281 lines
34 KiB
XML
281 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DA848B03F177ECE6D3E74B80507C0586">Integrative systematics illuminates the relationships in two sponge-associated hydrozoan families (Capitata: Sphaerocorynidae and Zancleopsidae)</mods:title>
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, pl. 17 fig. 40.
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Downloaded from Brill.com
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07:01:58
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<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFF9167DEE774FF57" box="[98,345,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Zancleopsis dichotoma</emphasis>
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.
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, fig. 105;
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(small form): 272, fig. 22.
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:
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035,
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,
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, polyps in ethanol and formalin. – Sample
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, off Florida,
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, medusa in ethanol and in situ photos. – Sample
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, off Florida,
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, medusa in ethanol and in situ photos. –S ample
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, off Florida,
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||
<date id="EE1F10508E25FF8EFE1E6566E473FDBF" box="[493,606,531,557]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" value="2019-11-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="FE5BE9B88E25FF8EFE1E6566E473FDBF" box="[493,606,531,557]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" value="2019-11-23">23/11/2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, medusa in ethanol and in situ photos
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E25FF8EFF72652EE4D9FB69" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E25FF8EFF72652EE799FA18" blockId="23.[98,610,315,1742]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFF72652EE768FDE6" box="[129,325,602,628]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Description: Polyp</emphasis>
|
||
. Colonies monomorphic, living in association with sponges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFDF6650BE47BFD0A" box="[517,598,638,664]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hydrorhiza tubular and covered by a thin perisarc, embedded by the sponge host. Pedicels short and completely embedded in the sponge host, unbranched, covered by a thin perisarc. Hydranth slightly pyriform, up to
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E25FF8EFDFD6447E44CFCDE" box="[526,609,818,844]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, with variable diameter (110–170 Μm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFDCD6423E685FC06" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hypostome proboscis-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFDF7640CE478FC06" box="[516,597,889,916]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles organised in two alternating whorls of 4–5 tentacles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFEDA64B4E75AFC4E" box="[297,375,961,988]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Each tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula (diameter: 60–100 Μm in the distal whorl; 40–50 Μm in the proximal whorl) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFE7E6358E7F3FBD5" box="[397,478,1069,1095]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tentacles about 260–400 Μm long in the distal whorl, shorter in the proximal whorl (about 150–220 Μm). Nematocyst clusters 50–100 Μm distant from one other. Living hydranths transparent. Desmonemes, microbasic euryteles, small and large stenoteles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFEE86271E7AAFA8D" box="[283,391,1284,1311]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">figs. 7D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) occurring simultaneously and concentrated in the capitula, as well as scattered in the hydrorhiza; microbasic euryteles also in the hydranth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E25FF8EFF7262E1E71FF95C" blockId="23.[98,610,315,1742]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFF7262E1E706FA3C" box="[129,299,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Polyp cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
. i) Desmonemes (undischarged: 7–9 × 4 Μm; discharged capsule: 6 × 3 Μm). ii) Microbasic euryteles (undischarged: 14–15 × 5–6 Μm; discharged capsule: 13–14 × 5–6 Μm; shaft: 17–20 Μm). iii) Large stenoteles (undischarged: 22–23 × 14–16 Μm; discharged capsule: 13 × 20 Μm). iv) Small stenoteles (undischarged: 9–10 × 6–7 Μm; discharged capsule: 7 × 9 Μm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E25FF8EFD5767DEE251FBD5" blockId="23.[645,1157,171,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFD5767DEE56DFF57" box="[676,832,171,197]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Adult medusa</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E25FF8EFC6567DEE49AFF7B" author="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R." pageId="23" pageNumber="510" pagination="237 - 356" refId="ref24399" refString="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R. (2021). Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream. Rev. Suisse Zool., 128, 237 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0049." type="journal article" year="2021">Schuchert & Collins, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, small form only). Total bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E25FF8EFD766786E4EBFE9C" box="[645,710,243,270]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 1/4 to 1/3 of the height taken by pointed apical process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFCB56662E592FEA3" box="[838,959,279,306]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
); umbrella bell-shaped to conical, relatively thick walls, with shallow interradial subumbrellar pockets, tip of apical process green. Manubrium height about half the subumbrellar height when gonads start to develop, pear-shaped, short tubular oral part, mouth rim with four perradial white regions, upper part of manubrium (stomach) ochre coloured, with about 10 longitudinal, shallow gonad folds, folds mostly adradial, irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFCAC650BE580FD0B" box="[863,941,638,665]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Radial canals not forming mesenteries, smooth. Tentacle bulbs all equally developed, almost spherical, placed adaxial of origin of tentacles, white or faintly yellow. Two long, opposite tentacles, much extendable/contractible, with up to 25 short, abaxial, side branches ending in capitula, size of capitula gradually increasing towards distal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="029A2A158E25FF8EFD2564E8E533FC2A" box="[726,798,925,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="24.[129,196,1310,1331]" captionTargetBox="[130,1187,165,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-77@24.[129,1188,164,1291]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 7 Zancleopsis dichotoma. A) Polyp from Singapore (fixed in formalin).B) Close-up of a polyp.C) Tentacle with terminal and sub-terminal capitula.D) Large stenoteles (ls), small stenoteles (ss), desmonemes (d), and microbasic euryteles (e). E) Discharged microbasic eurytele. F, G) Medusae.Details of the H) manubrium with gonads and I) tentacles.Scale bars: A-C) 0.1 mm; D, E) 5 Μm;F-I) ~ 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8343338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8343338/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The other tentacle pair very short, ending in spherical nematocyst knob. In young animals these short tentacles either missing or just beginning to develop. All tentacle bases with a red ocellus on abaxial side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E25FF8EFD576324E4D9FB69" blockId="23.[645,1157,171,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFD576324E585FBF9" box="[676,936,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Adult medusa cnidome</emphasis>
|
||
(preserved tissue). i) Desmonemes (8.5 × 5 µm). ii) Small stenoteles (18–21 × 14–17).iii) Larger stenoteles (24–26 × 22–23 µm). iv) Macrobasic euryteles (15–16 × 6–7 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E25FF8EFD576271E5F5FAD1" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E25FF8EFD576271E5F5FAD1" blockId="23.[645,1157,171,1706]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFD576271E505FA8C" box="[676,808,1284,1310]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Atlantic Ocean (Florida) and Indo-West Pacific (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E25FF8EFCA5625DE5E1FAD1" box="[854,972,1320,1347]" name="Singapore" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D2BB651B8E25FF81FD576239E7E4FA65" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="9A1E36908E25FF81FD576239E7E4FA65" blockId="23.[645,1157,171,1706]" lastBlockId="24.[129,640,1464,1527]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="511" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFD576239E52EFAF4" box="[676,771,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E25FF8EFCE36239E216FAF4" author="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R." box="[784,1083,1356,1382]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" pagination="237 - 356" refId="ref24399" refString="Schuchert, P. & Collins, R. (2021). Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream. Rev. Suisse Zool., 128, 237 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.35929 / RSZ. 0049." type="journal article" year="2021">Schuchert & Collins (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E25FF8EFD4D6204E57CFA18" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[702,849,1392,1418]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFD4D6204E57CFA18" box="[702,849,1392,1418]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
medusae were genetically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E25FF8EFCF562E1E55CFA3C" authorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Maggioni & Schuchert & Arrigoni & Hoeksema & Huang & Strona & Seveso & Berumen & Montalbetti & Collins & Galli & Montano" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[774,881,1428,1454]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cabela">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFCF562E1E55CFA3C" box="[774,881,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">A. cabela</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
polyps. However, they found two genetically divergent morphs, one smaller (bell height of
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E25FF8EFC2762A9E239FA64" box="[980,1044,1500,1526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and the other larger (bell height up to
|
||
<quantity id="5D599B758E25FF8EFC0B628AE26EF988" box="[1016,1091,1535,1562]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
). The small morph better agrees with the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E25FF8EFCDE613DE592F9F3" baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[813,959,1607,1633]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dichotoma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFCDE613DE592F9F3" box="[813,959,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Z. dichotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE304B618E25FF8EFC19613DE2ACF9F0" author="Mayer, A. G." box="[1002,1153,1608,1634]" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" pagination="13 - 82" refId="ref22135" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1900) Some medusae from the Tortugas, Florida. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 37, 13 - 82." type="journal article" year="1900">Mayer (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and it was here linked through genetic data to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E25FF8EFD5F61E5E502F938" box="[684,815,1680,1706]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Astrocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="23" pageNumber="510" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E25FF8EFD5F61E5E502F938" box="[684,815,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Astrocoryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like polyps from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E2B676008E25FF8EFBFC61FAE2ACF93B" box="[1039,1153,1679,1705]" name="Singapore" pageId="23" pageNumber="510">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, supporting the synonymisation of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E2AFF81FF7262A9E729FA64" box="[129,260,1500,1526]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Astrocoryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2AFF81FF7262A9E729FA64" box="[129,260,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Astrocoryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DA14D138E2AFF81FEB162A9E7EFFA64" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1907" box="[322,450,1500,1526]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Zancleopsidae" genus="Zancleopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="24" pageNumber="511" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A8D5EA828E2AFF81FEB162A9E7EFFA64" box="[322,450,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="511">Zancleopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |