489 lines
56 KiB
XML
489 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C6A7AFCE83BDDB845A1B250F40D81D50">Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the elasmobranchs and bony fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) of the lower-to-middle Eocene (Ypresian to Bartonian) Claiborne Group in Alabama, USA, including an analysis of otoliths</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD9CE1682947CB569AB129E7E559F036">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D42DF3BBC295456DE341599BA23C569">Cicimurri, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="58818BF381A6BEFC03866DB3DE61415D">Stringer, Gary L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="CF57D5CD3F0E660658F47924DABFA613">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFECFFC6FDD89B03495E0B66" box="[542,1045,1079,1106]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FDD89B03495E0B66" blockId="105.[542,1045,1079,1142]" box="[542,1045,1079,1106]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FDD89B034F660B66" bold="true" box="[542,557,1079,1105]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">“</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FDEB9B03495E0B66" authority="(Jaekel, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[557,1045,1079,1106]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FDEB9B034F8D0B66" bold="true" box="[557,710,1079,1106]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FDEB9B034FF30B65" bold="true" box="[557,696,1079,1106]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
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”
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FD0B9B034E230B65" bold="true" box="[717,872,1079,1106]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">bruxelliensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FCB19B0349460B66" author="Jaekel O." box="[887,1037,1079,1105]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref143751" refString="Jaekel O. 1894. Die eocanen Selachier vom Monte Bolca: ein Beitrag zur Morphogenie der Wirbelthiere / von Otto Jaekel. J. Springer, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8458" type="book" year="1894">Jaekel, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFECFFC6FD369B684E080B41" box="[752,835,1116,1142]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FD369B684E080B41" blockId="105.[542,1045,1079,1142]" box="[752,835,1116,1142]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFECFFC6FD369B684E080B41" box="[752,835,1116,1142]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[189,232,1756,1782]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,978,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@106.[189,1398,968,1724]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 38.“Rhinobatos” bruxelliensis(Jaekel, 1894), teeth.A–D. MSC 35787.1, lowerTallahatta Formation. A. Orolingual view. B. Profile view. C. Basal view. D. Labial view. E–H. MSC 35787.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. E. Orolingual view. F. Profile view. G. Basal view. H. Labial view. I–L. MSC 37315.1, basal Lisbon Formation. I. Orolingual view. J. Profile view. K. Basal view. L. Labial view. M–P. MSC 37315.2, basal Lisbon Formation. M. Orolingual view. N. Profile view. O. Basal view. P. Labial view. Q–T. MSC 37550.1, male tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Orolingual view. R. Profile view. S. Basal view. T. Labial view. U–X. MSC 37550.2, basal Gosport Sand. U. Orolingual view. V. Profile view. W. Basal view. X. Labial view. Labial at top in basal views. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660331/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFECFFC6FF7B9B944E930A5A" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9B944FB20B8D" blockId="105.[189,761,1183,1210]" box="[189,761,1183,1210]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FF7B9B944FE20B8D" authority="Jaekel, 1894: 77" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1894" box="[189,681,1183,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinobatus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B9B944CAB0B8D" box="[189,480,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rhinobatus bruxelliensis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFECFFC6FE219BAB4FE20B8D" author="Jaekel O." box="[487,681,1183,1210]" page="77" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FE219BAB4FE20B8D" author="Jaekel O." box="[487,681,1183,1210]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" refId="ref143751" refString="Jaekel O. 1894. Die eocanen Selachier vom Monte Bolca: ein Beitrag zur Morphogenie der Wirbelthiere / von Otto Jaekel. J. Springer, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8458" type="book" year="1894">Jaekel, 1894: 77</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 8.
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||
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9BD74E320BCA" blockId="105.[189,984,1251,1389]" box="[189,889,1251,1278]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFECFFC6FF7B9BD74E320BCA" box="[189,889,1251,1278]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FF7B9BD74FAD0BC9" authority="- Cappetta 1976: 564" authorityName="Cappetta" authorityPageNumber="564" authorityYear="1976" box="[189,742,1251,1278]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B9BD74CAB0BCA" box="[189,480,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rhinobatos bruxelliensis</emphasis>
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–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFECFFC6FE3B9BD74FAD0BC9" author="Cappetta H." box="[509,742,1251,1278]" page="564" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FE3B9BD74FAD0BC9" author="Cappetta H." box="[509,742,1251,1278]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="551 - 575" refId="ref137622" refString="Cappetta H. 1976. Selaciens nouveaux du London Clay de l'Essex (Ypresien du Bassin de Londres). Geobios 9 (5): 551 - 575. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (76) 80024 - 1" type="journal article" year="1976">Cappetta 1976: 564</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, pl. 4, fig. 7.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9A3C4F800A15" blockId="105.[189,984,1251,1389]" box="[189,715,1288,1314]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFECFFC6FF7B9A3C4F800A15" box="[189,715,1288,1314]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FF7B9A3C4C200A15" authority="Holman & Case 1988" authorityName="Holman & Case" authorityYear="1988" box="[189,363,1288,1314]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. cf. g. falconeri">
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||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B9A3C4C080A15" box="[189,323,1288,1314]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
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sp.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFECFFC6FE4F9A3C4F8C0A15" author="Holman J. A. & Case G. R." box="[393,711,1288,1314]" page="328" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FE4F9A3C4F8C0A15" author="Holman J. A. & Case G. R." box="[393,711,1288,1314]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="328 - 333" refId="ref143500" refString="Holman J. A. & Case G. R. 1988. Reptiles from the Eocene Tallahatta Formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 (3): 328 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1988.10011716" type="journal article" year="1988">Holman & Case 1988: 328</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9A194FA90A70" blockId="105.[189,984,1251,1389]" box="[189,738,1325,1351]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFECFFC6FF7B9A194FA90A70" box="[189,738,1325,1351]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FF7B9A194C2E0A70" authorityName="Blainville" authorityYear="1825" box="[189,357,1325,1351]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinopristiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sp. cf. g. falconeri">
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||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B9A194C770A70" box="[189,316,1325,1351]" italics="true" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Rhinobatis</emphasis>
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sp.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFECFFC6FE449A194F950A70" author="Feldmann R. & Portell R. W." box="[386,734,1325,1351]" page="90" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FE449A194F950A70" author="Feldmann R. & Portell R. W." box="[386,734,1325,1351]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="90 - 96" refId="ref141775" refString="Feldmann R. M & Portell R. W. 2007. First report of Costacopluma Collins and Morris, 1975 (Decopoda, Brachyura, Retroplumidae) from the Eocene of Alabama, USA. Journal of Crustacean Biology 27 (1): 90 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / S- 2712.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Feldmann & Portell 2007: 90</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9A664E930A5A" blockId="105.[189,984,1251,1389]" box="[189,984,1362,1389]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B0AEDB79FFECFFC6FF7B9A664E930A5A" box="[189,984,1362,1389]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFECFFC6FF019A664C7A0A5B" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[199,305,1362,1388]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pristidae</taxonomicName>
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||
oral teeth?” –
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="111FDA46FFECFFC6FE1B9A664E5D0A5B" author="Cappetta H. & Case G. R." box="[477,790,1362,1388]" page="62" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" year="2016">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFECFFC6FE1B9A664E5D0A5B" author="Cappetta H. & Case G. R." box="[477,790,1362,1388]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. & Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta & Case 2016: 62</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 10, figs 5–8.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFECFFC6FF7B9AA1480F0967" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9AA14CE10A98" blockId="105.[189,426,1429,1455]" box="[189,426,1429,1455]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<heading id="CB494B3BFFECFFC6FF7B9AA14CE10A98" bold="true" box="[189,426,1429,1455]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B9AA14CE10A98" bold="true" box="[189,426,1429,1455]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B9AF2480F0967" blockId="105.[189,1399,1477,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
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<materialsCitation id="20D6F60AFFECFFC6FF7B9AF248740967" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2564780014" collectionCode="ALMNH, MSC, WSU" country="United States of America" location="Claiborne Group" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" specimenCode="MSC 35787.1, 3, MSC 37315.1, 2, MSC 37550.1, 9, MSC 37670.1, MSC 37689.1, 8, MSC 37903.1, MSC37903.2, WSU 10, CC 445, CC 505, WSU 5049" specimenCount="37" stateProvince="Alabama">
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<collectingCountry id="E8A9BCC7FFECFFC6FF7B9AF24F270AD7" box="[189,620,1478,1504]" name="United States of America" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FD5D9AF14E460AE8" bold="true" box="[667,781,1477,1503]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
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<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFECFFC6FD5D9AF14E460AE8" box="[667,781,1477,1503]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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</emphasis>
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||
• 68 isolated teeth;
|
||
<location id="9561AA8CFFECFFC6FBE29AF149B30AD7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:18174D41FFECFFC4FDD89B034E940C68:9561AA8CFFECFFC6FBE29AF149B30AD7" box="[1060,1272,1477,1504]" country="United States of America" name="Claiborne Group" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" stateProvince="Alabama">Claiborne Group</location>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FACD9AF2483C0AD7" box="[1291,1399,1478,1504]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
PV1993.7.490 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFECFFC6FEBC9ADE4F590931" box="[378,530,1514,1542]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FDEE9ADF4F980932" box="[552,723,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FDEE9ADF4F2D0932" box="[552,614,1515,1541]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
35787.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FD259ADE4FA40932" box="[739,751,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">3</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FD389ADF4EE30932" box="[766,936,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FD389ADF4E770932" box="[766,828,1515,1541]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37315.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FC7E9ADE4E8D0932" box="[952,966,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FC129ADF49350932" box="[980,1150,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FC129ADF49590932" box="[980,1042,1515,1541]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37550.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FB489ADE49D70932" box="[1166,1180,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">9</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FB6C9ADF481F0933" box="[1194,1364,1514,1541]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FB6C9ADF49A30932" box="[1194,1256,1515,1541]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37670.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FAA29ADE48390933" box="[1380,1394,1514,1540]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FF7B99244C29091D" box="[189,354,1552,1578]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FF7B99244DB0091D" box="[189,251,1552,1578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37689.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FEB499244C35091D" box="[370,382,1552,1578]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">8</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FE4199244C8E091D" box="[391,453,1552,1578]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37902,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FDD899244F89091D" box="[542,706,1552,1578]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FDD899244F17091D" box="[542,604,1552,1578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37903.1
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FD1799244F94091D" box="[721,735,1552,1578]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">2</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FD2E99244EC0091D" box="[744,907,1552,1578]" collectionCode="MSC" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15587" name="Michigan State University" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FD2E99244E6D091D" box="[744,806,1552,1578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37903.2
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FC5299244EF3091D" box="[916,952,1552,1578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SC</collectionCode>
|
||
2012.47.1,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FBFF99244917091D" box="[1081,1116,1552,1578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SC</collectionCode>
|
||
2012.47.2,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FB1B9924484B091D" box="[1245,1280,1552,1578]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">SC</collectionCode>
|
||
2012.47.3 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFECFFC6FF0399014C210967" box="[197,362,1589,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FEBB99014CAD0978" box="[381,486,1589,1615]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FEBB99014CF50978" box="[381,446,1589,1615]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">WSU</collectionCode>
|
||
10
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FE3799014F790978" box="[497,562,1589,1615]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">WSU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FDFC99014FDC0978" box="[570,663,1588,1615]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">CC 445</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FD6599014FAF0978" box="[675,740,1589,1615]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">WSU</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FD2D99014E0D0978" box="[747,838,1588,1615]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">CC 505</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFECFFC6FC9099014EA70967" box="[854,1004,1589,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCode id="C018542CFFECFFC6FC39990149C90978" box="[1023,1154,1588,1615]" collectionCode="WSU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1raa-g3is" name="Weber State University, Bird and Mammal Collection" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFECFFC6FC399901490B0978" box="[1023,1088,1589,1615]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">WSU</collectionCode>
|
||
5049
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="86B837DEFFECFFC6FB54990148730967" box="[1170,1336,1589,1616]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFECFFC6FF7B994C49E008DC" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B994C4C0509A5" blockId="105.[189,334,1656,1682]" box="[189,334,1656,1682]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFECFFC6FF7B994C4C0509A5" bold="true" box="[189,334,1656,1682]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFECFFC6FF7B994C4C0509A5" bold="true" box="[189,334,1656,1682]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFECFFC6FF7B999C49E008DC" blockId="105.[189,1399,1704,2027]" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Teeth extremely small, most not exceeding
|
||
<quantity id="574651B2FFECFFC6FD14999C4E5109F4" box="[722,794,1704,1731]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in mesiodistal width. Crown has weakly convex, smooth labial face with broadly convex crown foot. Lingual face bearing three uvulae, separated by a transverse crest of varying lengths. Medial lingual uvula is most prominent; being narrow and elongated towards the succeeding tooth. Lateral uvulae are much shorter and divergent. Uvulae extend onto upper surface of root and have rounded extremities. Faint longitudinal ridge may be present on medial uvula. Most teeth lack cusps; some have taller, more cuspidate crown (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="0885E0D2FFECFFC6FBCA9855492E084B" box="[1036,1125,1889,1916]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[189,232,1756,1782]" captionTargetBox="[199,1388,978,1709]" captionTargetId="figure@106.[189,1398,968,1724]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 38.“Rhinobatos” bruxelliensis(Jaekel, 1894), teeth.A–D. MSC 35787.1, lowerTallahatta Formation. A. Orolingual view. B. Profile view. C. Basal view. D. Labial view. E–H. MSC 35787.2, lower Tallahatta Formation. E. Orolingual view. F. Profile view. G. Basal view. H. Labial view. I–L. MSC 37315.1, basal Lisbon Formation. I. Orolingual view. J. Profile view. K. Basal view. L. Labial view. M–P. MSC 37315.2, basal Lisbon Formation. M. Orolingual view. N. Profile view. O. Basal view. P. Labial view. Q–T. MSC 37550.1, male tooth, basal Gosport Sand. Q. Orolingual view. R. Profile view. S. Basal view. T. Labial view. U–X. MSC 37550.2, basal Gosport Sand. U. Orolingual view. V. Profile view. W. Basal view. X. Labial view. Labial at top in basal views. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660331/files/figure.png" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
Q–T). Root positioned lingually under the crown. Root T-shaped in basal view. Lateral root extremities project below the lateral crown uvulae. Prominent nutritive groove extends labiolingually across the root base. Nutritive foramen present within nutritive groove; additional foramina often visible on lingual root face.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFEFFFC4FF7B9E3F482E0D68" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEFFFC5FF7B9E3F4C640E12" blockId="106.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFEFFFC5FF7B9E3F4C640E12" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B9E3F4C640E12" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEFFFC5FF7B9E0D49790D59" blockId="106.[189,1399,313,622]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FF309E0D4C370E64" box="[246,380,313,339]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF309E0D4C370E64" box="[246,380,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth in our sample are conspecific with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FC2C9E0D4C4A0E40" authority="(Jaekel, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC2C9E0D485A0E64" box="[1002,1297,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos bruxelliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FAE29E0D4DB20E40" author="Jaekel O." pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref143751" refString="Jaekel O. 1894. Die eocanen Selachier vom Monte Bolca: ein Beitrag zur Morphogenie der Wirbelthiere / von Otto Jaekel. J. Springer, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8458" type="book" year="1894">Jaekel, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that the lateral uvulae are divergent, with the medial uvula being more pronounced than the lateral ones, and the uvulae all have rounded extremities. The teeth also have a characteristic apical transverse ridge that separates the crown into labial and lingual faces.