treatments-xml/data/03/A9/92/03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823.xml

<document id="FC93AF131A3A3E497ED12E61AF938DB3" ID-CLB-Dataset="55673" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2022v44a15" ID-GBIF-Dataset="622f53b1-4795-4a6e-8d00-bf707cb43dc0" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518430" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:95BA3F3F-02AB-467E-AF22-4113AD4F492A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1651669841623" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Laskos, Kostantis &amp; Kostopoulos, Dimitris S." docDate="2022" docId="03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.44.15.437-470.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 44 (15)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Palaeotragus Gaudry 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="447" masterDocId="FF90EA7422130F6DFF88FFE5FFC0FFC8" masterDocTitle="The Vallesian large Palaeotragus Gaudry, 1861 (Mammalia: Giraffidae) from Northern Greece" masterLastPageNumber="470" masterPageNumber="437" pageNumber="439" updateTime="1699329492720" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="8189A561B02522563052F2DA57034B45">The Vallesian large Palaeotragus Gaudry, 1861 (Mammalia: Giraffidae) from Northern Greece</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="353CAE9EDEF6C2308F0919BC0BBAB9EB">Laskos, Kostantis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="63B5ACF74485697C2B3C2793088F6BCE">Kostopoulos, Dimitris S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9B49E57FB34E463D0E439A18C1B6B2BD">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6553542" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195196939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6553542" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<subSubSection id="C31A709122170F69FC36FAF0FADDFAE5" box="[958,1309,1299,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FC36FAF0FADDFAE5" blockId="4.[958,1309,1299,1325]" box="[958,1309,1299,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
Genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922170F69FB80FAF6FADDFAE5" authority="Gaudry, 1861" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1861" box="[1032,1309,1299,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822170F69FB80FAF6FB48FAE5" box="[1032,1160,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22170F69FB06FAF0FADDFAE5" author="GAUDRY A." box="[1166,1309,1301,1325]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" pagination="587 - 597" refId="ref14500" refString="GAUDRY A. 1861. - Note sur la girafe et l' Helladotherium trouvees a Pikermi (Grece). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 2 eme serie, 5: 587 - 597." type="journal article" year="1861">Gaudry, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122170F69FCA5FAA8FC6BFAB7" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FCA5FAA8FC6BFAB7" blockId="4.[813,1456,1356,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<typeStatus id="54BB9DB822170F69FCA5FAA8FCA0FAAB" box="[813,864,1357,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">TYPE</typeStatus>
SPECIES. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922170F69FC6CFAA9FAF9FAAC" authority="Gaudry, 1861" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1861" box="[996,1337,1356,1380]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouenii">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822170F69FC6CFAA9FB62FAAC" box="[996,1186,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Palaeotragus rouenii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22170F69FB21FAA9FAF9FAAC" author="GAUDRY A." box="[1193,1337,1356,1380]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" pagination="587 - 597" refId="ref14500" refString="GAUDRY A. 1861. - Note sur la girafe et l' Helladotherium trouvees a Pikermi (Grece). Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France 2 eme serie, 5: 587 - 597." type="journal article" year="1861">Gaudry, 1861</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122170F69FCA5FA72FB50FA67" box="[813,1168,1430,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FCA5FA72FB50FA67" blockId="4.[813,1168,1430,1455]" box="[813,1168,1430,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<typeStatus id="54BB9DB822170F69FCA5FA72FC9DFA64" box="[813,861,1431,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">TYPE</typeStatus>
LOCALITY. — Pikermi, 
<collectingCountry id="F317638A22170F69FBCDFA72FB4BFA67" box="[1093,1163,1431,1455]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Greece</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122170F69FCA5FA23FB15FA16" box="[813,1237,1478,1502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FCA5FA23FB15FA16" blockId="4.[813,1237,1478,1502]" box="[813,1237,1478,1502]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">AGE. — Late Miocene to Early Pleistocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122170F69FCA5FA13FB55F929" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FCA5FA13FB55F929" blockId="4.[811,1456,1526,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
GENERIC DIAGNOSIS (based on 
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22170F69FBD0FA13FB20F9C6" author="GERAADS D." box="[1112,1248,1526,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refId="ref14652" refString="GERAADS D. 1974. - Les Giraffides du Miocene superieur de la region de Thessalonique (Grece). PhD thesis, University of Paris VI, 87 p." type="book" year="1974">Geraads 1974</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22170F69FB64FA13FA42F9C6" author="CHURCHER C. S." box="[1260,1410,1526,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" pagination="509 - 535" refId="ref14329" refString="CHURCHER C. S. 1978. - Giraffidae, in MAGLIO V. J. &amp; COOKE H. B. S. (eds), Evolution of African Mammals. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 509 - 535. https: // doi. org / 10.4159 / harvard. 9780674431263. c 26" type="book chapter" year="1978">Churcher 1978</bibRefCitation>
). — Giraffids of small to medium size. Skull wide with long postorbital cranial part. Ossicones simple, straight to slightly curved with smooth surface, single paired, pointed, uprightly inserted on frontals in supraorbital position, widely spaced on the cranial roof, and subparallel to each other. Frontals concave between the ossicones. Diastema long; dentition brachydont, premolar section proportionally long. Metapodials elongate, slender with moderately to strongly deep central palmar/plantar through.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122170F6AFCA5F8F7FB58FB86" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FCA5F8F7FC7DF8E2" blockId="4.[810,1456,1810,2031]" box="[813,957,1810,1836]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F69FCA5F8D4FBB2F884" blockId="4.[810,1456,1810,2031]" box="[813,1138,1841,1868]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822170F69FCA5F8D4FBB2F884" box="[813,1138,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Pentalophos sample (end MN9)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22170F68FCA5F8B4FCC7F824" blockId="4.[810,1456,1810,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[130,776,1905,2028]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="440" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FCA5F8B4FBDFF843" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229310" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822170F69FCA5F8B4FAEAF8A3" bold="true" box="[813,1322,1873,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
Studied material(
<collectionCode id="ED11BBDF22170F69FC52F8B4FBF0F8A3" box="[986,1072,1873,1899]" collectionName="LGPUT" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">LGPUT</collectionCode>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922170F69FBBEF8B4FAD9F8A4" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1078,1305,1873,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822170F69FBBEF8B4FAD9F8A4" bold="true" box="[1078,1305,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<originalDetermination id="A81E9BE622170F69FBBEF8B4FAD9F8A4" box="[1078,1305,1873,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Palaeotragus coelophrys</originalDetermination>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</emphasis>
Right maxilla with P2-M3 (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122170F69FC38F894FBD7F843" box="[944,1047,1905,1931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PNT-113</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FBA0F897FC9FF864" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229305" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT- 165" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
part of left maxilla with M2-M3 (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122170F69FAFBF894FC97F864" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PNT-165</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FCE1F877FBB6F864" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229313" box="[873,1142,1937,1964]" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-161" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
upper right P2 (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122170F69FB80F874FBAEF864" box="[1032,1134,1937,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PNT-161</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FB08F877FA6BF864" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229314" box="[1152,1451,1937,1964]" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-162" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
upper right P2-P3 (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122170F69FAB5F874FA64F864" box="[1341,1444,1937,1964]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PNT-162</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FCA5F857FB9AF804" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229328" box="[813,1114,1969,1996]" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">upper right P2-P3 (PNT-163)</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FBECF857FAA0F804" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229303" box="[1124,1376,1969,1996]" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-164" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
upper left P3 (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122170F69FB79F854FA99F804" box="[1265,1369,1969,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PNT-164</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F69FAE3F857FB0BF823" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229318" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-328F" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
part of right mandible with M 
<subScript id="1784215F22170F69FB99F83BFBDAF827" attach="left" box="[1041,1050,2014,2031]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">1</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F22170F69FBB3F83BFB85F827" attach="left" box="[1083,1093,2014,2031]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">3</subScript>
(
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122170F69FBC7F834FB04F823" box="[1103,1220,2001,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PNT-328F</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722170F68FB5CF837FE49F843" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229306" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-121F" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
part of right mandible with dP 
<subScript id="1784215F22160F68FF59F89BFF1AF847" attach="left" box="[209,218,1918,1935]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">2</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F22160F68FF73F89BFEC5F847" attach="left" box="[251,261,1918,1935]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">1</subScript>
(
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122160F68FE86F894FE41F843" box="[270,385,1905,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">PNT-121F</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722160F68FE19F894FCC3F844" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229311" box="[401,771,1905,1932]" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="5" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-166" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
distal part of left humerus (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122160F68FD1EF894FD3CF844" box="[662,764,1905,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">PNT-166</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B68294722160F68FF0AF874FF09F803" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229307" collectionCode="LGPUT" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="440" location="The" pageId="5" pageNumber="439" specimenCode="PNT-114F, PNT- 119F" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="682" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
proximal parts of a right and a left metatarsal (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122160F68FDC7F874FD00F863" box="[591,704,1937,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">PNT-114F</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B6122160F68FD41F877FF7DF803" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">PNT-119F</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<location id="8EDF75C122160F68FF44F854FF33F803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823:8EDF75C122160F68FF44F854FF33F803" box="[204,243,1969,1995]" name="The" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">The</location>
taxon is represented by at least 
<specimenCount id="9D06E89322160F68FD94F854FDBDF803" box="[540,637,1969,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" type="adult">four adult</specimenCount>
and a 
<specimenCount id="9D06E89322160F68FD32F854FCC8F803" box="[698,776,1969,1995]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" type="juvenile">juvenile</specimenCount>
individual. 
<location id="8EDF75C122160F68FF79F837FE42F824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823:8EDF75C122160F68FF79F837FE42F824" box="[241,386,2002,2028]" name="Measurements" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Measurements</location>
are provided in 
<location id="8EDF75C122160F68FD95F834FDBFF823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823:8EDF75C122160F68FD95F834FDBFF823" box="[541,639,2001,2027]" name="Appendix" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Appendix</location>
2: 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122160F68FD13F834FCC0F823" box="[667,768,2001,2028]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStart-3="TABLE" captionStartId-0="22.[132,143,1134,1151]" captionStartId-1="22.[813,824,1134,1151]" captionStartId-2="23.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-3="23.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionTargetPageId-3="23" captionText-0="TABLE 1. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys upper teeth from Pentalophos (PNT).Abbreviations:LPM, Length of upper toothrow;LP, Length of upper premolar row; LM, Length of upper molar row; LP2, Length of P2; WP2, Width of P2; LP3, Length of P3; WP3, Width of P3; LP4, Length of P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe; WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe; LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." captionText-1="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys lower teeth from Pentalophos (PNT). Abbreviations: LM, Length of lower molar row; LP2, Length of P; WP, Width of P2; LP, Length of P; WP, Width of P; LP, Length of 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe;WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe;LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." captionText-2="TABLE 3. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys lower deciduous teeth from Pentalophos (PNT). Abbreviations: LdP, Length of deciduous lower premolar row; LdP, Length of dP; WdP, Width of dP2; LdP, Length of dP; 2 2 2 3 3 WdP3, Width of dP3; LdP4, Length of dP4; WdP4, Width of dP4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe;WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe (in mm)." captionText-3="TABLE 4. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys metatarsals from Pentalophos (PNT). Abbreviations: Mt-Bp, Breadth of metatarsal proximal end; Mt-Dp, Depth of metatarsal proximal end; Mt-Bdia, Breadth of metatarsal at the middle of the shaft; Mt-Ddia, Depth of metatarsal at the middle of the shaft (in mm)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222050F7BFF0CFB8BFE29FAD5" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222050F7BFCA5FB8BFAF3FACF" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFF3EFCC9FE8F" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFCDBFEEEFC62" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" tableUuid-0="DF7F739222050F7BFF0CFB8BFE29FAD5" tableUuid-1="DF7F739222050F7BFCA5FB8BFAF3FACF" tableUuid-2="DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFF3EFCC9FE8F" tableUuid-3="DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFCDBFEEEFC62">
<location id="8EDF75C122160F68FD13F834FD1AF823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A9920C22170F61FC36FAF0FB73F823:8EDF75C122160F68FD13F834FD1AF823" box="[667,730,2001,2027]" name="Tables" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Tables</location>
1-4
</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F739222160F68FF0CF8F5FAACF8F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" startId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" targetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22160F68FF0CF8F5FAACF8F0" blockId="5.[132,1457,1808,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
FIG. 2. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922160F68FF5BF8F5FDBCF8E9" authority="(Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[211,636,1808,1825]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FF5BF8F5FE5FF8E9" box="[211,415,1808,1825]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Palaeotragus coelophrys</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22160F68FE2FF8F5FDB8F8E9" author="RODLER A. &amp; WEITHOFER K. A." box="[423,632,1808,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" pagination="753 - 772" refId="ref16482" refString="RODLER A. &amp; WEITHOFER K. A. 1890. - Die Wiederkauer der Fauna von Maragha. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der WissenschaftenWien 57: 753 - 772. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7129582" type="journal article" year="1890">Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian): 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FBF0F8F5FB45F8E9" bold="true" box="[1144,1157,1808,1825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">A</emphasis>
, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FF0CF8C2FF4EF8F0" bold="true" box="[132,142,1831,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">1</emphasis>
, occlusal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FF60F8C2FF32F8F0" bold="true" box="[232,242,1831,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">2</emphasis>
, lingual; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FEB5F8C2FE87F8F0" bold="true" box="[317,327,1831,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">3</emphasis>
, labial views; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FE34F8C2FE09F8F0" bold="true" box="[444,457,1831,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">B</emphasis>
, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FCC2F8C2FC98F8F0" bold="true" box="[842,856,1831,1848]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C</emphasis>
, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22160F6BFCA5F894FCCEF984" blockId="5.[812,1456,1905,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[131,782,1172,2028]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822160F68FCA5F894FC27F843" bold="true" box="[813,999,1905,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Upper dentition</emphasis>
. All the labial ribs and styles of the premolars (parastyle, paracone, metastyle) are well developed (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22160F68FCBEF854FCB6F803" box="[822,886,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian):A, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; C, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-C; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122160F68FC3CF854FBC7F803" box="[948,1031,1969,1995]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1134,1151]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 1. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys upper teeth from Pentalophos (PNT).Abbreviations:LPM, Length of upper toothrow;LP, Length of upper premolar row; LM, Length of upper molar row; LP2, Length of P2; WP2, Width of P2; LP3, Length of P3; WP3, Width of P3; LP4, Length of P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe; WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe; LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222050F7BFF0CFB8BFE29FAD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" tableUuid="DF7F739222050F7BFF0CFB8BFE29FAD5">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The hypocone is weak, but distinct. The enamel is finely rugose especially on the lingual side of the premolars. In some of the premolars there is a welldeveloped lingual cingulum (PNT-161, PNT-164; 
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22150F6BFD27FB51FF5AFB26" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian):A, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; C, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
). In the preserved P 
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and P 
<superScript id="7C758E5222150F6BFE35FB30FE07FB2E" attach="left" box="[445,455,1237,1254]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">3</superScript>
(
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22150F6BFE5DFB31FDD2FB26" box="[469,530,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian):A, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; C, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A-C) the parastyle and the paracone rib are close to each other and the enamel is folded in the area of the parastyle towards the paracone. Moreover, these teeth are inflated at the basis, lingually rounded and they delineate occlusally an almost half circle. The P2 of the PNT-113 toothrow (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22150F6BFE71FA96FD8AFA45" box="[505,586,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian):A, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; C, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) has a prominent disto-labial style that reaches almost 1/3 of the crown’s height. In the single available P4, the paracone is more centrally placed, still slightly folded towards the parastyle, and the tooth has a triangular occlusal shape. The fossettes of the P2 are distorted, but they look wide. The fossettes of the P3 and P4 are also wide and bear a hypoconal fold distally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F739222150F6BFF0CFBC6FB03FB83" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" startId="6.[132,143,1059,1076]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1101]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22150F6BFF0CFBC6FB03FB83" blockId="6.[132,1455,1059,1101]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
FIG. 3. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922150F6BFF5AFBC6FDB8FBFC" authority="(Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[210,632,1059,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFF5AFBC6FE5DFBFC" box="[210,413,1059,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Palaeotragus coelophrys</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22150F6BFE2CFBC6FDB4FBFC" author="RODLER A. &amp; WEITHOFER K. A." box="[420,628,1059,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" pagination="753 - 772" refId="ref16482" refString="RODLER A. &amp; WEITHOFER K. A. 1890. - Die Wiederkauer der Fauna von Maragha. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der WissenschaftenWien 57: 753 - 772. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7129582" type="journal article" year="1890">Rodler &amp; Weithofer,1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Pentalophos,Axios Valley, Greece (late early Vallesian): 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFBE7FBC6FBBCFBFC" bold="true" box="[1135,1148,1059,1076]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">A</emphasis>
, part of mandible with M 
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-M 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFAEDFBCEFAB2FBFF" attach="right" box="[1381,1394,1067,1079]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">3,</subScript>
LGPUT PNT-328F; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFF6CFBDFFF31FB83" bold="true" box="[228,241,1082,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">B</emphasis>
, part of deciduous mandible with dP 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFDADFBA4FDECFB85" attach="right" box="[549,556,1089,1101]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">2</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFDCBFBA4FD8AFB85" attach="left" box="[579,586,1089,1101]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">1</subScript>
, LGPUT PNT-121F; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFD7FFBDFFCC1FB83" bold="true" box="[759,769,1082,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">1</emphasis>
, occlusal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFCD3FBDFFCA5FB83" bold="true" box="[859,869,1082,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">2</emphasis>
, lingual; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFC38FBDFFC7AFB83" bold="true" box="[944,954,1082,1099]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">3</emphasis>
, labial views. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22150F6BFF13F9B7FBC2FA85" blockId="6.[131,782,1172,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[811,1457,1172,1358]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
The upper molars are similar to those of other giraffids (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22150F6BFF06F997FF23F944" box="[142,227,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian):A, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; C, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). The most prominent labial features are the parastyle, the paracone rib and the mesostyle. The metastyle is barely developed in the M1-M2, but similarly strong to the parastyle in the M3. Lingually, the protocone is more prominent than the hypocone, especially in the M3; hence the mesial lobe is wider and square shaped whereas the distal lobe is narrower and rounder. The fossettes converge towards the center of the tooth but they do not fuse. The hypocone flange reaches almost at the labial side of the molar, stopping just before the mesostyle mesially and the metastyle distally. The protocone flange almost reaches the parastyle mesially. Distally, it reaches almost at the center of the tooth. The enamel is finely rugose in all the molars, which also have a fine cement cover, mainly labially. Although in a less advanced wear stage, PNT-165 upper molars share the same basic morphological features with those of PNT-113. A lingual cingulum, occurs, especially on the mesial lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22150F6BFCA5FA96FBE7F827" blockId="6.[811,1456,1395,2031]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822150F6BFCA5FA96FC24FA45" bold="true" box="[813,996,1395,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Lower dentition</emphasis>
. The right mandible PNT-328F preserves only the molars (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22150F6BFC61FA76FBFDFA65" box="[1001,1085,1427,1453]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1059,1076]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-574@6.[132,1455,215,1075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer,1890) from Pentalophos,Axios Valley, Greece (late early Vallesian):A, part of mandible with M1-M3,LGPUT PNT-328F; B, part of deciduous mandible with dP2-M1, LGPUT PNT-121F; 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518438/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122150F6BFBCFFA76FB58FA65" box="[1095,1176,1427,1453]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="22.[813,824,1134,1151]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys lower teeth from Pentalophos (PNT). Abbreviations: LM, Length of lower molar row; LP2, Length of P; WP, Width of P2; LP, Length of P; WP, Width of P; LP, Length of 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe;WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe;LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222050F7BFCA5FB8BFAF3FACF" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" tableUuid="DF7F739222050F7BFCA5FB8BFAF3FACF">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The mandibular height is 
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at the M 
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-M 
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level, and 
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below the distal lobe of M 
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. All the lower molars preserve a fine cement cover. The most prominent lingual feature is the metastylid, and then the metaconid; the entoconid is traceable but less strong. In the disto-lingual side of the M 
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and M 
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the entoconulid is present but not prominent. The entoconulid of the M 
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is completely separated from the hypocone region in the upper part of the crown. The same applies probably for the entoconulid of M 
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. The praentocristid penetrates in the mesial fossette, separating the labial and lingual side of the mesial lobe. The protoconid and the hypoconid are almost equally developed. An ectostylid is present on M 
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, less developed on M 
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, and absent on M 
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. Finally, the hypoconulid is pointed labially and parallel to the protoconid and hypoconid. Lingually, the third lobe of the M 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFC1BF87BFC5DF867" attach="left" box="[915,925,1950,1967]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">3</subScript>
is separated from the second one by a shallow furrow. The cingulum appears strong on M 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFA99F85BFAE0F807" attach="left" box="[1297,1312,1982,1999]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">1,</subScript>
but weak on M 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFCCFF83BFC91F827" attach="left" box="[839,849,2014,2031]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">2</subScript>
and absent on M 
<subScript id="1784215F22150F6BFB90F83BFBE7F827" attach="left" box="[1048,1063,2014,2031]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">3.</subScript>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F739222140F6AFF0CFC6DFF25FC15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" startId="7.[132,143,904,921]" targetBox="[132,775,215,863]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFF0CFC6DFF25FC15" blockId="7.[132,777,904,989]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
FIG. 4. — Partial metatarsals of 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922140F6AFE04FC6DFF72FC78" authority="(Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFE04FC6DFD99FC51" box="[396,601,904,921]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Palaeotragus coelophrys</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22140F6AFDEBFC6DFF6EFC78" author="RODLER A. &amp; WEITHOFER K. A." pageId="7" pageNumber="442" pagination="753 - 772" refId="ref16482" refString="RODLER A. &amp; WEITHOFER K. A. 1890. - Die Wiederkauer der Fauna von Maragha. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der WissenschaftenWien 57: 753 - 772. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7129582" type="journal article" year="1890">Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from Pentalophos, Axios Valley, Greece (late early Vallesian): 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFD3BFC7AFD00FC78" bold="true" box="[691,704,927,944]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">A</emphasis>
, LGPUT PNT-114F; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFF6BFC50FF30FC0E" bold="true" box="[227,240,949,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">B</emphasis>
, LGPUT PNT-119F; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFE11FC50FE63FC0E" bold="true" box="[409,419,949,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">1</emphasis>
, proximal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFE76FC50FDC8FC0E" bold="true" box="[510,520,949,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">2</emphasis>
, dorsal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFDC7FC50FD99FC0E" bold="true" box="[591,601,949,966]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">3</emphasis>
, plantar views. Scale bar: 15 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFF0CFBD1FE31FA85" blockId="7.[131,777,1076,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFF0CFBD1FE6EFB86" bold="true" box="[132,430,1076,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Lower deciduous dentition</emphasis>
. The right mandible PNT-121F (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22140F6AFF06FBB1FF24FBA7" box="[142,228,1108,1135]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1059,1076]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-574@6.[132,1455,215,1075]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 3. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer,1890) from Pentalophos,Axios Valley, Greece (late early Vallesian):A, part of mandible with M1-M3,LGPUT PNT-328F; B, part of deciduous mandible with dP2-M1, LGPUT PNT-121F; 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518438" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518438/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122140F6AFF79FBB1FE85FBA6" box="[241,325,1108,1134]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys lower deciduous teeth from Pentalophos (PNT). Abbreviations: LdP, Length of deciduous lower premolar row; LdP, Length of dP; WdP, Width of dP2; LdP, Length of dP; 2 2 2 3 3 WdP3, Width of dP3; LdP4, Length of dP4; WdP4, Width of dP4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe;WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFF3EFCC9FE8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" tableUuid="DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFF3EFCC9FE8F">Table 3</tableCitation>
) consists of the series of the deciduous premolars and the M 
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. The dP 
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has a primitive morphology. The paraconid and anteparaconid are barely distinguished from each other. The protoconid is placed medially and it is the more developed conid. Distally, the entoconid and the hypoconulid are distinguished in the upper part of the crown, whereas they fuse in the lower. The hypoconid is prominent, placed more labially.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFF13FAB6FE0CF904" blockId="7.[131,777,1076,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
On the dP 
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the paraconid and anteparaconid are pointed lingually and they are well-distinguished in the upper half of the crown, whereas they fuse each other towards the base. The metaconid and the protoconid are the most prominent features (especially the protoconid); they fuse distally and they are folded and oriented mesially. The mesosinusid is lingually open. The distal and mesial part of the dP 
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are clearly separated in the area of the metaconid and protoconid fusion. The hypoconulid is as developed as the protoconid. The hypoconulid and the entocristid are distinguished only in the upper part of the crown. The metasinusid is clear but weaker than the mesosinusid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFF13F937FE78F823" blockId="7.[131,777,1076,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
The dP 
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has two prominent ectostylids. The mesial lobe is distorted, although it seems that its ribs and stylids are weaker. In the two distal lobes the labial cones are equally developed. The lingual ribs and stylids are weaker too, as in the mesial lobe. The distal flange of the third labial cone reaches the lingual side of the tooth. The distal flange of the second labial cone is also well-developed and it is placed next to the metastylid; it is the feature that separates the second from the third lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFCCCFF32FB3DFE99" blockId="7.[813,1457,215,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
The M 
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morphology agrees with the morphology of the M 
<subScript id="1784215F22140F6AFCCFFEE1FC91FEDD" attach="left" box="[839,849,260,277]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">1</subScript>
from the adult toothrow PNT-328F: the metaconid, metastylid, entoconid and entoconulid ribs are quite welldeveloped in the upper half of the crown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFCA5FE93FB0FFD27" blockId="7.[811,1457,374,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFCA5FE93FC75FE58" bold="true" box="[813,949,374,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Postcranials</emphasis>
. The distal part of the left humerus PNT-166 is badly preserved prohibiting a detailed morphological description. The olecranon fossa is rather long, narrow, and deep. The lateral supracondyloid crest is well developed and raises quite high on the distal diaphysis. Both the radial and coronoid fossae are shallow and weakly separated by each other (but also probably due to the bad preservation). The distal trochlea is asymmetric and its keel wide and rather blunt. In lateral view, the lateral epicondyle slopes weakly downwards, whereas in medial view the medial epicondyle is perpendicular compared to the diaphysis longitudinal axis and not significantly protruding.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFCCBFD10FA65FBC6" blockId="7.[811,1457,374,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
The preserved proximal parts of the metatarsals PNT-114F and PNT-119F (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22140F6AFC62FCF0FBA1FCF8" box="[1002,1121,789,816]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[132,143,904,921]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,863]" captionTargetId="figure-822@7.[132,775,215,863]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 4. — Partial metatarsals of Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley, Greece (late early Vallesian): A, LGPUT PNT-114F;B, LGPUT PNT-119F;1, proximal;2, dorsal; 3, plantar views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122140F6AFBE6FCF0FB00FCE7" box="[1134,1216,789,815]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[132,143,830,847]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 4. — Measurements of Palaeotragus coelophrys metatarsals from Pentalophos (PNT). Abbreviations: Mt-Bp, Breadth of metatarsal proximal end; Mt-Dp, Depth of metatarsal proximal end; Mt-Bdia, Breadth of metatarsal at the middle of the shaft; Mt-Ddia, Depth of metatarsal at the middle of the shaft (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFCDBFEEEFC62" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" tableUuid="DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFCDBFEEEFC62">Table 4</tableCitation>
) indicate rather long but relatively robust metapodials. On the proximal articular surface, the plantal and dorsal heads of the medial epicondyle are separated by a bone protrusion, whereas a groove separates the two heads on the lateral side. The plantar head does not tilt medially or laterally. The lateral dorsal head is placed parallel to the proximal articular surface’s axis. The pygmaios is present but rather small and not prominent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFCA2FBD0FB58FB86" blockId="7.[810,1176,1076,1102]" box="[810,1176,1076,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<heading id="D0F7947622140F6AFCA2FBD0FB58FB86" box="[810,1176,1076,1102]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFCA2FBD0FB58FB86" box="[810,1176,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Ravin de la Pluie sample (MN10)</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122140F6AFCA5FBB1FA6FFAC6" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFCA5FBB1FA6FFAC6" blockId="7.[812,1458,1108,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFCA5FBB1FA5EFBA7" bold="true" box="[813,1438,1108,1135]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
Studied material (LGPUT, 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922140F6AFBE7FBB1FA5EFBA7" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1135,1438,1108,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFBE7FBB1FB3EFBA7" bold="true" box="[1135,1278,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFAA5FBB1FA5EFBA7" bold="true" box="[1325,1438,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">coelophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). A ‘hornless’ skull with a highly worn toothrow (RPl-91B); part of right mandible, with highly worn M 
<subScript id="1784215F22140F6AFB7CFB44FB3EFB7A" attach="right" box="[1268,1278,1185,1202]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">1</subScript>
-M 
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(RPl-104F); isolated upper molar (M 
<superScript id="7C758E5222140F6AFBCCFB50FB8EFB0E" attach="left" box="[1092,1102,1205,1222]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">1</superScript>
or M 
<superScript id="7C758E5222140F6AFB18FB50FB5AFB0E" attach="left" box="[1168,1178,1205,1222]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">2</superScript>
) (RPl-315n). The taxon is represented by at least an adult and an old individual. Dental measurements are provided inAppendix 2: 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122140F6AFAD0FB16FA68FAC6" box="[1368,1448,1267,1294]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[132,143,1295,1312]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 5. — Measurements of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys upper teeth from the Ravin de la Pluie (cranium RPl-91B). Abbreviations: LPM, Length of upper toothrow; LP, Length of upper premolar row; LM, Length of upper molar row; LP2, Length of P2; WP2, Width of P2; LP3, Length of P3; WP3, Width of P3; LP4, Length of P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe;WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe;LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe; WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe; LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFAEAFCC1FA76" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" tableUuid="DF7F739222040F7AFF0CFAEAFCC1FA76">Table 5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A709122140F64FCA5FAD6FE53FA65" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F6AFCA5FAD6FBBEF924" blockId="7.[811,1457,1331,1773]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFCA5FAD6FBC9FA85" bold="true" box="[813,1033,1331,1357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Cranium (RPl-91B)</emphasis>
. The skull is strongly deformed (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22140F6AFAEBFAD6FA5FFA86" box="[1379,1439,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,872,889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetId="figure-162@8.[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Partial cranium, LGPUT RPl 91-B of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian): A, right-lateral; B, left- lateral; C, ventral views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), and hence a thorough description is prevented. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22140F6AFADFFAB6FCB9FA46" author="GERAADS D." pageId="7" pageNumber="442" pagination="269 - 276" refId="ref14683" refString="GERAADS D. 1978. - Les Palaeotraginae (Giraffidae, Mammalia) du Miocene superieu r de la region de Thessalonique (Grece). Geologie mediterraneenne 5 (2): 269 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / geolm. 1978.1048" type="journal article" year="1978">Geraads (1978)</bibRefCitation>
provided the basic recognizable cranial and dental features; we repeat here the most important ones and add a few more. The cranium lacks ossicones, and has a flattened frontal region (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22140F6AFC5AFA36FBE2FA25" box="[978,1058,1491,1518]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,872,889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetId="figure-162@8.[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Partial cranium, LGPUT RPl 91-B of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian): A, right-lateral; B, left- lateral; C, ventral views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) suggesting a female individual. The parietal region is highly lateromedially compressed. The postorbital region is elongated. The mesial border of the orbit reaches almost at the level of the center of the M3 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22140F6AFCBEF9B7FC4AF9A5" box="[822,906,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,872,889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetId="figure-162@8.[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Partial cranium, LGPUT RPl 91-B of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian): A, right-lateral; B, left- lateral; C, ventral views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). The length from the mesial margin of the orbit to the mesial root of P2 is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22140F6AFBA6F997FB67F945" box="[1070,1191,1650,1677]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.538" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="153.8">153.8 mm</quantity>
. The height of the orbit is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22140F6AFCCEF977FC71F965" box="[838,945,1682,1709]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.89" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="58.9">58.9 mm</quantity>
, while its horizontal (caudo-rostral) diameter is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22140F6AFCC0F957FC74F905" box="[840,948,1714,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.92" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="59.2">59.2 mm</quantity>
. The width of the region of the frontal bone behind the orbits is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22140F6AFB87F937FBB9F924" box="[1039,1145,1746,1773]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" unit="mm" value="95.4">95.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22140F65FCA5F8F7FBDBF883" blockId="7.[811,1455,1809,2028]" lastBlockId="8.[812,1454,1810,1868]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822140F6AFCA5F8F7FC25F8E3" bold="true" box="[813,997,1809,1836]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Upper dentition</emphasis>
. The toothrow of the cranium RPl-91B is strongly worn (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22140F6AFC5EF8D4FBEBF884" box="[982,1067,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,872,889]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetId="figure-162@8.[132,1455,215,830]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 5. — Partial cranium, LGPUT RPl 91-B of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian): A, right-lateral; B, left- lateral; C, ventral views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). The premolars’ width is similar to that of the molars, especially the width of the P4. The P2 and P3 are lingually rounded. Labially, the parastyle, paracone rib, and metastyle are all well-developed, with the paracone rib set mesially and close to the parastyle. The premolar fossettes demonstrate a slight hypoconal fold. P4 is labially more flattened and more pointed lingually than the P 
<superScript id="7C758E52221B0F65FD47F8F6FD19F8EC" attach="left" box="[719,729,1811,1828]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">2</superScript>
and P3; a weak, shallow lingual furrow unequally divides the lingual cone. P4 also has a strong parastyle, paracone rib and metastyle. The upper molars have a thin cement cover labially. The protocone widens significantly at the basal part of the crown; it is slightly constricted lingually on M1 and M2, and more angular on M3. The labial ribs and styles are extremely worn but apart from the parastyle they do not seem well-developed.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF231A221B0F65FF0CFC8DFE24FC47" blockId="8.[132,1455,872,911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
FIG. 5. — Partial cranium, LGPUT RPl 91-B of 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221B0F65FD82FC8DFD33FCB1" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[522,755,872,889]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FD82FC8DFDB6FCB1" box="[522,630,872,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FD10FC8DFD33FCB1" box="[664,755,872,889]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">coelophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian): 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FB7BFC8DFAC0FCB1" bold="true" box="[1267,1280,872,889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">A</emphasis>
, right-lateral; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FAFEFC8DFA43FCB1" bold="true" box="[1398,1411,872,889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">B</emphasis>
, left-lateral; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FF49FC9BFF0FFC47" bold="true" box="[193,207,894,911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">C</emphasis>
, ventral views. Scale bar: 15 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7F7392221B0F65FF0CF979FDE7F912" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518449/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" startId="8.[132,143,1692,1709]" targetBox="[132,1455,947,1648]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221B0F65FF0CF979FDE7F912" blockId="8.[132,1455,1692,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
FIG. 6. — 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FF5CF979FF21F965" bold="true" box="[212,225,1692,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">A</emphasis>
, Part of mandible, LGPUT RPl-104F with M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FDC5F941FD94F978" attach="left" box="[589,596,1700,1712]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">1</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FDE4F941FDB3F978" attach="left" box="[620,627,1700,1712]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">3</subScript>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221B0F65FD05F979FCB3F965" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[653,883,1692,1709]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FD05F979FD39F965" box="[653,761,1692,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FC90F979FCB3F965" box="[792,883,1692,1709]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">coelophrys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian) in: 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FAF6F979FA48F965" bold="true" box="[1406,1416,1692,1709]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">1</emphasis>
, occlusal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FF36F956FF08F90C" bold="true" box="[190,200,1715,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">2</emphasis>
, lingual; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FE9AF956FEDCF90C" bold="true" box="[274,284,1715,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">3</emphasis>
, labial views; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FE18F956FE5DF90C" bold="true" box="[400,413,1715,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">B</emphasis>
, part of mandible, LGPUT XIR-24 with M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FD67F95FFD36F90E" attach="left" box="[751,758,1722,1734]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">2</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FC86F95FFCD5F90E" attach="left" box="[782,789,1722,1734]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">3</subScript>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221B0F65FCA7F956FC7BF90C" box="[815,955,1715,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FCA7F956FC5BF90C" box="[815,923,1715,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
from Xirochori, Axios Valley,Greece (late Vallesian) in: 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FAF7F956FA49F90C" bold="true" box="[1407,1417,1715,1732]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">1</emphasis>
, occlusal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FF37F92CFF09F912" bold="true" box="[191,201,1737,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">2</emphasis>
, lingual; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FE9CF92CFEDEF912" bold="true" box="[276,286,1737,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">3</emphasis>
, labial views. Scale bar: 10 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221B0F64FCA5F894FD7DFAA5" blockId="8.[811,1456,1905,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[130,775,1204,1390]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="444" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221B0F65FCA5F894FC1EF843" bold="true" box="[813,990,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Lower dentition</emphasis>
. The mandible RPl-104F preserves only the molars (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221B0F65FC0BF874FC13F863" box="[899,979,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1692,1709]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,947,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-210@8.[132,1455,947,1649]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — A, Part of mandible, LGPUT RPl-104F with M1-M3 of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian) in: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, part of mandible, LGPUT XIR-24 with M2-M3 of Palaeotragus sp. from Xirochori, Axios Valley,Greece (late Vallesian) in: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518449/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A1221B0F65FC53F874FBE9F863" box="[987,1065,1937,1963]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 6. — Measurements of Palaeotraguscf. coelophrys lower teeth from Ravin de la Pluie (RPl). Abbreviations: LM, Length of lower molar row; LP2, Length of P; WP, Width of P2; LP, Length of P; WP, Width of P; LP, Length of 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe;WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe;LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFCA5FF3EFAF3FEBC" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" tableUuid="DF7F739222040F7AFCA5FF3EFAF3FEBC">Table 6</tableCitation>
). The mandibular height is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF221B0F65FAC5F874FA6FF864" box="[1357,1455,1937,1964]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.89" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="48.9">48.9 mm</quantity>
at the level of M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FC5BF85BFC1DF807" attach="right" box="[979,989,1982,1999]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">1</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FC77F85BFBC9F807" attach="none" box="[1023,1033,1982,1999]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">2</subScript>
and 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF221B0F65FBB0F854FB59F804" box="[1080,1177,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.36" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="53.6">53.6 mm</quantity>
at level of the distal lobe of the M 
<subScript id="1784215F221B0F65FCE5F83BFCB7F827" attach="right" box="[877,887,2014,2031]" fontSize="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">3</subScript>
. The lingual ribs seem very weak though the dentition is in a very advanced wear stage. Labially, the lobes of the M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FD7EFB24FCC0FB1A" attach="left" box="[758,768,1217,1234]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">1</subScript>
, and but less those of M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FE0AFB04FE4CFB3A" attach="left" box="[386,396,1249,1266]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">2</subScript>
are pointed and centrally oriented, while those of M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FEB3FAE5FE85FAD9" attach="left" box="[315,325,1280,1297]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
are directed more distally. The distal (3rd) lobe of M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FF63FAC5FF35FAF9" attach="left" box="[235,245,1312,1329]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
is quite large and disto-labially oriented, separated lingually from the rest of the tooth by a slight groove. There is no evidence of cingulum or cement on the molars.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F7392221A0F64FF0CFBAEFE23FBBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518452" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" startId="9.[132,143,1099,1116]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1057]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F64FF0CFBAEFE23FBBB" blockId="9.[132,1455,1099,1139]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
FIG. 7. — Partial cranium,LGPUT NKT-172 of 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221A0F64FD88FBAEFD30FB94" authorityName="Korotkevitch" authorityYear="1957" box="[512,752,1099,1116]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berislavicus">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FD88FBAEFDACFB94" box="[512,620,1099,1116]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FD07FBAEFD30FB94" box="[655,752,1099,1116]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">berislavicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian) in: 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FB70FBAEFAC5FB94" bold="true" box="[1272,1285,1099,1116]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">A</emphasis>
, right-lateral; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FAFFFBAEFA44FB94" bold="true" box="[1399,1412,1099,1116]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">B</emphasis>
, leftlateral; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FF49FB87FF0FFBBB" bold="true" box="[193,207,1122,1139]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">C</emphasis>
, palatal views. Scale bar: 15 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F64FF0CFA76FE53FA65" blockId="9.[132,403,1427,1453]" box="[132,403,1427,1453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<heading id="D0F79476221A0F64FF0CFA76FE53FA65" box="[132,403,1427,1453]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FF0CFA76FE53FA65" box="[132,403,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Xirochori sample (MN10)</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A7091221A0F64FF0CFA56FEA6F9E5" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F64FF0CFA56FEA6F9E5" blockId="9.[130,777,1458,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FF0CFA56FE2BFA25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229326" collectionCode="LGPUT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="XIR-24" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FF0CFA56FD8FFA05" bold="true" box="[132,591,1458,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
Studied material (
<collectionCode id="ED11BBDF221A0F64FEC8FA57FE5BFA04" box="[320,411,1458,1484]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">LGPUT</collectionCode>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221A0F64FE2BFA57FD8FFA05" box="[419,591,1458,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<originalDetermination id="A81E9BE6221A0F64FE2BFA57FD8FFA05" box="[419,591,1458,1485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FE2BFA57FDE9FA05" bold="true" box="[419,553,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
sp.
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). Right mandible fragment with M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FECDFA05FE8FFA39" attach="right" box="[325,335,1504,1521]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">2</subScript>
-M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FEFAFA05FEBCFA39" attach="left" box="[370,380,1504,1521]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
(
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FE02FA36FE24FA25" box="[394,484,1491,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">XIR-24</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. The taxon is represented by a single adult individual. Measurements are provided in Appendix 2: 
<tableCitation id="C68216A1221A0F64FE87F9F7FE9FF9E5" box="[271,351,1554,1581]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[813,824,830,847]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 7. — Measurements of Palaeotragus sp.lower teeth from Xirochori (XIR). LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe; WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe; LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe;WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F739222040F7AFCA5FCDBFBDAFC5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" tableUuid="DF7F739222040F7AFCA5FCDBFBDAFC5B">Table 7</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A7091221A0F64FF13F9D7FE75F863" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F64FF13F9D7FE52F8A3" blockId="9.[130,777,1458,1900]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
The lingual ribs and stylids are weak on the preserved M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FD5BF9DAFD1DF998" attach="left" box="[723,733,1599,1616]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">2</subScript>
and M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FF16F9BAFF68F9B8" attach="left" box="[158,168,1631,1648]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
of XIR-24 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221A0F64FEAFF9B7FEB4F9A5" box="[295,372,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1692,1709]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,947,1648]" captionTargetId="figure-210@8.[132,1455,947,1649]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 6. — A, Part of mandible, LGPUT RPl-104F with M1-M3 of Palaeotragus cf. coelophrys from Ravin de la Pluie, Axios Valley, Greece (late Vallesian) in: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, part of mandible, LGPUT XIR-24 with M2-M3 of Palaeotragus sp. from Xirochori, Axios Valley,Greece (late Vallesian) in: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518449/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
)but the metaconid and the metastylid are quite prominent. The second and third lobes of the M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FD52F99AFD24F958" attach="none" box="[730,740,1663,1680]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
are separated by a very shallow groove. Labially, the protoconid and the hypoconid direct distally and they are both fairly more pointed in the M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FEF0F93AFE42F938" attach="left" box="[376,386,1759,1776]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">2</subScript>
than in the M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FD92F93AFDE4F938" attach="left" box="[538,548,1759,1776]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
. A weak entoconid is observed on the M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FEC5F91AFE97F8D8" attach="right" box="[333,343,1791,1808]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">2</subScript>
. A strong ectoconid is observed between the first and the second lobe of M 
<subScript id="1784215F221A0F64FE72F8FAFDC4F8F8" attach="right" box="[506,516,1823,1840]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">3</subScript>
, while there is a weaker one between the second and the third lobe. Neither cingulum nor cement are observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F64FF0CF874FE75F863" blockId="9.[132,437,1937,1963]" box="[132,437,1937,1963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<heading id="D0F79476221A0F64FF0CF874FE75F863" box="[132,437,1937,1963]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" reason="8">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FF0CF874FE75F863" box="[132,437,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Nikiti-1 sample (end MN10)</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A7091221A0F61FF0CF854FB73F823" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F64FF0CF854FB0EF965" blockId="9.[132,775,1969,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[811,1457,1204,1709]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FF0CF854FAC4FB06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229322" collectionCode="LGPUT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-172" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FF0CF854FD35F804" bold="true" box="[132,757,1969,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
Studied material (
<collectionCode id="ED11BBDF221A0F64FEC5F854FE6CF803" box="[333,428,1969,1995]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">LGPUT</collectionCode>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221A0F64FE3EF854FD35F804" authorityName="Korotkevitch" authorityYear="1957" box="[438,757,1969,1996]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berislavicus">
<originalDetermination id="A81E9BE6221A0F64FE3EF854FD35F804" box="[438,757,1969,1996]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FE3EF854FD84F804" bold="true" box="[438,580,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FDFCF854FD35F804" bold="true" box="[628,757,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">berislavicus</emphasis>
</originalDetermination>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). A partial cranium preserving both toothrows and the very proximal part of the ossicones (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB01FB51FB3CFB06" box="[1161,1276,1204,1230]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-172</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FA98FB51FBBDFB27" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229309" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-161" specimenCount="1">
a left humerus distal articulation (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB89FB31FBB4FB27" box="[1025,1140,1236,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-161</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FB01FB31FBE4FAC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229327" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-156, NKT-159, NKT-169" specimenCount="1">
three left radii (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAB0FB36FA6AFB26" box="[1336,1450,1235,1262]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-156</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCA5FB16FC5FFAC6" box="[813,927,1267,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-159</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FC22FB16FBDCFAC6" box="[938,1052,1267,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-169</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FBB8FB11FA8EFAC6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229308" box="[1072,1358,1267,1294]" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-155" specimenCount="1">
a right radius (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB5BFB16FA86FAC6" box="[1235,1350,1267,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-155</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FAD2FB11FB5CFAE6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229325" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-167" specimenCount="1">
a proximal part of radius (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB91FAF6FB54FAE6" box="[1049,1172,1299,1326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-167</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FB23FAF1FBEDFA85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229316" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-137, NKT-141" specimenCount="1">
two right metacarpals (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCBDFAD6FC67FA85" box="[821,935,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-137</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FC3BFAD6FBE5FA85" box="[947,1061,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-141</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FBB0FAD1FABAFA85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229317" box="[1080,1402,1331,1358]" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-131" specimenCount="1">
a left metacarpal (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB77FAD6FAB2FA85" box="[1279,1394,1331,1357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-131</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FA0EFAD1FA56FAA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229302" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-26, NKT-67" specimenCount="1">
two proximal parts of left metacarpals (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB30FAB6FADDFAA5" box="[1208,1309,1363,1389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-26</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAA2FAB6FA4EFAA6" box="[1322,1422,1363,1390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-67</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FA2CFAB1FBE6FA45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229301" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-271" specimenCount="1">
a right tibia (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FC22FA96FBDEFA45" box="[938,1054,1395,1421]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-271</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FBB8FA91FC6AFA66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229312" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-150, NKT-154" specimenCount="1">
two distal parts of tibia (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAB2FA96FA6CFA46" box="[1338,1452,1395,1422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-150</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCA3FA76FC62FA66" box="[811,930,1427,1454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-154</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FC31FA71FA53FA66" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229321" box="[953,1427,1427,1454]" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-163, NKT-266" specimenCount="1">
two left astragali (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB07FA76FAC6FA65" box="[1167,1286,1427,1453]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-163</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FA9DFA76FA4CFA66" box="[1301,1420,1427,1454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-266</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FA2AFA71FB9DFA06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229320" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-267" specimenCount="1">
a right astragalus (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FC69FA56FB95FA06" box="[993,1109,1459,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-267</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FBE0FA56FC69FA26" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229324" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-153, NKT-268" specimenCount="1">
two right calcanei (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAB1FA56FA6AFA06" box="[1337,1450,1459,1486]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-153</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCA3FA36FC61FA26" box="[811,929,1491,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-268</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FC3FFA36FBE8F9C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229315" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-133, NKT-136, NKT-139, NKT-160" specimenCount="1">
four left metatarsals (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB39FA36FAE7FA25" box="[1201,1319,1491,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-133</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FABDFA36FA69FA25" box="[1333,1449,1491,1517]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-136</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCA5FA16FC5FF9C5" box="[813,927,1523,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-139</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FC25FA16FBE0F9C6" box="[941,1056,1523,1550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-160</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FBBEFA16FC69F9E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229323" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-138, NKT-144" specimenCount="1">
two right metatarsals (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAB0FA16FA6AF9C5" box="[1336,1450,1523,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-138</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCA7F9F6FC61F9E5" box="[815,929,1555,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-144</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FC3EF9F6FA6CF9E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229304" box="[950,1452,1554,1581]" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-151" specimenCount="1">
a distal part of a right metatarsal (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAB9F9F7FA64F9E5" box="[1329,1444,1554,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-151</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B682947221A0F64FCA5F9D7FC23F9A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3763229319" collectionCode="NKT" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" specimenCode="NKT-132, NKT- 140, NKT-168" specimenCount="1">
three proximal parts of right metatarsals (
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FB78F9D6FAA2F985" box="[1264,1378,1587,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-132</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FAE5F9D6FC9BF9A4" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-140</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBA68B61221A0F64FCEFF9B7FC1AF9A5" box="[871,986,1618,1645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-168</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. The taxon is represented by at least 
<specimenCount id="9D06E893221A0F64FA08F9B7FCA7F944" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" type="adult">four adult</specimenCount>
and a possibly young individual. Measurements are provided in Appendix 2: 
<tableCitation id="C68216A1221A0F64FBCDF977FB06F964" box="[1093,1222,1682,1709]" captionStart-0="TABLE" captionStart-1="TABLE" captionStart-2="TABLE" captionStart-3="TABLE" captionStart-4="TABLE" captionStart-5="TABLE" captionStart-6="TABLE" captionStartId-0="23.[813,824,1295,1312]" captionStartId-1="24.[132,143,219,236]" captionStartId-2="24.[132,143,701,718]" captionStartId-3="24.[813,824,219,236]" captionStartId-4="24.[813,824,701,718]" captionStartId-5="24.[813,824,1133,1150]" captionStartId-6="24.[132,143,1412,1429]" captionTargetPageId-0="23" captionTargetPageId-1="24" captionTargetPageId-2="24" captionTargetPageId-3="24" captionTargetPageId-4="24" captionTargetPageId-5="24" captionTargetPageId-6="24" captionText-0="TABLE 8. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus upper teeth from the Nikiti (cranium NKT-172). Abbreviations: LPM, Length of upper toothrow; LP, Length of upper premolar row; LM, Length of upper molar row; LP2, Length of P2; WP2, Width of P2; LP3, Length of P3; WP3, Width of P3; LP4, Length of P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe;WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe;LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." captionText-1="TABLE 9. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus radii from Nikiti (NKT).R-GL, Greatest Length;R-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end;R-Dp, Depth of the proximal end; R-Bpart, Breadth of the proximal articular surface; R- Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; R-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; R-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; R-Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." captionText-2="TABLE 10. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus metacarpals from Nikiti (NKT). Mc-GL, Greatest Length; Mc-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; Mc-Dp, Depth of the proximal end;Mc-Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; Mc-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; Mc-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; Mc-Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." captionText-3="TABLE 11. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus tibiae from Nikiti (NKT).T-GL, Greatest Length;T-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; T-Dp, Depth of the proximal end; T-Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; T-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; T-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; T-Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." captionText-4="TABLE 12. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus astragali from Nikiti (NKT). A-GLl, Greatest lateral Length; A-GLm, Greatest medial Length; A-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; A-Dl, Lateral Depth; A-Dm, Medial Depth; A-Bd, Breadth of the distal end (in mm)." captionText-5="TABLE 13. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus calcanei from Nikiti (NKT). C-GLl, Greatest Length; C-GB, Greatest Breadth (in mm)." captionText-6="TABLE 14. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus metatarsals from Nikiti (NKT). Mt-GL, Greatest Length; Mt-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; Mt- Dp, Depth of the proximal end; Mt-Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; Mt-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; Mt-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; Mt- Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFF3EFCC8FE8F" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFD58FE12FCE0" httpUri-3="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FF3EFC07FE8F" httpUri-4="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FD58FBBBFCDA" httpUri-5="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FB88FA88FB5C" httpUri-6="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFA61FE6FFA0A" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" tableUuid-1="DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFF3EFCC8FE8F" tableUuid-2="DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFD58FE12FCE0" tableUuid-3="DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FF3EFC07FE8F" tableUuid-4="DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FD58FBBBFCDA" tableUuid-5="DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FB88FA88FB5C" tableUuid-6="DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFA61FE6FFA0A">Tables 8-14</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221A0F67FCA5F937FE65FB26" blockId="9.[811,1457,1745,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[132,776,1140,1262]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="445" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FCA5F937FC51F924" bold="true" box="[813,913,1746,1772]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Cranium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974FF08221A0F64FC17F934FBD5F923" bold="true" box="[927,1045,1745,1771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">NKT-172)</emphasis>
. The cranium is badly crashed, moderately deformed, and laterally compressed (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221A0F64FB60F917FAE4F8C4" box="[1256,1316,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1099,1116]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-499@9.[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Partial cranium,LGPUT NKT-172 of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian) in: A, right-lateral; B, leftlateral; C, palatal views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). It preserves both toothrows but in the left one the molars are very badly preserved (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221A0F64FC2BF8D4FC38F884" box="[931,1016,1841,1868]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1099,1116]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-499@9.[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Partial cranium,LGPUT NKT-172 of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian) in: A, right-lateral; B, leftlateral; C, palatal views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). The mesial margin of the orbit reaches the level of M3. The length from the mesial edge of the orbit to the mesial root of P2 is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF221A0F64FBDBF894FB76F844" box="[1107,1206,1905,1932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="444" unit="mm" value="154.0">154 mm</quantity>
. A pair of supraorbital ossicones is present, both broken near the base (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221A0F64FABEF874FA4BF863" box="[1334,1419,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1099,1116]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-499@9.[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Partial cranium,LGPUT NKT-172 of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian) in: A, right-lateral; B, leftlateral; C, palatal views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518452/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="444">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). It can be assumed that the ossicones are placed relatively medially compared to the dorso-lateral orbital margins, although the skull is very deformed. The basal anteroposterior diameter of the ossicones is 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22190F67FEC2FB71FE70FB66" box="[330,432,1172,1198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="43.4">43.4 mm</quantity>
, while the transverse diameter is 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FF0CFB50FF54FB06" box="[132,148,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">c.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22190F67FF14FB51FF30FB06" box="[156,240,1204,1230]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
. Their cross section is oval shaped with main axis trending anteroposteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F739222190F67FF0CFBF6FA71FBF3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518454/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" startId="10.[132,143,1043,1060]" targetBox="[147,1441,215,1001]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22190F67FF0CFBF6FA71FBF3" blockId="10.[132,1457,1043,1083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
FIG. 8. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922190F67FF59FBF6FE7CFBEC" authorityName="Korotkevitch" authorityYear="1957" box="[209,444,1043,1060]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berislavicus">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FF59FBF6FEFCFBEC" box="[209,316,1043,1060]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FED5FBF6FE7CFBEC" box="[349,444,1043,1060]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">berislavicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian): 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FC29FBF6FC6EFBEC" bold="true" box="[929,942,1043,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">A</emphasis>
, radius,LGPUT NKT-156; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FB0CFBF6FB51FBEC" bold="true" box="[1156,1169,1043,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">B</emphasis>
, radius,LGPUT NKT-155; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FAE0FBF6FAB6FBEC" bold="true" box="[1384,1398,1043,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">C</emphasis>
, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-137; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FE0CFBCFFE52FBF3" bold="true" box="[388,402,1066,1083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">D</emphasis>
, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-131. Views: 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FC89FBCFFCCBFBF3" bold="true" box="[769,779,1066,1083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">1</emphasis>
, proximal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FCE0FBCFFCB2FBF3" bold="true" box="[872,882,1066,1083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">2</emphasis>
, cranial (dorsal); 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FB88FBCFFBCAFBF3" bold="true" box="[1024,1034,1066,1083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">3</emphasis>
, distal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FBC3FBCFFB95FBF3" bold="true" box="[1099,1109,1066,1083]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">4</emphasis>
, caudal (palmar) views. Scale bar: 20 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22190F67FF0CFAF1FD00F944" blockId="10.[132,777,1299,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FF0CFAF1FEFBFAE5" bold="true" box="[132,315,1299,1326]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Upper dentition</emphasis>
. The labial side of the left molars of NKT-172 is damaged (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22190F67FECCFAD6FE5AFA85" box="[324,410,1331,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1099,1116]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-499@9.[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Partial cranium,LGPUT NKT-172 of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian) in: A, right-lateral; B, leftlateral; C, palatal views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122190F67FE2DFAD6FE38FA85" box="[421,504,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="23.[813,824,1295,1312]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="TABLE 8. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus upper teeth from the Nikiti (cranium NKT-172). Abbreviations: LPM, Length of upper toothrow; LP, Length of upper premolar row; LM, Length of upper molar row; LP2, Length of P2; WP2, Width of P2; LP3, Length of P3; WP3, Width of P3; LP4, Length of P4; WP4, Width of P4; LM1, Length of M1; WaM1, Width of M1 anterior lobe; WpM1, Width of M1 posterior lobe; LM2, Length of M2; WaM2, Width of M2 anterior lobe;WpM2, Width of M2 posterior lobe;LM3, Length of M3; WaM3, Width of M3 anterior lobe; WpM3, Width of M3 posterior lobe (in mm)." pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Table 8</tableCitation>
). The toothrows are not very worn. The P2 and P3 have a circular occlusal outline. Labially, the parastyle and the paracone ribs are well-developed, whereas the metastyle is weak. The fossettes of the P2 and the P3 are wide and U-shaped. A hypoconal fold can be seen in the distal part of the P3’s fossette. Compared to the P 
<superScript id="7C758E5222190F67FF49FA11FF0BF9CD" attach="left" box="[193,203,1524,1541]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">2</superScript>
and P 
<superScript id="7C758E5222190F67FE9DFA11FEDFF9CD" attach="right" box="[277,287,1524,1541]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">3</superScript>
, the P 
<superScript id="7C758E5222190F67FEE5FA11FEB7F9CD" attach="left" box="[365,375,1524,1541]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">4</superScript>
has a more pronounced metastyle, and a less convex lingual wall giving to it a more squared occlusal outline. The central fossette of the P4 is wide and simple. On the disto-lingual part of the P4 there is a style that reaches almost to the half of the crown height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22190F67FF13F977FAF7FAC6" blockId="10.[132,777,1299,2028]" lastBlockId="10.[811,1456,1140,1294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
The basic morphology of the molars is similar to those of other giraffids (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22190F67FEDFF957FE72F904" box="[343,434,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[132,143,1099,1116]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-499@9.[132,1455,215,1057]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 7. — Partial cranium,LGPUT NKT-172 of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian) in: A, right-lateral; B, leftlateral; C, palatal views. Scale bar: 15 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518452/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). The M2 and M3 are slightly worn and have well-developed parastyle, paracone rib, mesostyle and metastyle. The labial rib of the metacone is almost flat. A weak labial cingulum is present on M 
<superScript id="7C758E5222190F67FD46F8F6FD18F8EC" attach="left" box="[718,728,1811,1828]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">1</superScript>
and M2. On the M3 a labial style is attached on the basis of the metacone. Lingually, the protocone and the hypocone are almost equally prominent and of similar shape on the M1 and M2. In the M3 the protocone protrudes lingually more than the hypocone. The distal protocone and mesial hypocone flanges converge in the middle of the tooth. The distal hypocone flange tends to connect with the metastyle; they are already connected in the less worn M3. The size of the mesial fossette is small. Mesially, the protocone flange is connected to the parastyle. Both fossettes are U-shaped. There is a very weak hypoconal fold in the M2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22190F67FCA5FAD6FC60F9E4" blockId="10.[811,1458,1331,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FCA5FAD6FC74FA85" bold="true" box="[813,948,1331,1357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Postcranials</emphasis>
. The preserved distal humerus (NKT-161) is crashed and deformed preventing reliable morphological observations (breadth of distal epiphysis: 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22190F67FB60FA96FA8EFA46" box="[1256,1358,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.54" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="85.4">85.4 mm</quantity>
; width of distal epiphysis: 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22190F67FC53FA76FB91FA66" box="[987,1105,1427,1454]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.093999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="40.94">40.94 mm</quantity>
). Its size is intermediate between those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922190F67FC06FA51FC33FA05" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1861" box="[910,1011,1460,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rouenii">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FC06FA51FC33FA05" box="[910,1011,1460,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">P. rouenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FBA4FA51FB79FA05" box="[1068,1209,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922190F67FBA4FA51FB74FA05" baseAuthorityName="Rodler &amp; Weithofer" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[1068,1204,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelophrys">P. coelophrys</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
It has the same width as a 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922190F67FCD2FA31FC16FA25" baseAuthorityName="Koken" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[858,982,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microdon">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822190F67FCD2FA31FC16FA25" box="[858,982,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">P. microdon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF915EEB22190F67FB54FA36FABEFA25" author="BOHLIN B." box="[1244,1406,1491,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" pagination="1 - 178" refId="ref14243" refString="BOHLIN B. 1926. - Die Familie Giraffidae. Palaeontologia Sinica, Series C. Volume 4 (1): 1 - 178." type="journal article" year="1926">Bohlin (1926)</bibRefCitation>
. On the NKT specimen, the olecranon fossa is deep, wide and U-shaped.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22190F66FCCBF9D7FB94FE99" blockId="10.[811,1458,1331,2028]" lastBlockId="11.[810,1457,215,2028]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="446" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">
The radii are all elongated (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22190F67FBF3F9D7FB30F985" box="[1147,1264,1586,1613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1043,1060]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-583@10.[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 8. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian):A, radius,LGPUT NKT-156;B, radius,LGPUT NKT-155;C, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-137; D, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-131. Views: 1, proximal; 2, cranial (dorsal); 3, distal; 4, caudal (palmar) views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518454/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
) and moderately slender. Two of the NKT radii are fairly curved (concave laterally; NKT-155, NKT-156; 
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22190F67FBE0F997FB19F945" box="[1128,1241,1650,1677]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1043,1060]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-583@10.[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 8. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian):A, radius,LGPUT NKT-156;B, radius,LGPUT NKT-155;C, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-137; D, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-131. Views: 1, proximal; 2, cranial (dorsal); 3, distal; 4, caudal (palmar) views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518454/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122190F67FB6DF997FAF4F944" box="[1253,1332,1650,1676]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="24.[132,143,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 9. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus radii from Nikiti (NKT).R-GL, Greatest Length;R-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end;R-Dp, Depth of the proximal end; R-Bpart, Breadth of the proximal articular surface; R- Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; R-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; R-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; R-Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFF3EFCC8FE8F" pageId="10" pageNumber="445" tableUuid="DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFF3EFCC8FE8F">Table 9</tableCitation>
), while the rest three are straighter (NKT-159, NKT-167, NKT-169). The cross section is crescent-shaped in the proximal 4/5 of bone’s length, with rounded cranial and straight caudal faces; it is trapezoidal shaped in the distal most 1/5 of radius length. The two epiphyseal areas are both much wider than the shaft, and they both expand medially and laterally. In the specimen NKT-159 the olecranon is partly preserved. It seems to greatly tilt latero-distally. Proximally, the medial, rectangular/subrectangular shaped articular surface is much larger than the quadrangular lateral one, separated by each other by a wide, shallow furrow (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22190F67FC55F834FBF3F823" box="[989,1075,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1043,1060]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-583@10.[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 8. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian):A, radius,LGPUT NKT-156;B, radius,LGPUT NKT-155;C, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-137; D, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-131. Views: 1, proximal; 2, cranial (dorsal); 3, distal; 4, caudal (palmar) views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518454/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22190F67FBBBF834FBAAF823" box="[1075,1130,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[813,824,910,927]" captionTargetBox="[813,1456,214,867]" captionTargetId="graphics-690@4.[813,1456,215,867]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Occurrences of large sized Palaeotragus Gaudry, 1861 in Greece: 1, Thermopigi; 2, Nikiti-1; 3, Pentalophos; 4, Xirochori; 5, Ravin de la Pluie; 6, Kerassia; 7, Mytilinii, Samos. Red circles, Vallesian occurrences; green circles, Turolian occurrences." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518434/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="445">1, B1</figureCitation>
). The medial tuberosity is not developed. A tilted narrow crest divides the distal articular surface into two equal subregions, representing the articular surfaces for the scaphoideum and semilunare, respectively.They are both round and slightly concave. The semilunare surface is interrupted by a convex protrusion distally. The groove for the extensor carpi radialis muscle at the cranial part of the distal epiphysis is wide, and very shallow to flattened, delimited by blunt ridges (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FC34FED2FBCDFE99" box="[956,1037,311,337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1043,1060]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-583@10.[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 8. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian):A, radius,LGPUT NKT-156;B, radius,LGPUT NKT-155;C, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-137; D, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-131. Views: 1, proximal; 2, cranial (dorsal); 3, distal; 4, caudal (palmar) views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518454/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FB85FED2FB88FE99" box="[1037,1096,311,337]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1808,1825]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetId="figure-109@5.[132,1455,153,1767]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Palaeotragus coelophrys (Rodler &amp; Weithofer, 1890) from Pentalophos, Axios Valley,Greece (late early Vallesian):A, upper toothrow LGPUT PNT-113F: 1, occlusal; 2, lingual; 3, labial views; B, upper P2 (LGPUT PNT-161) in occlusal view; C, upper P3 (LGPUT PNT-164) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518436" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518436/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">2, B2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22180F66FCCBFEB2FBB2FC26" blockId="11.[810,1457,215,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">
The best preserved metacarpals (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FB1EFEB2FAC7FEB9" box="[1174,1287,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="10.[132,143,1043,1060]" captionTargetBox="[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetId="figure-583@10.[147,1441,215,1001]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIG. 8. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian):A, radius,LGPUT NKT-156;B, radius,LGPUT NKT-155;C, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-137; D, metacarpal III-IV, LGPUT NKT-131. Views: 1, proximal; 2, cranial (dorsal); 3, distal; 4, caudal (palmar) views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518454" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518454/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 8C, D</figureCitation>
) vary slightly in length (
<tableCitation id="C68216A122180F66FC08FE92FC1CFE59" box="[896,988,375,401]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="24.[132,143,701,718]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 10. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus metacarpals from Nikiti (NKT). Mc-GL, Greatest Length; Mc-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; Mc-Dp, Depth of the proximal end;Mc-Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; Mc-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; Mc-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; Mc-Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFD58FE12FCE0" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" tableUuid="DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFD58FE12FCE0">Table 10</tableCitation>
), having however similar robusticity indices (8.38-8.75%). The lateral and medial epicondyles are asymmetrical. The lateral epicondyle has half the size of the medial one, and it is of square or rectangular shape. The medial epicondyle is rounded dorsally and has an overall shape of a half to ¼ of a circle. The fossa in-between the two epicondyles continues in the medial epicondyle. The medial and lateral epicondyles continue to the medial and lateral ridges respectively, which are of similar width and morphology. They are both rounded near the proximal end and they become slenderer and sharper in the shaft area. The central trough is very deep near the proximal end of the bone but becomes shallower and flatter towards the distal end. The trough’s width is variable. However, it can be said that the longer the bone, the wider is the trough. The pyramidal rise is absent in most of the specimens apart of NKT- 
<quantity id="4CF88EFF22180F66FBE9FCB0FB64FCA7" box="[1121,1188,853,879]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4798" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" unit="in" value="137.0">137 in</quantity>
which a slight protrusion could be attributed to the pyramidal rise; however, it is not prominent at all. The keels of the distal epicondyles are more prominent palmary, and they also extend onto the distal end of the palmar side of the shaft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22180F66FCCBFC11FBC2FAA6" blockId="11.[810,1457,215,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">
Three tibia specimens are preserved (
<tableCitation id="C68216A122180F66FB4EFC11FAE3FBC7" box="[1222,1315,1012,1039]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="24.[813,824,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 11. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus tibiae from Nikiti (NKT).T-GL, Greatest Length;T-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; T-Dp, Depth of the proximal end; T-Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; T-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; T-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; T-Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FF3EFC07FE8F" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" tableUuid="DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FF3EFC07FE8F">Table 11</tableCitation>
). Proximally, the angle of the sulcus mascularis is obtuse when compared to the bovid or cervid anatomy (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FBD6FBD1FB07FB87" box="[1118,1223,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-658@11.[132,775,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 9. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian): tibia, LGPUT NKT-271 in: A, proximal; B, cranial; C, distal, D, caudal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518458/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
). The tuberosity is not well preserved but does not seem to be pronounced (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FAEAFBB1FA5FFBA6" box="[1378,1439,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-658@11.[132,775,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 9. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian): tibia, LGPUT NKT-271 in: A, proximal; B, cranial; C, distal, D, caudal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518458/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). The lateral condyle is somewhat damaged laterally and cranially. In the better preserved distal tibial fragment NKT-154 the cross section of the distal shaft is sub-rectangular. The distal articular surface has a broad rectangular shape, and the articular surface for the medial malleolus is quite prominent (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FCBDFAF6FC49FAE6" box="[821,905,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[132,143,1782,1799]" captionTargetBox="[132,775,215,1741]" captionTargetId="figure-658@11.[132,775,215,1741]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 9. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian): tibia, LGPUT NKT-271 in: A, proximal; B, cranial; C, distal, D, caudal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518458/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). The 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FC44FAF6FBE4FAE5" box="[972,1060,1299,1325]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">cochlear</emphasis>
crest, that separates the cochlear furrows, is moderately prominent forming a strong caudal and a weak cranial crest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22180F61FCCBFA96FCC8FA05" blockId="11.[810,1457,215,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[130,777,1331,2027]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">
The size of the three preserved NKT astragali (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FAD0FA96FA68FA45" box="[1368,1448,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A122180F66FCA5FA76FC4CFA65" box="[813,908,1427,1453]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="24.[813,824,701,718]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 12. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus astragali from Nikiti (NKT). A-GLl, Greatest lateral Length; A-GLm, Greatest medial Length; A-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; A-Dl, Lateral Depth; A-Dm, Medial Depth; A-Bd, Breadth of the distal end (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FD58FBBBFCDA" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" tableUuid="DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FD58FBBBFCDA">Table 12</tableCitation>
) is intermediate between the groups of small and large 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FCECFA56FC28FA05" box="[868,1000,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922180F66FCECFA56FC25FA05" authorityName="Gaudry" authorityYear="1861" box="[868,997,1459,1485]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Palaeotragus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The NKT astragali are rectangular in shape, as the lateral and medial lengths are of almost equal size and not thickened medially. In dorsal view the lateral edge of the trochlea tilts slightly medially. The central fossa is large, deep and triangular. The medial groove is weak in NKT-266; it is damaged in the other 
<specimenCount id="9D06E89322180F66FBBEF9B6FB16F9A4" box="[1078,1238,1618,1645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
. The lateral notch is faint in NKT-266, prominent in NKT 267 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FA9FF997FAB7F944" box="[1303,1399,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
) and intermediate in NKT-163 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FBC4F977FB6AF965" box="[1100,1194,1682,1709]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). The median depression is wide and deep in NKT-163 and NKT-266 but shallower in NKT-267.Ventrally, the medial ridge tilts medially in the specimens NKT-266 and NKT-267 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FB0FF917FB27F8C4" box="[1159,1255,1778,1804]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
), while it is almost vertical in NKT-163 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FB93F8F7FBBBF8E4" box="[1051,1147,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). The intertrochlear notch is deep and narrow in NKT-163, but it is wide and shallow in NKT-266 and NKT-267 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FBC3F8B4FB57F8A4" box="[1099,1175,1873,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). The proximal triangular fossa is prominent and the interarticular groove absent in all the specimens.The medial scala is absent in NKT-267, weak in NKT-266 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FC29F854FC3BF803" box="[929,1019,1969,1995]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig.10A</figureCitation>
) and slightly more prominent in NKT-163 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F22180F66FCBDF834FC51F824" box="[821,913,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
). The distal intracephalic fossa is absent in NKT-266 and NKT-267; in NKT-163 it probably exists, although the preservation status of the specimen does not allow to be decisive (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FF05FA96FF16FA45" box="[141,214,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). The lateral and medial crests are equally thick, with the lateral pointing posteriorly, and the medial slightly tilting medially. The lateral side of the astragali is somewhat concave.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F739222180F66FF0CF913FE67F8FD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518458" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518458/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" startId="11.[132,143,1782,1799]" targetBox="[132,775,215,1741]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A22180F66FF0CF913FE67F8FD" blockId="11.[132,777,1782,1845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">
FIG. 9. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C00589922180F66FF58F913FE77F8CF" authorityName="Korotkevitch" authorityYear="1957" box="[208,439,1782,1799]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="11" pageNumber="446" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berislavicus">
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FF58F913FEF9F8CF" box="[208,313,1782,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FED1F913FE77F8CF" box="[345,439,1782,1799]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">berislavicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nikiti-1,Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian): tibia, LGPUT NKT-271 in: 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FE7CF8E8FDC1F8D6" bold="true" box="[500,513,1805,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">A</emphasis>
, proximal; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FDE8F8E8FDADF8D6" bold="true" box="[608,621,1805,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">B</emphasis>
, cranial; 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FD34F8E8FD0AF8D6" bold="true" box="[700,714,1805,1822]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">C</emphasis>
, distal, 
<emphasis id="B974FF0822180F66FF0CF8C1FF52F8FD" bold="true" box="[132,146,1828,1845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="446">D</emphasis>
, caudal views. Scale bar: 20 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7F7392221F0F61FF0CFB20FD23FB25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" startId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221F0F61FF0CFB20FD23FB25" blockId="12.[132,1455,1221,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
FIG. 10. — 
<taxonomicName id="4C005899221F0F61FF55FB20FE0DFB1E" authorityName="Korotkevitch" authorityYear="1957" box="[221,461,1221,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Giraffidae" genus="Palaeotragus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berislavicus">
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FF55FB20FE89FB1E" box="[221,329,1221,1238]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Palaeotragus</emphasis>
aff. 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FEE4FB20FE0DFB1E" box="[364,461,1221,1238]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">berislavicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian): 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FC37FB20FC0CFB1E" bold="true" box="[959,972,1221,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">A</emphasis>
, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FB44FB20FB19FB1E" bold="true" box="[1228,1241,1221,1238]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">B</emphasis>
, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-163. Views: 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FF61FB39FF33FB25" bold="true" box="[233,243,1244,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">1</emphasis>
, lateral; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FEB3FB39FE85FB25" bold="true" box="[315,325,1244,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">2</emphasis>
, medial; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FE19FB39FE5BFB25" bold="true" box="[401,411,1244,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">3</emphasis>
, posterior; 
<emphasis id="B974FF08221F0F61FE73FB39FDC5FB25" bold="true" box="[507,517,1244,1261]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">4</emphasis>
, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221F0F61FF13FA36FEFFF823" blockId="12.[130,777,1331,2027]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
Two right calcanei were collected. The calcaneus NKT-153 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FF05FA16FF19F9C5" box="[141,217,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,968,985]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,924]" captionTargetId="figure-269@13.[132,1455,215,924]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 11. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula,Greece (latest Vallesian).Calcaneus,LGPUT NKT-153 in: A, lateral; B, medial;C, dorsal; D, plantar views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518462/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A1221F0F61FF6EFA16FE83F9C5" box="[230,323,1523,1549]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="24.[813,824,1133,1150]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 13. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus calcanei from Nikiti (NKT). C-GLl, Greatest Length; C-GB, Greatest Breadth (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FB88FA88FB5C" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" tableUuid="DF7F7392220B0F75FCA5FB88FA88FB5C">Table 13</tableCitation>
) is larger, with a more robust corpus than NKT-268. However, the NKT-268 head seems to be stronger relatively to the corpus, than the NKT-153 one.Both the dorsal and plantar crests are parallel to the bone axis. The calcaneal tuberosity is prominent, though weathered in both specimens. In NKT-268 a medial crest separates the calcaneal tuberosity from the rest of the calcaneal corpus. The sustentaculum tali is somewhat damaged in NKT-153 (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FD84F937FD4BF924" box="[524,651,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1221,1238]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-460@12.[132,1455,215,1180]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 10. — Palaeotragus aff.berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian):A, astragalus, LGPUT NKT-267; B, astragalus, LGPUT NKT- 163. Views: 1, lateral; 2, medial; 3, posterior; 4, anterior. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518460/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
), while it is robust in NKT-268. The proximal-plantar articular surface for the astragalus consists of two concave surfaces, with the plantar one being almost double in size than the dorsal surface. Medially, the articular surface for the astragalus is fairly deep and concave. The articular surface for the scaphocuboideum is located plantarly and is slightly damaged in both specimens. Dorsally, there is a well-developed, articular facet for the malleolus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF231A221F0F61FCCBFAD6FB73F823" blockId="12.[811,1457,1331,2028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">
The metatarsals (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FB8BFAD6FB92FA85" box="[1027,1106,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-317@13.[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 12. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian). Metatarsal, LGPUT NKT-136 in: A, proximal; B, plantar; C, distal; D, dorsal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518464/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="C68216A1221F0F61FBE9FAD6FB03FA85" box="[1121,1219,1331,1357]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1412,1429]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 14. — Measurements of Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus metatarsals from Nikiti (NKT). Mt-GL, Greatest Length; Mt-Bp, Breadth of the proximal end; Mt- Dp, Depth of the proximal end; Mt-Bdia, Breadth in the middle of the shaft; Mt-Ddia, Depth In the middle of the shaft; Mt-Bd, Breadth of the distal end; Mt- Dd, Depth of the distal end (in mm)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFA61FE6FFA0A" pageId="12" pageNumber="447" tableUuid="DF7F7392220B0F75FF0CFA61FE6FFA0A">Table 14</tableCitation>
) demonstrate a variation in both the total length and the robusticity indices (7.3-12%), also partly due to postmortem deformation (e.g., NKT-133). The lateral epicondyle is smaller and subdivided in two regions, the dorsal and the plantar heads (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FAC9FA56FA63FA05" box="[1345,1443,1459,1485]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-317@13.[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 12. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian). Metatarsal, LGPUT NKT-136 in: A, proximal; B, plantar; C, distal; D, dorsal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518464/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). In contrast, in the medial proximal epicondyle this separation is not evident. The medial epicondyle has a trapezoid shape (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FCFFF9F7FC16F9E5" box="[887,982,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-317@13.[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 12. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian). Metatarsal, LGPUT NKT-136 in: A, proximal; B, plantar; C, distal; D, dorsal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518464/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
). The lateral dorsal head is more circular. The shape of the lateral plantar head is intermediate in shape. The pygmaios is not preserved (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FBDBF9B7FB12F9A5" box="[1107,1234,1618,1645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-317@13.[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 12. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian). Metatarsal, LGPUT NKT-136 in: A, proximal; B, plantar; C, distal; D, dorsal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518464/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 12A, B</figureCitation>
). The central trough varies in the studied specimens. However, it is significantly shallower and it disappears from the middle towards the distal end of the bone (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FBA6F957FB50F905" box="[1070,1168,1714,1741]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-317@13.[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 12. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian). Metatarsal, LGPUT NKT-136 in: A, proximal; B, plantar; C, distal; D, dorsal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518464/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). The width of the trough also varies, and it seems to follow the total bone width. The proximo-plantar fossa is present, weak and communicates with the central trough in the specimen NKT-139 whereas the bad conservation status of the other specimens does not allow to identify it. In contrast to the metacarpals, a dorsal trough is evident; it is deeper at the proximal end of the bone, becomes shallower downwards and disappears at the distal end (
<figureCitation id="133B3F9F221F0F61FC2CF854FBC8F804" box="[932,1032,1969,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[132,143,1489,1506]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetId="figure-317@13.[132,1455,1042,1447]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 12. — Palaeotragus aff. berislavicus from Nikiti-1, Chalkidiki peninsula, Greece (latest Vallesian). Metatarsal, LGPUT NKT-136 in: A, proximal; B, plantar; C, distal; D, dorsal views. Scale bar: 20 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518464" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518464/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="447">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). The distal epiphysis of the metatarsals is similar to that of the metacarpals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>