treatments-xml/data/03/A9/87/03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776.xml

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<mods:title id="16919D823E44CF632D923A5C44FBB74A">The species of Hemiancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Ecuador</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7FDD330EFD62A461" ID-CoL="6LNNX" ID-ENA="1633055" authority="Eigenmann 1916" authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,645,600,627]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FDD330EFD62A461" bold="true" box="[151,645,600,627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FDD330EFE4AA460" bold="true" box="[151,429,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0ED92E7EFE330FFD62A461" author="Eigenmann" box="[436,645,601,627]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1916) New and rare fishes from South American rivers. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 10 (1 - 2), 77 - 86, pls. 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Eigenmann 1916</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0ED92E7FDD332DFF12A486" box="[151,245,635,660]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1232,1254]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,445,1211]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[340,1247,445,1211]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral and ventral view of Hemiancistrus landoni, MEPN 17952, 135.4 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583857/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Figure 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FDD33E8FE99A4C0" box="[151,382,700,723]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110DECF0ED92E7ECE33EAFDB3A4C0" author="Eigenmann" box="[388,596,700,722]" page="84" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" year="1916">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0ED92E7ECE33EAFDD2A4C0" author="Eigenmann" box="[388,565,700,722]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1916) New and rare fishes from South American rivers. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 10 (1 - 2), 77 - 86, pls. 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Eigenmann 1916</bibRefCitation>
:84
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. 
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locality: 
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, 
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. 
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<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FDD338AFE5EA4E3" box="[151,441,731,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Hemiancistrus hammarlundi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110DECF0ED92E7E8A338DFD83A4E3" author="Rendahl" box="[448,612,731,753]" page="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0ED92E7E8A338DFDB4A4E3" author="Rendahl" box="[448,595,731,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" refString="Rendahl, H. (1937) Einige Fische aus Ecuador und Bolivia. Arkiv for Zoologi, 29 (3), A (11), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1937">Rendahl 1937</bibRefCitation>
:2
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</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0ED92E7D24338DFD4DA4E3" box="[622,682,731,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1781,1803]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,303,1756]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Hemiancistrus furtivus, in lateral, dorsal, and ventral view. MEPN 11569, holotype, 83.0 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583854/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7DFC338AFEF9A502" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860330" country="Ecuador" location="Rio Clementina" municipality="Babahoyo" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios" typeStatus="holotype">
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locality: 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C02338DFC00A4E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C02338DFC00A4E3" box="[840,999,731,753]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Babahoyo" name="Rio Clementina" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Los Rios">Río Clementina</location>
system, northwest of 
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, 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="F317765FCF0ED92E7F8D33ACFEF9A502" box="[199,286,762,784]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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.
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<subSubSection id="C31A6544CF0ED92E7FDD3260FCF2A12D" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0ED92E7FDD3260FCDFA39D" blockId="8.[151,1437,822,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7FDD3260FADDA560" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860359" collectingDate="1979-04-13" collectorName="Material &amp; All &amp; La Cuca &amp; Granja &amp; Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.5" location="rio Arenillas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-80.07222" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="El Oro Province">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FDD3260FE64A55D" bold="true" box="[151,387,822,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7FDD3260FF18A55D" box="[151,255,822,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Material</collectorName>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7EC63260FE57A55D" box="[396,432,822,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">All</collectorName>
from 
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, 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7D2D3260FCC2A55D" box="[615,805,822,847]" country="Ecuador" name="El Oro" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
El 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7DC33261FCC2A55D" box="[649,805,822,847]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Oro Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
, MEPN-5948, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7B563260FB76A55C" box="[1052,1169,822,847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7149999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="171.5">171.5 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7B813261FAC8A55D" box="[1227,1327,823,847]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">La Cuca</collectorName>
, canal de riego, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7F94320CFE8AA561" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7F94320CFE8AA561" box="[222,365,858,883]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.5" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-80.07222" name="rio Arenillas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="El Oro Province">río Arenillas</location>
, 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7E3D320CFE24A561" box="[375,451,858,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Granja</collectorName>
PREDESUR, approx. 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7C0D320CFC36A560" box="[839,977,858,882]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-80.07222">80°04'20&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7CB6320CFBB7A561" box="[1020,1104,858,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Barriga</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7B1C320DFB72A560" box="[1110,1173,858,882]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">et al.,</emphasis>
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<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7BD6320CFADDA560" box="[1180,1338,858,883]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1979-04-13">13 April 1979</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7A0F320DFE9BA5A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860357" collectingDate="1979-04-12" collectorName="Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.636111" location="rio Arenillas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.92777" municipality="Rio Piedras" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="El Oro Province">
MEPN- 5954, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7E6A3228FE63A584" box="[288,388,894,919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.86" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="88.6">88.6 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDBACB5CF0ED92E7EF33228FDDAA585" box="[441,573,894,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Río Piedras</collectingMunicipality>
, curso superior del 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C5D3228FC40A585" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C5D3228FC40A585" box="[791,935,894,919]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.636111" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.92777" municipality="Rio Piedras" name="rio Arenillas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="El Oro Province">río Arenillas</location>
, approx. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7B473229FB6BA585" box="[1037,1164,895,919]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-3.636111">03°38'10&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7BD83228FAFAA585" box="[1170,1309,894,919]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-79.92777">79°55'40&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7A023228FA7BA585" box="[1352,1436,894,919]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Barriga</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FDD32F5FF32A5A8" box="[151,213,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">et al.,</emphasis>
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<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7F9632F4FE9BA5A8" box="[220,380,930,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1979-04-12">12 April 1979</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7ECD32F4FDE6A5CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860355" collectingDate="2010-11-20" collectorName="W, P. Tufino &amp; R. Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.648611" location="Rio Zaracay" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="El Oro Province">
MEPN-17505, 1ex. 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7D2232F4FD2CA5A8" box="[616,715,930,955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.87" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="68.7">68.7 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C4A32F4FC6DA5A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C4A32F4FC6DA5A9" box="[768,906,930,955]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-3.648611" name="Rio Zaracay" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="El Oro Province">Río Zaracay</location>
, approx. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7CBB32F4FB97A5A9" box="[1009,1136,930,955]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-3.648611">03°38'55&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
79°52'180&quot; 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7BB832F4FA98A5A9" box="[1266,1407,930,955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">W, P. Tufiño</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7FDD3291FEF6A5CD" box="[151,273,966,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">R. Barriga</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7E553291FDE6A5CD" box="[287,513,966,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="2010-11-20">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7E553291FDE6A5CD" box="[287,513,966,991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="2010-11-20">20 November 2010</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7D473291FF34A235" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860360" collectingDate="1992-09-22" collectorName="de Noviembre &amp; Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.6905556" location="Rio Minas" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.63778" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guayas Province">
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7D473291FD35A5CD" box="[525,722,966,991]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Guayas Province</collectingRegion>
, MEPN-9820, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7C833290FBD7A5CC" box="[969,1072,966,991]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.99" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="59.9">59.9 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7B203290FB01A5CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7B203290FB01A5CD" box="[1130,1254,966,991]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.6905556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.63778" name="Rio Minas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Guayas Province">Río Minas</location>
, donde cruza la cooperativa 23 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7E0332BCFE09A211" box="[329,494,1002,1027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">de Noviembre</collectorName>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A0D2FEDCF0ED92E7EB632BCFD05A211" box="[508,738,1002,1027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7EB632BCFDDFA211" box="[508,568,1002,1027]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
S de Naranjal
</locationDeviation>
, approx., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7C1F32BCFC32A211" box="[853,981,1002,1027]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-2.6905556">02°41'26&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7C9432BCFB8FA211" box="[990,1128,1002,1027]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-79.63778">79°38'16&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7BD032BCFB16A211" box="[1178,1265,1002,1027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Barriga</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7BB532BCFF34A235" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1992-09-22">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7BB532BCFF34A235" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1992-09-22">22 September 1992</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7F953558FAF7A27C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860363" collectingDate="1992-09-22" collectorName="de Noviembre &amp; Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.6905556" location="Rio Catarama" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.63778" municipality="Rio Minas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">
MEPN-15118, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7E9F3559FDADA234" box="[469,586,1039,1063]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.349" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="134.9">134.9 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDBACB5CF0ED92E7DCF3558FCE7A235" box="[645,768,1038,1063]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Río Minas</collectingMunicipality>
, donde cruza la cooperativa 23 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7B3B3558FAF1A235" box="[1137,1302,1038,1063]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">de Noviembre</collectorName>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A0D2FEDCF0ED92E7A6E3559FF1DA259" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7A6E3559FAB8A235" box="[1316,1375,1038,1063]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
S de Naranjal
</locationDeviation>
, approx., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7E223564FE00A259" box="[360,487,1074,1099]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-2.6905556">02°41'26&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7EA43564FD9FA259" box="[494,632,1074,1099]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-79.63778">79°38'16&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7DEE3564FD1CA259" box="[676,763,1074,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Barriga</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7C4F3564FC05A258" box="[773,994,1074,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1992-09-22">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7C4F3564FC05A258" box="[773,994,1074,1099]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1992-09-22">22 September 1992</date>
</collectingDate>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7CA73565FB58A259" box="[1005,1215,1074,1099]" country="Ecuador" name="Los Rios" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
Los 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7B573564FB58A259" box="[1053,1215,1074,1099]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Ríos Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
, MEPN-9926, 8 ex. (7 Alc. 1 Dry skeleton), 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7EFE3500FD91A27C" box="[436,630,1110,1135]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.671" metricValueMax="2.058" metricValueMin="1.284" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="167.1" valueMax="205.8" valueMin="128.4">128.4–205.8 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7DFA3500FCB6A27D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7DFA3500FCB6A27D" box="[688,849,1110,1135]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.6905556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.63778" municipality="Rio Minas" name="Rio Catarama" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">Río Catarama</location>
, cerca de la poblacion Corona, approx
</materialsCitation>
. 01°37'23&quot;S 79°28'20&quot;W, R. Barriga, 
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7EFA352CFD9DA280" box="[432,634,1146,1171]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1997-02-15">15 February 1997</date>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7DCC352CFDCDA2A5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860361" collectingDate="1953-05" collectorName="Estrella" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.0344445" location="Rio Quevedo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.461945" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">
MEPN-10389, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7C3C352CFC0FA280" box="[886,1000,1146,1171]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.146" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="214.6">214.6 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7B54352CFB51A281" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7B54352CFB51A281" box="[1054,1206,1146,1171]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.0344445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.461945" name="Rio Quevedo" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">Río Quevedo</location>
, approx. 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7A57352CFA7BA280" box="[1309,1436,1146,1170]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-1.0344445">01°02'04&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7FDD35C9FEC6A2A5" box="[151,289,1183,1207]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-79.461945">79°27'43&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, C. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7E0535C8FE40A2A5" box="[335,423,1182,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Estrella</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7EFE35C9FDCDA2A5" box="[436,554,1182,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1953-05">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7EFE35C9FDCDA2A5" box="[436,554,1182,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1953-05">May 1953</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7D7C35C9FCF4A2C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860356" collectingDate="1986-06-23" collectorName="de Jujan &amp; Abril" country="Ecuador" location="Rio Jujan" longitude="-79.55167" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">
MEPN-17049, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7C6235C8FC6AA2A4" box="[808,909,1182,1207]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.06" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="60.6">60.6 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C8F35C8FBD4A2A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7C8F35C8FBD4A2A5" box="[965,1075,1182,1207]" country="Ecuador" longitude="-79.55167" name="Rio Jujan" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">Río Jujan</location>
, cerca de la población 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7A7235C8FA7FA2A5" box="[1336,1432,1182,1207]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">de Jujan</collectorName>
, approx. 01°53'04S 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7E383594FE1BA2C9" box="[370,508,1218,1243]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-79.55167">79°33'06&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, S. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7D603594FD8FA2C9" box="[554,616,1218,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Abril</collectorName>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7D3C3594FCF4A2C9" box="[630,787,1218,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1986-06-23">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7D3C3594FCF4A2C9" box="[630,787,1218,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1986-06-23">23 June 1986</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7C6B3594FA7FA2EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860358" collectingDate="1983-11" collectorName="Quevedo, G." country="Ecuador" location="rio Babahoyo" municipality="Rio Las Juntas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">
MEPN-17050, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7B523594FB99A2C8" box="[1048,1150,1218,1242]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.48" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="84.8">84.8 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7BF23594FAA1A2C8" box="[1208,1350,1218,1243]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Quevedo, G.</collectorName>
Onore, 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7FDD35B0FEB6A2ED" box="[151,337,1254,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1983-11">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7FDD35B0FEB6A2ED" box="[151,337,1254,1279]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1983-11">November 1983</date>
</collectingDate>
. MEPN-18151, 3 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7D1D35B1FCFFA2EC" box="[599,792,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0285" metricValueMax="2.134" metricValueMin="1.923" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="202.85" valueMax="213.4" valueMin="192.3">192.3–213.4 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDBACB5CF0ED92E7C1835B0FBE7A2EC" box="[850,1024,1254,1278]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Río Las Juntas</collectingMunicipality>
, afluente del 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7BD735B0FADEA2ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7BD735B0FADEA2ED" box="[1181,1337,1254,1279]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Rio Las Juntas" name="rio Babahoyo" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Los Rios Province">río Babahoyo</location>
, approx
</materialsCitation>
. 01°52'06&quot;S 79°22'43&quot;W, M. Olalla, 
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7D71345CFD16A331" box="[571,753,1290,1315]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1964-03-12">12 March 1964</date>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7DB5345CFA7FA355" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860362" collectingDate="1993-02-05" collectorName="Laguna de Poza Honda &amp; Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.0819445" location="Rio Portoviejo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-80.15445" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manabi Province">
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7DB5345CFC22A331" box="[767,965,1290,1315]" country="Ecuador" name="Manabi" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Manabí Province</collectingRegion>
, MEPN-9099, 1 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7B8B345CFAD0A330" box="[1217,1335,1290,1315]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3559999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="135.6">135.6 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7A3E345CFEE8A355" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7A3E345CFEE8A355" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.0819445" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-80.15445" name="Rio Portoviejo" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Manabi Province">Río Portoviejo</location>
, 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7E503479FDC6A355" box="[282,545,1326,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Laguna de Poza Honda</collectorName>
, parte inferior, approx., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7C653478FC48A355" box="[815,943,1326,1351]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-1.0819445">01°04'55&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7CFC3478FBA7A355" box="[950,1088,1326,1351]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-80.15445">80°09'16&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7B263478FB24A355" box="[1132,1219,1326,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Barriga</collectorName>
, 0 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7B973478FA7FA355" box="[1245,1432,1326,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1993-02-05">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7B973478FA7FA355" box="[1245,1432,1326,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1993-02-05">5 February 1993</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683C92CF0ED92E7FDD3404FCD3A39D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1562860364" collectingDate="1992-10-03" collectorName="Barriga" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.1058334" location="Rio Portoviejo" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-80.16139" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manabi Province">
MEPN-17952, 6 ex., 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7EDB3404FDA2A378" box="[401,581,1362,1387]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.201" metricValueMax="1.839" metricValueMin="0.563" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="120.1" valueMax="183.9" valueMin="56.3">56.3–183.9 mm</quantity>
SL, 
<location id="8EDF6014CF0ED92E7DC83404FCCAA379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987D9CF0ED92B7FDD330EFD84A776:8EDF6014CF0ED92E7DC83404FCCAA379" box="[642,813,1362,1387]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.1058334" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-80.16139" name="Rio Portoviejo" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" stateProvince="Manabi Province">Río Portoviejo</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0ED92E7C713404FC9FA379" box="[827,888,1362,1387]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
aguas abajo de la primera compuerta, approx., 
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7FDD3420FEF1A39D" box="[151,278,1398,1423]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-1.1058334">01°06'21&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE345008CF0ED92E7E573421FE40A39D" box="[285,423,1399,1423]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" precision="15" value="-80.16139">80°09'41&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. 
<collectorName id="26F55319CF0ED92E7E993420FDC0A39D" box="[467,551,1398,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Barriga</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7D643421FD8AA39C" box="[558,621,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">et al.,</emphasis>
0 
<collectingDate id="EFFAE9E7CF0ED92E7DC93421FCD3A39D" box="[643,820,1398,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1992-10-03">
<date id="FFBE100FCF0ED92E7DC93421FCD3A39D" box="[643,820,1398,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" value="1992-10-03">3 October 1992</date>
</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0ED92E7F8D34CDFCF2A12D" blockId="8.[151,1437,822,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7F8D34CDFE21A3A0" box="[199,454,1434,1458]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7F8D34CDFE21A3A0" box="[199,454,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognized among all species of 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7C1D34CDFB95A3A0" box="[855,1138,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7C1D34CDFC1CA3A0" box="[855,1019,1435,1458]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hemiancistrus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757A6CF0ED92E7B4834CDFB95A3A0" box="[1026,1138,1434,1458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, except for 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7BB334CDFA9EA3A0" box="[1273,1401,1434,1458]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7BB334CDFA9EA3A0" box="[1273,1401,1434,1458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its abdomen, which is completely covered by small bony plates, and has a peculiar color pattern, rounded dark spots (
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FAB34B5FF18A3E8" box="[225,255,1507,1530]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">vs.</emphasis>
abdomen naked with light spots or plain). According to the figures and redescription indicated by Fisch- Muller 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7FA13751FEC3A00C" box="[235,292,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">et al.</emphasis>
(2012), 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7ECC3751FE19A00C" box="[390,510,1542,1566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7ECC3751FE19A00C" box="[390,510,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized from 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7C503751FC7DA00C" box="[794,922,1542,1566]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7C503751FC7DA00C" box="[794,922,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by its dorsal fin when folded does not reach the origin of the adipose fin 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7E98377DFDFEA050" box="[466,537,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">versus</emphasis>
the dorsal fin folded reaches the origin of the adipose fin. Further recognized by its head shape, which is less deep, and by its supraoccipital without a keel. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7CB43719FB99A074" box="[1022,1150,1614,1638]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7CB43719FB99A074" box="[1022,1150,1614,1638]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the head is massive, and the supraoccipital has a keel. The eye is smaller in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7D9B3725FCAFA098" box="[721,840,1650,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7D9B3725FCAFA098" box="[721,840,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7CE93725FBC5A098" box="[931,1058,1650,1674]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7CE93725FBC5A098" box="[931,1058,1650,1674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 15%–16% HL 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7B933725FAC6A098" box="[1241,1313,1651,1674]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">versus</emphasis>
18%–27% HL, respectively. Finally, the number of cheek odontodes is smaller in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7C8E37C1FBDAA0BC" box="[964,1085,1686,1710]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7C8E37C1FBDAA0BC" box="[964,1085,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7BD737C1FAF8A0BC" box="[1181,1311,1686,1710]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7BD737C1FAF8A0BC" box="[1181,1311,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 10–20 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7A3737C1FA7BA0BC" box="[1405,1436,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">vs.</emphasis>
20–60. Some large specimens show highly developed, long and pointed odontodes, on distal and dorsal portion of pectoral spines. This condition, as in other cases, may occur in sexually active adult males. 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0ED92E7BD63789FA7CA0E4" box="[1180,1435,1758,1782]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7BD63789FA7CA0E4" box="[1180,1435,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an endemic species of the Pacific slope of 
<collectingCountry id="F317765FCF0ED92E7DD03654FD1EA109" box="[666,761,1794,1819]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and is found exclusively in aquatic systems of the 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F82DCF0ED92E7A023654FA7BA108" box="[1352,1436,1794,1818]" country="Ecuador" name="Guayas" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Guayas</collectingRegion>
River Basin and other water courses related to this basin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6544CF0ED92C7F8D361CFD37A79A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0ED92E7F8D361CFE6BA1E1" blockId="8.[151,1437,822,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0ED92E7F8D361CFE02A171" bold="true" box="[199,485,1866,1891]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Comparative osteology.</emphasis>
On the three species identified, we examined the bones that are related to the mobility of the opercular bone. The bones are the sphenotic, the compound pterotic (from now the pterotic), the hyomandibular and the opercular. The observed changes in the state or condition of each bone are related to the development of the musculature involved in the movement of the opercular and concomitant of the developed odontodes associated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0FD92F7F8D31C1FCCBA79A" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
The observed changes on the sphenotic occur on the posterior surface. Two conditions are perceived; in the first condition, the posterior region has an excavation or canal, extending from the middle of the bone to the ventral region of the bone; the area from the middle of the bone towards the dorsal region is massive (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7BE53189FB15A6EA" box="[1199,1266,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Posterior view of sphenotic. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, left, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data, right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583859/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). The second condition is an excavation or canal that runs along the entire posterior surface, from the dorsal to the ventral. This channel is open in the ventral region, but towards the dorsal border it may be totally or partially open (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7A523071FABCA752" box="[1304,1371,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,193,1074]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,193,1074]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Posterior view of sphenotic. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, left, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data, right." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583859/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). In 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7FDD301BFEC9A776" box="[151,302,333,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7FDD301BFEC9A776" box="[151,302,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the first condition is observed, while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7C51301BFC7FA776" box="[795,920,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7C51301BFC7FA776" box="[795,920,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7CB1301BFB90A776" box="[1019,1143,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7CB1301BFB90A776" box="[1019,1143,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the second condition is observed, the canal is almost occluded at the dorsal border.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F6647CF0FD92F7FDD3586FBA8A2F4" box="[151,1103,1232,1254]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583857/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" targetBox="[340,1247,445,1211]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0FD92F7FDD3586FBA8A2F4" blockId="9.[151,1103,1232,1254]" box="[151,1103,1232,1254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7FDD3586FEF5A2F7" bold="true" box="[151,274,1232,1254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Lateral and ventral view of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7D7B3587FCFFA2F4" box="[561,792,1232,1254]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7D7B3587FCFFA2F4" box="[561,792,1232,1254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, MEPN 17952, 135.4 mm SL.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0FD92F7F8D3445FDE1A03A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1299,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
The pterotic bone has on its anterior surface something similar to that indicated for the sphenotic. In the first condition we can observe the presence of a canal that is occluded or closed towards the dorsal region of the bone (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7FD5340DFF04A366" box="[159,227,1371,1396]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Frontal view of right pterotic. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A). In the second condition the canal runs all or nearly all of the entire anterior surface of the pterotic bone (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7FD53429FF05A38A" box="[159,226,1407,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Frontal view of right pterotic. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). By articulating the sphenotic and pterotic bones, the canal partially becomes a tunnel. The tunnel may be closed or open dorsally. In 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7E8C34F2FDB8A3A9" box="[454,607,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7E8C34F2FDBCA3A9" box="[454,603,1444,1467]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">H. annectens</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the first condition is observed, the pterotic canal is occluded or the tunnel is closed. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7E64349EFE4EA3CD" box="[302,425,1479,1503]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7E64349EFE4EA3CD" box="[302,425,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7D4D349EFD66A3F2" box="[519,641,1480,1504]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7D4D349EFD66A3F2" box="[519,641,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the second condition is observed, here the channel and tunnel runs almost all the anterior surface of the pterotic and the posterior surface of the sphenotic. In this case the tunnel closes towards the dorsal region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0FD92F7F8D3762FCDCA0CE" blockId="9.[151,1436,1299,2008]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
On the ventral and anterior border of the pterotic there is a fossa and a process (anterior process of the pteroticsupracleitrum according to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0FD92F7E833701FD69A062" author="Armbruster" box="[457,654,1623,1648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" refString="Armbruster, J. W. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 141 (1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Again, two conditions related to this region are observed. In the first condition, the fossa and the process are slightly developed (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7C2E372DFC4BA086" box="[868,940,1659,1684]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Frontal view of right pterotic. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A). In the second, there is an appreciable development of the fossa and the process (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7DCB37C9FD21A0AA" box="[641,710,1695,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1604,1626]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,1198,1583]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Frontal view of right pterotic. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B). In 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7C5B37F6FC4BA0A5" box="[785,940,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7C5B37F6FC4EA0A5" box="[785,937,1696,1719]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">H. annectens</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the first condition is observed, while in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7ACB37F6FF0BA0C9" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7ACB37F6FF0BA0C9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7E753792FE50A0C9" box="[319,439,1731,1755]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7E753792FE50A0C9" box="[319,439,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the second condition is observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0FD92C7F8D37BEFF0EA70E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1299,2008]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="231" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
On the analyzed species, the opercular bone presents two different forms (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7B5537B1FB82A112" box="[1055,1125,1767,1792]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[356,1233,1453,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[356,1233,1453,1965]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. External lateral view of right opercular. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583861/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). In the first condition, the general shape or contour of the bone is almost triangular, similar to that described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0FD92F7BFE365DFA89A136" author="Schaefer" box="[1204,1390,1803,1828]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" refString="Schaefer, S. A. (1987) Osteology of Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus), with a phylogenetic analysis of the loricariid subfamilies (Pisces: Siluroidei). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 394, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1987">Schaefer (1987)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7FDD3666FE51A155" box="[151,438,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plecostomus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7FDD3666FE51A155" box="[151,438,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus plecostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7EBF3679FD15A155" box="[501,754,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Cochlidon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cochliodon">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7EBF3679FD15A155" box="[501,754,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Cochlidon cochliodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0FD92F7C653679FBE1A15A" author="Armbruster" box="[815,1030,1839,1864]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" refString="Armbruster, J. W. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 141 (1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster (2004)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7B763666FA7CA155" box="[1084,1435,1839,1863]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maracaiboensis">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7B763666FA7CA155" box="[1084,1435,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Hemiancistrus maracaiboensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7F8D3602FE5DA179" box="[199,442,1875,1899]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taphorni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7F8D3602FE5DA179" box="[199,442,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Hypostomus taphorni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(condition 0). In the second condition, the opercular has the contour of the opercular in the form of a paddle with a posterior dorsal projection, similar to that described by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0FD92F7B073621FAE6A182" author="Schaefer" box="[1101,1281,1911,1936]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" refString="Schaefer, S. A. (1987) Osteology of Hypostomus plecostomus (Linnaeus), with a phylogenetic analysis of the loricariid subfamilies (Pisces: Siluroidei). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 394, 1 - 31." type="journal article" year="1987">Schaefer (1987)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7A783621FF0DA1A1" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Peckoltia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niveata">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7A783621FF0DA1A1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Peckoltia niveata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0FD92F7E1836CDFDCEA1A6" author="Armbruster" box="[338,553,1947,1972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" refString="Armbruster, J. W. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 141 (1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster (2004)</bibRefCitation>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7D2836CDFD2BA1A1" box="[610,716,1947,1971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Peckoltia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7D2836CDFD2BA1A1" box="[610,716,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Peckoltia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (Condition 1, Type- 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7CA036CDFBB3A1A1" box="[1002,1108,1947,1971]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Peckoltia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7CA036CDFBB3A1A1" box="[1002,1108,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Peckoltia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The first condition of the opercular is present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7EDE3696FDC1A1C5" box="[404,550,1984,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7EDE3696FDC1A1C5" box="[404,550,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0FD92F7D7F36E9FD90A1CA" box="[565,631,1983,2008]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[356,1233,1453,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[356,1233,1453,1965]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. External lateral view of right opercular. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583861/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
A), while the second condition is observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7B3D3696FB09A1C5" box="[1143,1262,1983,2007]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7B3D3696FB09A1C5" box="[1143,1262,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0FD92F7A6E3696FA7CA1CA" box="[1316,1435,1984,2008]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0FD92F7A6E3696FA7CA1CA" box="[1316,1435,1984,2008]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0CD92C7FD531C1FF03A6A2" box="[159,228,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[356,1233,1453,1965]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[356,1233,1453,1965]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. External lateral view of right opercular. A) Hypostomus annectens, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) Hemiancistrus landoni, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583861/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
B). The changes in opercular shape can be related to the increase in its rotational capacity at the point of support (condyle of articulation with the hyomandibular) and its properties as a lever. The conditions or states observed could be used to include the species under study into the Hypostomini or 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7B103189FB2DA6EA" box="[1114,1226,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ancistrini">Ancistrini</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7B9931B7FAF6A6EA" box="[1235,1297,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0CD92C7A513189FF02A70E" author="Armbruster" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" refString="Armbruster, J. W. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 141 (1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster (2004)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0CD92C7F8D3071FD37A79A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
The changes noted in the three bones are linked to increased development (increased diameter or muscle thickness) and increased surfaces of origin and insertion of the 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7C1E301AFBE2A776" box="[852,1029,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">levator operculi</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7B71301AFB0EA776" box="[1083,1257,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">dilator operculi</emphasis>
muscles, which was evidenced during the preparation of skeletons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6544CF0CD92C7F8D30C2FD31A507" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0CD92C7F8D30C2FD31A507" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7F8D30C2FEABA7BF" bold="true" box="[199,332,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Discussion.</emphasis>
The status of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7D3430C3FCC6A7BE" box="[638,801,405,428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7D3430C3FCC6A7BE" box="[638,801,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Hemiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still controversial. The loss of the 
<typeStatus id="54BB886DCF0CD92C7BA430C2FAB7A7BF" box="[1262,1360,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7ACB30C3FF13A7C2" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7ACB30C3FF13A7C2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the way 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0CD92C7EC530EEFDFEA7C2" author="Kner" box="[399,537,439,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" refString="Kner, R. (1854) Die Hypostomiden. Zweite Hauptgruppe der Familie der Panzerfische. (Loricata vel Goniodontes). Denkschriften der Mathematisch- Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 7, 251 - 286, pls. 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1854">Kner (1854)</bibRefCitation>
presented the original description, generated doubts and discrepancies about the correct identity of this species. Fisch-Muller 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7DDC308BFD37A7E6" box="[662,720,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
(2012) established the taxonomic status and the identity of the 
<typeStatus id="54BB886DCF0CD92C7FDD3356FF20A40A" box="[151,199,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">type</typeStatus>
species, in spite of the descriptions provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0CD92C7DA230A9FC72A40A" author="Gunther" box="[744,917,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" refString="Gunther, A. (1864) Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Fol. 5. Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees, London, xxii + 455 pp." type="book" year="1864">Günther (1864)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0CD92C7C863356FB8FA40A" author="Regan" box="[972,1128,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" refString="Regan, C. T. (1904) A monograph of the fishes of the family Loricariidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 17 (3), 191 - 350, pls. 9 - 21." type="journal article" year="1904">Regan (1904)</bibRefCitation>
. We do not have specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7FFE3373FED4A42E" box="[180,307,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7FFE3373FED4A42E" box="[180,307,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, as indicated by Fisch-Muller 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7DB93373FCCDA42E" box="[755,810,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
(2012) and Armbruster 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7B7D3373FB89A42E" box="[1079,1134,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
(2015), 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7B873373FAACA42E" box="[1229,1355,548,572]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7B873373FAACA42E" box="[1229,1355,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7ACB3373FF0BA472" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7ACB3373FF0BA472" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share some external morphological characteristics not observed in the other species included in 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7FDD333BFE50A496" box="[151,439,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7FDD333BFEDDA496" box="[151,314,621,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hemiancistrus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757A6CF0CD92C7E09333BFE50A496" box="[323,439,620,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, such as the presence of keels in the lateral plates of the body and a similar coloration pattern. The way the abdomen is covered appears to have some difference between 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7B7733C7FB5BA4BA" box="[1085,1212,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7B7733C7FB5BA4BA" box="[1085,1212,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7BB933C7FA8DA4BA" box="[1267,1386,656,680]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7BB933C7FA8DA4BA" box="[1267,1386,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but none of the other species included in the group has such an extended abdominal covering. According with Armbruster 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7E6A338FFEBEA4E2" box="[288,345,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">et al.</emphasis>
(2015) only 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7EA7338FFD8AA4E2" box="[493,621,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medians">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7EA7338FFD8AA4E2" box="[493,621,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. medians</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7CC3338EFBCBA4FD" box="[905,1068,728,751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7CC3338EFBCBA4FD" box="[905,1068,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Hemiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, the generic status of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7FDD33ABFEE9A506" box="[151,270,764,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7FDD33ABFEE9A506" box="[151,270,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the other species remains uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7F6647CF0CD92C7FDD3666FCE5A176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583858/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" targetBox="[340,1247,841,1818]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0CD92C7FDD3666FCE5A176" blockId="10.[151,1436,1840,1892]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7FDD3666FEF1A157" bold="true" box="[151,278,1840,1862]" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Geographical distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7D1A3667FCDBA154" box="[592,828,1841,1862]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7D1A3667FCDBA154" box="[592,828,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Hypostomus annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circle), 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7CD53667FB6DA154" box="[927,1162,1840,1862]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7CD53667FB6DA154" box="[927,1162,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Hemiancistrus furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(star), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0CD92C7A423667FF03A176" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="231" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0CD92C7A423667FF03A176" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="231">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangle). Symbols may represent more than one lot.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7F6647CF0DD92D7FDD351EFCEEA26E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583859/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" targetBox="[340,1247,193,1074]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0DD92D7FDD351EFCEEA26E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1096,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7FDD351EFEF2A24F" bold="true" box="[151,277,1096,1118]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Posterior view of sphenotic. A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7D26351FFCB1A24C" box="[620,854,1097,1118]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7D26351FFCB1A24C" box="[620,854,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Hypostomus annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, left, and B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7A42351FFF03A26E" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7A42351FFF03A26E" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data, right.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7F6647CF0DD92D7FDD3712FD2AA06B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583860/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" targetBox="[340,1247,1198,1583]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0DD92D7FDD3712FD2AA06B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1604,1657]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7FDD3712FEF0A048" bold="true" box="[151,279,1604,1626]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Frontal view of right pterotic. A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7DC63713FC9EA048" box="[652,889,1605,1626]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7DC63713FC9EA048" box="[652,889,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Hypostomus annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7A423713FF03A06B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7A423713FF03A06B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31A6544CF0DD92B7F8D37F1FD84A776" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0DD92A7F8D37F1FD6AA592" blockId="11.[151,1436,1701,2014]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7F8D37F1FE21A0AC" box="[199,454,1702,1726]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7F8D37F1FE21A0AC" box="[199,454,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Hemiancistrus furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented at the MEPN by seven specimens in five cataloged lots. Only four are in good conditions, and/or with an appreciable standard length. Comparisons with original descriptions of the geographically nearest species were made carefully, and the external characters observed on 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7BEC37B9FAF9A114" box="[1190,1310,1774,1798]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7BEC37B9FAF9A114" box="[1190,1310,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows that it is a new species. The belly is totally naked, the dorsal and caudal fins have a distinctive color pattern, and the small movable cheek odontodes differ from that of other Pacific Coast species described or placed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7FDD360CFEDDA163" ID-CoL="62VGZ" box="[151,314,1882,1905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7FDD360CFEDDA163" box="[151,314,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">Hemiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In spite of this, the body color pattern observed on our specimens is very close with that reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0DD92D7FDD362BFE89A184" author="Eigenmann" box="[151,366,1917,1942]" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1916) New and rare fishes from South American rivers. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 10 (1 - 2), 77 - 86, pls. 13 - 16." type="journal article" year="1916">Eigenmann (1916)</bibRefCitation>
in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7D943629FCBCA184" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[734,859,1918,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7D943629FCBCA184" box="[734,859,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He pointed out that the body has four oblique transverse saddles, the first behind the eyes, the second at the end of the dorsal fin, the third at the level of adipose fin, and the fourth at the caudal-fin origin. On our specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0DD92D7C393691FC0CA1CC" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[883,1003,1990,2014]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0DD92D7C393691FC0CA1CC" box="[883,1003,1990,2014]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="232">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the presence of saddles is variable in that some are very evident while in others they are very faint or no traces are observed (
<figureCitation id="133B2A4ACF0AD92A7B3B31C1FB51A6A2" box="[1137,1206,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,193,1677]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Partial lateral view of A) Hemiancistrus furtivus, MEPN 18411, 99.8 mm SL, and B) H. landoni, MEPN 17952, 78.9 mm SL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583855/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Two more species, were originally described from the Pacific versant of 
<collectingCountry id="F317765FCF0AD92A7C4431EAFC8AA6C7" box="[782,877,188,213]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7C3631EBFB0FA6C6" ID-CoL="6LNNZ" authority="Rendahl 1937" authorityName="Rendahl" authorityYear="1937" box="[892,1256,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hammarlundi">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7C3631EBFBDEA6C6" box="[892,1081,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. hammarlundi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7B0E31EAFB0FA6C6" author="Rendahl" box="[1092,1256,188,213]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Rendahl, H. (1937) Einige Fische aus Ecuador und Bolivia. Arkiv for Zoologi, 29 (3), A (11), 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1937">Rendahl 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7A6131EBFE86A6EA" ID-CoL="6LNP7" authority="Ovchynnyk 1971" authorityName="Ovchynnyk" authorityYear="1971" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fugleri">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7A6131EBFA7BA6C6" box="[1323,1436,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. fugleri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7FDD3189FE86A6EA" author="Ovchynnyk" box="[151,353,223,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Ovchynnyk, M. M. (1971) Unrecorded and new species of fishes from fresh waters of Ecuador. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 187 (1 - 2), 82 - 122." type="journal article" year="1971">Ovchynnyk 1971</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. We agree with they are synonymous with 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7C2731B7FC0CA6EA" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[877,1003,224,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7C2731B7FC0CA6EA" box="[877,1003,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7B6631B7FB23A6EA" ID-CoL="3NZ63" box="[1068,1220,225,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7B6631B7FB23A6EA" box="[1068,1220,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. The original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7EDD3053FDB6A70E" ID-CoL="6LNNZ" box="[407,593,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hammarlundi">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7EDD3053FDB6A70E" box="[407,593,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. hammarlundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was made on a unique specimen of 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0AD92A7CA33052FBA9A70E" box="[1001,1102,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.04" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="70.4">70.4 mm</quantity>
SL (Armbruster per. comm.). This specimen has small patches of granular plates on belly, and 20 movable odontodes developed in the cheek area. This is clearly different to that observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7DF4301BFCD0A776" box="[702,823,332,356]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7DF4301BFCD0A776" box="[702,823,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On the other hand, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7B6A301AFB12A776" author="Ovchynnyk" box="[1056,1269,332,357]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Ovchynnyk, M. M. (1971) Unrecorded and new species of fishes from fresh waters of Ecuador. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 187 (1 - 2), 82 - 122." type="journal article" year="1971">Ovchynnyk (1971)</bibRefCitation>
in the original description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E723027FE42A79A" ID-CoL="6LNP7" box="[312,421,368,392]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fugleri">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E723027FE42A79A" box="[312,421,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. fugleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, points out that the folded dorsal fin reaches or is very close to adipose-fin origin, and that the belly has small patches of granular plates. The specimen used was 
<quantity id="4CF89B2ACF0AD92A7CFE30C2FBE3A7BE" box="[948,1028,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 mm</quantity>
SL. Only the examined juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7FDD30EFFECCA7C2" ID-CoL="3NZ63" box="[151,299,441,464]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7FDD30EFFECCA7C2" box="[151,299,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
show that the folded dorsal fin reaches the adipose-fin origin, and they also have small patches of granular plates on belly. The first character is useful to distinguish juveniles from 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7B77308BFB51A7E6" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[1085,1206,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7B77308BFB51A7E6" box="[1085,1206,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7BBA308BFA8FA7E6" box="[1264,1384,476,500]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7BBA308BFA8FA7E6" box="[1264,1384,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the character changes with size; in large specimens of the three species, the folded dorsal fin does not reach the adipose-fin origin. Also, the figures provided by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7D993372FC4CA42E" author="Ovchynnyk" box="[723,939,548,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Ovchynnyk, M. M. (1971) Unrecorded and new species of fishes from fresh waters of Ecuador. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 187 (1 - 2), 82 - 122." type="journal article" year="1971">Ovchynnyk (1971)</bibRefCitation>
show a color pattern of the body and fins similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E46331FFE47A472" ID-CoL="3NZ63" box="[268,416,585,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E46331FFE47A472" box="[268,416,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and different to that observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7C62331FFC45A472" box="[808,930,584,608]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7C62331FFC45A472" box="[808,930,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, there are no developed cheek odontodes in 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E79333BFE44A496" ID-CoL="6LNP7" box="[307,419,620,644]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fugleri">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E79333BFE44A496" box="[307,419,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. fugleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These results support the synonymy proposed by Armbruster 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7B30333BFB52A496" box="[1146,1205,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
(2015) between the species previously described from 
<collectingCountry id="F317765FCF0AD92A7D6B33D9FD67A4BA" box="[545,640,655,680]" name="Ecuador" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and confirms the presence of the new species. The completely naked abdomen, the dark rounded dots on it, and the small movable cheek odontodes distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7BCF33E3FB1BA4DE" box="[1157,1276,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7BCF33E3FB1BA4DE" box="[1157,1276,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other species included in 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E3B338EFD6CA4E2" box="[369,651,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E3B338EFDF3A4FD" ID-CoL="62VGZ" box="[369,532,728,751]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hemiancistrus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757A6CF0AD92A7D51338FFD6CA4E2" box="[539,651,728,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(Armbruster 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7C68338FFCBDA4E2" box="[802,858,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
2015). Finally, Armbruster 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7BDB338FFB2FA4E2" box="[1169,1224,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
(2015) established at least three groups within 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E9533ABFCE6A506" box="[479,769,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E9533ABFD64A506" ID-CoL="62VGZ" box="[479,643,765,788]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hemiancistrus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757A6CF0AD92A7DC633ABFCE6A506" box="[652,769,764,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. The groupings are based on morphological similarity of species. The species 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E343277FE12A52A" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[382,501,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E343277FE12A52A" box="[382,501,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7D603277FD46A52A" box="[554,673,800,824]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7D603277FD46A52A" box="[554,673,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar in overall body shape and the color pattern, but the cover of the abdomen and the degree development of mobile cheek odontodes are different. Despite these facts both species are included in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7E8F323FFDDBA592" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[453,572,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7E8F323FFDDBA592" box="[453,572,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0AD92A7F8D32DBFF1CA36A" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7F8D32DBFE05A5B6" ID-CoL="3KL9V" box="[199,482,909,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7F8D32DBFE05A5B6" box="[199,482,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hemiancistrus annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7EBB32DBFBC6A5B6" box="[497,1057,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7EBB32DBFD71A5B6" box="[497,662,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspidolepis">H. aspidolepis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7DE832DBFC9EA5B6" ID-CoL="6LNQ5" box="[674,889,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maracaiboensis">H. maracaiboensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7CCF32DBFBC6A5B6" ID-CoL="6LNNV" box="[901,1057,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holostictus">H. holostictus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7B1032DBFB29A5B6" ID-CoL="3NZC6" box="[1114,1230,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wilsoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7B1032DBFB29A5B6" box="[1114,1230,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. wilsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inhabit the trans- Andean region, Panamá, Maracaibo lake basin, the rivers Magdalena, Cauca, Atrato, San Juan (Colombia), and Santiago (Ecuador). When comparing the original descriptions of all species, and specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7B9A3283FA84A5FE" ID-CoL="3KL9V" box="[1232,1379,981,1004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7B9A3283FA84A5FE" box="[1232,1379,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is evident that the external morphology, the meristic and morphometric data, and the color pattern are similar. This fact was previously detected by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7D47354AFD5FA226" author="Schultz" box="[525,696,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Schultz, L. P. (1944) The catfishes of Venezuela, with descriptions of thirty-eight new forms. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 94 (3172), 173 - 338, pls. 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1944">Schultz (1944)</bibRefCitation>
, and mentioned by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7CD5354BFBDCA226" author="Regan" box="[927,1083,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Regan, C. T. (1913) The fishes of the San Juan River, Colombia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 12 (71), 462 - 473." type="journal article" year="1913">Regan (1913)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7B3D354AFAA8A226" author="Eigenmann" box="[1143,1359,1052,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Eigenmann, C. H. (1918) Eighteen new species of fishes from northwestern South America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 56 (7), 673 - 689." type="journal article" year="1918">Eigenmann (1918)</bibRefCitation>
. Some morphometric differences can be related with the size, the fixation and preservations conditions of the type specimens. At this moment, we do not have specimens of the other species on hand, and we are unable to offer diagnostics characters to recognize each species. A study to establish the status of each species is necessary, using direct comparison of fresh and well preserved specimens from each basin. In the meantime, the use of the names proposed to each basin is suggested. Recently, Armbruster 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7C653587FC8FA2FA" box="[815,872,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">et al.</emphasis>
(2015) reassign to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7BFF3587FAD8A2FA" ID-CoL="52WZ" box="[1205,1343,1233,1256]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7BFF3587FAD8A2FA" box="[1205,1343,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hypostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the five species, as a consequence of the results obtained on phylogenetic analyses. The external morphology of the five trans-Andean species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7EE1344FFDD1A322" ID-CoL="52WZ" box="[427,566,1305,1328]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7EE1344FFDD1A322" box="[427,566,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hypostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to indicate that they do not belong in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7BD4344EFAA6A33D" ID-CoL="62VGZ" box="[1182,1345,1304,1327]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7BD4344EFAA6A33D" box="[1182,1345,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hemiancistrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or even to the 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7F94346AFEA9A347" box="[222,334,1340,1365]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ancistrini">Ancistrini</taxonomicName>
group, as pointed in morphological and molecular phylogenies (
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7B6C346AFB0BA346" author="Armbruster" box="[1062,1260,1340,1365]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Armbruster, J. W. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Loricariidae) with emphasis on the Hypostominae and Ancistrinae. Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, 141 (1), 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Armbruster 2004</bibRefCitation>
, 2008; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B3ECF0AD92A7A75346AFF08A36A" author="Lujan" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" refString="Lujan, N. K., Armbruster, J. W., Lovejoy, N. &amp; Lopez-Fernandez, H. (2015) Multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a focus on subfamily Hypostominae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 269 - 288." type="journal article" year="2015">Lujan et al 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7F6647CF0AD92A7FDD36EEFC80A1FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583861/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" targetBox="[356,1233,1453,1965]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0AD92A7FDD36EEFC80A1FF" blockId="12.[151,1436,1976,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7FDD36EEFEFDA1DF" bold="true" box="[151,282,1976,1998]" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
External lateral view of right opercular. A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7C5A36EFFBE7A1DC" ID-CoL="3NZ63" box="[784,1024,1977,1998]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7C5A36EFFBE7A1DC" box="[784,1024,1977,1998]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hypostomus annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen of 190.0 mm SL, and B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0AD92A7FDD368EFE99A1FF" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[151,382,2007,2029]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="233" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0AD92A7FDD368EFE99A1FF" box="[151,382,2007,2029]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="233">Hemiancistrus landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, specimen of about 210.0 mm SL, without data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBF36CFCF0BD92B7F8D31C1FD84A776" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
The comparative analysis of the bones related to the movement of the opercular, support the placement of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7ACB31CFFEE0A6C6" ID-CoL="3NZ63" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0BD92B7ACB31CFFEE0A6C6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Hypostomini and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7D6631EBFD41A6C6" ID-CoL="6LNNX" box="[556,678,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="landoni">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0BD92B7D6631EBFD41A6C6" box="[556,678,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">H. landoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7DA931EBFCBAA6C6" box="[739,861,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furtivus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0BD92B7DA931EBFCBAA6C6" box="[739,861,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">H. furtivus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7CFE31EAFBC0A6C7" box="[948,1063,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Ancistrini">Ancistrini</taxonomicName>
. In order to establish the proper generic allocation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7EC531B7FDC2A6EA" ID-CoL="3NZ63" box="[399,549,225,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annectens">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0BD92B7EC531B7FDC2A6EA" box="[399,549,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">H. annectens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a project is being carried out which includes a comparative analysis of the indicated bones, between this species and species traditionally included in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7B1B3053FB3CA70E" ID-CoL="52WZ" box="[1105,1243,261,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hypostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0BD92B7B1B3053FB3CA70E" box="[1105,1243,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Hypostomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In an analogous way, it is hoped to be able to compare osteologically the species included in the genus 
<emphasis id="B974EADDCF0BD92B7B2E307EFA98A752" box="[1124,1407,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D4CCF0BD92B7B2E307EFAE0A72D" ID-CoL="62VGZ" box="[1124,1287,296,319]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Loricariidae" genus="Hemiancistrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Hemiancistrus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24757A6CF0BD92B7A44307FFA98A752" box="[1294,1407,296,320]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
to indicate its appropriate taxonomic status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>