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FBE49E97480A0E8A" author="Holman J. A. & Case G. R." box="[1058,1345,419,445]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="328 - 333" refId="ref143500" refString="Holman J. A. & Case G. R. 1988. Reptiles from the Eocene Tallahatta Formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 (3): 328 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1988.10011716" type="journal article" year="1988">Holman & Case (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FF7B9EF24CB30ED7" author="Feldmann R. & Portell R. W." box="[189,504,454,480]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="90 - 96" refId="ref141775" refString="Feldmann R. M & Portell R. W. 2007. First report of Costacopluma Collins and Morris, 1975 (Decopoda, Brachyura, Retroplumidae) from the Eocene of Alabama, USA. Journal of Crustacean Biology 27 (1): 90 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / S- 2712.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Feldmann & Portell (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
each reported specimens they assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FC239EF249200ED7" box="[997,1131,454,480]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC239EF249200ED7" box="[997,1131,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from the contact of the Tallahatta and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEFFFC5FE539EDD4CAD0D34" box="[405,486,489,515]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
formations at site ACov-11. Although these specimens were not examined as part of this study, our sample included numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FD329D394E310D10" box="[756,890,525,551]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FD329D394E310D10" box="[756,890,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected from the same locality, all of which fall within the morphological range of
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FCD89D054E960D7D" box="[798,989,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FCD89D054E920D7D" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[798,985,560,586]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">R. bruxelliensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This suggests the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FB7E9D044C470D5A" author="Holman J. A. & Case G. R." pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="328 - 333" refId="ref143500" refString="Holman J. A. & Case G. R. 1988. Reptiles from the Eocene Tallahatta Formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 (3): 328 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1988.10011716" type="journal article" year="1988">Holman & Case (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FE829D674FC80D5A" author="Feldmann R. & Portell R. W." box="[324,643,595,621]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="90 - 96" refId="ref141775" refString="Feldmann R. M & Portell R. W. 2007. First report of Costacopluma Collins and Morris, 1975 (Decopoda, Brachyura, Retroplumidae) from the Eocene of Alabama, USA. Journal of Crustacean Biology 27 (1): 90 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / S- 2712.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Feldmann & Portell (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
specimens also belong to this taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEFFFC4FF7B9DA14CEE0E5B" blockId="106.[189,1399,660,898]" lastBlockId="107.[189,1399,267,365]" lastPageId="107" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FF7B9DA14C960D98" author="Cappetta H. & Case G. R." box="[189,477,660,687]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. & Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta & Case (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
figured four specimens (pl. 10, 5–8) from the ACov-11 locality that have the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FF7B9D8C4C320DE5" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[189,377,696,722]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B9D8C4C320DE5" box="[189,377,696,722]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">R. bruxelliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology. These authors, however, questioned the identification of the teeth as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FF7B9DEF4C080DC2" box="[189,323,731,757]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B9DEF4C080DC2" box="[189,323,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting instead they belong to a member of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FC049DEF49B00DC2" authority="Bonaparte, 1838" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[962,1275,731,757]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pristidae Bonaparte, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although teeth of these two taxa are similar,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FD999DCA4E340C2E" author="Cappetta H. & Case G. R." box="[607,895,766,793]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref137973" refString="Cappetta H. & Case G. R. 2016. A selachian fauna from the middle Eocene (Lutetian, Lisbon Formation) of Andalusia, Covington County, Alabama, USA. Palaeontographica Abteilung A 307 (1 - 6): 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="2016">Cappetta & Case (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
appear to argue for a pristid identification simply because their sample included numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FD329C164E9E0C0C" authority="Linck, 1790" authorityName="Linck" authorityYear="1790" box="[756,981,801,827]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" genus="Pristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FD329C164E0A0C0C" box="[756,833,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pristis</emphasis>
|
||
Linck, 1790
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rostral spines, but otherwise lacked
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FF7B9C714C410C69" authorityName="Linck" authorityYear="1790" box="[189,266,837,862]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" genus="Pristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B9C714C410C69" box="[189,266,837,862]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Pristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
oral teeth. This interpretation seems problematic, as teeth of very similar morphology, identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FF1B9C5C4C280CB5" box="[221,355,872,898]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF1B9C5C4C280CB5" box="[221,355,872,898]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been reported from Cretaceous strata, a time well before the first occurrence of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FF7B9E3F4C6F0E12" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[189,292,267,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pristidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Paleogene (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEEFFC4FDEF9E3F4F930E12" author="Cappetta H." box="[553,728,267,293]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref137948" refString="Cappetta H. 2012. Chondrichthyes (Mesozoic and Cenozoic Elasmobranchii, Teeth). Handbook of Palaeoichthyology. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, Munchen." type="book" year="2012">Cappetta 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FC4A9E384E920E12" authorityName="Linck" authorityYear="1790" box="[908,985,268,293]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" genus="Pristis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FC4A9E384E920E12" box="[908,985,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Pristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth have a very elongated medial lingual uvula but lack lateral uvulae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEEFFC4FDB79E1B4EF70E7D" author="Carrillo-Briceno J. D. & Maxwell E. & Aguilera O. A. & Sanchez R. & Sanchez-Villagra M. R." box="[625,956,303,330]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="0139230" refId="ref138269" refString="Carrillo-Briceno J. D., Maxwell E., Aguilera O. A., Sanchez R. & Sanchez-Villagra M. R. 2015. Sawfishes and other elasmobranch assemblages from the Mio-Pliocene of the South Caribbean (Urumaco Sequence, northwestern Venezuela). PLOS One 10 (10): e 0139230. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0139230" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Carrillo-Briceño
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FCFA9E044E3C0E7E" box="[828,887,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEEFFC4FC019E1B494D0E7D" author="Carrillo-Briceno J. D. & Aguilera O. A. & De Gracia C. & Aguirre-Fernandez G. & Kindlimann R. & Villagra M. R." box="[967,1030,303,330]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" refId="ref138340" refString="Carrillo-Briceno J. D., Aguilera O. A., De Gracia C., Aguirre-Fernandez G., Kindlimann R. & Sanchez- Villagra M. R. 2016. An early Neogene elasmobranch fauna from the southern Caribbean (western Venezuela). Palaeontologia Electronica 10948074. https: // doi. org / 10.26879 / 664" type="journal volume" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is inconsistent with the teeth in our sample.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4C1ACDFFFEFFFC5FF7B99E84EBA08DA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3660331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3660331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3660331/files/figure.png" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" startId="106.[189,232,1756,1782]" targetBox="[199,1388,978,1709]" targetPageId="106">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEFFFC5FF7B99E84EBA08DA" blockId="106.[189,1399,1756,2029]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B99E84C5D09C1" bold="true" box="[189,278,1756,1782]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Fig. 38.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FEE099E84CE709C1" box="[294,428,1756,1782]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FEE099E84CE709C1" box="[294,428,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEFFFC5FE7B99E84FB709C0" authority="(Jaekel, 1894)" authorityName="Jaekel" authorityYear="1894" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[445,764,1756,1783]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FE7B99E84F1809C1" box="[445,595,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">bruxelliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEFFFC5FD9899E84FB909C0" author="Jaekel O." box="[606,754,1756,1783]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" refId="ref143751" refString="Jaekel O. 1894. Die eocanen Selachier vom Monte Bolca: ein Beitrag zur Morphogenie der Wirbelthiere / von Otto Jaekel. J. Springer, Berlin. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8458" type="book" year="1894">Jaekel, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC8E99E84ECA09C1" bold="true" box="[840,897,1756,1782]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEFFFC5FC4A99E94E8109C0" box="[908,970,1757,1783]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
35787.1, lower Tallahatta Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B99CB4D99082E" bold="true" box="[189,210,1791,1817]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Orolingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FE6E98344CF7082D" bold="true" box="[424,444,1792,1818]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FDA799CB4F3D082E" bold="true" box="[609,630,1791,1817]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FCC898344E68082D" bold="true" box="[782,803,1792,1818]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC0398344EB5082D" bold="true" box="[965,1022,1792,1818]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">E–H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEFFFC5FBCD98344902082D" box="[1035,1097,1792,1818]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
35787.2, lower Tallahatta Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FE8F98174C16080A" bold="true" box="[329,349,1827,1853]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Orolingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FD8698174F19080A" bold="true" box="[576,594,1827,1853]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FCC398174E57080A" bold="true" box="[773,796,1827,1853]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC0498174E92080A" bold="true" box="[962,985,1827,1853]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FB4E981749FD080A" bold="true" box="[1160,1206,1827,1853]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">I–L</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEFFFC5FB019817484E080A" box="[1223,1285,1827,1853]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37315.1, basal Lisbon Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FE2498724CA60857" bold="true" box="[482,493,1862,1888]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Orolingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FD0E98724F9C0857" bold="true" box="[712,727,1862,1888]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC4698724EDC0857" bold="true" box="[896,919,1862,1888]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">K</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FBF2987249030857" bold="true" box="[1076,1096,1862,1888]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">L</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FB28987248610857" bold="true" box="[1262,1322,1862,1888]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">M–P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEFFFC5FAFE9872483D0857" box="[1336,1398,1862,1888]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37315.2, basal Lisbon Formation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FD95985D4F2408B4" bold="true" box="[595,623,1897,1923]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">M</emphasis>
|
||
. Orolingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC8A985D4E2A08B4" bold="true" box="[844,865,1897,1923]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">N</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FBC8985D496E08B4" bold="true" box="[1038,1061,1897,1923]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">O</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FB02985D499D08B4" bold="true" box="[1220,1238,1897,1923]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">P</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B98B84DBD0891" bold="true" box="[189,246,1932,1958]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Q–T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEFFFC5FEC598B94C0A0890" box="[259,321,1933,1959]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37550.1, male tooth, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FCED98B84E090891" bold="true" box="[811,834,1932,1958]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Q</emphasis>
|
||
. Orolingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FBDE98B949660890" bold="true" box="[1048,1069,1933,1959]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">R</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FB1598B849A80891" bold="true" box="[1235,1251,1932,1958]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">S</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FF7B98844D9A08FD" bold="true" box="[189,209,1968,1994]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">T</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FEB398844CE508FD" bold="true" box="[373,430,1968,1994]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">U–X</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F6AF6492FFEFFFC5FE7A98844CB108FD" box="[444,506,1968,1994]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">MSC</collectionCode>
|
||
37550.2, basal Gosport Sand.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FC9998844E3F08FD" bold="true" box="[863,884,1968,1994]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">U</emphasis>
|
||
. Orolingual view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FB8B9884492908FD" bold="true" box="[1101,1122,1968,1994]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">V</emphasis>
|
||
. Profile view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FACC9884486C08FD" bold="true" box="[1290,1319,1968,1994]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">W</emphasis>
|
||
. Basal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEFFFC5FEC598E74C5308DA" bold="true" box="[259,280,2003,2029]" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">X</emphasis>
|
||
. Labial view. Labial at top in basal views. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEEFFC4FF7B9EA0482E0D68" blockId="107.[189,1399,404,607]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
We do concur that the teeth of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FDBD9EA04E5A0E99" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[635,785,404,430]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FDBD9EA04E5A0E99" box="[635,785,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">bruxelliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology are dissimilar to those of the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FF7B9E834C080EE6" box="[189,323,439,465]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FF7B9E834C080EE6" box="[189,323,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the tooth morphology of living and fossil rhinobatid species should be reviewed. Recent phylogenetic studies have shown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FD5A9EEF4E690EC2" box="[668,802,475,501]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FD5A9EEF4E690EC2" box="[668,802,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be paraphyletic (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEEFFC4FBF09EEF48460EC2" author="Naylor G. J. P. & Caira J. N. & Jensen K. & Rosana K. A. M. & Straube N. & Lakner C." box="[1078,1293,475,501]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="31 - 56" refId="ref147251" refString="Naylor G. J. P., Caira J. N., Jensen K., Rosana K. A. M., Straube N. & Lakner C. 2012. Elasmobranch phylogeny, a mitochondrial estimate based on 595 Species. In: Carrier J. C., Musick J. A. & Heithaus R. M. (eds) Biology of Sharks and their Relatives, Edition 2: 31 - 56. CRC Press, Boca Raton." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Naylor
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FB489EE849830EC2" box="[1166,1224,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F42F81A6FFEEFFC4FADE9EEF4C0D0D2F" author="Claeson K. M. & Underwood C. J. & Ward D. J." pageId="107" pageNumber="108" pagination="1019 - 1036" refId="ref139840" refString="Claeson K. M., Underwood C. J. & Ward D. J. 2013. † Tingitanius tenuimandibulus, a new platyrhinid batoid from the Turonian (Cretaceous) of Morocco and the Cretaceous radiation of the Platyrhinidae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 (5): 1019 - 1036. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2013.767266" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Claeson
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FF7B9ECB4DB70D2F" box="[189,252,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), calling into question the placement of fossil and living species within this genus, and casting doubt that they can all be placed into the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FC809D154EAD0D0C" box="[838,998,545,571]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thus, we provisionally assign the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FF7B9D714C180D68" baseAuthorityName="Jaekel" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[189,339,581,607]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bruxelliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FF7B9D714C180D68" box="[189,339,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">bruxelliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
teeth in our sample to “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FDAB9D714FB80D68" box="[621,755,581,607]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" genus="Rhinobatos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FDAB9D714FB80D68" box="[621,755,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Rhinobatos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and place them tentatively within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FB069D71482B0D68" box="[1216,1376,581,607]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Rhinobatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinobatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFEEFFC4FF7B9DB2491D0C21" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEEFFC4FF7B9DB24E5F0D97" blockId="107.[189,788,646,673]" box="[189,788,646,673]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<heading id="CB494B3BFFEEFFC4FF7B9DB24E5F0D97" bold="true" box="[189,788,646,673]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2CA2045FFEEFFC4FF7B9DB24E5F0D97" bold="true" box="[189,788,646,673]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Stratigraphic and geographic range in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEEFFC4FD649DB24E5F0D97" box="[674,788,646,672]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEEFFC4FF7B9D81491D0C21" blockId="107.[189,1399,693,791]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The specimens in our sample were collected from the lower Tallahatta Formation at site ADl-1, the basal
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEEFFC4FF7B9DED4C450DC4" box="[189,270,729,755]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACov-11, the “upper”
|
||
<collectingRegion id="527A32B5FFEEFFC4FD369DED4E0A0DC4" box="[752,833,729,755]" country="Portugal" name="Lisboa" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">Lisbon</collectingRegion>
|
||
Formation at site ACh-8, and the basal Gosport Sand at site ACl-4. Upper Ypresian to middle Bartonian, zones NP14 to NP17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8A4AFDCFFEEFFC4FD939C714E940C68" box="[597,991,837,864]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="9001FC57FFEEFFC4FD939C714E940C68" blockId="107.[597,991,837,864]" box="[597,991,837,864]" pageId="107" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57BE87D4FFEEFFC4FD699C714E940C68" authority="Bonaparte, 1838" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1838" box="[687,991,837,864]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Pristidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pristiformes" pageId="107" pageNumber="108" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pristidae Bonaparte, 1838</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |