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<mods:title id="E58082B9B884874C48896439D1508BB2">Revision of the Nearctic Species of the Shore-Fly Genus Scatophila Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="4D4FC3B71CC2D42ECD9B62F403CF8DDA">Institute of Biology, Opole University, ul. Oleska 22, 45 - 052 Opole, Poland zatwar @ uni. opole. pl; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2163 - 0143</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A8B37F3F97C737A9D1ADB791D10FE57B">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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12.
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A607B60FF1AFF73546AFF4B" ID-CoL="4V449" authority="Sturtevant and Wheeler" authorityName="Sturtevant and Wheeler" box="[195,768,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtirostris">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A607B60FF1AFF7356A6FF48" bold="true" box="[195,460,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Scatophila hirtirostris</emphasis>
Sturtevant and Wheeler
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<paragraph id="8BC736A13A607B60FF4EFF5F56F3FF2F" blockId="51.[151,768,151,213]" box="[151,409,187,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<figureCitation id="13432A243A607B60FF4EFF5F5799FF2F" box="[151,243,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 8991" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1140,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-70@46.[151,1435,1140,1920]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 8991. Head, thorax and wing of Scatophila. 89. Scatophila viridella Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler, head and thorax, dorsal view. 9091. Wing, dorsal view. 90. S. bolwigi sp. nov. 91. S. hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210835/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 91</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13432A243A607B60FF26FF5F560EFF2F" box="[255,356,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 100103" captionStart-1="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId-0="51.[151,264,1785,1809]" captionStartId-1="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1435,617,1761]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId-0="figure-139@51.[151,1435,617,1761]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId-0="51" captionTargetPageId-1="52" captionText-0="FIGURES 100103. Head of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 100. Male, laterooblique view. 101. Male, lateral view. 102. Female, latero-oblique view. 103. Female, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210843" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13210843/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">100106</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13432A243A607B60FEB6FF5F56F3FF2F" box="[367,409,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 129" captionStartId="59.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,817]" captionTargetId="figure-27@59.[151,1435,181,817]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 129. Distribution map of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler (circles), and S. unicornis Czerny (squares) in Nearctic Region" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210863/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">129</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AD910B03A607B60FF4EFEE4559CFEE2" author="Sturtevant, A. H. &amp; Wheeler, M. R." box="[151,758,255,280]" page="194" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1954">
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<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A607B60FF4EFEE45616FEE2" box="[151,380,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Scatophila hirtirostris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B503A607B60FE5EFEE4559CFEE2" author="Sturtevant, A. H. &amp; Wheeler, M. R." box="[391,758,255,280]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="151 - 257" refId="ref70834" refString="Sturtevant, A. H. &amp; Wheeler, M. R. (1954) Synopses of Nearctic Ephydridae (Diptera). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 79, 151 - 257." type="journal article" year="1954">Sturtevant and Wheeler 1954: 194</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B503A607B60FCCCFEE454ACFEED" author="Wirth, W. W." box="[789,966,255,280]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="734 - 759" refId="ref70987" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1965) Ephydridae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W., Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. W. &amp; Coulson, J. R. (Eds.), A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico. Handbook 276. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 734 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1965">Wirth 1965: 758</bibRefCitation>
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[
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A607B60FC0FFEE45345FEE2" box="[982,1071,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nearctic" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nearctic</taxonomicName>
catalog].—
<treatmentCitation id="0AD910B03A607B60FB7EFEE452F6FEE2" author="Zatwarnicki, T." box="[1191,1436,256,280]" page="293" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B503A607B60FB7EFEE452F6FEE2" author="Zatwarnicki, T." box="[1191,1436,256,280]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="277 - 298" refId="ref71260" refString="Zatwarnicki, T. (1987) New synonyms and records of Palearctic Scatophila (Diptera, Ephydridae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 57 (2), 277 - 298." type="journal article" year="1987">Zatwarnicki 1987: 293</bibRefCitation>
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[checklist].—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B503A607B60FE94FEFA55D9FECC" author="Zatwarnicki, T. &amp; Mathis, W. N." box="[333,691,286,310]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="351 - 370" refId="ref71480" refString="Zatwarnicki, T. &amp; Mathis, W. N. (1994) Phylogeny and classification of the genus Scatophila Becker (Diptera: Ephydridae). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 29 (4), 351 - 370. [1993] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21686351.1993.12277698" type="journal article" year="1994">Zatwarnicki and Mathis 1994: 364</bibRefCitation>
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[phylogeny,
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A607B60FCE3FEFA54ECFECC" box="[826,902,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">noctula</emphasis>
group].—
<treatmentCitation id="0AD910B03A607B60FC37FEFA5238FECC" author="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T." box="[1006,1362,286,310]" page="283" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE94B503A607B60FC37FEFA5238FECC" author="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T." box="[1006,1362,286,310]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 423" refId="ref70301" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). International Memoirs on Entomology, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 283</bibRefCitation>
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[world catalog].
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</paragraph>
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Diagnosis.—This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Small to moderately small shore flies, body length
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.
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<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A607B60FF1EFE2F566EFE1F" box="[199,260,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Head</emphasis>
(
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): Mesofrons and fronto-orbital plate blackish brown; parafrons charcoal black; face of
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with a stout medial conical tubercle nearly as large as basal flagellomere, tubercle with a ventromedial papilla-like structure. Gena moderately short, subequal to half height of basal flagellomere. Gena short, gena-to-eye ratio 0.170.19.
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<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A607B60FF4EF91D5602F8EB" bold="true" box="[151,360,1785,1809]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FIGURES 100103</emphasis>
. Head of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A607B60FE14F91D54F2F8EB" authority="Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler." authorityName="Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler." box="[461,920,1785,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtirostris">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A607B60FE14F91D55C7F8EB" box="[461,685,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Scatophila hirtirostris</emphasis>
Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler.
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100. Male, laterooblique view. 101. Male, lateral view. 102. Female, latero-oblique view. 103. Female, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
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</caption>
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<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A677B67FF4EFC4D560CFC3B" bold="true" box="[151,358,937,961]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FIGURES 104106</emphasis>
. Male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A677B67FDE9FC4D549FFC3B" authority="Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler." authorityName="Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler." box="[560,1013,937,961]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtirostris">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A677B67FDE9FC4D5465FC3B" box="[560,783,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Scatophila hirtirostris</emphasis>
Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler.
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104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
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<paragraph id="8BC736A13A677B67FF1EFBBF559FFAB7" blockId="52.[151,1437,1115,2006]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A677B67FF1EFBBF5672FB8F" box="[199,280,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FEF2FBBF56E7FB8C" box="[299,397,1115,1142]" captionStart="FIGURES 8991" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1140,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-70@46.[151,1435,1140,1920]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 8991. Head, thorax and wing of Scatophila. 89. Scatophila viridella Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler, head and thorax, dorsal view. 9091. Wing, dorsal view. 90. S. bolwigi sp. nov. 91. S. hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210835/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 91</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FE44FBB856A1FB8C" box="[413,459,1116,1142]" captionStart="FIGURES 119121" captionStartId="57.[151,264,875,899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,851]" captionTargetId="figure-27@57.[151,1435,181,851]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 119121. Head and thorax, dorsal view. 119. Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 120. S. tuberculosa Cresson. 121. S. unicornis Czerny. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210857/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">119</figureCitation>
): Mesonotum (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FDA2FBBF55B7FB8C" box="[635,733,1115,1142]" captionStart="FIGURES 119121" captionStartId="57.[151,264,875,899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,851]" captionTargetId="figure-27@57.[151,1435,181,851]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 119121. Head and thorax, dorsal view. 119. Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 120. S. tuberculosa Cresson. 121. S. unicornis Czerny. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210857/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
) tannish brown with grayish vertical stripes; scutum mostly brown with faint to evident pattern of linear gray areas anterior, laterad of acrostichal tracks; sometimes with a thin, medial, gray stripe; presutural dorsocentral setae lacking. Wing (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FC72FB475497FB44" box="[939,1021,1187,1214]" captionStart="FIGURES 8991" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1140,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-70@46.[151,1435,1140,1920]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 8991. Head, thorax and wing of Scatophila. 89. Scatophila viridella Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler, head and thorax, dorsal view. 9091. Wing, dorsal view. 90. S. bolwigi sp. nov. 91. S. hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210835" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210835/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
) variable, infuscate, pattern of white spots conspicuous; veins R
<subScript id="17FC34E43A677B67FE1EFB3E568BFB12" attach="left" box="[455,481,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">2+3</subScript>
and R
<subScript id="17FC34E43A677B67FDF1FB3E5528FB12" attach="left" box="[552,578,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">4+5</subScript>
sinuous; cell r
<subScript id="17FC34E43A677B67FD3EFB3E5585FB12" attach="left" box="[743,751,1242,1256]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
with a single, weak, basal white area, or wing very pale, not appearing spotted; costal vein ratio 0.240.27; M
<subScript id="17FC34E43A677B67FD11FB1A55BAFAF6" attach="left" box="[712,720,1278,1292]" fontSize="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">1</subScript>
vein ratio 0.590.62; knob of halter yellowish. Legs generally dark colored; femora and tibiae blackish brown with sparse microtomentum; tarsi black; male midfemur lacking row of spine-like setulae along posteroventral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A677B67FF1EFAB35229F82F" blockId="52.[151,1437,1115,2006]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A677B67FF1EFAB3565BFA8B" box="[199,305,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FE9AFAB35686FA8B" box="[323,492,1367,1393]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 104106</figureCitation>
): Generally black, subshiny to shiny, especially on apical tergites, basal tergites at most thinly microtomentose medially and lateroventrally. Male terminalia (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FC39FA9F53EDFA6F" box="[992,1159,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs. 104106</figureCitation>
): Epandrium in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FF07FA7B5655FA40" box="[222,319,1439,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
) generally obovate except for broadly truncate ventral margin and shallowly and roundly angulate lateral margins, width at angulate midheight only slightly less than overall height, width of ventral margin slightly greater than height of cercal opening; dorsal margin of epandrium in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FB85FA0353D6F9F8" box="[1116,1212,1511,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
) somewhat broadly rounded from very shallowly curved dorsomedial section above cercal opening; epandrial setae about equal in length, sparser medially and laterally, more abundant along ventral margin; height of cercal opening about 0.40 epandrial height; cerci in posterior view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FDB9F9B755D5F994" box="[608,703,1619,1646]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
) semihemispherical; aedeagus in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FB1EF9B7524CF997" box="[1223,1318,1619,1645]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
) generally appearing as 2 boxes attached at their corners, base truncate, thereafter dorsally and ventrally flat, dorsal flattened margin part of deep excavation with a wide opening, posterior rectangular box with anterodorsal angle greatly produced, this extension roundly tapered along dorsal margin to a point, ventral margin of extension with basal short lobe and wide notch before pointed apex, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FCFBF90754EBF904" box="[802,897,1763,1790]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
) as a square basal position, thereafter narrowed, tapered to broadly rounded apex; ventral aedeagal process shallowly C-shaped; phallapodeme in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FAB6F8E357A8F8BF" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
) elongate, narrow, shallowly curved, widest at midlength with slightly elevated keel, in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FAECF8CF52FEF8BC" box="[1333,1428,1835,1862]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 105</figureCitation>
) T-shaped, basal crossbar about half length of medial process, crossbar shallowly sinuous along anterior margin; postgonite in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FE0AF897555CF877" box="[467,566,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
) generally V-shaped, vertex pointed, posterior arm wider, with thumb-like extension, bearing setulae along posterodorsal margin, dorsal arm narrowly rectangular, ventral arm of V longer and thinner than dorsal arm; neohypandrium in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A677B67FCC8F85F541AF82F" box="[785,880,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURES 104106" captionStartId="52.[151,264,937,961]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,189,904]" captionTargetId="figure-30@52.[151,1435,181,913]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 104106. Male terminalia of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler. 104. Epandrium and cerci, posterior view. 105. Internal male terminalia (gonite, phallapodeme, aedeagus, neohypandrium), ventral view. 106. Same, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210845/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
) narrow, bowl shaped, narrow, strap-like.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0766293A667B66FF4EFC5753D1FC15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13210847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210847/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" startId="53.[151,264,947,971]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,923]" targetPageId="53" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A667B66FF4EFC5753D1FC15" blockId="53.[151,1437,947,1007]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FF4EFC575600FC31" bold="true" box="[151,362,947,971]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURES 107109</emphasis>
. Head, thorax and wing of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FD54FC575593FC31" box="[653,761,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FD54FC575593FC31" box="[653,761,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 107.
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FCE7FC575495FC31" authorityName="Zatwarnicki &amp; Mathis USNM" authorityYear="2024" box="[830,1023,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolwigi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FCE7FC575495FC31" box="[830,1023,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Scatophila bolwigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FBDEFC575330FC31" bold="true" box="[1031,1114,947,971]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23F57C83A667B66FBDEFC575330FC31" box="[1031,1114,947,971]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, head and thorax, dorsal view. 108109. Wing, dorsal view. 108.
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FE2AFC335588FC15" authority="Cresson." authorityName="Cresson." box="[499,738,983,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FE2AFC3355EEFC15" box="[499,644,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
Cresson.
</taxonomicName>
109.
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FCC3FC33534FFC15" authority="Czerny. Scale" authorityName="Czerny. Scale" box="[794,1061,983,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicornis">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FCC3FC3354FEFC15" box="[794,916,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">S. unicornis</emphasis>
Czerny. Scale
</taxonomicName>
bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A667B66FF1EFBA6550AFB11" blockId="53.[151,1437,1089,1800]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Type Material.—
<collectingCounty id="62A64E2D3A667B66FE53FBA556DCFBA1" box="[394,438,1089,1115]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">The</collectingCounty>
<typeStatus id="54C388033A667B66FE66FBA5554BFBA1" box="[447,545,1089,1115]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male of
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FD52FBA553F0FBA1" authority="Sturtevant and Wheeler" authorityName="Sturtevant and Wheeler" box="[651,1178,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtirostris">
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FD52FBA554EEFBA1" box="[651,900,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Scatophila hirtirostris</emphasis>
Sturtevant and Wheeler
</taxonomicName>
is labeled “
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FAFAFBA552F6FBA1" box="[1315,1436,1089,1115]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">SteeseHya</collectingMunicipality>
[the Steese Highway runs northeast from Fairbanks,
<collectingRegion id="49BCF8433A667B66FD38FB815458FB85" box="[737,818,1125,1151]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Alaska</collectingRegion>
]
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FCE4FB815419FB85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FCE4FB815419FB85" box="[829,883,1125,1151]" county="The" municipality="SteeseHya" name="Alak" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Alaska">Alak</location>
<specimenCode id="DBDE9EDA3A667B66FCA3FB8254AEFB85" box="[890,964,1125,1152]" collectionCode="MP" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="53" pageNumber="54">MP 37</specimenCode>
[Mile Post 37, “37” handwritten] IX-3-48 [
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FF46FB6D5648FB59" box="[159,290,1161,1187]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1948-09-03">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FF46FB6D5648FB59" box="[159,290,1161,1187]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1948-09-03">3 Sep 1948</collectingDate>
</date>
] GJefferson/
<collectingCounty id="62A64E2D3A667B66FE6DFB6D5504FB59" box="[436,622,1161,1187]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Alaskans Project</collectingCounty>
[
<collectingRegion id="49BCF8433A667B66FDA5FB6D55A7FB59" box="[636,717,1161,1187]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Alaska</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FD0DFB6E541AFB59" box="[724,880,1161,1188]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Insect Project</collectingMunicipality>
]/
<typeStatus id="54C388033A667B66FCA7FB6D5378FB59" box="[894,1042,1161,1187]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FBC0FB6D52F7FB59" authority="Stvt &amp; Whlr" authorityName="Stvt &amp; Whlr" box="[1049,1437,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtirostris">Scatophila hirtirostris Stvt &amp; Whlr</taxonomicName>
[red].”
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FF31FB49567EFB3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FF31FB49567EFB3D" box="[232,276,1197,1223]" county="Alaskans Project" municipality="Insect Project" name="The" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Alaska">The</location>
<typeStatus id="54C388033A667B66FEC3FB495616FB3D" box="[282,380,1197,1223]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is glued to a paper triangle, is in good condition [right hind leg missing, tarsomeres of left leg missing], and is deposited in the
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FDDEFB355536FB11" box="[519,604,1233,1259]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A667B66FF1EFB115201F9A9" blockId="53.[151,1437,1089,1800]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Other Specimens Examined.—
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FDF0FB1255ECFAC9" collectingDate="2003-08-10" country="United States of America" latitude="64.793335" location="Chena Lake Recreation Area" longLatPrecision="100" longitude="-147.19" municipality="North Star" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
<collectingCountry id="F36F76313A667B66FDF0FB12546BFAF5" box="[553,769,1269,1296]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FCD6FB1253EEFAEA" box="[783,1156,1269,1296]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
ALASKA. Fairbanks
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FBD8FB115314FAEA" box="[1025,1150,1269,1296]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">North Star</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FB56FB1157A7FACE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FB56FB1157A7FACE" country="United States of America" latitude="64.793335" longLatPrecision="100" longitude="-147.19" municipality="North Star" name="Chena Lake Recreation Area" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Alaska">Chena Lake Recreation Area</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FF02FAFD563BFAC9" box="[219,337,1305,1331]" degrees="64" direction="north" minutes="47.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="64.793335">64°47.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FE82FAFD5689FAC9" box="[347,483,1305,1331]" degrees="147" direction="west" minutes="11.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-147.19">147°11.4'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FE2CFAFD55ECFAC9" box="[501,646,1305,1332]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2003-08-10">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FE2CFAFD55ECFAC9" box="[501,646,1305,1332]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2003-08-10">10 Aug 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, D. and
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FD07FAFE552AFAAD" collectingDate="1948-09-03" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Steese Highway" country="United States of America" latitude="65.17667" location="Mathis" longLatPrecision="100" longitude="-147.26833" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="W">
W. N.
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FCFDFAFD5418FAC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FCFDFAFD5418FAC9" box="[804,882,1305,1331]" country="United States of America" latitude="65.17667" longLatPrecision="100" longitude="-147.26833" name="Mathis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="W">Mathis</location>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FC58FAFD54CCFAC9" box="[897,934,1305,1331]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FC69FAFD54BFFACE" box="[944,981,1305,1332]" count="5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FC38FAFD535DFAC9" box="[993,1079,1305,1331]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FB91FAFD5397FAC9" box="[1096,1277,1305,1331]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Steese Highway</collectorName>
(mile post 37) (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FF79FAD9567FFAA2" box="[160,277,1341,1368]" degrees="65" direction="north" minutes="10.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="65.17667">65°10.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FEF9FAD956C3FAAD" box="[288,425,1341,1367]" degrees="147" direction="west" minutes="16.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-147.26833">147°16.1'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FE67FAD9552AFAAD" box="[446,576,1341,1367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1948-09-03">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FE67FAD9552AFAAD" box="[446,576,1341,1367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1948-09-03">3 Sep 1948</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FD92FAD956D1FA81" collectingDate="2011-07-20" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Juneau" country="United States of America" county="Jefferson" latitude="58.33" location="Fish Creek" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-134.595" municipality="Douglas Island" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="G">
G.
<collectingCounty id="62A64E2D3A667B66FDB7FAD955BEFAAD" box="[622,724,1341,1367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Jefferson</collectingCounty>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FD3FFAD95460FAAD" box="[742,778,1341,1367]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FCCEFAD95407FAAD" box="[791,877,1341,1367]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FCA6FADA54B3FAAD" box="[895,985,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FCA6FADA54B9FAAD" box="[895,979,1342,1367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Juneau</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FC38FAD953E7FAAD" box="[993,1165,1341,1367]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Douglas Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FB40FAD95279FAAD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FB40FAD95279FAAD" box="[1177,1299,1341,1367]" country="United States of America" county="Jefferson" latitude="58.33" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="-134.595" municipality="Douglas Island" name="Fish Creek" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="G">Fish Creek</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FAFAFAD952F2FAA2" box="[1315,1432,1341,1368]" degrees="58" direction="north" minutes="19.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="58.33">58°19.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FF4EFA85564BFA86" box="[151,289,1377,1404]" degrees="134" direction="west" minutes="35.7" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-134.595">134°35.7'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FEECFA8556D1FA81" box="[309,443,1377,1403]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2011-07-20">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FEECFA8556D1FA81" box="[309,443,1377,1403]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2011-07-20">20 Jul 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, D. and
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FDC0FA86564BFA65" collectingDate="2002-08-02" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Kenai Peninsula &amp; Homer" country="United States of America" latitude="59.646667" location="Mathis" longLatPrecision="103" longitude="-151.525" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="W">
W. N.
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FDBBFA8555DAFA81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FDBBFA8555DAFA81" box="[610,688,1377,1403]" country="United States of America" latitude="59.646667" longLatPrecision="103" longitude="-151.525" name="Mathis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="W">Mathis</location>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FD1BFA85558CFA81" box="[706,742,1377,1403]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FD2AFA855423FA81" box="[755,841,1377,1403]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FC85FA86534AFA81" box="[860,1056,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FC85FA865370FA81" box="[860,1050,1377,1403]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Kenai Peninsula</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FBFEFA86531FFA86" box="[1063,1141,1378,1404]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Homer</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FB5CFA855390FA86" box="[1157,1274,1377,1404]" degrees="59" direction="north" minutes="38.8" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="59.646667">59°38.8'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FADFFA8552E1FA86" box="[1286,1419,1377,1404]" degrees="151" direction="west" minutes="31.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-151.525">151°31.5'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FF4EFA61564BFA65" box="[151,289,1413,1440]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2002-08-02">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FF4EFA61564BFA65" box="[151,289,1413,1440]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2002-08-02">2 Aug 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, D. and
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FE5AFA625791FA39" collectingDate="2002-07-31" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Seward" country="United States of America" latitude="60.275" location="Grayling Lake" longLatPrecision="103" longitude="-149.345" municipality="Mathis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="W">
W. N.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FE16FA615577FA65" box="[463,541,1413,1439]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mathis</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FDF6FA61553FFA65" box="[559,597,1413,1439]" count="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FDBAFA6155D3FA65" box="[611,697,1413,1439]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FD17FA615448FA65" box="[718,802,1413,1439]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Seward</collectorName>
(
<quantity id="4C809B443A667B66FCEAFA615414FA65" box="[819,894,1413,1439]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
N;
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FC72FA615375FA5A" box="[939,1055,1413,1440]" degrees="60" direction="north" minutes="16.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="60.275">60°16.5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FBF4FA6153DFFA65" box="[1069,1205,1413,1439]" degrees="149" direction="west" minutes="20.7" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-149.345">149°20.7'W</geoCoordinate>
;
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FB1BFA615201FA65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FB1BFA615201FA65" box="[1218,1387,1413,1439]" country="United States of America" latitude="60.275" longLatPrecision="103" longitude="-149.345" municipality="Mathis" name="Grayling Lake" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="W">Grayling Lake</location>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FA59FA615791FA39" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2002-07-31">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FA59FA615791FA39" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2002-07-31">31 Jul 2002</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, D. and
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FE80FA4E56DDFA1D" collectingDate="1944-05-31" collectingDateMax="1944-06-06" collectingDateMin="1944-05-31" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Matanuska-Susitna &amp; Matanuska" country="United States of America" latitude="61.541668" location="Mathis" longLatPrecision="102" longitude="-149.23" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="W">
W. N.
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FE7AFA4D569BFA39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FE7AFA4D569BFA39" box="[419,497,1449,1475]" country="United States of America" latitude="61.541668" longLatPrecision="102" longitude="-149.23" name="Mathis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="W">Mathis</location>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FDDAFA4D554DFA39" box="[515,551,1449,1475]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FDEDFA4D5532FA39" box="[564,600,1449,1475]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FDBFFA4D55D6FA39" box="[614,700,1449,1475]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FD16FA4D54DBFA39" box="[719,945,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FD16FA4D54C0FA39" box="[719,938,1449,1475]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Matanuska-Susitna</collectorName>
:
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FC60FA4D535EFA39" box="[953,1076,1449,1475]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Matanuska</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FB9DFA4D53D3FA3E" box="[1092,1209,1449,1476]" degrees="61" direction="north" minutes="32.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="61.541668">61°32.5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FB1CFA4D5223FA3E" box="[1221,1353,1449,1476]" degrees="149" direction="west" minutes="13.8" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-149.23">149°13.8'W</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingMethod id="52394EB63A667B66FA80FA4E57ADFA1D" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">rotary trap</collectingMethod>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FF00FA2956DDFA1D" box="[217,439,1485,1512]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1944-05-31" valueMax="1944-06-06" valueMin="1944-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FF00FA2956DDFA1D" box="[217,439,1485,1512]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1944-05-31" valueMax="1944-06-06" valueMin="1944-05-31">31 May6 Jun 1944</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FE18FA2A57B8F9F1" collectingDate="2006-07-10" collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" elevation="50" latitude="61.768333" location="Willow Creek" longLatPrecision="102" longitude="-150.07" municipality="Chamberlin" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="J">
J. C.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FE2EFA295511FA1D" box="[503,635,1485,1511]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Chamberlin</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FD52FA2955DAFA1D" box="[651,688,1485,1511]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FD63FA2955B5FA1D" box="[698,735,1485,1511]" count="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FD32FA29542BFA1D" box="[747,833,1485,1511]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
);
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FC8BFA295487FA1D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FC8BFA295487FA1D" box="[850,1005,1485,1511]" country="United States of America" latitude="61.768333" longLatPrecision="102" longitude="-150.07" municipality="Chamberlin" name="Willow Creek" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="J">Willow Creek</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FC22FA29531AFA1D" box="[1019,1136,1485,1511]" degrees="61" direction="north" minutes="46.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="61.768333">61°46.1'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FBA3FA295269FA12" box="[1146,1283,1485,1512]" degrees="150" direction="west" minutes="04.2" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-150.07">150°04.2'W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4C809B443A667B66FAD5FA29522DFA1D" box="[1292,1351,1485,1512]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation id="0055D1923A667B66FAD5FA29522DFA1D" box="[1292,1351,1485,1512]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FA83FA2957B8F9F1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-07-10">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FA83FA2957B8F9F1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-07-10">10 Jul 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, D. and
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FEE8FA16555FF9D5" collectingDate="2006-07-09" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Valdez-Cordova" country="United States of America" county="Mathis" latitude="62.268333" location="Gulkana River" longLatPrecision="102" longitude="-145.385" municipality="Census Area" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" stateProvince="W">
W. N.
<collectingCounty id="62A64E2D3A667B66FEA2FA1556A3F9F1" box="[379,457,1521,1547]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mathis</collectingCounty>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FE05FA155694F9F1" box="[476,510,1521,1547]" count="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FDD4FA155509F9F1" box="[525,611,1521,1547]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FDAFFA1554B1F9F6" box="[630,987,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FDAFFA155443F9F1" box="[630,809,1521,1547]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Valdez-Cordova</collectorName>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FCE3FA1654A7F9F6" box="[826,973,1522,1548]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Census Area</collectingMunicipality>
):
</emphasis>
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FC3AFA1553EDF9F1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FC3AFA1553EDF9F1" box="[995,1159,1521,1547]" country="United States of America" county="Mathis" latitude="62.268333" longLatPrecision="102" longitude="-145.385" municipality="Census Area" name="Gulkana River" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="W">Gulkana River</location>
(
<locationDeviation id="9A752F833A667B66FB41FA1552F2F9F1" box="[1176,1432,1521,1548]" location="Glennallen" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<quantity id="4C809B443A667B66FB41FA15539CF9F1" box="[1176,1270,1521,1547]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.93" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="km" value="19.3">19.3 km</quantity>
N Glennallen
</locationDeviation>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FF4EF9F15661F9D5" box="[151,267,1557,1583]" degrees="62" direction="north" minutes="16.1" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="62.268333">62°16.1'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FEC0F9F156C8F9CA" box="[281,418,1557,1584]" degrees="145" direction="west" minutes="23.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-145.385">145°23.1'W</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FE61F9F1555FF9D5" box="[440,565,1557,1583]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-07-09">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FE61F9F1555FF9D5" box="[440,565,1557,1583]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2006-07-09">9 Jul 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
, D. and
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FD41F9F25324F9A9" collectingDate="2003-06-21" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Yukon-Koyukuk &amp; Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge" country="United States of America" latitude="66.293335" location="Census Area" longLatPrecision="99" longitude="-152.90834" municipality="Mathis" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="W">
W. N.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FD3DF9F15458F9D5" box="[740,818,1557,1583]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Mathis</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FC91F9F15403F9D5" box="[840,873,1557,1583]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FCA0F9F154A5F9D5" box="[889,975,1557,1583]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FC3DF9F1522CF9CA" box="[996,1350,1557,1584]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FC3DF9F153F9F9D5" box="[996,1171,1557,1583]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Yukon-Koyukuk</collectorName>
(
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FB7DF9F25253F9CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FB7DF9F25253F9CA" box="[1188,1337,1558,1584]" country="United States of America" latitude="66.293335" longLatPrecision="99" longitude="-152.90834" municipality="Mathis" name="Census Area" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="W">Census Area</location>
):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="268D53773A667B66FA89F9F156D8F9A9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Kanuti National Wildlife Refuge</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FE18F9DD555DF9A9" box="[449,567,1593,1619]" degrees="66" direction="north" minutes="17.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="66.293335">66°17.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FD9BF9DD55A0F9AE" box="[578,714,1593,1620]" degrees="152" direction="west" minutes="54.5" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-152.90834">152°54.5'W</geoCoordinate>
; sandy, rocky beach),
<date id="FFC610613A667B66FC1BF9DD5324F9A9" box="[962,1102,1593,1620]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2003-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EF82E9893A667B66FC1BF9DD5324F9A9" box="[962,1102,1593,1620]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="2003-06-21">21 Jun 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FB80F9DE520DF9A9" box="[1113,1383,1593,1620]" collectionCode="UAF" country="United States of America" location="Williams" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="H">
H.
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FBA2F9DD538BF9A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FBA2F9DD538BF9A9" box="[1147,1249,1593,1619]" country="United States of America" name="Williams" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="H">Williams</location>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7EFD283A667B66FB2BF9DD527CF9A9" box="[1266,1302,1593,1619]" count="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED69AE643A667B66FAFBF9DD5235F9A9" box="[1314,1375,1593,1619]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">UAF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A667B66FF1EF9BA5647F961" blockId="53.[151,1437,1089,1800]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<materialsCitation id="3B103CFC3A667B66FF1EF9BA5642F961" country="United States of America" county="Fairbanks North Star" latitude="65.17667" location="Steese Highway" longLatPrecision="100" longitude="-147.26833" municipality="North Star" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54C388033A667B66FF1EF9BA5795F982" box="[199,255,1630,1656]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
Locality.—
<collectingCountry id="F36F76313A667B66FE50F9B95542F98D" box="[393,552,1629,1655]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">United States</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49BCF8433A667B66FDEFF9B955EDF98D" box="[566,647,1629,1655]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Alaska</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingCounty id="62A64E2D3A667B66FD4EF9B954FAF98D" box="[663,912,1629,1655]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Fairbanks
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA3ACDB3A667B66FCCBF9B954FAF98D" box="[786,912,1629,1655]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">North Star</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
:
<location id="8EA7607A3A667B66FC79F9B95331F98D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D187B73A607B66FF4EFF73539FF8FD:8EA7607A3A667B66FC79F9B95331F98D" box="[928,1115,1629,1655]" country="United States of America" county="Fairbanks North Star" latitude="65.17667" longLatPrecision="100" longitude="-147.26833" municipality="North Star" name="Steese Highway" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Alaska">Steese Highway</location>
(mile post 37) (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FAFAF9B952F2F982" box="[1315,1432,1629,1656]" degrees="65" direction="north" minutes="10.6" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="65.17667">65°10.6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4C50663A667B66FF4EF9655676F966" box="[151,284,1665,1692]" degrees="147" direction="west" minutes="16.1" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="92" value="-147.26833">147°16.1'W</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A667B66FF1EF9415431F945" blockId="53.[151,1437,1089,1800]" box="[199,859,1701,1727]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Distribution (
<figureCitation id="13432A243A667B66FE87F94156D1F945" box="[350,443,1701,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 129" captionStartId="59.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,817]" captionTargetId="figure-27@59.[151,1435,181,817]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 129. Distribution map of Scatophila hirtirostris Sturtevant &amp; Wheeler (circles), and S. unicornis Czerny (squares) in Nearctic Region" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210863/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
).—
<taxonomicName id="4C784D223A667B66FE3CF9415526F945" box="[485,588,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nearctic" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="53" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nearctic</taxonomicName>
:
<collectingCountry id="F36F76313A667B66FD8FF9415586F945" box="[598,748,1701,1727]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49BCF8433A667B66FD22F9415425F945" box="[763,847,1701,1727]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Alaska</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC736A13A667B66FF1EF92D539FF8FD" blockId="53.[151,1437,1089,1800]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Remarks.—This species is placed in the
<emphasis id="B90CEAB33A667B66FD55F92D558AF919" box="[652,736,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">noctula</emphasis>
group. Thus far, this species is known only from Alaska, but it would be expected in the far eastern regions of
<collectingCountry id="F36F76313A667B66FD73F909559FF8FD" box="[682,757,1773,1799]" name="Russia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Russia</collectingCountry>
or in the Yukon and/or Northwest Territories.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>