180 lines
18 KiB
XML
180 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37fcf036-b7b9-407b-a090-85e2cea21080" ID-PMC="PMC3591765" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-259-1" ID-PubMed="23653501" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-259-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 259" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U.S.A." checkinTime="1451247765886" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hunting, Wesley M." docDate="2013" docId="18A077E37D2D4F11E8E4E28ECC3E2C7B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 259: 1-73" docOrigin="ZooKeys 259" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970" docTitle="Cymindis (Pinacodera) chevrolati Hunting, 2013, complex" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="48" masterDocId="FF90904E7A57FFE9CD13EE7858701A20" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1668155161763" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Cymindis (Pinacodera) limbata species group (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), including description of a new species from Florida, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hunting, Wesley M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>259</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>73</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.259.2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-259-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152039709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18A077E37D2D4F11E8E4E28ECC3E2C7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18A077E37D2D4F11E8E4E28ECC3E2C7B" lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis (Pinacodera) chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati" subGenus="Pinacodera">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">Cymindis</pageBreakToken>
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(Pinacodera) chevrolati
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="45" pageNumber="46">complex</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 30-41
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis. Dorsal surface of the pronotum and elytra entirely black in combination with the notably deeper, more irregular single row of punctures in each elytral interval, distinguish members of the chevrolati complex from all other species in the limbata species group.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Color (Fig. 30, 32-33). Dorsum of head black to rufo-piceous; dorsum of pronotum and elytra black; antennae rufo-piceous to rufo-testaceous; palpi rufo-testaceous; elytral epipleura, ventral thoracic sclerites, and abdominal sterna rufo-piceous to piceous; legs piceous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Microsculpture. Head capsule and pronotum smooth, microlines not evident at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Elytra with mesh pattern isodiametric, microlines shallow to not apparent at 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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Macrosculpture and pilosity. Head capsule with evenly scattered setigerous punctures on dorsal surface from constriction of neck extended anteriorly toward clypeus. Prothorax ventrally with fine setigerous punctures extended from lateral margin of coxal cavity to apex of intercoxal process. Elytra with striae moderately impressed and punctulate throughout length; intervals slightly convex, single irregular row of ~30-45
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<pageBreakToken pageId="46" pageNumber="47" start="start">punctures</pageBreakToken>
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within each interval. Abdominal sterna with pilose punctures throughout, setae increased slightly in length toward baso-lateral margins.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fixed setae. Two pairs of supraorbital setae; clypeus with two lateral setae. Labrum with six setae along apical margin. Pronotum with two to five setae along each margin. Elytra with two seta in stria 3 and one beyond apex of stria 3; one setae at apex of interval two; 15-17 umbilical setae;two setae on each of abdominal sterna III to VI; 4-8 setae along apical margin of sternum VII (Fig. 3).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Luster. Head capsule and pronotum glossy; elytra glossy to slightly glossy, ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna glossy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pronotum (Figs 30, 31A-B, 32-33). Anterior and posterior transverse impressions shallow; median longitudinal impression shallow; posteriolateral angles from almost right angled to almost rounded; posterior margin slightly lobate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Head (Figs 30, 32-33). Eyes and mouthparts typical for
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<taxonomicName genus="Cymindidina" lsidName="Cymindidina" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">Cymindidina</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Elytra (Figs 30, 32-33). Humeri narrowly rounded, typical for subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pinacodera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinacodera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pinacodera</taxonomicName>
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; striae moderately impressed; lateral margin smooth, rounded and widened preapically; elytral apices truncate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="47" pageNumber="48" start="start">Hind</pageBreakToken>
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wings (Fig. 39). Brachypterous, somewhat shortened to markedly short.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Legs. Males with adhesive vestiture ventrally, two rows of squamo- setae on tarsomeres 1-4 of foreleg and 1-3 of middle leg.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Male genitalia. Phallus anopic, cylindrical (Fig. 34A-C) ventral surface slightly curved. Endophallus with a slightly curved endophallic plate (ep) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="945 - 1192" title="The ground beetles (Carabidae excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 6." volume="35" year="1969">Lindroth 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 1080-1081) apically. Endophallus with or without microtrichial patch (mp) (Fig. 34, 36) on basal lobe of everted sac.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Female genitalia. Gonocoxite 2 (gc2) (Fig. 35) short and stout (Fig. 35A2) to long and narrow (Fig. 35B2). Internal genitalia with long cylindrical spermatheca (sp), associated spermathecal gland (sg), and spermathecal diverticulum (sd) located at base of spermathecal gland duct (sgd).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="geographical distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">The chevrolati complex is known from all the major mountain systems of Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Fig. 41). It is also known from the Pacific Tres Marias islands.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="chorological affinities">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Chorological affinities.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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The geographical range of the chevrolati complex overlaps the range of one other member of the limbata group (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis punctigera subsp. punctigera" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="punctigera" subSpecies="punctigera">Cymindis punctigera punctigera</taxonomicName>
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LeConte) and the ranges of several species of the latiuscula group (
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<bibRefCitation pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hilchie and Ball in preparation</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="taxonomic composition">
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Taxonomic composition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Three species are included in this complex:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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Dejean;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevior">Cymindis laevior</taxonomicName>
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(Bates); and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis ruficornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Cymindis ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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(Bates).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Overall body length. Twenty individuals (f=10, m=10) from state population samples of each species in the chevrolati complex were compared (Fig. 38). In each species males are shorter on average then females. Overall body length between
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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from Durango and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevior">Cymindis laevior</taxonomicName>
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from Oaxaca, while statistically significant, was not useful taxonomically because of extensive overlap in both males and females.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Hind wing length. The three species in the chevrolati complex are brachypterous, showing metathoracic wing reduction, from slight (Fig. 39B) to extensive (Fig. 39A). Population samples (Fig. 40) were measured to determine possible trends in wing length. Overall, wing length (Fig. 40) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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is the most variable of the three species both between and within populations. Of individuals examined,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevior">Cymindis laevior</taxonomicName>
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had the lowest variation throughout its range, though a slight decrease in length is observed from north to south. Specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis ruficornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Cymindis ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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had the shortest average wing length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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In the range of distributional overlap between
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevior">Cymindis laevior</taxonomicName>
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, wing length serves as a diagnostic character between the two species in Hidalgo (Fig. 40). In populations from Puebla, however, some overlap does occur.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Metepisternum reduction is associated with wing reduction in
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<taxonomicName family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Darlington, Jr. PJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Monographs" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="37 - 61" title="Carabidae of mountains and islands. Data on the evolution of isolated faunas and on atrophy of wings." url="10.2307/1943589" volume="13" year="1943">Darlington 1943</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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has a metepisternum that is 1.66 to 2.00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevior">Cymindis laevior</taxonomicName>
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is 1.40 to 1.67
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis ruficornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Cymindis ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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is 1.35 to 1.45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide. This is strongly correlated with the reduction of wing length observed in chevrolati complex members.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="48" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Several hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of brachyptery in insects (
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<bibRefCitation author="Darlington, Jr. PJ" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Monographs" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="37 - 61" title="Carabidae of mountains and islands. Data on the evolution of isolated faunas and on atrophy of wings." url="10.2307/1943589" volume="13" year="1943">Darlington 1943</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Kavanaugh 1985</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Liebherr, JK" journalOrPublisher="Pan- Pacific Entomologist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="13 - 22" title="Geographic variation in flight wing development and body size of the Tule beetle, Tanystoma maculicolle (Coleoptera: Carabidae)." volume="62" year="1986">Liebherr and Hajek 1986</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis laevior" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevior">Cymindis laevior</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis ruficornis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruficornis">Cymindis ruficornis</taxonomicName>
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(the postulated sister group and closest relative to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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) have
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<pageBreakToken pageId="48" pageNumber="49" start="start">reduced</pageBreakToken>
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wings that can be explained as a result of high altitude occurrence and relatively stable montane habitat.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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is also found almost exclusively at similar elevations in montane habitats but has a much greater range in wing length. It is unclear what selective pressures may be affecting wing length in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cymindis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cymindis chevrolati" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chevrolati">Cymindis chevrolati</taxonomicName>
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. No geographical trends are apparent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |