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<document id="2CBC9667EC0D3F7155CB22E67EDEDA51" ID-CLB-Dataset="138998" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5182.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b35fb1e-b051-429f-87fe-079aac9196ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7059565" ID-ZooBank="E70EB74A-DC7E-482D-AE4D-D58FB3CD4F5A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1662620157126" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully, Wesener, Thomas &amp; Moritz, Leif" docDate="2022" docId="0A3287A5B901E8146DC1FC58FC715AEE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5182.5.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5182 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Theratta eravikulam Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="413" masterDocId="F60BFFDDB90DE8186D56FFAEFF965D7B" masterDocTitle="First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)" masterLastPageNumber="428" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1701998944613" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="3F19C8BCF62E5DAC901302C7B8F57388" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="202BFDAC30919BA7E76A1D45F7D8558D">
<mods:title id="821957BA26672633FDEB75C51ECA4A9B">First record of the order Polyzoniida from the Indian subcontinent with an integrative description of a new genus (Diplopoda, Colobognatha, Siphonotidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4C7B11FFB7CE29713693CE2C450056EB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0D6FB317511E4975D3D5D163E4EF2EE3">Anilkumar, Pooja Avinipully</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D94FCFF832FADDD5A05690BD9213ABD7">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7E664F0F4AF713CCAA5EC4604D9877FA">Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BCA217268DCAB9776B12C3A5994B7D67" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2028-3541</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="013847C195D59C4516B58A2F877271D5">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. &amp; T. Wesener @ leibniz-lib. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2028 - 3541</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1DA1F3FF53E5F82209C9DE8E4A0E2D36" type="email">esener@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="498B63D0D5CA6233ACD0C59EB5F72E0E">Moritz, Leif</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C093392D6FB8DB41C7235CC800255D36" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6028-5189</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="59A2CC558CB843FB2EE9D74C159E168D">Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. &amp; Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. &amp; moritz. leif @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6028 - 5189</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="39D7C800F07A52BBAEC05952D89C79EB" type="email">moritz.leif@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B6EC1D95C79EBA090DC2EF42391FC389">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2413E3222F0706034F76D5FE1CB2C68D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2C165EFC6FB9441856638ADAC9BDDD1D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1AE4BA1250791B5FBC69D506DC1BD294">2022-09-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B1F83B96EFFC584845D7212C18EF0EA7">5182</mods:number>
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<treatment id="0A3287A5B901E8146DC1FC58FC715AEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059567" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199973863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7059567" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3287A5B901E8146DC1FC58FC715AEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A3287A5B901E8146DC1FC58FC715AEE" lastPageNumber="413" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<subSubSection id="CA816538B901E8146DC1FC58FCCB596B" box="[151,861,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="822436B3B901E8146DC1FC58FCCB596B" blockId="12.[151,861,1014,1077]" box="[151,861,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<heading id="D96C81DFB901E8146DC1FC58FCCB596B" bold="true" box="[151,861,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146DC1FC58FCCB596B" bold="true" box="[151,861,1014,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146DC1FC58FE06596A" ID-CoL="f5f95154-c8f2-410b-bbe0-6cd6e148afbf" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,400,1014,1041]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eravikulam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146DC1FC58FE06596A" bold="true" box="[151,400,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Theratta eravikulam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146CC1FC59FE4F596A" box="[407,473,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Anilkumar, Wesener &amp; Moritz
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA816538B901E8146DC1FBB5FF6E594E" box="[151,248,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="description">
<paragraph id="822436B3B901E8146DC1FBB5FF6E594E" blockId="12.[151,861,1014,1077]" box="[151,248,1051,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146DC1FBB5FF6E594E" box="[151,248,1051,1077]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 7" captionStart-1="FIGURE 8" captionStart-2="FIGURE9" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,1636,1660]" captionTargetBox-0="[236,1351,813,1905]" captionTargetBox-1="[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,182,1613]" captionTargetId-0="figure-279@13.[236,1351,813,1905]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@14.[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 7. Theratta eravikulam n. sp.. A, B: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Habitus. B: Detail of head. C: Habitat, Shola forests, Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Photo (C) K.S. Nafin. Abbreviations: co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres." captionText-1="FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE9. Therattaeravikulam n. sp., SEM.A–C: Immature Mparatype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B).D–F: Mholotype(ZFMKMYR 9752A). G: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752C). A: Male gonopore, ventral view. B: Telson, ventral view. C: Gonopods, anterior view. Anterior gonopod. D: Anterior gonopod, dorsal view. E: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. F: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. G: Female gonopore, ventral view. I–VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. The white arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the anterior and the black arrow on (D, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: B = 100 µm; A, C–G = 20 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059585" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059587" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059589" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7059585/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7059587/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7059589/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 7–9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA816538B901E8146DC1FBCCFF765BC6" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="822436B3B901E8146DC1FBCCFCF35B56" blockId="12.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146DC1FBCCFE845907" bold="true" box="[151,274,1122,1148]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dark purple in color (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146F53FBCDFD175906" box="[517,641,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[236,1351,813,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-279@13.[236,1351,813,1905]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Theratta eravikulam n. sp.. A, B: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Habitus. B: Detail of head. C: Habitat, Shola forests, Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Photo (C) K.S. Nafin. Abbreviations: co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059585/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 7A, B</figureCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146F8EFBCDFCFE5907" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[728,872,1123,1148]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannavan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146F8EFBCDFCFE5907" box="[728,872,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. mannavan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146E3BFBCDFC3D5906" bold="true" box="[877,939,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146E3BFBCDFC3D5906" box="[877,939,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146EEFFBCDFB865906" box="[953,1040,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1927,1951]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,645,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-232@6.[151,1436,633,1904]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Theratta mannavan n. sp.. A, B: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482A1). A: Habitus. B: Head, lateral view. C, D: Habitats, Mannavan Shola, Annamudi Shola National Park, Kerala, India. Abbreviations: an = antenna; co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059573" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059573/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E814691AFBCDFB355906" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[1100,1187,1123,1149]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E814691AFBCDFB355906" box="[1100,1187,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. shola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E81469FFFBCDFB705906" bold="true" box="[1193,1254,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E81469FFFBCDFB705906" box="[1193,1254,1123,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are light purple. More than 50 segments (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146CE1FB29FD8259DA" box="[439,532,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[236,1351,813,1905]" captionTargetId="figure-279@13.[236,1351,813,1905]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Theratta eravikulam n. sp.. A, B: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Habitus. B: Detail of head. C: Habitat, Shola forests, Eravikulam National Park, Kerala, India. Photo (C) K.S. Nafin. Abbreviations: co = collum; gp = gonopod; ms = macroseta; om = ommatidia. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059585/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146F7DFB29FD5159DA" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[555,711,1159,1185]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eravikulam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146F7DFB29FD5159DA" box="[555,711,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. eravikulam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146F86FB29FC8459DA" bold="true" box="[720,786,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146F86FB29FC8459DA" box="[720,786,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146EF8FB29FBD759DB" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[942,1089,1159,1184]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannavan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146EF8FB29FBD759DB" box="[942,1089,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. mannavan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E814691DFB29FB1A59DA" bold="true" box="[1099,1164,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E814691DFB29FB1A59DA" box="[1099,1164,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by a stouter head (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146839FB29FF2B59BE" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059587/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Ozopore on 5th body-ring with posterior spine-like projection and not elevated (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146903FB05FB3C59BE" box="[1109,1194,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059587/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
), while the spine-like projection is absent, elevated and thicker around in the other two species of
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146E85FB61FBA55992" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[979,1075,1231,1257]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146E85FB61FBA55992" box="[979,1075,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Theratta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146916FB61FB0A5992" box="[1088,1180,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[249,1340,159,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[248,1340,159,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, D, E: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). B, C, F, G: M holotype (ZFMKMYR9482B1). H: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). A: Head, frontal view. B: Antenna. C: Sensilla basiconica on antennomeres 5 and 6. D: Apical disc with four sensory cones. E: Mouth parts, dorsal view. F: Mouth parts, ventral view. G: Anterior body, lateral view. H: Tergites, lateral view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ag = anterior gonopod; an = antenna; br = body ring; co = collum; gn = gnathochilarium; le = leg; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pg = posterior gonopod; pl = pleurite; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (H) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: A, G, H = 100 µm; B, D–F = 20 µm; C = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E81469F0FB61FB435992" box="[1190,1237,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B, E, F: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C, D, G, H: Immature M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9767A). A: Head, frontal view.B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Legs, posterio-lateral view. H: Paronychium, anterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I –VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (A, B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (F) indicate the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. The black arrow on (F) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A, E, F = 100 µm; B, G = 20 µm; C, D, H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059591/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">10F</figureCitation>
). Wave-like curve in the center of the posterior margin of the prozonites is absent in
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146E2DFB5DFB825876" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[891,1044,1267,1293]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eravikulam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146E2DFB5DFB825876" box="[891,1044,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. eravikulam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E814694AFB5DFBCC5876" bold="true" box="[1052,1114,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E814694AFB5DFBCC5876" box="[1052,1114,1267,1293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E814693CFB5DFB565876" box="[1130,1216,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059587/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
), while it is present in the other two species of
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146C9DFAB9FDBD584A" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[459,555,1303,1329]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146C9DFAB9FDBD584A" box="[459,555,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Theratta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146F6DFAB9FD0F584A" box="[571,665,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,160,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,159,1621]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A–D: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). E, F: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). A: Tergites, dorsal view. B: First three leg pairs with gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopore, posterior view. D: Detail of gonopore, ventral view. E: Leg. F: Paronychium. Abbreviations: cl = claw; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; le = leg; mz = metazonite; oz = ozopore; pe = penes; pf = prefemur; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = trochanter; vdo = vasa deferentia opening. The white arrow on (A) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, C, E = 20 µm; D, F = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146FF0FAB9FD41584A" box="[678,727,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B, E, F: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C, D, G, H: Immature M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9767A). A: Head, frontal view.B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Legs, posterio-lateral view. H: Paronychium, anterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I –VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (A, B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (F) indicate the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. The black arrow on (F) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A, E, F = 100 µm; B, G = 20 µm; C, D, H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059591/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">10E</figureCitation>
). Tergites are fully covered with deeper striae in
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146854FAB9FA0A584A" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[1282,1436,1303,1329]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eravikulam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146854FAB9FA0A584A" box="[1282,1436,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. eravikulam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146DC1FA95FF40582E" bold="true" box="[151,214,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146DC1FA95FF40582E" box="[151,214,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146DB3FA95FEAD582E" box="[229,315,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059587/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
), while the striae are less pronounced in
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146E55FA95FC05582F" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[771,915,1339,1364]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannavan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146E55FA95FC05582F" box="[771,915,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. mannavan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146ECCFA95FC4E582E" bold="true" box="[922,984,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146ECCFA95FC4E582E" box="[922,984,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146EBEFA95FBA9582E" box="[1000,1087,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1644,1668]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,160,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,159,1621]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A–D: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). E, F: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B1). A: Tergites, dorsal view. B: First three leg pairs with gonopore, ventral view. C: Gonopore, posterior view. D: Detail of gonopore, ventral view. E: Leg. F: Paronychium. Abbreviations: cl = claw; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; le = leg; mz = metazonite; oz = ozopore; pe = penes; pf = prefemur; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; to = trochanter; vdo = vasa deferentia opening. The white arrow on (A) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A = 200 µm; B, C, E = 20 µm; D, F = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059579" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059579/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146928FA95FB40582E" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[1150,1238,1339,1365]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146928FA95FB40582E" box="[1150,1238,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. shola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E814698BFA95FA8D582E" bold="true" box="[1245,1307,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E814698BFA95FA8D582E" box="[1245,1307,1339,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E814687DFA95FA19582E" box="[1323,1423,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B, E, F: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C, D, G, H: Immature M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9767A). A: Head, frontal view.B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Legs, posterio-lateral view. H: Paronychium, anterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I –VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (A, B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (F) indicate the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. The black arrow on (F) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A, E, F = 100 µm; B, G = 20 µm; C, D, H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059591/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
), a unique character for the genus. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146FFFFAF1FCAD5803" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[681,827,1375,1400]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannavan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146FFFFAF1FCAD5803" box="[681,827,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. mannavan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146E15FAF1FC155802" bold="true" box="[835,899,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146E15FAF1FC155802" box="[835,899,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146EC2FAF1FC7D5802" box="[916,1003,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1720,1744]" captionTargetBox="[249,1340,159,1697]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[248,1340,159,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Theratta mannavan n. sp., SEM. A, D, E: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9483A). B, C, F, G: M holotype (ZFMKMYR9482B1). H: M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9482B2). A: Head, frontal view. B: Antenna. C: Sensilla basiconica on antennomeres 5 and 6. D: Apical disc with four sensory cones. E: Mouth parts, dorsal view. F: Mouth parts, ventral view. G: Anterior body, lateral view. H: Tergites, lateral view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; ag = anterior gonopod; an = antenna; br = body ring; co = collum; gn = gnathochilarium; le = leg; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pg = posterior gonopod; pl = pleurite; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite. I–VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (H) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: A, G, H = 100 µm; B, D–F = 20 µm; C = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059577/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E814697BFAF1FB115802" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[1069,1159,1375,1401]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E814697BFAF1FB115802" box="[1069,1159,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. shola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E81469D9FAF1FB595802" bold="true" box="[1167,1231,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E81469D9FAF1FB595802" box="[1167,1231,1375,1401]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E81469B6FAF1FAD35802" box="[1248,1349,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[260,1327,181,1691]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Theratta shola n. sp., SEM. A, B, E, F: Immature F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9767). C, D, G, H: Immature M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9767A). A: Head, frontal view.B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Legs, posterio-lateral view. H: Paronychium, anterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I –VII indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (A, B) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the antennomeres and on (F) indicate the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. The black arrow on (F) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite. Scale bars: A, E, F = 100 µm; B, G = 20 µm; C, D, H = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059591/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
) by the absence of striae at the anterior margin of antennomeres (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146E44FA2DFCFD58E6" box="[786,875,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-27@14.[224,1363,181,1678]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Theratta eravikulam n. sp., SEM. A–D, F: Immature M paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B). E, G–I: M holotype (ZFMK-MYR 9752A). A: Head, frontal view. B: Apical disc with four sensory cones. C: Mouth parts, dorsal view. D: Mouth parts, ventral view. E: Tergites, dorsal view. F: Anterior body, lateral view. G: Tergites, lateral view. H: Leg, posterior view. I: Paronychium, posterior view. Abbreviations: ac = apical cone; br = body ring; cl = claw; co = collum; cx = coxa; cxp = coxal pouch; fe = femur; gn = gnathochilarium; lb = labrum; ms = macrosetae; mz = metazonite; om = ommatidia; oz = ozopore; pf = prefemur; pl = pleurite; pn = paronychium; po = postfemur; pz = prozonite; sb = sensilla basiconica; sp = spiracle; st = sternite; ta = tarsus; to = trochanter; ti = tibia. I–VI indicates the number of antennomeres. The white arrow on (E) indicates the row of striae at the anterior margin of the metazonite, on (F) indicates the spine-like projection on the ozopore and on (G) indicates the lateral, ridge-like extension of the prozonite. Scale bars: G = 200 µm; A, E, F = 100 µm; B = 30 µm; C, D, H = 20 µm; I = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059587/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Distal part of mesal process and lamellar process of podomere II of anterior gonopod rather roundish and broader than in
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146EE1FA09FBD158BB" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[951,1095,1447,1472]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannavan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146EE1FA09FBD158BB" box="[951,1095,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. mannavan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E814691BFA09FB1D58BA" bold="true" box="[1101,1163,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E814691BFA09FB1D58BA" box="[1101,1163,1447,1473]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Distal process of mesal process smaller and less lobular than in
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146F0AFA65FD7B589F" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[604,749,1483,1508]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannavan" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146F0AFA65FD7B589F" box="[604,749,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. mannavan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146FA3FA65FCA2589E" bold="true" box="[757,820,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146FA3FA65FCA2589E" box="[757,820,1483,1509]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Podomere II of anterior gonopod with a remnant of a division posteriolaterally (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146CEAFA41FDAE5B72" box="[444,568,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1636,1660]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE9. Therattaeravikulam n. sp., SEM.A–C: Immature Mparatype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B).D–F: Mholotype(ZFMKMYR 9752A). G: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752C). A: Male gonopore, ventral view. B: Telson, ventral view. C: Gonopods, anterior view. Anterior gonopod. D: Anterior gonopod, dorsal view. E: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. F: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. G: Female gonopore, ventral view. I–VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. The white arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the anterior and the black arrow on (D, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: B = 100 µm; A, C–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059589/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 9D–F</figureCitation>
). Posterior gonopod with six podomeres (
<figureCitation id="1AA02A36B901E8146951FA41FBC95B72" box="[1031,1119,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE9" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1636,1660]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,182,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE9. Therattaeravikulam n. sp., SEM.A–C: Immature Mparatype (ZFMK-MYR 9752B).D–F: Mholotype(ZFMKMYR 9752A). G: F paratype (ZFMK-MYR 9752C). A: Male gonopore, ventral view. B: Telson, ventral view. C: Gonopods, anterior view. Anterior gonopod. D: Anterior gonopod, dorsal view. E: Anterior gonopod, anterior view. F: Anterior gonopod, posterior view. G: Female gonopore, ventral view. I–VI indicates the number of podomeres of the gonopods. The white arrow on (E, F) indicates the remnant of podomere division on the anterior and the black arrow on (D, F) indicates the distal process present on the mesal process of the anterior gonopod. Scale bars: B = 100 µm; A, C–G = 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7059589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7059589/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146924FA41FA9D5B72" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[1138,1291,1519,1545]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eravikulam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146924FA41FA9D5B72" box="[1138,1291,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. eravikulam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146847FA41FAD95B72" bold="true" box="[1297,1359,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146847FA41FAD95B72" box="[1297,1359,1519,1545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
shows a genetic p-distance in the COI gene of 25.3% to
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146F96F9BDFC8E5B56" authority="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz, 2022" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[704,792,1555,1581]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146F96F9BDFC8E5B56" box="[704,792,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">T. shola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146E49F9BDFCC85B56" bold="true" box="[799,862,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ABDC57DAB901E8146E49F9BDFCC85B56" box="[799,862,1555,1581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="822436B3B901E8146D91F999FF765BC6" blockId="12.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146D91F999FE905B2A" bold="true" box="[199,262,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Note.</emphasis>
The anterior body-rings, including the head and posterior gonopod of the
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E81469D6F999FB745B2A" box="[1152,1250,1591,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
were damaged. Therefore, some features are described using an immature male
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E8146ED6F9F5FC725B0E" box="[896,996,1627,1653]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. It is a common phenomenon that the number of antennomeres increase in Colobognathan and other millipedes (see
<bibRefCitation id="E60A4B42B901E8146944F9D1FA9A5BE2" author="David, J. &amp; Couret, T." box="[1042,1292,1663,1689]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="585 - 590" refId="ref14419" refString="David, J. F &amp; Couret, T. (1983) Le deiveloppement post-embryonnaire en conditions naturelles de Polyzonium germanicum (Brandt) (Diplpoda, Polyzoniida) Les cinq premiers stades. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 4 (5), 585 - 590." type="journal article" year="1983">David &amp; Couret 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="E60A4B42B901E814684FF9D1FF425BC6" author="Wong, V. L. &amp; Hennen, D. A. &amp; Macias, A. M. &amp; Brewer, M. S. &amp; Kasson, M. T. &amp; Marek, P." pageId="12" pageNumber="413" pagination="50770" refId="ref17862" refString="Wong, V. L., Hennen, D. A., Macias, A. M., Brewer, M. S., Kasson, M. T. &amp; Marek, P. (2020) Natural history of the social millipede Brachycybe lecontii Wood, 1864. B iodiversity Data Journal, 8: e 50770. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 8. e 50770" type="journal article" year="2020">
Wong
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146835F9D1FA035BE2" box="[1379,1429,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA816538B901E8146D91F969FEAC5A7E" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="822436B3B901E8146D91F969FEAC5A7E" blockId="12.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146D91F969FED85B9A" bold="true" box="[199,334,1735,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Etymology.</emphasis>
Species epithet,
<taxonomicName id="459B4D30B901E8146F5FF969FD115B9A" authorityName="Anilkumar &amp; Wesener &amp; Moritz" authorityYear="2022" box="[521,647,1735,1761]" class="Diplopoda" family="Siphonotidae" genus="Theratta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polyzoniida" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eravikulam">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146F5FF969FD115B9A" box="[521,647,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">eravikulam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noun in apposition, after the name of the
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E814690DF969FB1D5B9A" box="[1115,1163,1735,1761]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">type</typeStatus>
locality, the Eravikulam National Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA816538B901E8146D91F8A0FC715AEE" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="822436B3B901E8146D91F8A0FC715AEE" blockId="12.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="B0EFEAA1B901E8146D91F8A0FE2B5A53" bold="true" box="[199,445,1806,1832]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Materials examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="32F33CEEB901E8146C90F8A1FCFB5A52" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3898571304" box="[454,877,1806,1833]" collectionCode="ZFMK-MYR" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" specimenCode="ZFMK-MYR 9752" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
1 M
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E8146CA8F8A1FDF65A52" box="[510,608,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="D23D9EC8B901E8146F26F8A1FCDA5A52" box="[624,844,1806,1833]" collectionCode="ZFMK-MYR" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">ZFMK-MYR 9752</specimenCode>
A),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="32F33CEEB901E8146E20F8A1FC755AEE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3898571305" collectingDate="2019-12-12" collectionCode="ZFMK-MYR" collectorName="A. A. Pooja &amp; J. Jithin" country="India" county="Province" elevation="1703" latitude="10.140083" location="Munnar" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.04425" municipality="Idukki District" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" specimenCode="ZFMK-MYR 9752" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-immature="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
1 F
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E8146EF3F8A1FB935A52" box="[933,1029,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
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C),
<specimenCount id="949DFD3AB901E814684CF8A1FA0A5A52" box="[1306,1436,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="immature">1 immature</specimenCount>
M
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E8146DECF89DFE8C5A36" box="[186,282,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="D23D9EC8B901E8146C7DF89DFD9D5A36" box="[299,523,1842,1869]" collectionCode="ZFMK-MYR" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">ZFMK-MYR 9752</specimenCode>
B),
<specimenCount id="949DFD3AB901E8146F65F89DFD205A36" box="[563,694,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="immature">1 immature</specimenCount>
F
<typeStatus id="5D208811B901E8146F8FF89DFCAF5A36" box="[729,825,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="D23D9EC8B901E8146E1DF89DFBBC5A36" box="[843,1066,1842,1869]" collectionCode="ZFMK-MYR" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">ZFMK-MYR 9752</specimenCode>
),
<collectingCountry id="FA8C7623B901E8146916F89DFBEA5A36" box="[1088,1148,1843,1869]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="6B454E3FB901E81469DCF89DFB785A36" box="[1162,1262,1843,1869]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Province</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="405FF851B901E81469AEF89DFAD35A36" box="[1272,1349,1843,1869]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Kerala</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6240ACC9B901E8146805F89DFF785A0A" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Idukki District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="87446068B901E8146DAAF8F9FEC05A0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3287A5B901E8146DC1FC58FC715AEE:87446068B901E8146DAAF8F9FEC05A0A" box="[252,342,1879,1905]" country="India" county="Province" latitude="10.140083" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.04425" municipality="Idukki District" name="Munnar" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Kerala">Munnar</location>
,
<location id="87446068B901E8146C32F8F9FD065A0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A3287A5B901E8146DC1FC58FC715AEE:87446068B901E8146C32F8F9FD065A0A" box="[356,656,1879,1905]" country="India" county="Province" latitude="10.140083" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.04425" municipality="Idukki District" name="Eravikulam National Park" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" stateProvince="Kerala">Eravikulam National Park</location>
,
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,
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,
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,
<quantity id="45639B56B901E81469F3F8F9FB695A0A" box="[1189,1279,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.703" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="1703.0">
<elevation id="09B6D180B901E81469F3F8F9FB695A0A" box="[1189,1279,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.703" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" unit="m" value="1703.0">1703 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, high altitude montane forest,
<collectorName id="2F6E5365B901E8146C1AF8D5FE315AEE" box="[332,423,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Winkler</collectorName>
extraction, leg.
<collectorName id="2F6E5365B901E8146F0CF8D5FD765AEE" box="[602,736,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">A. A. Pooja</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="2F6E5365B901E8146FBDF8D5FCD35AEE" box="[747,837,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">J. Jithin</collectorName>
,
<date id="F6251073B901E8146E06F8D5FC755AEE" box="[848,995,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2019-12-12">
<collectingDate id="E661E99BB901E8146E06F8D5FC755AEE" box="[848,995,1915,1941]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2019-12-12">12 Dec 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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