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<document id="83ADC26833C285BCE5AEBC072B9EC629" ID-CLB-Dataset="36056" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.8797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fac7953b-5b9b-4696-b49b-c23ef3bf038a" ID-PMC="PMC4978073" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-605-91" ID-PubMed="27551215" ID-ZooBank="F099E4DFB2454CF0A9A542EAEA4C78BB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-605-91" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 605" ModsDocTitle="First description of the male of Hiranetisatra St<53>l and new country records, with taxonomic notes on other species of Hiranetis Spinola (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae)" checkinTime="1468535346883" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gil-Santana, Helcio R." docDate="2016" docId="9D10A60C925B90CF98F3BA1B59719AF9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 605: 91-111" docOrigin="ZooKeys 605" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.8797" docTitle="Hiranetis membranacea Spinola 1840" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FF97F92AFFD1EC517335FFA6FF84FF92" masterDocTitle="First description of the male of Hiranetisatra Stal and new country records, with taxonomic notes on other species of Hiranetis Spinola (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="111" masterPageNumber="91" pageNumber="104" updateTime="1701384579994" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7728F6810F3B03CD753BDF6619751B40">First description of the male of Hiranetisatra Stal and new country records, with taxonomic notes on other species of Hiranetis Spinola (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66B89FA3D156FE3F6A0AC7D4CF3888E2">Gil-Santana, Helcio R.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="9D10A60C925B90CF98F3BA1B59719AF9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127853387" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D10A60C925B90CF98F3BA1B59719AF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D10A60C925B90CF98F3BA1B59719AF9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<subSubSection id="E125B01E7C73E64CA658427F38FD346D" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="0C75953F07FA7DE724C38F89608A6004" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Reduviidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="570AD46A75C1D61119B1FC1394DB2E47" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1E17969222B145A7C3990FEF78A05993" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="3C92082BDA531B8EFF754DF17B35F891" ID-CoL="3M3P6" authority="Spinola, 1840" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea Spinola, 1840</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CBA8505896A36E80DA7ADA14068ADD56" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9F5AC65D3055593648E9015DB2ADF646" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="55A410E07260CD6F149A64B695793D2A" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
Spinola, 1840: 113-114 [description];
<bibRefCitation id="6810B4137FEC8057A6B5A7B99AFC234D" author="Lethierry, L" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender &amp; Fils, Libraires-Editeurs, Berlin" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome III. Heteropteres. R." year="1896">Lethierry and Severin 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 178 [catalog];
<bibRefCitation id="7CCD3B48967951DD7EFF93D317F2DB40" author="Wygodzinsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Medicina Regional de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Monografia" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 102" title="Elenco sistematico de los reduviiformes americanos." volume="1" year="1949">Wygodzinsky 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 40 [catalog];
<bibRefCitation id="933FDC7E63FE3D81ED558AEFAD18E088" author="Maldonado, CJ" journalOrPublisher="1, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagueez" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No." year="1990">Maldonado 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 218 [catalog];
<bibRefCitation id="1A40426222A4FDC11D6851FFB8BE2F66" author="Gil-Santana, HR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="108" pagination="348 - 360" title="A new synonym of Graptocleptesbicolor (Burmeister), with taxonomical notes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorini)." url="10.11646/zootaxa.3700.3.2" volume="3700" year="2013">Gil-Santana et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
: 348 [citation].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47E7121E5AB41DF07F4C53A1DB336542" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="1EB0AB9C7E9296937A00A4DA6CCB2F20" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris membranaceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranaceus">Myocoris membranaceus</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0B2CDEB950ABE28B2B7FE3E701100746" author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="JL Lotzbeck, Nurnberg" pageId="17" pageNumber="108" title="Die wanzenartigen Insekten." year="1848">
<normalizedToken id="58E0057F363AFC68285BD4C06A5F25A5" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
1848
</bibRefCitation>
: 43 [redescription], Tab. CCLXI [Figure 811].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CC41A6A85E96D7FC70F02F96D72BFED1" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="82F6AD2FCF5B8CA27D053FA4184BB449" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
Burmeister, 1838: 107 [description];
<bibRefCitation id="3CA5DE4ABE33394715BC938EACE3544A" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Foerhandlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="235 - 302" title="Bidrag till Reduviidernas kaennedom." volume="23" year="1866">
<normalizedToken id="9C350E96A5F36643BEC5AEF4AEC8258B" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
1866
</bibRefCitation>
: 295 [citation];
<bibRefCitation id="4886EECD72A75983603B459B47A59F52" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="66 - 128" title="Enumeratio Reduviinorum Americae. In: Enumeratio Hemipterorum." volume="10" year="1872">
<normalizedToken id="4C5C54F28385E9DBA6B630F8AC51882E" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
1872
</bibRefCitation>
: 82 [as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="6CC132B84CA5D1A30AC3250CDC3F4123" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="2B3750502C583CD96D97951B0133459F" author="Walker, F" journalOrPublisher="Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Catalogue of the specimens of HemipteraHeteroptera in the Collection of the British Museum (Part VIII)." year="1873 b">Walker 1873b</bibRefCitation>
: 129 [catalog, as a valid species]; Lethierry &amp; Severin 1896: 178 [catalog, as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="448B919BC683CF8D160EAE1A9A616E7F" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
];
<bibRefCitation id="BF53C709B9F0BE3AA3560D59C8649B67" author="Maldonado, CJ" journalOrPublisher="1, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagueez" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No." year="1990">Maldonado 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 218 [catalog, as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A797DA92BE6C91D5D6E17F252F5A8921" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82E18B6999427313EBDBDD50A1E1D1DF" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="3EC00305F6CAAEAC4D495B8B62E2670B" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Hiranetis barbipes</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FCE96A3EDBB323E0E4ECBCFF0ECAE475" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Foerhandlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="363 - 386" title="Till kaennedomen om Reduvini." volume="16" year="1859">
<normalizedToken id="7936E01EA7D132EDE949FDB74D9377B4" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
1859
</bibRefCitation>
: 371 [citation in text, with footnote: &quot;=
<taxonomicName id="F5AC6B0DCC69DAA8D08AE00289FCADCD" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="membranaceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranaceus">membranaceus</taxonomicName>
Spin.; H. Sh.&quot;];
<bibRefCitation id="D483C1FCA3435C1C4F013AA1C2C76A9F" author="Wygodzinsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Medicina Regional de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Monografia" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 102" title="Elenco sistematico de los reduviiformes americanos." volume="1" year="1949">Wygodzinsky 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 40 [catalog, as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="1CAB55F739783172E6F666B247FB6613" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="371375070D72CFAAC15D0977851EB4D0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D8E737E264DA3A2F4C4C5037B9468E5E" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1AE7173059F849D05A268A2B4CD90952" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="4A3CBFC30E69716DA9A902470C1C3E65" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
, female,
<normalizedToken id="F1FA28D4EF40E24CA28FD524BF91E14F" originalValue="“typus”">&quot;typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
, labels: 2772 /
<taxonomicName id="17C5DC298CA6AD551452FB3D7A4D3E2B" class="Insecta" lsidName="barbipes" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">barbipes</taxonomicName>
, two unrecognizable markings, &amp;, ♀. / Bras. r. Olf. [green label] / Typus [red label] (ZMHB).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61EBF3494AF47288FF7E161B8882861D" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
The description of
<taxonomicName id="A2BFFD6183638A161F197B1D95DAF8B8" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hiranetis</taxonomicName>
mentioned some structural features, and also that their tibiae are all hairy (
<bibRefCitation id="353631C2C6015213D8D9F94B42829F0A" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere, Paris, France" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres. Chez J. - B." url="10.5962/bhl.title.48511" year="1840">Spinola 1840</bibRefCitation>
). This was followed by the description of
<taxonomicName id="F4B9857C84B6746CDA41E35D21AEC502" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
, based on one or more females and males from Brazil, without ascribing any specific locality to the specimens described. The antennae, body and legs of this species were recorded as black; the hemelytra as entirely membranous, blackish, often slightly darker at their base to their end, but all transparent: a large yellow spot, on three-quarters of their length on outer edge, and a smaller, hyaline, also on the external borders. Single measurements were attributed to the species (&quot;m. long 9. lign. Larg. 2. Lign.&quot;; approximately 20.3 and 4.5 mm, respectively).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91CCF14BCFAD8C61AB2F66CC6E0D8353" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
