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<mods:title id="111A7E2FDE8807A70886AF834CBA80E4">Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038106260C61717F18C0FB24FB1C45DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928216" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184587115" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928216" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038106260C61717F18C0FB24FB1C45DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038106260C61717F18C0FB24FB1C45DE" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C61717F18C0FB24FDC6476A" box="[151,550,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C61717F18C0FB24FDC6476A" blockId="8.[151,550,1267,1294]" box="[151,550,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D0DF005C0C61717F18C0FB24FDC6476A" bold="true" box="[151,550,1267,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F18C0FB24FDC6476A" bold="true" box="[151,550,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F18B9FB24FDC6476A" ID-CoL="7PNYL" authority="Roewer" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1911" box="[238,550,1267,1294]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F18B9FB24FE5F4769" bold="true" box="[238,447,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Metaphalangium</emphasis>
Roewer
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C61717F18C0FAECFE10471E" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C61717F18C0FAECFE10471E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F18C0FAECFED34732" bold="true" box="[151,307,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="549309920C61717F18C0FAECFF324732" box="[151,210,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F196DFAECFD7D4731" authority="Lucas" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[314,669,1339,1366]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Phalangium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="propinquum">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F196DFAECFDB34732" box="[314,595,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Phalangium propinquum</emphasis>
Lucas
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F1A92FAECFB6C4732" ID-CoL="7X98M" authority="(C. L. Koch)" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" box="[709,1164,1338,1366]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirtanum">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1A92FAECFC114732" box="[709,1009,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Metaphalangium cirtanum</emphasis>
(C. L. Koch)
</taxonomicName>
] (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C61717F1CF6FAECFADC4732" author="Roewer, C. - F." box="[1185,1340,1339,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref20366" refString="Roewer, C. - F. (1911) Ubersicht der Genera der Subfamilie der Phalangiini der Opiliones Palpatores nebst Beschreibung einiger neuer Gattungen und Arten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Berlin, Abt. A, Original-Arbeiten, 77 (Supplementheft 2), 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1911">Roewer 1911</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB9CAC10C61717F1D1FFAECFF33471E" author="Starega, W." pageId="8" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref21498" refString="Starega, W. (1984) Revision der Phalangiidae (Opiliones), III. Die afrikanischen Gattungen der Phalangiinae, nebst Katalog aller afrikanischen Arten der Familie. Annales Zoologici [Polska Akademia Nauk], 38, 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="1984">Staręga 1984</bibRefCitation>
), by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C332E4BB0C61717F1890FA54FB1C45DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C61717F1890FA54FDF14562" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1890FA54FEDB47FA" bold="true" box="[199,315,1411,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
The new fossil specimens described here show similarities to representatives of the extant genera
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F18C0FA70FE7347A6" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,403,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Phalangium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F18C0FA70FEC047A6" box="[151,288,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Phalangium</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F19C8FA70FD8A47A6" authority="Simon" authorityName="Simon" box="[415,618,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Dasylobus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F19C8FA70FDF547A6" box="[415,533,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Dasylobus</emphasis>
Simon
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F1AFFFA70FC2B47A5" authority="Roewer" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1911" box="[680,971,1447,1474]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1AFFFA70FC8747A6" box="[680,871,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Metaphalangium</emphasis>
Roewer
</taxonomicName>
; mainly the presence of a process on the palpal patella, the shape, armament and position of the ocular tubercle, the slender legs and its light color (in amber) with a silver shine. These new fossils are probably juveniles or immatures due to their small size and the underdeveloped armament on the ocular tubercle. Therefore, we compared these specimens with the juveniles of some extant species of the above-mentioned genera and found that the new fossil species is most similar to juveniles of the genus
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F18C0F98CFEBD4412" box="[151,349,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F18C0F98CFEB94412" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,345,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metaphalangium</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and especially to representatives of
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F1AA4F98BFC9D4412" box="[755,893,1628,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirtanum">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1AA4F98BFC9D4412" box="[755,893,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">M. cirtanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C61717F1BDAF98CFC3F4412" box="[909,991,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 1112" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,181,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-18@12.[223,1364,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1112. Metaphalangium spp., detail of the anterior prosoma and pedipalps. 11 Metaphalangium martensi sp. n. (holotype, SIZK K-3197, from Rovno amber, Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine; late Eocene). Note the palpal patella with small and blunt medio-distal prominence (black arrow) with stout spine-like setae and mesial brush of stout spine-like setae on palpal tibia (white arrow), ventral view. 12 Comparative image of the extant species Metaphalangium cirtanum (C. L. Koch) (juvenile from Albania: Zvërnec), white arrows indicate palpal patella and tibia, mesially covered with stout spine-like setae, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928506/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), which is also the most widespread extant species of the genus. The similarity (see
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C61717F1AC7F9A8FCE044FE" box="[656,768,1663,1689]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 910" captionStart-1="FIGURES 1112" captionStart-2="FIGURES 1314" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1930,1954]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,264,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox-0="[282,1308,237,1904]" captionTargetBox-1="[223,1364,181,1782]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1859]" captionTargetId-0="figure-54@11.[279,1308,237,1907]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@12.[223,1364,181,1785]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1861]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 910. Metaphalangium martensi sp. n., holotype, SIZK K-3197, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene (ca. 3637 Ma). 9 Dorso-lateral overview of the complete animal. 10 Detail of body in dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 1112. Metaphalangium spp., detail of the anterior prosoma and pedipalps. 11 Metaphalangium martensi sp. n. (holotype, SIZK K-3197, from Rovno amber, Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine; late Eocene). Note the palpal patella with small and blunt medio-distal prominence (black arrow) with stout spine-like setae and mesial brush of stout spine-like setae on palpal tibia (white arrow), ventral view. 12 Comparative image of the extant species Metaphalangium cirtanum (C. L. Koch) (juvenile from Albania: Zvërnec), white arrows indicate palpal patella and tibia, mesially covered with stout spine-like setae, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." captionText-2="FIGURES 1314. Metaphalangium martensi sp. n., paratype, SIZK K-1254, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 13 Lateral overview of the complete animal (white arrow points the pedipalps). 14 Detail of pedipalps, lateral. Scale bars: 13: 1 mm; 14: 0.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928504" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928506" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928510" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4928504/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4928506/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4928510/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Figs 914</figureCitation>
) between these is expressed in the position and structure of the ocular tubercle, the presence of a medio-distal prominence of the palpal patella, the proportions of the pedipalpal segments, the slender legs, and especially in the presence of stout spine-like setae on the medial surface of the palpal patella and tibia (
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C61717F190EF93CFE394562" box="[345,473,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1112" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1808,1832]" captionTargetBox="[223,1364,181,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-18@12.[223,1364,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 1112. Metaphalangium spp., detail of the anterior prosoma and pedipalps. 11 Metaphalangium martensi sp. n. (holotype, SIZK K-3197, from Rovno amber, Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine; late Eocene). Note the palpal patella with small and blunt medio-distal prominence (black arrow) with stout spine-like setae and mesial brush of stout spine-like setae on palpal tibia (white arrow), ventral view. 12 Comparative image of the extant species Metaphalangium cirtanum (C. L. Koch) (juvenile from Albania: Zvërnec), white arrows indicate palpal patella and tibia, mesially covered with stout spine-like setae, dorso-lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928506" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928506/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Figs 1112</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1313ABB50C61717F19B2F93CFDE44562" box="[485,516,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURES 1314" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[151,1435,181,1861]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 1314. Metaphalangium martensi sp. n., paratype, SIZK K-1254, from Rovno amber (Klesov, Pugach quarry, Ukraine), late Eocene. 13 Lateral overview of the complete animal (white arrow points the pedipalps). 14 Detail of pedipalps, lateral. Scale bars: 13: 1 mm; 14: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928510" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928510/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97B7300C61717F1890F8D8FB1C45DE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1338,1978]" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F1890F8D8FE07454D" authority="Roewer" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1911" box="[199,487,1807,1834]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1890F8D8FE66454E" box="[199,390,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Metaphalangium</emphasis>
Roewer
</taxonomicName>
so far comprises about 13 recent species, distributed in the Mediterranean region, the Balkans, the Near East, and the Caucasus. Only
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F1AA4F8E3FC33452A" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[755,979,1843,1869]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albounilineatum">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1AA4F8E3FC33452A" box="[755,979,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">M. albounilineatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C61717F1BB4F8E4FBDB452A" box="[995,1083,1843,1869]" name="Algeria" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C61717F1C1DF8E4FB6E452A" box="[1098,1166,1843,1869]" name="Libya" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Libya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C61717F1CCCF8E3FAE34529" box="[1179,1283,1844,1870]" name="Morocco" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C61717F1D47F8E4FA86452A" box="[1296,1382,1843,1869]" name="Tunisia" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
, and southern
<collectingCountry id="F33FF7A00C61717F18A9F880FED34515" box="[254,307,1879,1906]" name="Italy" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">Italy</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C28CCB30C61717F1938F88FFE184516" box="[367,504,1880,1905]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Metaphalangium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="8" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirtanum">
<emphasis id="B95C6B220C61717F1938F88FFE184516" box="[367,504,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="51">M. cirtanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circum-Mediterranean region) have a wider range (
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Özdikmen
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). The present discovery in Rovno amber is a new genus record for the fossil harvestman fauna.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>