224 lines
35 KiB
XML
224 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="AE3E530DF2E4DD2A0B6B4E4885BC4896" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112084" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10483578" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1704936520995" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Szűcs, Zsolt, Cziáky, Zoltán, Kiss-Szikszai, Attila, Sinka, László, Vasas, Gábor & Gonda, Sándor" docDate="2019" docId="03F9FF41FFADE8679F3BFD09FA80940B" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.167.112084.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry 167" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112084" docStyle="DocumentStyle:9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007.6:Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="9E596C34F4E94307D29315B03ACE1007" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2014-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Tilia platyphyllos Scop." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="FFC08739FFACE8669F5FFF9FFF8E965E" masterDocTitle="Comparative metabolomics of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. bracts during phenological development" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1706644729690" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="281D929187F8FA37D15E95331382DE86">Comparative metabolomics of Tilia platyphyllos Scop. bracts during phenological development</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="800D87D2C4C0273EC5E891A8A6D67290" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F2264FBBDD145D5E03747578786F11D6">Szűcs, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B27F1C3E0FA1E229A8926132E69D7F6">* & University of Debrecen, Department of Botany, Division of Pharmacognosy, H- 4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9E3D2CD270794A8C8BBAFC85207F4653">Cziáky, Zoltán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6654EA681BCC2351017257E74961C511">Kiss-Szikszai, Attila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="89FE51AD86AB6FBE858EA7F2AF318378">Sinka, László</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55884CD5B47ADEF0111C211F7C8D4BA9">Vasas, Gábor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C82B4367D5C854316AB29190E436FA92">Gonda, Sándor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1241C18AFED7684F15BCF2F57DAC7CEE">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="939B2D738F26BB6F442E578FFA61B9C6">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F9FF41FFADE8679F3BFD09FA80940B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F9FF41FFADE8679F3BFD09FA80940B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F9FF41FFADE8679F3BFD09FA80940B" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C34A1DDCFFADE8679F3BFD09FD2594F7" box="[100,683,661,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679F3BFD09FD2594F7" blockId="1.[100,683,661,681]" box="[100,683,661,681]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0A7F93BFFADE8679F3BFD09FD2594F7" bold="true" box="[100,683,661,681]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679F3BFD09FD2594F7" bold="true" box="[100,683,661,681]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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2.1. Identified specialized metabolites of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679E8AFD09FDE194F7" ID-CoL="7CC2T" authority="Scop." authorityName="Scop." box="[469,623,662,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platyphyllos">Tilia platyphyllos</taxonomicName>
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bracts
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679FDAFD52FF5995D6" blockId="1.[100,770,717,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Bracts of various phenological stages were shown to contain various phenolic compounds, based on the identification of LC-ESI-MS spectra (
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<tableCitation id="C6D27BECFFADE8679F33FC9AFF3A9546" box="[108,180,773,792]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[100,150,161,178]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Identified and putatively identified natural products from Tilia platyphyllos bracts of various phenological stages. Identification is based on the listed references and comparison with authentic standards. Class abbreviations: Coum, coumarins; Flav, flavonoids (including catechins and procyanidins); Qui, quinic acid derivates; Sacch, saccharides. References: K, Karioti et al. (2014); M, Mulroney et al., 1995; MSA, Mohd Shukri and Alan, 2010; P, Parejo et al. (2004); SR, SR.; V, Vukics and Guttman (2010)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2F1EDFFFAEE8649F3BFF3EFF7D9746" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="DF2F1EDFFFAEE8649F3BFF3EFF7D9746">Table 1</tableCitation>
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). Several flavonoids, including kaempferol, quercetin and luteolin glycosides, as well as catechin derivatives, procyanidins, coumarin derivatives and quinic acid derivatives were identified according to reference spectra (see section 4.6.), along with some non-phenolic compounds.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679FDAFC0FFD139350" blockId="1.[100,770,717,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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As specialized metabolites were only tentatively identified, description of novel compounds was not attempted. The compounds found were previously found in inflorescences of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679D64FC57FD0A9585" box="[571,644,968,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679D64FC57FD0A9585" bold="true" box="[571,644,968,987]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tilia sp.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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consisting of the bract and the flowers. Procyanidin oligomers, catechin and epicatechin were found in Tiliae flos (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679EF4FB9FFDE8924D" author="Karioti, A. & Chiarabini, L. & Alachkar, A. & Fawaz Chehna, M. & Vincieri, F. F. & Bilia, A. R." box="[427,614,1024,1043]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="205 - 214" refId="ref9761" refString="Karioti, A., Chiarabini, L., Alachkar, A., Fawaz Chehna, M., Vincieri, F. F., Bilia, A. R., 2014. HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analyses of Tiliae flos and its preparations. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 100, 205 - 214. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jpba. 2014.08.010." type="journal article" year="2014">Karioti et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
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), and flavonoid hexosides, deoxyhexosides were described from inflorescences of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679DB0FB83FF4F9215" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="americana">
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679DB0FB83FF4F9215" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. americana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679F8EFBA7FE779215" author="Aguirre-Hernandez, E. & Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E. & Martinez, A. L. & Moreno, J. & Kite, G. & Terrazas, T. & Soto-Hernandez, M." box="[209,505,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="91 - 97" refId="ref8923" refString="Aguirre-Hernandez, E., Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E., Martinez, A. L., Moreno, J., Kite, G., Terrazas, T., Soto-Hernandez, M., 2010. HPLC / MS analysis and anxiolytic-like effect of quercetin and kaempferol flavonoids from Tilia americana var. mexicana. J. Ethnopharmacol. 127, 91 - 97." type="journal article" year="2010">Aguirre-Hernández et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679D59FBA7FD7A9215" author="Perez-Ortega, G. & Guevara-Fefer, P. & Chavez, M. & Herrera, J. & Martinez, A. & Martinez, A. L. & Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E." box="[518,756,1080,1099]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="461 - 468" refId="ref10520" refString="Perez-Ortega, G., Guevara-Fefer, P., Chavez, M., Herrera, J., Martinez, A., Martinez, A. L., Gonzalez-Trujano, M. E., 2008. Sedative and anxiolytic efficacy of Tilia americana var. mexicana inflorescences used traditionally by communities of State of Michoacan, Mexico. J. Ethnopharmacol. 116, 461 - 468. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jep. 2007.12.007." type="journal article" year="2008">Pérez-Ortega et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
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). Specifically regarding
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<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679E66FBCBFE339239" box="[313,445,1108,1127]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platyphyllos">
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679E66FBCBFE339239" bold="true" box="[313,445,1108,1127]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. platyphyllos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, kaempferol and quercetin monoglycosides, diglycosides as well as catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin B2 have been described (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679ED2FB13FDCF92C1" author="Jabeur, I. & Martins, N. & Barros, L. & Calhelha, R. C. & Vaz, J. & Achour, L. & Santos-Buelga, C. & Ferreira, I. C. F. R." box="[397,577,1164,1183]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="975 - 984" refId="ref9665" refString="Jabeur, I., Martins, N., Barros, L., Calhelha, R. C., Vaz, J., Achour, L., Santos-Buelga, C., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., 2017. Contribution of the phenolic composition to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor potential of Equisetum giganteum L. and Tilia platyphyllos Scop. Food Funct 8, 975 - 984. https: // doi. org / 10.1039 / C 6 FO 01778 A." type="journal article" year="2017">Jabeur et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
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). However, it is unclear how much of these compounds come from the botanical flowers, as only
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679FF2FB5CFED19288" author="Toker, G. & Aslan, M. & Ito, S." box="[173,351,1219,1238]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="111 - 121" refId="ref11249" refString="Toker, G., Aslan, M., Ye s ilada, E., Memi s o g lu, M., Ito, S., 2001. Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content in officinal Tiliae flos and Turkish lime species for quality assessment. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 26, 111 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0731 - 7085 (01) 00351 - X." type="journal article" year="2001">Toker et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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specifically examined the bract, providing a comparison to flowers and leaves. They found that the bract has a similar composition to that of the leaves (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679EBAFB64FD019350" author="Toker, G. & Aslan, M. & Ito, S." box="[485,655,1275,1294]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="111 - 121" refId="ref11249" refString="Toker, G., Aslan, M., Ye s ilada, E., Memi s o g lu, M., Ito, S., 2001. Comparative evaluation of the flavonoid content in officinal Tiliae flos and Turkish lime species for quality assessment. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 26, 111 - 121. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0731 - 7085 (01) 00351 - X." type="journal article" year="2001">Toker et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679F3BFAACFD369318" blockId="1.[100,696,1331,1350]" box="[100,696,1331,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D0A7F93BFFADE8679F3BFAACFD369318" bold="true" box="[100,696,1331,1350]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679F3BFAACFD369318" bold="true" box="[100,696,1331,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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2.2. Seasonal variation of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679E26FAACFDC99318" box="[377,583,1331,1350]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="platyphyllos" subSpecies="bract">Tilia platyphyllos bract</taxonomicName>
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metabolome
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34A1DDCFFADE8679FDAFAF4FA80940B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679FDAFAF4FF0790B6" blockId="1.[100,771,1387,1992]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The overall changes in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679EDAFAF4FD869320" box="[389,520,1387,1406]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platyphyllos">
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679EDAFAF4FD869320" bold="true" box="[389,520,1387,1406]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T. platyphyllos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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bract metabolome change are plotted as a PCA score plot (
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<figureCitation id="136B52D2FFADE8679EC6FA18FE5493C4" box="[409,474,1415,1434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1229,1246]" captionTargetBox="[321,1263,153,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-541@3.[321,1266,152,1207]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Photos of Tilia platyphyllos bracts at various sampling time points and phenological stages. Photos were taken before drying. (a) day 0, (b) day 27, (c) day 42, (d) day 52, (e) day 88, (f) day 104." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10483580/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
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).
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and
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were chosen as they were most affected by time (
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=
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). It is obvious that severe changes occur in the metabolome between days 0–32, before flowering, especially during the major growth phase of the bract (days 0–21) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136B52D2FFADE8679E45FA69FEC19057" box="[282,335,1526,1545]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1229,1246]" captionTargetBox="[321,1263,153,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-541@3.[321,1266,152,1207]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Photos of Tilia platyphyllos bracts at various sampling time points and phenological stages. Photos were taken before drying. (a) day 0, (b) day 27, (c) day 42, (d) day 52, (e) day 88, (f) day 104." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10483580/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136B52D2FFADE8679E03FA69FE329057" box="[348,444,1526,1545]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[100,130,1229,1246]" captionStartId-1="4.[100,130,1082,1099]" captionStartId-2="5.[100,130,1409,1426]" captionStartId-3="6.[100,130,1835,1852]" captionTargetBox-0="[321,1263,153,1207]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1361,152,1059]" captionTargetBox-2="[302,1285,152,1386]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1399,152,1812]" captionTargetId-0="figure-541@3.[321,1266,152,1207]" captionTargetId-1="figure-640@4.[227,1361,152,1059]" captionTargetId-2="figure-349@5.[302,1285,152,1386]" captionTargetId-3="figure-1@6.[189,1399,152,1812]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Photos of Tilia platyphyllos bracts at various sampling time points and phenological stages. Photos were taken before drying. (a) day 0, (b) day 27, (c) day 42, (d) day 52, (e) day 88, (f) day 104." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Pearson correlation heatmap of the filtered, scaled and centered dataset of 504 metabolites from Tilia platyphyllos bracts during the organ's lifetime. Numbering and letters in the colored rectangles show cluster numbers and subgroups, respectively." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Heatmap of the relative abundance of 504 metabolites from Tilia platyphyllos bracts during the organ's lifetime, ordered by hierarchical clustering based on change kinetics. Metabolite-wise autoscaled data are shown: the quantitative change is presented as compared to the average value over time (shown as 0). Numbering and letters in the colored rectangles show cluster numbers and subgroups, respectively." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Possible classifications and chemical characteristics of the identified and putatively identified natural products from Tilia platyphyllos bracts, along the clusters identified by comparing concentration change kinetics. Jittering along x-axes is arbitrary, it is to help evaluation of dense regions; y-axis coordinates match that on the hierarchical cluster tree. Numbering and letters in the colored rectangles show cluster numbers and subgroups, respectively. Subplots: (a) Metabolite class based on aglycone. Quinic acid – cinnamic acid conjugates are shown as quinic acid here; (b) Flavonoid aglyca. Non-flavonoid compounds were not plotted; (c) Total amount of sugar moieties attached, all putatively identified compounds shown; (d) Saccharide side-chain types, all putatively identified compounds shown." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483580" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483582" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483584" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483586" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10483580/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10483582/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10483584/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10483586/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. S1–4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the young organ (days 0–21), the metabolome is extremely different from the metabolome during the flowering and later developmental stages. Later on, a relative stability can be observed during flowering, followed by a slow characteristic change during fruit growth, and rapid changes from the onset of senescence (days 72–112). As
|
||
<figureCitation id="136B52D2FFADE8679E29F91DFE3690CB" box="[374,440,1666,1685]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1229,1246]" captionTargetBox="[321,1263,153,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-541@3.[321,1266,152,1207]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Photos of Tilia platyphyllos bracts at various sampling time points and phenological stages. Photos were taken before drying. (a) day 0, (b) day 27, (c) day 42, (d) day 52, (e) day 88, (f) day 104." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10483580" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10483580/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||
only covers a small proportion of variance of the whole change (9.68% and 5.85%, respectively), it is better to examine the change kinetics of the major groups, as detailed in 2.4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679FDAF96EFB519690" blockId="1.[100,771,1387,1992]" lastBlockId="1.[818,1488,159,597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
The significance of the effects of time and tree number was also studied using
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED41D692FFADE8679FB9F892FEBE917E" box="[230,304,1805,1824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">ANOVA</collectionCode>
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models for each compound separately (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D27BECFFADE8679DFCF892FD7A917E" box="[675,756,1805,1824]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[100,150,161,178]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Table 1 Identified and putatively identified natural products from Tilia platyphyllos bracts of various phenological stages. Identification is based on the listed references and comparison with authentic standards. Class abbreviations: Coum, coumarins; Flav, flavonoids (including catechins and procyanidins); Qui, quinic acid derivates; Sacch, saccharides. References: K, Karioti et al. (2014); M, Mulroney et al., 1995; MSA, Mohd Shukri and Alan, 2010; P, Parejo et al. (2004); SR, SR.; V, Vukics and Guttman (2010)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2F1EDFFFAEE8649F3BFF3EFF7D9746" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="DF2F1EDFFFAEE8649F3BFF3EFF7D9746">Table S1</tableCitation>
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||
). After Bonferroni correction (n = 504), 241 features turned out to be significantly (
|
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<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679FB7F8DAFF7C9106" bold="true" box="[232,242,1861,1880]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">p</emphasis>
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<
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5) affected by time (47.82% of features). Of these, 202 (40.07%) were highly significant (
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<
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6). The difference among trees was only significant for 6.34% of all metabolites studied (n = 32), while the interaction between the two experimental factors was only significant in the case of a single feature (0.19%).
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set of 15 metabolites (2.97%) showed significant differences (
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<
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5) between trees and sampling times as well.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679C0CFF48FB1B97BB" blockId="1.[818,1488,159,597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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||
Studies dealing with the seasonal variability of specialized metabolites in plant organs usually have much lower resolution than the current study (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679CE1FE90FBDF977C" author="Dai, W. & Qi, D. & Yang, T. & Guo, L. & Zhang, Y. & Zhu, Y. & Peng, Q. & Xie, D. & Tan, J. & Lin, Z." box="[958,1105,271,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="9869 - 9878" refId="ref9143" refString="Dai, W., Qi, D., Yang, T., Lv, H., Guo, L., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Peng, Q., Xie, D., Tan, J., Lin, Z., 2015. Nontargeted analysis using ultraperformance liquid chromatography - quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry uncovers the effects of harvest season on the metabolites and taste quality of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 63, 9869 - 9878. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / acs. jafc. 5 b 03967." type="journal article" year="2015">Dai et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679B01FE90FA84977C" author="Vagiri, M. & Conner, S. & Stewart, D. & Andersson, S. C. & Verrall, S. & Johansson, E. & Rumpunen, K." box="[1118,1290,271,290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="135 - 142" refId="ref11523" refString="Vagiri, M., Conner, S., Stewart, D., Andersson, S. C., Verrall, S., Johansson, E., Rumpunen, K., 2015. Phenolic compounds in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) leaves relative to leaf position and harvest date. Food Chem. 172, 135 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. foodchem. 2014.09.041." type="journal article" year="2015">Vagiri et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679A49FE90FCEC9760" author="Valares Masa, C. & Sosa Diaz, T. & Alias Gallego, J. C. & Chaves Lobon, N." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="275" refId="ref11605" refString="Valares Masa, C., Sosa Diaz, T., Alias Gallego, J. C., Chaves Lobon, N., 2016. Quantitative variation of flavonoids and diterpenes in leaves and stems of Cistus ladanifer L. At different ages. Molecules 21, 275. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / molecules 21030275." type="journal article" year="2016">Valares Masa et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679C2FFEB4FB999760" author="Yang, W. & Alanne, A. - L. & Liu, P. & Kallio, H. & Yang, B." box="[880,1047,299,318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="9269 - 9276" refId="ref11875" refString="Yang, W., Alanne, A. - L., Liu, P., Kallio, H., Yang, B., 2015. Flavonol glycosides in currant leaves and variation with growth season, growth location, and leaf position. J. Agric. Food Chem. 63, 9269 - 9276. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / acs. jafc. 5 b 04171." type="journal article" year="2015">Yang et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679B7AFEB4FB569760" author="Zhang, L. & Yang, M. & Gao, J. & Jin, S. & Wu, Z. & Wu, L. & Zhang, X." box="[1061,1240,299,318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="36 - 44" refId="ref12056" refString="Zhang, L., Yang, M., Gao, J., Jin, S., Wu, Z., Wu, L., Zhang, X., 2016. Seasonal variation and gender pattern of phenolic and flavonoid contents in Pistacia chinensis Bunge inflorescences and leaves. J. Plant Physiol. 191, 36 - 44. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jplph. 2015.11.014." type="journal article" year="2016">Zhang et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is not enough to adequately detect several trends. For example, in the case of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679A27FED8FC259728" author="Salminen, J. - P. & Roslin, T. & Karonen, M. & Sinkkonen, J. & Pihlaja, K. & Pulkkinen, P." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1693 - 1711" refId="ref10784" refString="Salminen, J. - P., Roslin, T., Karonen, M., Sinkkonen, J., Pihlaja, K., Pulkkinen, P., 2004. Seasonal variation in the content of hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoid glycosides, and proanthocyanidins in Oak leaves. J. Chem. Ecol. 30, 1693 - 1711. https: // doi. org / 10. 1023 / B: JOEC. 0000042396.40756. b 7." type="journal article" year="2004">Salminen et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679C81FEFCFA9F9728" author="Tuominen, A. & Salminen, J. - P." box="[990,1297,355,374]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="6387 - 6403" refId="ref11398" refString="Tuominen, A., Salminen, J. - P., 2017. Hydrolyzable tannins, flavonol glycosides, and phenolic acids show seasonal and ontogenic variation in Geranium sylvaticum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 65, 6387 - 6403. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / acs. jafc. 7 b 00918." type="journal article" year="2017">Tuominen and Salminen (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, phenomena would have been missed with a typical once-a-month sampling. Using the untargeted metabolomics approach complemented quantification of a set of compounds after calibration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679BCCFE29FAF39797" author="Cosmulescu, S. & Trandafir, I. & Nour, V." box="[1171,1405,438,457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="575 - 580" refId="ref9029" refString="Cosmulescu, S., Trandafir, I., Nour, V., 2014. Seasonal variation of the main individual phenolics and juglone in walnut (Juglans regia) leaves. Pharm. Biol. 52, 575 - 580. https: // doi. org / 10.3109 / 13880209.2013.853813." type="journal article" year="2014">Cosmulescu et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), giving much more insight (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679CACFE4DFB0997BB" author="Dai, W. & Qi, D. & Yang, T. & Guo, L. & Zhang, Y. & Zhu, Y. & Peng, Q. & Xie, D. & Tan, J. & Lin, Z." box="[1011,1159,466,485]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="9869 - 9878" refId="ref9143" refString="Dai, W., Qi, D., Yang, T., Lv, H., Guo, L., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Peng, Q., Xie, D., Tan, J., Lin, Z., 2015. Nontargeted analysis using ultraperformance liquid chromatography - quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry uncovers the effects of harvest season on the metabolites and taste quality of tea (Camellia sinensis L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 63, 9869 - 9878. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / acs. jafc. 5 b 03967." type="journal article" year="2015">Dai et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF4E57FFADE8679C0CFE71FA80940B" blockId="1.[818,1488,159,597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
The metabolome of young tissues was also shown to be substantially different from that of the older organs in leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679A59FD95FAE59443" box="[1286,1387,522,541]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679A59FD95FAE59443" bold="true" box="[1286,1387,522,541]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Quercus sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679A27FD95FC2F9467" author="Salminen, J. - P. & Roslin, T. & Karonen, M. & Sinkkonen, J. & Pihlaja, K. & Pulkkinen, P." pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1693 - 1711" refId="ref10784" refString="Salminen, J. - P., Roslin, T., Karonen, M., Sinkkonen, J., Pihlaja, K., Pulkkinen, P., 2004. Seasonal variation in the content of hydrolyzable tannins, flavonoid glycosides, and proanthocyanidins in Oak leaves. J. Chem. Ecol. 30, 1693 - 1711. https: // doi. org / 10. 1023 / B: JOEC. 0000042396.40756. b 7." type="journal article" year="2004">Salminen et al., 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679C8EFDB9FA419467" authority="(Tuominen and Salminen, 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Tuominen and Salminen" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[977,1487,550,569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Geranium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sylvaticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679C8EFDB9FB019467" bold="true" box="[977,1167,550,569]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Geranium sylvaticum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679BC0FDB9FA499467" author="Tuominen, A. & Salminen, J. - P." box="[1183,1479,550,569]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="6387 - 6403" refId="ref11398" refString="Tuominen, A., Salminen, J. - P., 2017. Hydrolyzable tannins, flavonol glycosides, and phenolic acids show seasonal and ontogenic variation in Geranium sylvaticum. J. Agric. Food Chem. 65, 6387 - 6403. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / acs. jafc. 7 b 00918." type="journal article" year="2017">Tuominen and Salminen, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5035D4FFADE8679C2AFDDDFA84940B" authority="(Valares Masa et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Valares Masa" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[885,1290,578,597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cistaceae" genus="Cistus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ladanifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9249245FFADE8679C2AFDDDFB8F940B" bold="true" box="[885,1025,578,597]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cistus ladanifer</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC133A6FFADE8679B4FFDDDFA8E940B" author="Valares Masa, C. & Sosa Diaz, T. & Alias Gallego, J. C. & Chaves Lobon, N." box="[1040,1280,578,597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="275" refId="ref11605" refString="Valares Masa, C., Sosa Diaz, T., Alias Gallego, J. C., Chaves Lobon, N., 2016. Quantitative variation of flavonoids and diterpenes in leaves and stems of Cistus ladanifer L. At different ages. Molecules 21, 275. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / molecules 21030275." type="journal article" year="2016">Valares Masa et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |