to the distribution range of the species, and a record of one locality in the southern part is also added.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang">Cao Bang</collectingRegion>
[
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.2" value="22.570612">22°34'14.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="51.7" value="105.88103">105°52'51.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date value="2012-08-09">9 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="29" value="23.541388">23°32'29&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="52.7" value="105.88131">105°52'52.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date value="2012-08-08">8 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong,
<geoCoordinate degrees="23" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="23.543612">23°32'37&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="10.4" value="105.86956">105°52'10.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date value="2012-08-07">7 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Tam Kim, Na Va,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="22.604723">22°36'17&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="106.029724">106°01'47&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" unit="m" value="320.0">320m</quantity>
,
<date value="2015-10-18">18 Oct. 2015</date>
, LPT Nguyen, DD Nguyen, MP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nguyen Binh, Thanh Cong, Phia Oac,
<date value="2012-08-11">11 Aug. 2012</date>
, ISD-c leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, Trung Khanh, Dam Thuy, Nguom Ngao cave,
<date value="2015-04-28">28 Apr. 2015</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.];
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Bac Kan">Bac Kan</collectingRegion>
. Na Ri, Lan San, Kim Hy NR,
<date value="2014-06-03">3 Jun. 2014</date>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.233334">22°14'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.083336">106°5'E</geoCoordinate>
, SV Tran leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Thai Nguyen">Thai Nguyen</collectingRegion>
, Dai Tu, Phuc Xuyen,
<date value="2012-04-23">23 Apr. 2012</date>
, LD Khuat leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Thai Nguyen">Thai Nguyen</collectingRegion>
, Dai Tu,
<date value="2006-09-29">29 Sep. 2006</date>
, LD Khuat leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Phu Tho">Phu Tho</collectingRegion>
, Xuan Son NP, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="500.0">500-600 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2004-06-12" valueMax="2004-06-13" valueMin="2004-06-12">12-13 Jun. 2004</date>
, LTP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Thai Nguyen">Thai Nguyen</collectingRegion>
, Xuan Dai, Tan Son,
<date value="2011-05-20">20 May 2011</date>
, HP Pham leg.;
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Bac Giang">Bac Giang</collectingRegion>
[
<specimenCount type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, An Lac, Keo Vang,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="21.312777">21°18'46&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="106.933334">106°56'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date value="2014-06-04">4 Jun. 2014</date>
, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen, DD Tran leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, Tuan Dao, Khe Dan, Tay Yen Tu NR,
<date value="2010-07-04">4 Jul. 2010</date>
, DD Tran leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, Khe Vang,
<date value="2013-05-16">16 May 2013</date>
, DD Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Son Dong, An Lac, Dong Bay,
<date value="2012-08-12">12 Aug. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, H Nugroho &amp; IED-c leg.];
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Quang Ninh">Quang Ninh</collectingRegion>
, Yen Tu mountain,
<date value="2002-03-04">4 Mar. 2002</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.;
<collectingRegion country="Vietnam" name="Hoa Binh">Hoa Binh</collectingRegion>
[
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Yen Thuy, Da Phuc,
<date value="2012-04-27">27 Apr. 2012</date>
, HT Dang leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Mai Chau, Chieng Chau, Lac village, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="600.0">600m</quantity>
,
<date value="2008-06-10">10 Jun. 2008</date>
, LPT Nguyen &amp;
<collectingCountry name="Philippines">PH</collectingCountry>
Pham leg.; Ha Noi [
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Ba Vi, Van Hoa,
<date value="2001-06-03">03 Jun. 2001</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
, Ba Vi, Yen Bai, Suoi Mo, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2001-06-01">01 Jun. 2001</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.]; Hai Phong [
<specimenCount type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
, Cat Ba NP,
<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="20.799444">20°47'58&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 106°59'93&quot;E, Nest#-CB-2013-Po-01,
<date value="2013-07-26">26 Jul. 2013</date>
, LTP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Cat Ba NP,
<date value="2003-06-10">10 Jun. 2003</date>
, DL Khuat leg.]; Vinh Phuc [
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Me Linh, Ngoc Thanh,
<date value="2000-08-02">02 Aug. 2000</date>
, LX Truong leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
, Tam Dao NP, 2005,
<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="21.433332">21°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="105.61667">105°37'E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
, 20 Aug., J. Kojima leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Me Linh, Ngoc Thanh,
<date value="2001-06-13">13 Jun. 2001</date>
, LX Truong leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
, Tam Dao, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="900.0">900-1200m</quantity>
,
<date value="2012-07-30" valueMax="2012-08-03" valueMin="2012-07-30">30 Jul.-3 Aug. 2012</date>
, DT Tran leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="male">21 ♂</specimenCount>
, Phuc Yen, Me Linh, Nest# 2012-ML-P-01,
<date value="2012-11-11">11 Nov. 2012</date>
, J Kojima, DT Dang &amp; LPT Nguyen leg.]; Thanh Hoa, Thuong Xuan, Van Xuan, Hon Can, Xuan Lien NR [
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<date value="2012-08-23" valueMax="2012-08-24" valueMin="2012-08-23">23-24 Aug. 2012</date>
, LPT Nguyen &amp; TV Hoang leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.2" value="19.861444">19°51'41.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="6" value="105.23499">105°14'6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2012-08-27">27 Aug. 2012</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.];
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nghe An, Con Cuong, Khe Bu,
<date value="2006-04-16">16 Apr. 2006</date>
, ISD-c leg., light trap;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Ha Tinh, Huong Son, Son Kim, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2004-05-06">06 May 2004</date>
, LPT Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Quang Binh, Quang Ninh, Truong Son, U Bo, alt.
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.5" unit="m" value="725.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="650.0">650-800 m</quantity>
,
<date value="2006-06-10">10 Jun. 2006</date>
, LTP Nguyen leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Thua Thien Hue, Phu Loc, Bach Ma NP,
<date value="2001-05-30">30 May 2001</date>
, LD Khuat leg.;
<specimenCount type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Quang Nam,
<collectingRegion inferredBySuffix="true">Dong Giang</collectingRegion>
, Macoih,
<date value="2006-05-27">27 May 2006</date>
, ISD-c leg.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="3599974" doi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures1-12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367375" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" start="Figures 1–12" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Figures 1-12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kwietniewski" authorityYear="1897" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Gyrostoma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gyrostoma" order="Actiniaria" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Gyrostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1-3</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gigas" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes gigas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount type="female">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">1</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount type="male">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">2</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">3</emphasis>
antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4-6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes olivaceus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes olivaceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount type="female">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">4</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount type="male">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">5</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">6</emphasis>
antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7-9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1900" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes rothneyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rothneyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes rothneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount type="female">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">7</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount type="male">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">8</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">9</emphasis>
antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">10-12</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lepeletier" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes tenebricosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebricosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Polistes tenebricosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount type="female">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">10</emphasis>
female
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<specimenCount type="male">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">11</emphasis>
male
</specimenCount>
head, frontal view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">12</emphasis>
Antennal flagellomeres 1-4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">India: Sikkim; southern China; Vietnam.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nest">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Nest.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
A nest (Nest# 2012-ML-P-01) collected in Me Linh station, Vinh Phuc on 11 November 2012 was examined. The nest (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) was collected inside an old toilet, on the wall about 2 m from the ground, together with 8 females and 25 males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
Nest structural characters are as follows. Single comb, nearly round in shape with diameter of the comb nearly 10cm and 10cm in height, tough paper-like in texture, bicoloured, almost all dark brown mixed with reddish gray, expanded from the petiole to form fan-shape in ventral view, with dorsal surface slightly concave. One-third of the cell length from the bottom at outside covered with sharp thorns (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 19–22" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 19 - 22. Nest of Gyrostoma species. 19, 20 Nest of P. gigas 21, 22 Nest of P. longus sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/367377" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" tableDoi="10.3897/jhr.74.47795.figures19-22">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
). The cell where the petiole is placed is longest, about 88 mm in length, and the length of the other two next cells is 71 mm (while only 51.8 mm and 45.5 mm deep respectively). Outside of those cells with a fold at about one-third of the length from the bottom implying that the wasps may have reused the nest. Petiole single, terminal, with thick central core of plant fibers, 8.7 mm long and 4.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.7 mm thick. Cells generally arranged in regular rows, round at open end; cell gradually expanded towards open end, 8.4 mm (range 7.0-10.3; n=10) wide at bottom and 14.8 mm (rang 13.5-16.7; n = 10) wide at open end, 49.7 mm (range 43.6-52.9; n=10) deep; cell wall about 0.25 mm thick; cocoon cap strongly domed beyond level of cell opening, whitish gray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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