301 lines
44 KiB
XML
301 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="158E37FB9F835A1666338B8CF5CFB2F9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10792055" ID-ZooBank="88353CBA-6C4D-40E3-8475-B1FCA2C48637" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1709795503569" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Holzmann, Maria, Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés, Lim, Swee-Cheng & Pawlowski, Jan" docDate="2024" docId="03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5419.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5419 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Stannophyllum granularium Tendal 1972" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="FF90FFD97B43AF636653407FFF99D97C" masterDocTitle="New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific)" masterLastPageNumber="188" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="180" updateTime="1710250611128" updateUser="valdenar" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="76BE9C6F2057D2AB7C26D4C0B7957031" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="D6280CFE3423F7A7C6D8672EE0AEE28A">
|
||
<mods:title id="082265C879ADBBDDC024BB5E2F39168A">New xenophyophores (Foraminifera, Monothalamea) from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (equatorial Pacific)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="231C0AD3E20B825B4D8AC8472E5DC1BB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C96BA19C2DEC2A8CA87320291A3F2ED4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E9007CE3F1B7B168E66C2251890DA6A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2DD1E54EA00EE4F428553BF67FD03B8F">Holzmann, Maria</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="79E962C5BA8B6261B18B7FB3FDF90CAA" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2460-6210</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="546C0B97B0CDFA886A859054B6DEECAD">Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6710A7C52618A3A29C75F8E7A48AD85C" type="email">olzmann@unige.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CFC328174E2E526F05DB915E5BA9CF21" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="429389BFD225702DC2287C2D8C736FEC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B601C0BD364D2609E0D09E9DE8C33399">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="9A5EAC4B0A806201F27032DCBBE23D6D">Barrenechea-Angeles, Inés</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="6AD469F946694C5244EC37F8DC9A8174">Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Geneva, Switzerland. & Department of Geosciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Dramsvegen 201, 9037 TromsØ, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BD3995431390DFDF01A1114046A36FC0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D3E422CEEF427B48E3139BC794836AE7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1AF68F987EAA8B85C1B85E0BC7580F31">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E8FC0DB4A7A7E441C9BB3AE8464FB757">Lim, Swee-Cheng</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="50C4317E812EF55DC5E43E62C3A3BACC">Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore. & Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D0CB63477659D0338DFFAFF7C16198E7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="32A902EA8763DAA351699375C466A369">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="FB52BBD5EC2C20F1289E2690E042C23C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="631F01667C1C72FB12F2B6AF2AF99963">Pawlowski, Jan</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="EAEE0CB82768DC5D47D55FABD3C7B172">Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 81 - 712 Sopot, Poland. & ID-Gene Ecodiagnostics, Chemin du Pont-du-Centenaire 109, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="49D0FE357E1D927A8D3FE17C0C6E420D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9D0DF689B973268C172AC009B0AAE545" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7A7F13D1FC45A5284E3E4D9F9BCFC9D1">
|
||
<mods:title id="C384412287BD4FE1BE0B15B7E8B5F173">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="DD0EAFB9717FC8F2557D5B1EEC6CA810">
|
||
<mods:date id="3F88A27A00F4DC1A165D01A1986BA74A">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="27A6ED9139738B144B0F48C4152349A5" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="8F4B2D4F3F73A7525BEB323ED233C773">2024-03-06</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7C11409E36FC0DEF67CA4C2FFDACB72D" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1F4004A9F2008DF3D5B8DC4E500DF1E6">5419</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3922A88C45629C5E2FE716815EF68BF8" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="B001312D23C33CA2BA381EAB34C3C920">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="5156EE8FAD5DEF7561151292BF75D2B1" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="41D9B5473C8D0D1FCF683E2EC5A97D80">151</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B78DA7D716D1ABBBB4DDE9C774859CBB">188</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="36F13D27D256150E87CEE6AB45D435DC">
|
||
<mods:url id="B2EAFA54B05BDAD558791C72F1C16944">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="9D210790250BCBC69D60DDFF5BDF0A53">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2AD660D2859566A33B05BACCEF72B102" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5419.2.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D06BE4805D97EC056B46D62CAB328642" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3C2BEB693D2CDAD6931B8B7E30EC2BB4" type="Zenodo-Dep">10792055</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E70F66A6E935769C87854B9789C6E67D" type="ZooBank">88353CBA-6C4D-40E3-8475-B1FCA2C48637</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A987A17B5EAF4366C446B9FCCFDCE1" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A653C7B5EAF7E66C446B9FD53DF9C" box="[151,714,1734,1761]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5EAF7E66C446B9FD53DF9C" blockId="29.[151,714,1734,1797]" box="[151,714,1734,1761]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<heading id="D0F781DB7B5EAF7E66C446B9FD53DF9C" bold="true" box="[151,714,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B5EAF7E66C446B9FD53DF9C" ID-CoL="6ZGLS" authority="Tendal, 1972" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[151,714,1734,1761]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5EAF7E66C446B9FD53DF9C" bold="true" box="[151,714,1734,1761]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5EAF7E66C446B9FEC8DF9D" bold="true" box="[151,337,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Stannophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5EAF7E67DA46B9FDBDDF9D" bold="true" box="[393,548,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">granularium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B5EAF7E647846B8FD53DF9C" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[555,714,1734,1761]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A653C7B5EAF7E66C44694FE8DDE79" box="[151,276,1770,1797]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5EAF7E66C44694FE8DDE79" blockId="29.[151,714,1734,1797]" box="[151,276,1770,1797]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5EAF7E66C44694FF75DE79" box="[151,236,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-214@30.[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stanophyllum aff. granulatum; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Figs 14</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5EAF7E66AB4695FE8DDE79" box="[248,276,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">15</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A653C7B5EAF4366C4474DFD71DBD5" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5EAF7E66C4474DFD27DE0D" blockId="29.[151,1436,1842,2013]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5EAF7E66C4474DFEE3DE30" bold="true" box="[151,378,1842,1868]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
. Box core 10, specimen RC0489 (morphology and genetics). Box core 15, specimen RC0608 (morphology). Sequenced isolates: 21445, 21446
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5EAF7E66944705FEFDDEE8" blockId="29.[151,1436,1842,2013]" box="[199,356,1914,1940]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5EAF7E66944705FEC5DEE8" bold="true" box="[199,348,1914,1940]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Descriptions</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5EAF7E669447E1FE24DEC4" blockId="29.[151,1436,1842,2013]" box="[199,445,1950,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5EAF7E669447E1FE24DEC4" bold="true" box="[199,445,1950,1976]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">RC0489 (sequenced)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5EAF7E669447BCFA05DEA1" blockId="29.[151,1436,1842,2013]" box="[199,1436,1986,2013]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
|
||
The test is flexible, attached to a nodule in shipboard photographs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5EAF7E65E147BCFBA0DEA1" box="[946,1081,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-214@30.[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stanophyllum aff. granulatum; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Fig. 14A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B5EAF7E628147BDFAAFDEA1" box="[1234,1334,1986,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5DAF7D66C440E9FDCDD985" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B5DAF7D66C440E9FF60D9CD" box="[151,249,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide. The overall shape is roughly and asymmetrically ovate, with one side more or less straight, the other side broadly curved, and the end gently rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5DAF7D649C40C4FCAFD9A9" box="[719,822,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Fig. 15B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is no distinct stalk, but the attached margin is relatively short, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B5DAF7D67C040A0FE70D985" box="[403,489,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5DAF7D6694417CFEECDB41" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
|
||
The preserved specimen is 730–870 µm thick. The surface is rather uneven and fairly dark greyish brown when viewed in natural light. There is a lighter peripheral fringe that is only obvious in laboratory photographs of the fixed specimen, where it is best developed around the distal end of the test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5DAF7D62064134FB78D819" box="[1109,1249,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-214@30.[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stanophyllum aff. granulatum; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Fig. 14D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some areas, notably near the upper margin, the wall is composed of radiolarian shells with sponge spicule fragments also visible, leaving substantial gaps between these particles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5DAF7D64EC41ECFCBCD8D1" box="[703,805,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-214@30.[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stanophyllum aff. granulatum; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Fig. 14E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Elsewhere, the gaps are largely filled in by much finer material. A few larger agglutinated foraminifera are also incorporated into the structure. The wall is pervaded and held together by a meshwork of fine proteinaceous fibres (linellae). Gaps in the surface are criss-crossed by linellae, through which dark grey stercomare masses are visible. The linellae are particularly well-developed and obvious in the peripheral zone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7F663F7B5DAF7D66C4473AFB21DED9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" startId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" targetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5DAF7D66C4473AFB21DED9" blockId="30.[151,1436,1861,1957]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5DAF7D66C4473AFE86DE21" bold="true" box="[151,287,1861,1885]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B5DAF7D6776473AFDCDDE21" box="[293,596,1861,1885]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stanophyllum" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5DAF7D6776473AFE29DE21" box="[293,432,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Stanophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5DAF7D678D473AFDCDDE21" box="[478,596,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">granulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7F663F7B5CAF7C66C44652FADFDFF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" startId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5CAF7C66C44652FADFDFF1" blockId="31.[151,1436,1581,1678]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5CAF7C66C44652FE84DF39" bold="true" box="[151,285,1581,1605]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B5CAF7C67714652FDD4DF39" box="[290,589,1581,1605]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stanophyllum" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granulatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5CAF7C67714652FE34DF39" box="[290,429,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Stanophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5CAF7C67844652FDD4DF39" box="[471,589,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">granulatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B, D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5CAF7C6507462DFCF5DF15" box="[852,876,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5CAF7C669446AAFC00DEDF" blockId="31.[151,1437,1749,2027]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
|
||
The test interior was not examined, but the darker appearance of the test away from the lighter peripheral zone clearly results from the presence of stercomare masses. A row of eight more or less straight, slightly radiating granellare strands were visible at the distal end of the test, immediately inside the peripheral zone, before most were removed for genetic analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5CAF7C67B6473EFDF2DE27" box="[485,619,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-214@30.[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stanophyllum aff. granulatum; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Fig. 14D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). One of the strands branched once, but the others were unbranched. They were 88–117 µm wide, in some cases expanding to ~145–175 µm at their outer end. The granellare strands that had been removed for sequencing measured 76–190 µm wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B5CAF7C657A47F6FC15DEDF" box="[809,908,1929,1955]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-214@30.[151,1436,597,1838]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 14. Stanophyllum aff. granulatum; sequenced specimen RC0489 (BC010). A, B Shipboard photographs A, Specimen attached to a nodule. B. Side view. C–F, Laboratory photographs. C, Entire specimen. D, E, Edge of test showing granellare branches and fringe of radiolarians attached to organic fibres (linellae). F, Granellare removed from test." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792091/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Fig. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5CAF7C669447D2FE73DEBA" blockId="31.[151,1437,1749,2027]" box="[199,490,1964,1991]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B5CAF7C669447D2FE73DEBA" bold="true" box="[199,490,1964,1991]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">RC0608 (not sequenced)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B5CAF43669447AEFAE7D985" blockId="31.[151,1437,1749,2027]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,150,1437]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
|
||
Shipboard photographs show the test bent over from what, presumably, was an upright orientation on the seafloor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF43675240E8FE13D9CD" box="[257,394,150,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 15A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is considerably larger than RC0489, measuring
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF43658140E8FBAFD9CD" box="[978,1078,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.06" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="30.6">30.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with a maximum width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF4366C440C4FF67D9A9" box="[151,254,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="21.4">21.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The shape is asymmetrically oval (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF4364DF40C4FC8BD9A9" box="[652,786,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 15A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), similar to that of the sequenced specimen, although with a short wide proximal stem
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF43679C40A0FDBCD985" box="[463,549,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF4364F440A0FD70D985" box="[679,745,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long that merges with the upper part of the test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF43635A40A0FAE8D985" box="[1289,1393,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B63AF436694417CFE12DB41" blockId="32.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
|
||
The preserved specimen is 520–650 µm thick. The test surface has a vague pattern of concentric arcuate zones running parallel to the curved upper (distal) margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF4364A04158FCC2D83D" box="[755,859,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 15C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The wall is very similar to that of the sequenced specimen. Apart from a single agglutinated foraminiferan (Reophax sp.), it is composed largely of radiolarian shells of different sizes and a subordinate proportion of sponge spicules, with a patchy matrix of fine particles occupying the gaps across some parts of the surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF43643641ECFD5ED8D1" box="[613,711,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The meshwork of linellae that holds together the surface layer is strongly developed and clearly visible where there are gaps between the radiolarians and near the margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF43637841C8FA16D8AD" box="[1323,1423,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1581,1605]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[151,1436,181,1557]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 15. Stanophyllum aff.granulatum; specimen that was not sequenced, RC0608 (BC015).A, B,D Shipboard photographs C, E, F, Laboratory photographs.A, B, Specimen attached to a nodule. C. Specimen detached. D, Base of test showing attachment to nodule. E, Detail of surface. F, Edge of test showing organic fibres (linellae). Scales were not available for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792095/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 15E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The stercomare can also be seen through these gaps. In more central parts of the test, it forms an interconnected system of irregularly shaped lumps merging into more linear strands that radiate towards the towards the curved upper (distal) margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B63AF4366944238FD71DBD5" blockId="32.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4366944238FD95DB1C" bold="true" box="[199,524,582,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Molecular characterisation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF43644E4238FC13DB1D" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[541,906,583,609]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43644E4238FD5CDB1D" box="[541,709,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Stannophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4364AF4238FC13DB1D" box="[764,906,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
branches next to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4362054238FB47DB1C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1889" box="[1110,1246,583,609]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="zonarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4362054238FB47DB1C" box="[1110,1246,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. zonarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(100%
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED11AE727B63AF4363614238FAC5DB1D" box="[1330,1372,583,609]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">BV</collectionCode>
|
||
). The barcoding fragment of the 18S gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4364024214FCB0DBF9" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[593,809,619,645]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4364024214FDFEDBF9" box="[593,615,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4364C84214FCB0DBF9" box="[667,809,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 927 nucleotides long and its
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED11AE727B63AF4362DE4214FB2DDBF9" box="[1165,1204,619,645]" country="0" name="Goucher College" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">GC</collectionCode>
|
||
content is 29%. The two sequences obtained for this species are identical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31A653C7B63AF43669442CCFCCFDCE1" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B63AF43669442CCFB18DAFD" blockId="32.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43669442CCFEADDBB1" bold="true" box="[199,308,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. Three of the 15
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF43645F42CCFC88DBB1" box="[524,785,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43645F42CCFD2DDBB1" box="[524,692,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Stannophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF4365FC42CCFBC8DBB1" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[943,1105,691,717]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref22620" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1996) Synoptic checklist and bibliography of the Xenophyophorea (Protista), with a zoogeographical survey of the group. Galathea Report, 17, 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1996">Tendal (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in his synoptic checklist of xenophyophores,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF43670D42A8FD39DB8D" authority="Tendal, 1972" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[350,672,727,753]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43670D42A8FD9EDB8D" box="[350,519,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. granularium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF43645F42A8FD39DB8D" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[524,672,727,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4364F842A8FD59DB8D" box="[683,704,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S.</emphasis>
|
||
radiolarium
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF43651C42A8FC69DB8D" author="Haeckel, E" box="[847,1008,727,753]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref22193" refString="Haeckel, E (1889) Report on the deep-sea Keratozoa collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger Reports, 32, 1 - 92, pls. I - VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3968" type="journal article" year="1889">Haeckel, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF43627642A8FB33DB8C" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1889" box="[1061,1194,727,753]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="zonarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43627642A8FB33DB8C" box="[1061,1194,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. zonarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have tests composed to some degree of radiolarians (as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF4364F64284FCA0DA69" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[677,825,763,789]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4365184284FBFADA68" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1889" box="[843,1123,763,789]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="zonarium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4365184284FBFADA68" box="[843,1123,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Stannophyllum zonarium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is the most widely reported of all xenophyophores (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF4367F54360FDA6DA45" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[422,575,799,825]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="79 - 101" refId="ref22620" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1996) Synoptic checklist and bibliography of the Xenophyophorea (Protista), with a zoogeographical survey of the group. Galathea Report, 17, 79 - 101." type="journal article" year="1996">Tendal, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The test is clearly zoned and the strongly developed linellae often project from the lower part in tangled bundles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF436433433CFD61DA21" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[608,760,835,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF436556433CFC60DA21" author="Gooday, A. J. & Durden, J. M. & Holzmann, M. & Pawlowski, J. & Smith, C. R." box="[773,1017,835,861]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="125715" refId="ref21925" refString="Gooday, A. J., Durden, J. M., Holzmann, M., Pawlowski, J. & Smith, C. R. (2020 a) Xenophyophores (Rhizaria, Foraminifera), including four new species and two new genera, from the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone (abyssal equatorial Pacific). European Journal of Protistology, 75, 125715. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ejop. 2020.125715" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Gooday
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF436534433CFC03DA21" box="[871,922,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2020a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), features are not seen in the species described here. In any case, genetic data indicate that the two species are distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133B2A327B63AF43627C4318FBE9DAFD" box="[1071,1136,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[166,1429,189,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1436,179,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. PhyML phylogenetic tree based on the 3'end fragment of the SSU rRNA gene, showing the evolutionary relationships of 79 foraminiferal sequences belonging to monothalamids. Specimens marked in bold indicate those for which sequences were acquired during the present study. The tree is unrooted. Specimens are identified by their accession numbers. Numbers at nodes indicate bootstrap values (BVs). Only BVs>70% are shown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10792057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10792057/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B63AF43669443F4FC2BDD25" blockId="32.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
|
||
The other two possible candidates have the following characteristics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF43658043F4FBF3DAD9" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[979,1130,907,933]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4362CF43F4FADFDAD9" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[1180,1350,907,933]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4362CF43F4FADFDAD9" box="[1180,1350,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the test is 1.5–3.0 mm thick, dark brown in colour, sometimes with faint zonations, the surface is ‘granular’, the xenophyae comprise a combination of mineral particles and sponge spicules with a varying proportion of radiolarians and the linellae are strongly developed, often as a surface layer. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43653B4388FCE4DD6D" box="[872,893,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S.</emphasis>
|
||
radiolarium, the test is
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF4362DC4389FA9ADD6D" box="[1167,1283,1014,1041]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, lighter in colour, has a ‘soft consistency’, the surface is ‘smooth’, the xenophyae are mainly radiolarians with occasional sponge spicules, the linellae are sparse and do not form a surface layer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBF36B77B63AF436694441CFCCFDCE1" blockId="32.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">
|
||
The three possibly damaged specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4364E1441CFCC7DD01" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[690,862,1123,1149]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4364E1441CFCC7DD01" box="[690,862,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
illustrated in Pl. 10A–C of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF4362F0441CFADBDD01" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[1187,1346,1123,1149]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Pl. 1.3–1.5 of Tendal (1973) do not closely resemble either of our specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B467B63AF4365B544F8FB0EDDDD" author="Tendal, O. S." box="[998,1175,1159,1185]" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" pagination="7 - 103" refId="ref22590" refString="Tendal, O. S. (1972) A monograph of the Xenophyophoria. Galathea Report, 12, 7 - 103, pls. 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1972">Tendal’s (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
descriptions, however, suggest that our specimens are closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF43642644D4FCBADDB9" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[629,803,1195,1221]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43642644D4FCBADDB9" box="[629,803,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4365DA44D4FC07DDB9" box="[905,926,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S.</emphasis>
|
||
radiolarium, although there are differences. Radiolarians are generally a subordinate, rather than dominant, component of the xenophyae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF43629744B0FAF4DD95" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[1220,1389,1231,1257]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43629744B0FAF4DD95" box="[1220,1389,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and may be almost absent. Our specimens are much thinner (<1.0 mm when preserved, compared to 1.5–3.0 mm). With the exception of an anomalous record from the Indonesian region (Banda Sea,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF4362404569FBF0DC4D" box="[1043,1129,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.365" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="4365.0">4365 m</quantity>
|
||
depth), all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4363D44568FEBCDC29" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4363D44568FEBCDC29" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">S. granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
come from ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CF89B527B63AF4367EA4545FDCFDC29" box="[441,598,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" unit="m" value="5850.0" valueMax="6700.0" valueMin="5000.0">5000–6700 m</quantity>
|
||
in the NW Pacific (32–54˚ N), some distance from our shallower sampling area in the eastern equatorial Pacific. For these reasons, we cannot confidently assign our specimens to Tendal’s species, but refer it instead to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C004D347B63AF4367B545FCFCC9DCE1" authorityName="Tendal" authorityYear="1972" box="[486,848,1411,1437]" class="Monothalamea" family="Stannomidae" genus="Stannophyllum" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Chromista" pageId="32" pageNumber="183" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="granularium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF4367B545FCFD17DCE1" box="[486,654,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">Stannophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="B974EAA57B63AF43649145FCFCC9DCE1" box="[706,848,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="183">granularium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |