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<mods:title id="874E285D8915BECDC766817B59613CCE">New Taxa and Occurrences of Mesophotic and Deep-sea Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) from Okinawa and adjacent regions</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="17404C120F51DD536D012D2C302B23BF">Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4 - 1 - 1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 - 0005, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="C16681B6FFA2FFA6FF0EFE127E5B15A5" bold="true" box="[151,552,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA2FFA6FF0EFE127E5B15A5" ID-CoL="6JPP4" authority="H. L. Clark 1921" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,552,439,466]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFE127E5B15A5" bold="true" box="[151,552,439,466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFE127D2615A6" bold="true" box="[151,341,439,466]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fromia elegans</emphasis>
H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FE04FE127E5B15A5" author="Clark, H. L." box="[413,552,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17756" refString="Clark, H. L. (1921) The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 214. Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institute. Vol. 10. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., vi + 223 pp., 38 pls." type="book" year="1921">Clark 1921</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFE7E7D361581" blockId="10.[151,552,439,501]" box="[151,325,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA2FFA6FF0EFE7E7D361581" box="[151,325,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-70@11.[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fromia elegans USNM E45992 A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing abactinal plates. C. Lateral view showing marginal plate characters. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, D=4.0 mm; B-C=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561590/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 4AE</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA2FFA6FF0EFD857E7D164C" author="Clark, H. L." box="[151,526,544,568]" page="43" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1921">
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA2FFA6FF0EFD857E7D164C" ID-CoL="6JPP4" authority="H. L. Clark 1921: 43" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="43" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,526,544,568]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFD857D45164C" box="[151,310,544,568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fromia elegans</emphasis>
H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FEEBFD857E7D164C" author="Clark, H. L." box="[370,526,544,568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17756" refString="Clark, H. L. (1921) The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 214. Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institute. Vol. 10. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., vi + 223 pp., 38 pls." type="book" year="1921">Clark 1921: 43</bibRefCitation>
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; 1923: 240; A.H. Clark 1949: 74; A.M.
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA2FFA6FC3CFD85783D164C" author="Clark, A. M." box="[933,1102,543,568]" page="189" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FC3CFD85783D164C" author="Clark, A. M." box="[933,1102,543,568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="169 - 198" refId="ref17471" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 27517" type="journal article" year="1967">Clark 1967: 189</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA2FFA6FBC1FD8579231643" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1112,1360,543,568]" page="62" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FBC1FD8579231643" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[1112,1360,543,568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17578" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-West Pacific Echinoderms. British Museum (Natural History) Publications 690. British Museum (Natural History), London, ix + 238 pp., 31 pls." type="book" year="1971">Clark &amp; Rowe 1971: 62</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="1B3010CBFFA2FFA6FAC2FD857D431622" author="Marsh, L. M." page="257" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FAC2FD857D431622" author="Marsh, L. M." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="251 - 281" refId="ref19938" refString="Marsh, L. M. (1977) Coral Reef Asteroids of Palau, Caroline Islands. Micronesica, 13 (2), 251 - 281." type="journal article" year="1977">Marsh 1977: 257</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<heading id="C16681B6FFA2FFA6FF0EFD0D7D6316B6" bold="true" box="[151,272,680,706]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFD0D7D6316B6" bold="true" box="[151,272,680,706]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFD557FC4175A" blockId="10.[151,1437,752,995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Body strongly stellate (
<collectionCode id="FC80AE1FFFA2FFA6FE04FD547DC3177F" box="[413,432,753,779]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R</collectionCode>
/r=3.54.0), arms elongate, disk small to broad, interradial arcs acute (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA2FFA6FB5AFD55796D177F" box="[1219,1310,752,779]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-70@11.[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fromia elegans USNM E45992 A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing abactinal plates. C. Lateral view showing marginal plate characters. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, D=4.0 mm; B-C=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561590/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Abactinal plates acutely different sized plates, variably wide to irregular in shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF5EFC9D7E071797" blockId="10.[151,1437,752,995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA2FFA6FF56FC9D7D3A1727" box="[207,329,824,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-70@11.[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fromia elegans USNM E45992 A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing abactinal plates. C. Lateral view showing marginal plate characters. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, D=4.0 mm; B-C=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561590/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4AB</figureCitation>
) and more heterogeneous plates distally. Plates weakly convex. Abactinal, marginal plates covered by granules. Marginal plates in regular series, relatively homogeneous in size, (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA2FFA6FB89FCF978141703" box="[1040,1127,860,887]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-70@11.[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fromia elegans USNM E45992 A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing abactinal plates. C. Lateral view showing marginal plate characters. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, D=4.0 mm; B-C=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561590/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
) shape, quadrate, gradually decreasing in size distally. Actinal granules triangular in cross-section. Papulae single, present between abactinal, marginal and actinal plates. Furrow spines two, subambulacral spines two with granules on adambulacral plates similar to those on actinal plates (
<figureCitation id="02AA2A5FFFA2FFA6FD89FC6D7E1B1797" box="[528,616,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1730,1754]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-70@11.[151,1435,273,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Fromia elegans USNM E45992 A. Abactinal surface. B. Closeup showing abactinal plates. C. Lateral view showing marginal plate characters. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar: A, D=4.0 mm; B-C=1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10561590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10561590/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<heading id="C16681B6FFA2FFA6FF0EFB917D6D103A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1076,1102]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFB917D6D103A" bold="true" box="[151,286,1076,1102]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFBD97FD410CF" blockId="10.[151,1436,1148,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This account retains
<taxonomicName id="5D914D59FFA2FFA6FE1EFBD87E4910E2" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1921" box="[391,570,1148,1174]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FE1EFBD87E4910E2" box="[391,570,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fromia elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid species, following A.M.
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FC4FFBD9781F10E3" author="Clark, A. M." box="[982,1132,1148,1175]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="187 - 366" refId="ref17534" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea. Part 2: Valvatida. E chinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003072553 - 4" type="journal article" year="1993">Clark (1993)</bibRefCitation>
. Specimens studied herein were most consistent with descriptions outlined by H.L.
<bibRefCitation id="FE004B2BFFA2FFA6FC89FB057FD710CF" author="Clark, H. L." box="[784,932,1184,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17756" refString="Clark, H. L. (1921) The echinoderm fauna of Torres Strait: its composition and its origin. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication No. 214. Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institute. Vol. 10. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D. C., vi + 223 pp., 38 pls." type="book" year="1921">Clark (1921)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA2FFA6FF0EFAA9790911E7" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFAA97D5A1152" blockId="10.[151,297,1292,1318]" box="[151,297,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA2FFA6FF0EFAA97D5A1152" bold="true" box="[151,297,1292,1318]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFAA97D5A1152" bold="true" box="[151,297,1292,1318]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Occurrence</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFAF1790911E7" blockId="10.[151,1402,1364,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFA2FFA6FF0EFAF17C8C111A" box="[151,255,1364,1390]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
, Ryukyu Islands,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FE5FFAF07E7A111B" box="[454,521,1365,1391]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FD8DFAF17E1F111B" box="[532,620,1364,1391]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="29.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="3.0">
3
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFA2FFA6FDA9FAF17E1F111B" box="[560,620,1364,1391]" count="55" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">55 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Outside
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FEBCFADC7D1B11E7" box="[293,360,1401,1427]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Torres Strait, North (Great Barrier Reef) and West
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FC30FADD786011E6" box="[937,1043,1400,1426]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FB87FADD78FD11E6" box="[1054,1166,1400,1426]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FB00FADD796811E6" box="[1177,1307,1400,1426]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FABCFADC790911E7" box="[1317,1402,1401,1427]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="0.0">017 m</quantity>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D28B6551FFA2FFA6FF0EFA417F00121F" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EFA417DF8118A" blockId="10.[151,395,1508,1534]" box="[151,395,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="C16681B6FFA2FFA6FF0EFA417DF8118A" bold="true" box="[151,395,1508,1534]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8E5EAC8FFA2FFA6FF0EFA417DF8118A" bold="true" box="[151,395,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material Examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A2E36DAFFA2FFA6FF0EF9887F00121F" blockId="10.[151,1437,1580,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="2AF93C87FFA2FFA6FF0EF9887F00121F" collectingDate="1989-04-30" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="R. F. Bolland" country="Japan" elevation="55" latitude="25.5067" location="Maeki-Zaki" longLatPrecision="50" longitude="127.877" municipality="Okinawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="USNM E 45992" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ryukyu Islands">
<specimenCode id="CA379EA1FFA2FFA6FF0EF9887D3E1233" box="[151,333,1580,1607]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM E 45992</specimenCode>
<locationDeviation id="8B9C2FF8FFA2FFA6FECDF9887DAC1233" bearing="67.5" box="[340,479,1580,1607]" distance="1300.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FECDF9887DD11232" box="[340,418,1580,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
ENE
</locationDeviation>
of
<location id="9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FD9CF9897EFF1232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA2FFA6FF0EFE127F00121F:9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FD9CF9897EFF1232" box="[517,652,1580,1606]" country="Japan" latitude="25.5067" longLatPrecision="50" longitude="127.877" municipality="Okinawa" name="Maeki-Zaki" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Ryukyu Islands">Maeki-Zaki</location>
,
<location id="9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FD0EF9897F3A1232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:123887CCFFA2FFA6FF0EFE127F00121F:9F4E6001FFA2FFA6FD0EF9897F3A1232" box="[663,841,1580,1606]" country="Japan" latitude="25.5067" longLatPrecision="50" longitude="127.877" municipality="Okinawa" name="Seragaki Beach" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Ryukyu Islands">Seragaki Beach</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="7A4AACA0FFA2FFA6FCCDF9897FCF1232" box="[852,956,1580,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Okinawa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="5855F838FFA2FFA6FC5EF989780B1232" box="[967,1144,1580,1606]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ryukyu Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E286764AFFA2FFA6FB1AF98878B51233" box="[1155,1222,1581,1607]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FFA5501DFFA2FFA6FB48F989795C1233" box="[1233,1327,1580,1607]" degrees="25.5067" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="5" value="25.5067">25.5067</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FFA5501DFFA2FFA6FAA3F98879EA1233" box="[1338,1433,1581,1607]" degrees="127.877" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55" value="127.877">127.877</geoCoordinate>
.
<quantity id="5D699B3FFFA2FFA6FF0EF9F57CA0121F" box="[151,211,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="55.0">
<elevation id="11BCD1E9FFA2FFA6FF0EF9F57CA0121F" box="[151,211,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="55.0">55 m</elevation>
</quantity>
. Coll.
<collectorName id="3764530CFFA2FFA6FE85F9F47DDF121E" box="[284,428,1616,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R.F. Bolland</collectorName>
,
<date id="EE2F101AFFA2FFA6FE21F9F47E25121F" box="[440,598,1616,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1989-04-30">
<collectingDate id="FE6BE9F2FFA2FFA6FE21F9F47E25121F" box="[440,598,1616,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1989-04-30">30 April 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="8C97FD53FFA2FFA6FDF8F9F47E1C121F" box="[609,623,1617,1643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</specimenCount>
dry spec. R=2.5 r=0.7.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>