After making this short description,
<bibRefCitation id="806E8827145A8CF0BB1E60696DACE7CB" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere, Paris, France" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres. Chez J. - B." url="10.5962/bhl.title.48511" year="1840">Spinola (1840)</bibRefCitation>
commented that
<taxonomicName id="09B81E196E601DBAA94CD2450A1F76CF" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
did not seem to be rare in South America and often showed variation: 1 - in the coloration of the thorax and abdomen, which were black, brown or even testaceous; 2 - in the legs, which could have yellowish annulus or be entirely yellowish; 3 - in the coloration of the hemelytra, which could be lighter-colored or hyaline, even in the basal portion, in some specimens; 4 - in the size, which could be half of or a third smaller.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4E9F2F4F715C44259AEA242436142E07" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">However, he concluded by stating that the intermediary specimens that he had at hand left no doubt in his own mind regarding the unity of the species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B33F29183D370CA87BCAD1810ECC844" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
Unfortunately, it was not possible to locate any type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="53E545268AA17E37EFF147B0D7B4F19E" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
. The material described by Massimiliano Spinola (1780-1857) is in his collection, which is deposited in the &quot; Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali&quot;, Turin, Italy (
<bibRefCitation id="04EDBB5ECDF728732530F2B57B3EF7A2" author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history." year="1995">Schuh and Slater 1995</bibRefCitation>
). More than a decade ago, when looking for a type of other species described by M. Spinola (see
<bibRefCitation id="E5040C0924E1EB43F8C4E397CA674519" author="Forero, D" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia y Vectores" pageId="17" pageNumber="108" pagination="281 - 286" title="Revalidation of Heniartesaustralis Wygodzinsky, 1947 (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Apiomerinae)." volume="10" year="2003">Forero and Gil-Santana 2003</bibRefCitation>
), I contacted its [former] curator, Dr Mauro Daccordi, who kindly donated the catalogue of
<normalizedToken id="8F9EEAFD42C75120326072CFCFD9126A" originalValue="Spinola’s">Spinola's</normalizedToken>
hemipterological collection (
<bibRefCitation id="19CE5B5FE7584FB58F0A282E137C5379" author="Casale, A" journalOrPublisher="Cataloghi Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 120" title="Collezione emitterologica di Massimiliano Spinola." volume="2" year="1981">Casale 1981</bibRefCitation>
), clarifying that all extant specimens were listed there. There is no reference to any specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B9EAE8B01A6C40FDC5CD960E4E044EF6" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
in it. It is worth mentioning that after M.
<normalizedToken id="2A6C72296EADB463D5CABC78F6E3DC09" originalValue="Spinola’s">Spinola's</normalizedToken>
death (1857), his hemipterological collection remained in Tassarolo Castle until its acquisition by Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Turin in 1979 (
<bibRefCitation id="12F759480BD21833C70EB5919F65091A" author="Casolari, CR" journalOrPublisher="Cataloghi Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 165" title="Collezione imenotterologica di Massimiliano Spinola." volume="1" year="1980">Casolari and Moreno 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="390E943E88362892F377689A1E060C62" author="Casale, A" journalOrPublisher="Cataloghi Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 120" title="Collezione emitterologica di Massimiliano Spinola." volume="2" year="1981">Casale 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Taking into account &quot;the precarious conditions the Collection was exposed for over a century&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="BB4ADC752362AECAA365A9E7B5F9ADE2" author="Casale, A" journalOrPublisher="Cataloghi Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="1 - 120" title="Collezione emitterologica di Massimiliano Spinola." volume="2" year="1981">Casale 1981</bibRefCitation>
), the types of
<taxonomicName id="4683F810C3E810C154E6715AC8AD67AB" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
can be considered lost. Nonetheless, at the end of 2015, I contacted the current curator of the Museum, Dr Marinella Garzena, who also kindly confirmed that no specimens of this species are present there. Therefore, it must be assumed that no type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D7FFE16FC59D5A4A24425857FFD605BF" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
Spinola exist anymore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A86651BE78F386C9BCDB86774034416" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="13" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="6B94969B30EF2E81F2DE1DC956A1B7F8" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
was considered to be the largest species among several other species that were included in
<taxonomicName id="0E34265A1FA2E37672CDC492A0B078DC" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Myocoris</taxonomicName>
Burmeister, 1835, at that time (
<bibRefCitation id="68E8472C12599D2B20849DC4948E55B3" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="102 - 107" title="Some account of the genus Myocoris, of the family Reduvini." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1836.tb00303.x" volume="2" year="1838">Burmeister 1838</bibRefCitation>
). This species was recorded as coming from &quot;Rio Janeiro&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="F733D63A4E1E68C2833E2DB0151E8C5E" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="102 - 107" title="Some account of the genus Myocoris, of the family Reduvini." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1836.tb00303.x" volume="2" year="1838">Burmeister 1838</bibRefCitation>
). Its female
<normalizedToken id="5937441026963C1857FC53EA50D67866" originalValue="“typus”">&quot;typus&quot;</normalizedToken>
is deposited in ZMHB (Figs 25-27). Regarding its type locality, &quot;Rio Janeiro&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="4E614FDD0C932D0AE8E0B9B6916145C5" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="102 - 107" title="Some account of the genus Myocoris, of the family Reduvini." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1836.tb00303.x" volume="2" year="1838">Burmeister 1838</bibRefCitation>
) may correspond to the current municipality of Rio de Janeiro or, because of the historical scenario at the beginning of the nineteenth century, more likely it should be extended to the state of Rio de Janeiro or even to some of the contiguous states in southeastern Brazil as they are currently delimited. In fact, the handwritten de
<pageBreakToken id="545F34FD6200468A88E2F4BE311DC7FE" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" start="start">scription</pageBreakToken>
on the green label attached to the type seems to read &quot;Bras. r. Olf.&quot; (Fig. 27). It is known that in 1816, Ignaz Franz Werner Maria von Olfers arrived in Rio de Janeiro with the Legation of Prussia to study Brazilian nature. He collected extensively in trips from the state of Rio de Janeiro to the contiguous states of Minas Gerais and
<normalizedToken id="438A6073B1C722194379D05E06743082" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo, and back to Rio de Janeiro, in the years 1818 to 1820. His collection, including insects, was then sent to museums in Vienna and Berlin (
<bibRefCitation id="EBBD1207FC7236370D62076C927E2FC7" author="Papavero, N" journalOrPublisher="Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essays on the history of Neotropical Dipterology, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. 1." url="10.5962/bhl.title.101715" year="1971">Papavero 1971</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E856510FAAEB116C28B58645D6C90A1D" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
<paragraph id="B90C192456E71E53EE85677397F5B4BC" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
Figures 25-27.
<taxonomicName id="3390EFDDAD3CA1C6FD924D55A40F2A9E" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
Burmeister, female, Typus&quot;, deposited in ZMHB. 25 dorsal view 26 ventral view 27 labels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0360BFBABBE5D03F8BD01E1FF9F75C97" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
<bibRefCitation id="9C1760C0330B5F0D690E7D9AB8EBCBC2" author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="JL Lotzbeck, Nurnberg" pageId="17" pageNumber="108" title="Die wanzenartigen Insekten." year="1848">
<normalizedToken id="9FCEA800AE9BD8894E4BD7E502514EC0" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
(1848)
</bibRefCitation>
provided a figure (habitus) and a short diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="660FFC66B3B34A3771D6D3B1D2F052C8" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName id="9B09FE0852B72E65A816CE4A9E20C007" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris membranaceus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranaceus">Myocoris membranaceus</taxonomicName>
). The diagnosis referred only to color features: [general coloration] red; antenna, head, femora apices, tibiae and tarsi black; hemelytra pale yellowish with a median band and apex dark. He then commented on the variation in coloration and size, as had previously been recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="DB1680D9063CE80FAF13A2AC6C32A268" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere, Paris, France" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres. Chez J. - B." url="10.5962/bhl.title.48511" year="1840">Spinola (1840)</bibRefCitation>
for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38FA48F9999A51660D51D7A9691794C7" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
In a footnote,
<bibRefCitation id="E49E64E82039916C715EC1D825FA373B" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Foerhandlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="363 - 386" title="Till kaennedomen om Reduvini." volume="16" year="1859">
<normalizedToken id="2EE513A77636977AADA3431BF27D4E28" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
(1859)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned
<taxonomicName id="D265551CDB32F4EF510A843682191D77" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Hiranetis barbipes</taxonomicName>
(&quot;=
<taxonomicName id="0CA171E10B37D6CE587EC543F45A33C8" class="Insecta" lsidName="membranaceus" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranaceus">membranaceus</taxonomicName>
Spin.; H. Sh.&quot;). On the other hand, in
<bibRefCitation id="D1ECE858B064DEB4DE7137DE4914A7C9" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="66 - 128" title="Enumeratio Reduviinorum Americae. In: Enumeratio Hemipterorum." volume="10" year="1872">
<normalizedToken id="F941445BCA32E97D89A4F434591EB043" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
(1872)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="D919CAB46C4B10244DEF1AA92C468045" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
was set as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="AED1285EEBBCC106400EB0C62AE0C649" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
. There was no mention of the reasons for attributing synonymy to these two species. However, with exception of Walker (1873), this was adopted in all the subsequent catalogues (
<bibRefCitation id="7F898BBE7348DB69E5687924C8772F99" author="Lethierry, L" journalOrPublisher="Friedlaender &amp; Fils, Libraires-Editeurs, Berlin" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Catalogue general des Hemipteres. Tome III. Heteropteres. R." year="1896">Lethierry and Severin 1896</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="271DFC469B3D6A9AEF0829A8FC301BFD" author="Wygodzinsky, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Medicina Regional de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Monografia" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="1 - 102" title="Elenco sistematico de los reduviiformes americanos." volume="1" year="1949">Wygodzinsky 1949</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="CA5D98EFCACF4F0B497E7ECCC4B01F25" author="Maldonado, CJ" journalOrPublisher="1, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagueez" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No." year="1990">Maldonado 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A8BCE1AED77025C0A67A57B370014F22" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="14" pageNumber="105">
<bibRefCitation id="10F343A87B205E4AE317B624AC274BAD" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="66 - 128" title="Enumeratio Reduviinorum Americae. In: Enumeratio Hemipterorum." volume="10" year="1872">
<normalizedToken id="55F27CA495C28F90BAF756E47F46146D" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
(1872)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded features of structure and vestiture in his diagnosis of the species of
<taxonomicName id="7D38EF066877B5B5A386FADC672FCD29" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hiranetis</taxonomicName>
. However, it is unlikely that these will be helpful in ascertaining better characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="C92C5931E5D819732AE044AE787B4EA9" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
, so as to remove doubts regarding the validity of the synonymy that he proposed, and/or to provide better knowledge about the diagnostic features of all taxa discussed here. Firstly because he reported that he had examined a single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="E27E649E85ED2B124CEC84B8341EDE07" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
from
<normalizedToken id="35D2A82FC1B63568BEB4412820E8962F" originalValue="“Brasilia”">&quot;Brasilia&quot;</normalizedToken>
[i.e., country of Brazil], which he stated was deposited in the Museum of Stockholm [&quot;Mus. Holm.&quot;]. Taking into consideration all the historical data on types of
<taxonomicName id="71A26E80AF57CFACCCE0A672226F22D5" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="105" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
, there is
<pageBreakToken id="5819E0CEF8565F497CEABE2CA29BA5CC" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" start="start">no</pageBreakToken>
evidence that this specimen could be a type. In this case, it becomes clear that he did not examine the type of
<taxonomicName id="A7A3A675B2E288E2E6F70C1838519776" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
that is still extant and is deposited in Berlin (ZMHB; Figs 25-27), even though he placed
<taxonomicName id="0C2B826118BCDCD3F38FAA5A8E25FC4E" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Myocoris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Myocoris barbipes" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbipes">Myocoris barbipes</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="25121C126CEB73012E4DA515F83D3930" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
. Similarly, regarding
<taxonomicName id="F5679DE63A732C64F6B3D2C84D1AA8D0" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis braconiformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconiformis">Hiranetis braconiformis</taxonomicName>
, he also cited &quot;Mus. Holm.&quot;, thus denoting that he probably used other specimen(s) but not the type (also deposited in ZMHB; Figs 18-20) to define the features of the latter species. Secondly, among those features, some are common to other species of
<taxonomicName id="B08792A5DBE15B5CF44A87E5C06B915D" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hiranetis</taxonomicName>
and coincide with the diagnosis of the genus, or may even be common to species of other genera. Some other features are known to vary among specimens and the possibility of inter-individual variation was probably not taken into consideration at that time. Thirdly, as discussed below, the recorded variations in
<taxonomicName id="13744E881D4492569A8641CD8625CB23" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6AC8CB2AF2CB81A14687EE7CE023C078" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere, Paris, France" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres. Chez J. - B." url="10.5962/bhl.title.48511" year="1840">Spinola 1840</bibRefCitation>
) and H. [cf.]
<taxonomicName id="734C8916873DF78724D3A64A4962ACF2" class="Insecta" lsidName="braconiformis" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconiformis">braconiformis</taxonomicName>
(Champion 1848), the similarities in coloration between them and the absence of records of other or better features of each of them when they were originally described (
<bibRefCitation id="2A1BF5119DEA6590C1349B4A48F10861" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere, Paris, France" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres. Chez J. - B." url="10.5962/bhl.title.48511" year="1840">Spinola 1840</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="4EC8CFC63290C51212B6D55AB1D001FA" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Theodor Christian Friedrich Enslin, Berlin" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" title="Handbuch der Entomologie. Zweiter Band." year="1835">Burmeister 1835</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EDBCFDCF2B750E29C836E9DCCD4E85C7" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="102 - 107" title="Some account of the genus Myocoris, of the family Reduvini." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1836.tb00303.x" volume="2" year="1838">1838</bibRefCitation>
) make any identification imprecise. This compromises the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName id="B5D295F3050AC07D07AE430441A6FF7A" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis membranacea" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="membranacea">Hiranetis membranacea</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3C12F6B466DF2B37B698E8214413409A" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Hiranetis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hiranetis braconiformis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="braconiformis">Hiranetis braconiformis</taxonomicName>
furnished by
<bibRefCitation id="4E06E5C9A24DDD53F3096EEDF628AFCB" author="Stal, C" journalOrPublisher="Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" pagination="66 - 128" title="Enumeratio Reduviinorum Americae. In: Enumeratio Hemipterorum." volume="10" year="1872">
<normalizedToken id="7FFD92031FDF1871369B5D0B0154CDC8" originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
(1872)
</bibRefCitation>
, because it seems that he did not examine any type specimens of these species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1A9B1B4FC0F9F51B85BC74F6062DD2D" pageId="15" pageNumber="106" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="708961268E3AD0F91C02A973BC7CBF55" pageId="15" pageNumber="106">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FD2B64ABCD87B9CEE1EB6D49DF10C01E" pageId="15" pageNumber="106">
Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="2E968ABCC111162A333C338CCBD2157A" author="Spinola, M" journalOrPublisher="Bailliere, Paris, France" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Essai sur les Insectes Hemipteres Rhyngotes ou Heteropteres. Chez J. - B." url="10.5962/bhl.title.48511" year="1840">Spinola 1840</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6B2C01EFB67B2BFBC393817020B94D4F" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="16" pageNumber="107" pagination="102 - 107" title="Some account of the genus Myocoris, of the family Reduvini." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1836.tb00303.x" volume="2" year="1838">Burmeister 1838</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EB8683597B5BD6FEFCD356FEDCFACB46" author="Herrich-Schaeffer, GAW" journalOrPublisher="JL Lotzbeck, Nurnberg" pageId="17" pageNumber="108" title="Die wanzenartigen Insekten." year="1848">
<normalizedToken id="989307BE0CFC1037062414DD7C0B445C" originalValue="Herrich-Schäffer">Herrich-Schaeffer</normalizedToken>
1848
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="82751A2619065168FE8AD52420DB9D97" author="Maldonado, CJ" journalOrPublisher="1, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagueez" pageId="18" pageNumber="109" title="Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the World. Caribbean Journal of Science, Special publication No." year="1990">Maldonado 1990</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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