334 lines
38 KiB
XML
334 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="DE88E39DA0E6791ABB3A46654F5AC69A" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3838.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="14ea769e-30af-41de-9afc-b50dd262fb92" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="227652" ID-ZooBank="1B077693-C08F-49D6-965A-260D08C566DB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460460216010" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sandes, Joana & Pinheiro, Ulisses" docDate="2014" docId="057387CDFFACFF8F8FEBFD5FFAEC5A39" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03838p461.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3838 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Smenospongia ramosa Sandes & Pinheiro, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="457" masterDocId="F94AFFB5FFA6FF838F7CFF93FF925C63" masterDocTitle="Dictyoceratida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (Northeastern Brazil, Sergipe State) and the description of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="461" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="455" updateTime="1698303545887" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="4B8D2C06547E380008B6808C23D00C34" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8157B076BD5C43F522A3C155674DD832">
|
||
<mods:title id="733FC865C68CB361242A908FEA9B4B4F">Dictyoceratida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (Northeastern Brazil, Sergipe State) and the description of three new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="04CC88DCF1BE154EB52781E95E61C4AC" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DCBAF534C89C8DCD03F4F005765D24C8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D1A2ADAB74CE1FD513611E0BE5C9F20B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="68A036315F89243BC0C8ED2BFA7F7687">Sandes, Joana</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CF7E27E82CDA7FA5AB6ECFB803A3650A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9552A03E0214C3A753C367DDBFE191B2">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="25A308A2CA0A09555E1E4C14C682D091">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B367E23A1506FE01E206BFCD3DE61B18">Pinheiro, Ulisses</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="D27F9912459B4CF8143ACB063932B354">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="778482ACF6C94B7266E6FFB9C62E1A3D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="770213FCEB118DFA70DE68540BAE5491">
|
||
<mods:title id="E67E0B1E5F6FD91389B08EB2D806280D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F2D4C15C505BB0E10DEA4745A64DB0F4">
|
||
<mods:date id="D8DB1A531A38A602ABFEF05C708EEE33">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AE568D51E1EE5FFBEF7D21C69C1AA8A0" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="929B962F5D7E4FD77DA85D34EC916812">3838</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AF7E734CE7D2E7DF1B922C15B16CFF5C" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="2C60766A46222F84A3423BDE510F9663">4</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D681568828A38CE682A475EDEBACFFE0" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="CAE0E1093B64A7963C2BC4760F829678">445</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="DF5520BD8F855A77A67032385F4AD34C">461</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="E1B291974033C4DA553D56DE9ACB4E22">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="050740247A10AD42ABC58E46B0F2DDC0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3838.4.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FE6DC42276F4926495014D1C61E41D38" type="GBIF-Dataset">14ea769e-30af-41de-9afc-b50dd262fb92</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="63E1DDB1932DF958C46901837EEBB116" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D91B1D035CB1C200AE8652B1053245CA" type="Zenodo-Dep">227652</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="776B649A5FE28D2D1E153EBA27AC66C1" type="ZooBank">1B077693-C08F-49D6-965A-260D08C566DB</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="057387CDFFACFF8F8FEBFD5FFAEC5A39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6123442" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119512045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6123442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:057387CDFFACFF8F8FEBFD5FFAEC5A39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/057387CDFFACFF8F8FEBFD5FFAEC5A39" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF898FEBFD5FFE395F6B" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FEBFD5FFD9C5E84" blockId="10.[151,526,716,776]" box="[151,526,716,743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<heading id="D62D81B7FFACFF898FEBFD5FFD9C5E84" bold="true" box="[151,526,716,743]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FEBFD5FFD9C5E84" bold="true" box="[151,526,716,743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898FEBFD5FFE385E85" ID-CoL="6YRTJ" box="[151,426,716,742]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FEBFD5FFE385E85" bold="true" box="[151,426,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49D57B2FFACFF898ECCFD5EFD9C5E84" box="[432,526,717,743]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FEBFD7CFE395F6B" blockId="10.[151,526,716,776]" box="[151,427,751,776]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">(Fig. 1–4; Fig. 5; Tab. 3)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF898FEBFCA4FF435FFB" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FEBFCA4FF435FFB" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FEBFCA4FECE5F33" bold="true" box="[151,348,823,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<typeStatus id="52618879FFACFF898FEBFCA4FF405F33" box="[151,210,823,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype—MNRJ17621, off Pirambu (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E8EE501CFFACFF898C5BFCA4FC3C5F33" box="[807,942,823,848]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="15" value="-10.76">10º45’36’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E8EE501CFFACFF898CC4FCA4FBDE5F33" box="[952,1100,823,848]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="15" value="-36.602222">36º36’08’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), Sergipe State,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CD764BFFACFF898A77FCA4FAC05F33" box="[1291,1362,823,848]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFACFF898A1CFCABFA0E5F2C" box="[1376,1436,824,848]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth, coll. Cosme Assis and Damião Assis,
|
||
<date id="F964101BFFACFF898DF3FCCFFC935F17" box="[655,769,860,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2003-07">July 2003</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="52618879FFACFF898C77FCCEFCE05F16" box="[779,882,861,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: UFPEPOR1627 (same data from
|
||
<typeStatus id="52618879FFACFF898B88FCCFFACA5F16" box="[1268,1368,860,885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (Fig. 1–4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF898FBBFC37FD1E5F83" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFC37FD1E5F83" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFC37FED35FDE" bold="true" box="[199,321,932,957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898E34FC37FE795FD8" box="[328,491,932,955]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898E34FC37FE795FD8" box="[328,491,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of ramose shape, composed by laminated and uncored primary and secondary fibers 60–70 µm and 20–40 µm wide, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF898FBBFC7FFA895947" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFC7FFE0F5813" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFC7FFEC05866" bold="true" box="[199,338,1004,1029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 5A–B). Ramose sponge, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="52618879FFACFF898D9BFC7FFCDB5866" box="[743,841,1004,1029]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is
|
||
<date id="F964101BFFACFF898C0CFC7FFC365867" box="[880,932,1004,1028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="1917-10">17 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFACFF898CD1FC7FFC6E5867" box="[941,1020,1004,1029]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
(length x width). Conulose surface, with conules
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFACFF898E50FB83FE1A5844" box="[300,392,1040,1064]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
high and
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFACFF898E8BFB83FDC15844" box="[503,595,1040,1064]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
apart from each other. Some depressions on its surface were observed. The oscules are scattered over the surface, less than
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFACFF898DCFFBA7FD67582F" box="[691,757,1076,1100]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The consistency is very soft, spongy, with dark brown color in ethanol.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFBEFFD7E58BE" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFBEFFEBC58F6" bold="true" box="[199,302,1148,1173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 5C–E). The skeleton consists of lamellate and uncored primary and secondary fibers 60–70 µm and 20–40 µm wide, respectively (Fig. 5C). Primary fibers have an axial and granular pith (Fig. 5D). Meshes are oval, circular and polygonal, 50–620 µm in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFB74FC955963" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" box="[199,775,1255,1280]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFB74FEB95963" bold="true" box="[199,299,1255,1280]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens were found at
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFACFF898DFDFB7BFD28589C" box="[641,698,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFA9FFA895947" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" box="[199,1307,1292,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFA9FFD965946" bold="true" box="[199,516,1292,1317]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Tropical Southwestern Atlantic, Northeastern of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CD764BFFACFF898B51FA9FFBE65946" box="[1069,1140,1292,1317]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sergipe State.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF898FBBFABCFB17592B" box="[199,1157,1327,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFABCFB17592B" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" box="[199,1157,1327,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFABCFEDC592B" bold="true" box="[199,334,1327,1352]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name refers to its diagnostic characteristic, the ramose habit.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF898FBBFAC7FB635A26" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBFAC7FB635A26" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBFAC7FEA9590E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1364,1389]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898E3FFAC7FE745908" box="[323,486,1364,1387]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898E3FFAC7FE745908" box="[323,486,1364,1387]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the absence of dermal armour, reticulated skeleton of lamellate fibers with distinction between primary and secondary fibers, and surface with honeycomb pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898A47FAE4FECA59D7" author="Cook" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Cook, S. de C., Bergquist, P. R. (2002 c) Family Thorectidae. In: Hooper, J. N. A. & van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: A guide to the supraspecific classification of the phylum Porifera. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1040 - 1062." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="c">Cook & Bergquist 2002c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This genus consists of seven species, distributed by Caribe,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CD764BFFACFF898B3CFA0FFB2C59D6" box="[1088,1214,1436,1461]" name="Micronesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F5CD764BFFACFF898B83FA0FFA0B59D6" box="[1279,1433,1436,1461]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898FEBFA53FDC459BB" authority="Hyatt, 1875" authorityName="Hyatt" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,598,1471,1496]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FEBFA53FE0159BB" box="[151,403,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia aurea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898ECFFA53FDDC59BB" author="Hyatt" box="[435,590,1471,1496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Hyatt, A. (1875) Revision of the North American Poriferae; with Remarks upon Foreign Species. Part I. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 399 - 408." type="journal article" year="1875">Hyatt, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898D08FA53FA0559BB" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[628,1431,1471,1496]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cerebriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898D08FA53FC5559BB" box="[628,967,1472,1496]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia cerebriformis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898C9BFA2CFA1D59BB" author="Duchassaing" box="[999,1423,1471,1496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Duchassaing F. de P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Nat. Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem, 21 (2), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898FEBFA77FD3D599E" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1986" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,687,1508,1533]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="conulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FEBFA77FE3C599F" box="[151,430,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia conulosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898EC1FA77FD3D599E" author="Pulitzer-Finali" box="[445,687,1508,1533]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1986) A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Annali del Museo civico di storia natural Giacomo Doria, 86, 65 - 216." type="journal article" year="1986">Pulitzer-Finali, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898DBEFA77FC5C599F" box="[706,974,1508,1532]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dysodes">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898DBEFA77FC5C599F" box="[706,974,1508,1532]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia dysodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898B72FA77FB4F599E" author="Laubenfels" box="[1038,1245,1508,1533]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1954) The Sponges of the West-Central Pacific. Oregon State College, Oregon, 306 pp." type="book" year="1954">Laubenfels, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898B85FA77FF705A43" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898B85FA77FF705A43" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia echina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898E68F994FE5D5A43" author="Lubenfels" box="[276,463,1543,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Laubenfels, M. W. de (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91 (17), 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">Lubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898E98F99BFB105A43" authority="Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864" authorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" authorityYear="1864" box="[484,1154,1543,1568]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="musicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898E98F99BFD6A5A43" box="[484,760,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia musicalis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898C7BF994FBEB5A43" author="Duchassaing" box="[775,1145,1543,1568]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Duchassaing F. de P. & Michelotti, G. (1864) Spongiaires de la mer Caraibe. Nat. Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem, 21 (2), 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1864">Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898BC5F99BFEB15A26" authority="Levi, 1969" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1969" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nuda">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898BC5F99BFA0E5A43" box="[1209,1436,1544,1568]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia nuda</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898FE3F9BFFE895A26" author="Levi" box="[159,283,1580,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Levi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 41 (4), 952 - 997." type="journal article" year="1969">Lévi, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898E1FF9BFFDB35A27" author="Soest" box="[355,545,1580,1604]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., Voogd, N. J. de, Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R, Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, C. M. & Cardenas, P. (2014) World Porifera Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / (accessed 1 April 2014)" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898EDAF9BEFE4C5A27" box="[422,478,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), of which none are recorded in Tropical Southwestern Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C5C06550FFACFF8F8FBBF9C3FAEC5A39" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="457" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFACFF898FBBF9C3FBAE5B97" blockId="10.[151,1437,823,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898FBBF9C3FEF95A04" ID-CoL="84TNL" box="[199,363,1616,1639]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898FBBF9C3FEF95A04" box="[199,363,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a reticulated skeleton of primary and secondary fibers and very dark color change on death and on exposure to air. These are characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898D83F9E7FC175AEE" ID-CoL="84KVS" box="[767,901,1652,1677]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Thorectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898CB9F9E7FBDD5AEE" box="[965,1103,1652,1677]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Aplysinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. This debate is widely reported in the literature, since this genus is sometimes included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898C9FF904FBF85AD3" box="[995,1130,1687,1712]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Aplysinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Wiendenmayer 1977, van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898FEBF92FFE8F5AB7" author="Soest" box="[151,285,1724,1748]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (1978) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. In: Hummelinck, P. W., van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 94. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 56 (179), pp. 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1978">Soest 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898E4EF92FFDB15AB6" author="Schmitt" box="[306,547,1724,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Schmitt, S., Hentschel, U., Zea, S., Dandekar, T. & Wolf, M. (2005) ITS- 2 and 18 S rRNA gene phylogeny of Aplysinidae (Verongida, Demospongiae). J Mol Evol, 60, 327 - 336. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00239 - 004 - 0162 - 0" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Schmitt
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898EE4F92EFE4B5AB7" box="[408,473,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and sometimes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898C62F92FFC365AB6" ID-CoL="84KVS" box="[798,932,1724,1749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Thorectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898CC7F92FFBE65AB7" author="Bergquist" box="[955,1140,1724,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1980) A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 7 (4), 443 - 503." type="journal article" year="1980">Bergquist 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898BF4F92FFA835AB7" author="Cook" box="[1160,1297,1724,1749]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Cook, S. de C. (2007) Clarification of dictyoceratid taxonomic characters, and the determination of genera. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G (Eds.). Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 265 - 274." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on morphology, Wiendemayer (1977) and van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898DDDF973FCA45A9B" author="Soest" box="[673,822,1760,1784]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van. (1978) Marine sponges from Curacao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. In: Hummelinck, P. W., van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 94. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 56 (179), pp. 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1978">Soest (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898B3CF973FB715A94" ID-CoL="84TNL" box="[1088,1251,1760,1783]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898B3CF973FB715A94" box="[1088,1251,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
including it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898FEBF897FEB05B7E" box="[151,290,1796,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Aplysinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898E51F897FE795B7F" author="Bergquist" box="[301,491,1796,1821]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1980) A revision of the supraspecific classification of the orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and Verongida (class Demospongiae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 7 (4), 443 - 503." type="journal article" year="1980">Bergquist (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
observed secondary metabolites in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898C00F897FBB25B78" ID-CoL="84TNL" box="[892,1056,1796,1819]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898C00F897FBB25B78" box="[892,1056,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that were identical to metabolites of other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898EFBF8B4FD825B23" ID-CoL="84KVS" box="[391,528,1831,1856]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Thorectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but found no brominated compounds in species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898BE3F8BBFAD05B5C" ID-CoL="84TNL" box="[1183,1346,1832,1855]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898BE3F8BBFAD05B5C" box="[1183,1346,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These compounds are shared by all species of the Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898DBAF8DFFC675B07" authority="Bergquist, 1978" authorityName="Bergquist" authorityYear="1978" box="[710,1013,1868,1893]" class="Demospongiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="order">
|
||
Verongida
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898C3CF8DFFC675B07" author="Bergquist" box="[832,1013,1868,1893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Bergquist, P. R. (1978) Sponges. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 268 pp." type="book" year="1978">Bergquist, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although they are also found in other genera outside of this order (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898E97F8E3FDA55BEB" ID-CoL="84L77" box="[491,567,1904,1928]" class="Demospongiae" family="Agelasidae" genus="Agelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agelasida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898E97F8E3FDA55BEB" box="[491,567,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Agelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898DB1F8E3FC795BEB" author="Soest" box="[717,1003,1903,1928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Soest, R. W. M. van & Braekman, J. - C. (1999) Chemosystematics of Porifera: a review. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 44, 569 - 589." type="journal article" year="1999">Soest & Braekman 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898B54F8E3FBFC5BE4" box="[1064,1134,1904,1927]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Jaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898B54F8E3FBFC5BE4" box="[1064,1134,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Jaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898BADF8FCFA025BEB" author="Kim" box="[1233,1424,1903,1928]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Kim, D. Y., Lee, I. S., Jung, J. H., Yang, S. I. (1999) Psammaplin A, a natural bromotyrosine derivative from a sponge, possesses the antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusand the DNA gyrase-inhibitory activity. Arch Pharmacol Res, 22, 25 - 29." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Kim
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898A71F8E2FADB5BEB" box="[1293,1353,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, based on molecular studies,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898D1AF807FCF25BCE" box="[614,864,1940,1965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Schmitt, S., Hentschel, U., Zea, S., Dandekar, T. & Wolf, M. (2005) ITS- 2 and 18 S rRNA gene phylogeny of Aplysinidae (Verongida, Demospongiae). J Mol Evol, 60, 327 - 336. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00239 - 004 - 0162 - 0" type="journal article">
|
||
Schmitt
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898DB7F806FC9B5BCF" box="[715,777,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
relocated the genus to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898BFFF807FA9F5BCE" box="[1155,1293,1940,1965]" class="Demospongiae" family="Aplysinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Verongida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Aplysinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was contested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898E4CF82BFE515BB3" author="Cook" box="[304,451,1976,2001]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Cook, S. de C. (2007) Clarification of dictyoceratid taxonomic characters, and the determination of genera. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G (Eds.). Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 265 - 274." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cook (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898DCAF82BFCCB5BAC" ID-CoL="84TNL" box="[694,857,1976,1999]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFACFF898DCAF82BFCCB5BAC" box="[694,857,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should stay in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFACFF898B71F82BFB015BB2" ID-CoL="84KVS" box="[1037,1171,1976,2001]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Thorectidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
until all species of the genus are reviewed. Here, we prefer to follow the Cook’s proposition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E94B4B2AFFACFF898CD1F84FFBA25B97" author="Cook" box="[941,1072,2012,2037]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" refString="Cook, S. de C. (2007) Clarification of dictyoceratid taxonomic characters, and the determination of genera. In: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G (Eds.). Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 265 - 274." type="book chapter" year="2007">Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFAAFF8F8FBBFF04FAFE5D07" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
|
||
The new species belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8D7DFF0BFD365CCC" ID-CoL="84TNL" box="[513,676,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8D7DFF0BFD365CCC" box="[513,676,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">Smenospongia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of reticulated skeleton of lamellate primary and secondary fibers, with no foreign debris, and dark brown color when fixed.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8B68FF2FFA845CB7" ID-CoL="6YRTJ" box="[1044,1302,188,212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8B68FF2FFA845CB7" box="[1044,1302,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">Smenospongia ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8A5DFF2FFAEC5CB6" bold="true" box="[1313,1406,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49D57B2FFAAFF8F8A5DFF2FFAEC5CB6" box="[1313,1406,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from all species in this genus by its ramose form. This new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8B98FF73FAD85C9B" ID-CoL="6YS5K" box="[1252,1354,224,248]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="echina">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8B98FF73FAD85C9B" box="[1252,1354,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">S. echina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8E5AFE97FE055D7F" ID-CoL="6YRTJ" box="[294,407,260,284]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8E5AFE97FE055D7F" box="[294,407,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">S. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8EE2FE97FE6B5D7E" bold="true" box="[414,505,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49D57B2FFAAFF8F8EE2FE97FE6B5D7E" box="[414,505,260,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
due to the presence of cored fibers and black color. The new species resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8AFBFE97FF455D23" ID-CoL="4XVDY" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="aurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8AFBFE97FF455D23" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">S. aurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the presence of primary fibers with a dark axial region, without foreign debris, and also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8AFBFEBBFF795D07" ID-CoL="6YRTJ" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8AFBFEBBFF795D07" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">S. ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its massive growth form, dark color and large fibers (40–180 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8C8DFEDEFBAB5D07" box="[1009,1081,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">versus</emphasis>
|
||
20–70 µm wide) (Table 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8D6536DBFFAAFF8F8FEBF9B5FAEC5A39" blockId="12.[151,1436,1573,1626]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
|
||
F
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8FD9F9B6FE865A58" bold="true" box="[165,276,1573,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">IGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4ADA4D58FFAAFF8F8E61F9B5FD945A5F" ID-CoL="6YRTJ" box="[285,518,1574,1596]" class="Demospongiae" family="Thorectidae" genus="Smenospongia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ramosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8E61F9B5FD945A5F" box="[285,518,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">Smenospongia ramosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="BFAEEAC9FFAAFF8F8D73F9B5FDF15A58" bold="true" box="[527,611,1574,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A49D57B2FFAAFF8F8D73F9B5FDF15A58" box="[527,611,1574,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A)
|
||
<typeStatus id="52618879FFAAFF8F8DE5F9B6FD655A58" box="[665,759,1573,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(MNRJ 17621); (B)
|
||
<typeStatus id="52618879FFAAFF8F8CA5F9B5FBA35A58" box="[985,1073,1574,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(UFPEPOR1627); (C) Reticulated skeleton of isolated spongin fibers; (D) Primary fiber; (E) Secondary fiber. Scale bars: A–B,
|
||
<quantity id="4A229B3EFFAAFF8F8B3EF9D7FBE55A39" box="[1090,1143,1604,1626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
; C, 205 µm; D–E, 21 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |