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<document id="D48F3141AC724A42932586EF5DED5672" ID-CLB-Dataset="4343" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.777.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2dab8ae0-06e3-4e51-87e0-4c00922b0766" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5030418" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624554398848" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Yanega, Douglas, Olson, David, Shute, Sharon &amp; Komiya, Ziro" docDate="2004" docId="0A7E879CFFE1845E94279F29D6EDFA88" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00777.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 777 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.777.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Xixuthrus ganglbaueri Lameere 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="F647FFE4FFE2845B952F9C0DD434FFE6" masterDocTitle="The Xixuthrus species of Fiji (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae)" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1699020688318" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="D4BE12C600FF3E94DB56A030E587E8B6" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="B7525D9237044E4279D1620BD2D11FE0">The Xixuthrus species of Fiji (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="EF2E3B01038B12706B8B00802143B0F7">
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<mods:namePart id="990FC149D2DC32E15D77BEB0B304E62B">Yanega, Douglas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CE1BF3EDC160C94F4A8788A1B9CD971F">Entomology Research Museum, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 - 0314 USA. Email: dyanega @ ucr. edu Wildlife Conservation Society, 11 Ma'afu Street, Suva, FIJI. Email: dolson @ wcs. org Collection Management Division (Coleoptera: Phytophaga), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK. Email: s. shute @ nhm. ac. uk 3 - 2 - 12, Shimouma, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154 - 0002, JAPAN. Email: z-com 321 @ eurus. dti. ne. jp</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A6FC16A1C4606A4C1ACD1C6BE958B34E">Olson, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9626704C8C8FF1B8388CF19C6CD74418">Shute, Sharon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="E4AA1903BE3C351FA074F5AF52B4C42E">
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<mods:namePart id="BF34516CAC1A3702CBBB6F4819FE726C">Komiya, Ziro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BC757004E9D7DEE913DC5AC2D37F9A42">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="23AC684143A3B3118CBC47A9AD4A3C7A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4B0EBA1E012C9D73F86666585F450711">
<mods:date id="5F7FD193992CDD382511947D158E3CA6">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0FC18ED4851F1310F3C3E441607E23A4">2004-12-17</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="06623FE5265A43AB0B9F481DA8191211" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4300F0412E39676AD73D4A802B076634">777</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B424C1F4ABAC9C4465478AFD461FBB75">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0A6F131309EA5531E8D79B035A19A8B5">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.777.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="93CCBC2297DF34BC31B6E8BD2DCFD603">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="0A7E879CFFE1845E94279F29D6EDFA88" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030060" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185467812" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5030060" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A7E879CFFE1845E94279F29D6EDFA88" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A7E879CFFE1845E94279F29D6EDFA88" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="CACD6501FFE1845894279F29D6EEFCD8" box="[264,730,804,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE1845894279F29D6EEFCD8" blockId="3.[264,730,804,865]" box="[264,730,804,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D92081E6FFE1845894279F29D6EEFCD8" bold="true" box="[264,730,804,830]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE1845894279F29D6EEFCD8" ID-CoL="5CG76" authority="Lameere, 1912" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[264,730,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845894279F29D6EEFCD8" bold="true" box="[264,730,804,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845894279F29D628FCD8" bold="true" box="[264,540,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Xixuthrus ganglbaueri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E6464B7BFFE18458970B9F29D6EEFCD8" author="Lameere, A." box="[548,730,804,830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="113 - 188" refId="ref5237" refString="Lameere, A. (1912) Revision des Prionides. Memoires de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 113 - 188." type="journal article" year="1912">Lameere, 1912</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CACD6501FFE1845894279F4AD647FB9F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE1845894279F4AD541FC87" blockId="3.[264,730,804,865]" box="[264,373,839,865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="1AEC2A0FFFE1845894279F4AD541FC87" box="[264,373,839,865]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6. 1–2" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,284,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[264,794,624,1332]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. 1–2. Xixuthrus ganglbaueri Lameere, female neotype: 1, habitus; 2, head, protho­ rax, and forelegs. 3–4. X. heros (Heer): 3, male; head and prothorax; 4, female; head, prothorax, and forelegs. 5–6. X. terribilis Thomson: 5, male holotype of terribilis; head and prothorax; 6, male holotype of heyrovskyi Tippmann [= terribilis]; head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE1845894279F9BD647FB9F" blockId="3.[264,1324,918,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845894279F9BD638FC56" bold="true" box="[264,524,918,944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="32BF3CD7FFE1845897339F9AD634FBCF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3342233312" collectingDate="2003-05-28" collectionCode="MAFF, BPBM" collectorName="Salanieta Tawake " country="Fiji" determinerName="D. Yanega" location="Levu" municipality="Tamavua" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="neotype">
<typeStatus id="5D6C8828FFE1845897339F9AD64BFC57" box="[540,639,919,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
female (here designated), &quot;
<collectingCountry id="FAC0761AFFE1845896ED9F9AD7C5FC57" box="[962,1009,919,945]" name="Fiji" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fiji</collectingCountry>
, Viti
<location id="87086051FFE18458911E9F9AD044FC57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A7E879CFFE1845E94279F29D6EDFA88:87086051FFE18458911E9F9AD044FC57" box="[1073,1136,919,945]" country="Fiji" municipality="Tamavua" name="Levu" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Levu</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="620CACF0FFE1845891539F9AD0D3FC57" box="[1148,1255,919,945]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tamavua</collectingMunicipality>
FSN,
<date id="F669104AFFE1845894279FB2D54AFC3F" box="[264,382,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-05-28">
<collectingDate id="E62DE9A2FFE1845894279FB2D54AFC3F" box="[264,382,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2003-05-28">28.v.2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, coll.
<collectorName id="2F22535CFFE1845894E69FB2D6ABFC3F" box="[457,671,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Salanieta Tawake</collectorName>
&quot;, &quot;
<typeStatus id="5D6C8828FFE1845897929FB2D772FC3F" box="[701,838,959,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE1845896609FB2D0F9FC3F" authority="Lameere" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[847,1229,959,985]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845896609FB2D06DFC3E" box="[847,1113,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Xixuthrus ganglbaueri</emphasis>
Lameere
</taxonomicName>
, det.
<determinerName id="77B4DA4EFFE1845890219FB2D56AFBE7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D. Yanega</determinerName>
2003&quot; (originally from
<collectionCode id="E4C6AE4FFFE1845897AF9FEAD6E0FBE7" box="[640,724,999,1025]" country="Fiji" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9fa9-21xc" name="Colo-i-Suva Silvicultural Station" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MAFF</collectionCode>
; will be permanently deposited in
<collectionCode id="E4C6AE4FFFE18458915C9FEAD0F3FBE7" box="[1139,1223,999,1025]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
, as type #16557) [
<figureCitation id="1AEC2A0FFFE1845894559802D5C5FBCF" box="[378,497,1039,1065]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6. 1–2" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,284,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[264,794,624,1332]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. 1–2. Xixuthrus ganglbaueri Lameere, female neotype: 1, habitus; 2, head, protho­ rax, and forelegs. 3–4. X. heros (Heer): 3, male; head and prothorax; 4, female; head, prothorax, and forelegs. 5–6. X. terribilis Thomson: 5, male holotype of terribilis; head and prothorax; 6, male holotype of heyrovskyi Tippmann [= terribilis]; head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1, 2</figureCitation>
];
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="32BF3CD7FFE1845897269802D647FB9F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3342233315" collectingDate="2003-05-28" collectionCode="MAFF, BPBM" collectorName="A. Vosanibola" country="Fiji" determinerName="D. Yanega" location="Levu" municipality="Tamavua" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="neotype">
<specimenCount id="94D1FD03FFE1845897269802D640FBCF" box="[521,628,1039,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="FAC0761AFFE1845897AE9802D6D3FBCF" box="[641,743,1039,1065]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fiji, Viti</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="2F22535CFFE1845897DF9802D71BFBCF" box="[752,815,1039,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Levu</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2F22535CFFE1845896129802D7A7FBCF" box="[829,915,1039,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Nasinu</collectorName>
, 05.v.81, coll.
<collectorName id="2F22535CFFE18458916B9802D11EFBCF" box="[1092,1322,1039,1065]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Marika Rasekaseka</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="E4C6AE4FFFE18458943F983AD552FBB7" box="[272,358,1079,1105]" country="Fiji" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9fa9-21xc" name="Colo-i-Suva Silvicultural Station" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MAFF</collectionCode>
);
<specimenCount id="94D1FD03FFE184589455983AD5D7FBB7" box="[378,483,1079,1105]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, same locality, 01.viii.88, coll.
<collectorName id="2F22535CFFE184589661983AD7C0FBB7" box="[846,1012,1079,1105]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. Vosanibola</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="E4C6AE4FFFE18458912C983AD06EFBB7" box="[1027,1114,1079,1105]" country="Fiji" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9fa9-21xc" name="Colo-i-Suva Silvicultural Station" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">MAFF</collectionCode>
); other specimens known only from photographs.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CACD6501FFE184589417988BD5BEF897" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE184589417988BD5BEF897" blockId="3.[264,1324,918,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE184589417988BD584FB46" bold="true" box="[312,432,1158,1184]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: This species can easily be confused with
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE18458968B988AD7D0FB46" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[932,996,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE18458968B988AD7D0FB46" box="[932,996,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(with which it is sympatric; both species are presently confirmed only from
<collectingCountry id="FAC0761AFFE18458961A98A2D755FB2F" box="[821,865,1199,1225]" name="Fiji" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Viti</collectingCountry>
Levu, primarily the SE quadrant of the island), though careful examination reveals that it differs in numerous characters, ultimately uniquely sharing little more than the broad glabrous elytral stripes. The major differences (compare
<figureCitation id="1AEC2A0FFFE1845894C9992AD649FAA7" box="[486,637,1319,1345]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6. 1–2" captionStartId="4.[264,383,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,284,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-73@4.[264,794,624,1332]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. 1–2. Xixuthrus ganglbaueri Lameere, female neotype: 1, habitus; 2, head, protho­ rax, and forelegs. 3–4. X. heros (Heer): 3, male; head and prothorax; 4, female; head, prothorax, and forelegs. 5–6. X. terribilis Thomson: 5, male holotype of terribilis; head and prothorax; 6, male holotype of heyrovskyi Tippmann [= terribilis]; head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2 and 4</figureCitation>
) include the lack of prickly spicules on the antennal scape, which is instead covered with distinct, shallow punctures; the scape is only gradually and slightly enlarged apically, in distinct contrast to the apically swollen scape in
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE184589199997AD0C2FA76" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1206,1270,1399,1424]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE184589199997AD0C2FA76" box="[1206,1270,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE1845894279992D55AFA5E" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[264,366,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terribilis">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845894279992D55AFA5E" box="[264,366,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">terribilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; much shorter antennae relative to body length; there is a glabrous, impunctate, diamond­shaped area in the center of the pronotum; and, in particular, the forebasitarsi are scarcely longer than broad (the mid and hind basitarsi are similarly proportioned, but the difference between
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE1845894D89A1AD6B3F9D6" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[503,647,1559,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845894D89A1AD6B3F9D6" box="[503,647,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ganglbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species is more evident in the foretarsi). Additionally, the posterior portion of the head is not as elongated, nor are the mandibles; the mandibular teeth are much smaller; the frontal groove is rather deeply impressed from the clypeus up to the vertex; the distal tarsomere is relatively shorter; the pronotal surface is more generally shining, with the medial ridges generally weaker but more strongly produced and somewhat tuberculate posteriorly. The general coloration of the pubescence is more grayish, or somewhat silvery, in comparison to the usual coloration of
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE1845891BC9B0AD0E7F8C6" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1171,1235,1799,1824]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE1845891BC9B0AD0E7F8C6" box="[1171,1235,1799,1824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is more brownish to golden, but this difference is somewhat less evident in more worn specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D6A86602FFE6845F94279AC8D774F8AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5030420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5030420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5030420/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[264,383,1733,1757]" targetBox="[264,1323,284,1870]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE6845F94279AC8D774F8AB" blockId="4.[264,1323,1733,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F94279AC8D5C1F93B" bold="true" box="[264,501,1733,1757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURES 1–6. 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE6845F94D39ACBD766F93A" authority="Lameere" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[508,850,1733,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F94D39ACBD6D8F93B" box="[508,748,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Xixuthrus ganglbaueri</emphasis>
Lameere
</taxonomicName>
, female neotype:
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F91229AC8D015F93B" bold="true" box="[1037,1057,1733,1757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1,</emphasis>
habitus;
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F91AD9AC8D0A3F93B" bold="true" box="[1154,1175,1733,1757]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2,</emphasis>
head, prothorax, and forelegs.
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F94E99AE6D5C1F8E5" bold="true" box="[454,501,1771,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3–4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE6845F94D49AE1D696F8E5" authority="(Heer)" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[507,674,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F94D49AE1D666F8E5" box="[507,594,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">X. heros</emphasis>
(Heer)
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F97849AE6D68BF8E5" bold="true" box="[683,703,1771,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3,</emphasis>
male; head and prothorax;
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F96CF9AE6D7C0F8E5" bold="true" box="[992,1012,1771,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4,</emphasis>
female; head, prothorax, and forelegs.
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F94419B1CD5A8F8CF" bold="true" box="[366,412,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE6845F948A9B1CD6A1F8CE" authority="Thomson" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[421,661,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terribilis">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F948A9B1CD616F8CE" box="[421,546,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">X. terribilis</emphasis>
Thomson
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F978E9B1CD69AF8CF" bold="true" box="[673,686,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5</emphasis>
, male holotype of
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE6845F96AF9B1CD7E9F8CE" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[896,989,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terribilis">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F96AF9B1CD7E9F8CE" box="[896,989,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">terribilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; head and prothorax;
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F91F59B1CD0DAF8CF" bold="true" box="[1242,1262,1809,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6,</emphasis>
male holotype of
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE6845F94A69B3AD659F8AB" authority="Tippmann" authorityName="Tippmann. Over" authorityYear="1945" box="[393,621,1846,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heyrovskyi">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F94A69B3AD5CEF8A8" box="[393,506,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">heyrovskyi</emphasis>
Tippmann
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE6845F97BC9B3AD6C4F8A8" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[659,752,1847,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terribilis">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE6845F97BC9B3AD6C4F8A8" box="[659,752,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">terribilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; head.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CACD6501FFE7845E94179D16D6EDFA88" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE7845E94179D16D0C4FBC8" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E94179D16D59EFED3" bold="true" box="[312,426,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks</emphasis>
: The female chosen as the
<typeStatus id="5D6C8828FFE7845E962F9D11D768FED0" box="[768,860,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is considered appropriate for two reasons: (1) this is the specimen from which a mesotarsus was removed for sequencing while it was still alive, and it is the genetic voucher for the species, and (2) given Lameere's original claim that the species resembled
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E97EE9D99D739FE4B" box="[705,781,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helleri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E97EE9D99D739FE4B" box="[705,781,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">helleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the description of the antennae and foretarsi, the evidence supports that the
<typeStatus id="5D6C8828FFE7845E97E39DB1D71DFE30" box="[716,809,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
is in fact the same species that Lameere originally described. The alternative hypothesis, that
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E96A79DE9D023FE1B" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[904,1047,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E96A79DE9D023FE1B" box="[904,1047,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ganglbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a mislabeled New Guinean species, and there just happens, by coincidence, to be an undiscovered Fijian species which shares several features with it, is far less acceptable. New Guinean specimens which Tippmann identified as
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E97439E51D6CFFD93" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[620,763,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E97439E51D6CFFD93" box="[620,763,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ganglbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have proven, upon examination (by S.S.), to be
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E94279E89D560FD7B" box="[264,340,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helleri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E94279E89D560FD7B" box="[264,340,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">helleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We have seen only a photograph of
<specimenCount id="94D1FD03FFE7845E96379E89D7B0FD78" box="[792,900,644,670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
which could definitively be associated with the female, and it also possesses short forebasitarsi, short antennae, strong pronotal ridges, and grayish pubescence (though not clear, it does seem that the photo shows a punctate scape, and central glabrous pronotal spot, but to be cautious we do not use these features in the key below); it is possible that other males may be more difficult to distinguish from male
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E97209F41D67BFC83" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[527,591,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E97209F41D67BFC83" box="[527,591,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but at least this
<specimenCount id="94D1FD03FFE7845E963D9F41D786FC80" box="[786,946,844,870]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
is readily separable. We further note that the shorter head, mandibles, and antennae of
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E96B49F79D01EFC6B" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[923,1066,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E96B49F79D01EFC6B" box="[923,1066,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ganglbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not an artifact of the specimens being smaller than those of
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E97D39F91D708FC53" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[764,828,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E97D39F91D708FC53" box="[764,828,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e., the differences are not due to allometry), even though the average size appears slightly smaller; the
<typeStatus id="5D6C8828FFE7845E96D99FC9D067FC38" box="[1014,1107,964,990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
female is nearly
<quantity id="452F9B6FFFE7845E90339FC9D51AFBE0" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
, while the
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E94999FE1D5C2FBE3" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[438,502,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E94999FE1D5C2FBE3" box="[438,502,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female figured is
<quantity id="452F9B6FFFE7845E97FA9FE1D716FBE0" box="[725,802,1004,1030]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="11.0">11 cm</quantity>
, and the differences are independent of the size of
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E94729819D5A9FBCB" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[349,413,1044,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E94729819D5A9FBCB" box="[349,413,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals used for comparison (several of which were in fact smaller).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8268368AFFE7845E94179831D6EDFA88" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,1390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Gene sequencing (performed by David Hawks) leaves no doubt whatsoever that this specimen is not conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E97B79869D6CFFB9B" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[664,763,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E97B79869D6CFFB9B" box="[664,763,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">X. heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the same general locality; the number of base pair differences and large number of insertions (54 base pair changes and 49 insertions in ribosomal 28S regions D2 and D5) constitute as substantial a genetic difference as is sometimes seen between different genera in other families of beetles (Hawks &amp; Heraty, in prep.). The numerous genome insertions suggest that
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E96829909D008FAFB" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[941,1084,1284,1309]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E96829909D008FAFB" box="[941,1084,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ganglbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the more derived taxon, and we expect to find that when
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E97F89921D709FAA3" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1877" box="[727,829,1324,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="terribilis">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E97F89921D709FAA3" box="[727,829,1324,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">terribilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sequenced, it will prove to be the sister taxon to
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E94409959D59BFA8B" baseAuthorityName="Heer" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[367,431,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heros">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E94409959D59BFA8B" box="[367,431,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">heros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, rather than
<taxonomicName id="45D74D09FFE7845E976C9959D6E6FA8B" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1912" box="[579,722,1364,1389]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Xixuthrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganglbaueri">
<emphasis id="B0A3EA98FFE7845E976C9959D6E6FA8B" box="[579,722,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ganglbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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