304 lines
45 KiB
XML
304 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="07137CE6668320A57488412ABE03C11E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.183204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f859cd34-f851-41e5-9d75-7df27cf02b20" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="183204" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459898108761" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lim, Swee Cheng & Tan, Koh Siang" docDate="2008" docId="03998783FFA7FF8171A07E57FDCDE496" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01841p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1841" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Tethycometes radicosa Lim & Tan, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFA0FFFBFFA7FF8271377B30FFE6E029" masterDocTitle="A new species of Tethycometes Sarà, 1994 (Porifera: Hadromerida: Tethyidae) from Singapore" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1698228526437" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E244F2353492D9301FBB3B294D86099D">
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<mods:title id="F413CF682C8D9D2E494801E130BB4033">A new species of Tethycometes Sarà, 1994 (Porifera: Hadromerida: Tethyidae) from Singapore</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="ADEB7432AACA372F91E6EC63C936C6B3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="94711F801883F1102F6E49EE35B34E12">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FF00CFD674AD677FD0362268EBBE443D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4836920D538D45B0EBA896222EBEB55E">Lim, Swee Cheng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3DB8F924A1C806CE93B197ECA942F086" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7A249B5A389B3FFC93360B8D876AA966">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E28D28BE47A7BC28E4D37D9084C31C8A">Tan, Koh Siang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EF2B5AE791F57BD98D12E0A65125CD02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="70D0C22681C2C3481D24D3217B183F34">
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<mods:title id="8C9867D656AB8FB15811D42BA3848C46">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="42D711DF924E34CFAC9E8750CDCED495">
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<mods:date id="1A5B64CB026929093A7BAC0C03B7CE02">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="14B36E85D6FE2E7C0853FEC52A8DD42B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="77B2E00190142C5FF84D98C1C1CB9B94">1841</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B305F63F14A979C28540E53C7818A727">65</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A523F3B4744BA28905C09863430BDAB9">68</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="7F6EFA8A7FF1ACE2D60EFC5A1C006BA4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4732B59675F5C1915C23A5EF02A60BF2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.183204</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FD3BAAF9977484A2F2C58A60E8A32DB7" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A0F3A6B3A6CE2526B27452B2C0ACBA9F" type="Zenodo-Dep">183204</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03998783FFA7FF8171A07E57FDCDE496" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6234499" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119372576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6234499" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2B27063A-1C87-4601-84EA-5A2839D94082" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03998783FFA7FF8171A07E57FDCDE496" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C32A651EFFA7FF8271A07E57FDEDE5A8" box="[151,523,1383,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA7FF8271A07E57FDEDE5A8" blockId="0.[151,523,1383,1409]" box="[151,523,1383,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0C781F9FFA7FF8271A07E57FDEDE5A8" bold="true" box="[151,523,1383,1409]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA7FF8271A07E57FDEDE5A8" bold="true" box="[151,523,1383,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA7FF8271A07E57FE41E5A8" box="[151,423,1383,1409]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA7FF8271A07E57FE41E5A8" bold="true" box="[151,423,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Tethycometes radicosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA7FF8270997E57FDEDE5A8" box="[430,523,1383,1409]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32A651EFFA7FF8171A07E9DFDCDE496" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA7FF8271A07E9DFB77E666" blockId="0.[151,1436,1453,2031]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA7FF8271A07E9DFF1BE5ED" box="[151,253,1453,1476]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, with eight slide preparations.
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<collectionCode id="ED21AE50FFA7FF82737C7E9DFD60E5ED" box="[587,646,1453,1476]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">ZRC</collectionCode>
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.POR.1.
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8273EB7E9DFCADE5ED" box="[732,843,1453,1476]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8272607E9DFC25E5ED" box="[855,963,1453,1476]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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Strait; sandy and muddy substratum; depth
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<specimenCount id="9D36FD1CFFA7FF8271A07EE0FF31E5CE" box="[151,215,1488,1511]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="generic">
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA7FF8271A07EE0FF32E5CE" box="[151,212,1488,1511]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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Coll. T.M.
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF82706A7EE0FE65E5CE" box="[349,387,1488,1511]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Sin</collectingCountry>
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, M. Lee, S. Ang and L. Lim,
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<date id="FF8E1055FFA7FF8273E07EE0FCB6E5CE" box="[727,848,1488,1511]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="2006-03-23">23/iii/2006</date>
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.
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<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA7FF82726A7EE0FC2EE5CE" box="[861,968,1488,1511]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED21AE50FFA7FF8272E27EE0FBE8E5CE" box="[981,1038,1488,1511]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">ZRC</collectionCode>
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.POR.2.
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF82755F7EE0FB31E5CE" box="[1128,1239,1488,1511]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8275D27EE0FAB7E5CE" box="[1253,1361,1488,1511]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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Strait; sandy and muddy substratum,
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA7FF8270C67EC2FDCAE620" box="[497,556,1522,1545]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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depth. Coll. T.M.
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8272327EC2FCCDE620" box="[773,811,1522,1545]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Sin</collectingCountry>
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, M. Lee, S. Ang and L. Lim,
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<date id="FF8E1055FFA7FF8275B87EC2FAE1E620" box="[1167,1287,1522,1545]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="2006-03-23">23/iii/2006</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D36FD1CFFA7FF8274207EC2FA7EE620" box="[1303,1432,1522,1545]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED21AE50FFA7FF8271A07D25FF36E605" box="[151,208,1557,1580]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">ZRC</collectionCode>
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.POR.3.
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8270107D25FE70E605" box="[295,406,1557,1580]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8270977D25FDEAE605" box="[416,524,1557,1580]" name="Singapore" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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Strait; sandy and muddy substratum,
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA7FF8272977D25FC30E605" box="[928,982,1557,1580]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
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depth. Coll. T.M.
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<collectingCountry id="F3277605FFA7FF8275AD7D25FB26E605" box="[1178,1216,1557,1580]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Sin</collectingCountry>
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, M. Lee, S. Ang and L. Lim,
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<date id="FF8E1055FFA7FF8271D97D08FEBBE666" box="[238,349,1592,1615]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" value="2006-05-08">08/v/2006</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D36FD1CFFA7FF82705F7D08FE05E666" box="[360,483,1592,1615]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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. A total of
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<specimenCount id="9D36FD1CFFA7FF82736D7D08FD0DE666" box="[602,747,1592,1615]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
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from the same locality were examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA7FF8271F17D6AFF37E6BD" blockId="0.[151,1436,1453,2031]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Etymology. The species is named for the prominent and numerous rooting processes present on the basal half of the stalk.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA7FF8371F17D90FDD4E0DD" blockId="0.[151,1436,1453,2031]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1437,152,244]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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Description of
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<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA7FF82705D7D90FE37E69E" box="[362,465,1696,1719]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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. The specimen has a distinct ovoid body attached to a long, narrow stalk (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA7FF8274327D90FAA5E69E" box="[1285,1347,1696,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,880,901]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,333,855]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[396,1190,333,857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, Holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm. B, rooting processes, exposed after removal of sand grains and biogenic material. Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183205/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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A). The ovoid body is 5
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<date id="FF8E1055FFA7FF8270737DF2FE80E6F0" box="[324,358,1730,1753]" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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x
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA7FF82706E7DF2FE80E6F0" box="[345,358,1730,1753]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="4.0">4</quantity>
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</date>
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mm (length x width) in size, while the stalk is
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA7FF8272557DF2FC4BE6F0" box="[866,941,1730,1753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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in length, with a diameter of between 1 and
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA7FF8274B97DF2FF22E6D5" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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. The ovoid body surface bears spicule brushes on tubercles that are often covered with and obscured by fine silt. The basal end of the stalk bears root-like processes covered with debris such as sand grains and biogenic material. Rooting processes can only be observed after removal of debris (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA7FF8273DB7C1AFCCEE768" box="[748,808,1834,1857]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,880,901]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,333,855]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[396,1190,333,857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, Holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm. B, rooting processes, exposed after removal of sand grains and biogenic material. Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183205/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B). These root-like processes, which may serve to keep the sponge anchored to the substratum, cover more than half the length of the stalk. Living specimens obtained in situ from grab samples were in an upright position with the ovoid body and stalk partially exposed above the substratum. The basal half of the stalk bearing rooting processes was completely embedded in the sandy–mud substratum. The ovoid body and stalk were mustard yellow when alive, turning white in ethanol. Oscules were not observed in both preserved and live specimens. While the ovoid body has a firm, slightly compressible consistency, the stalk and rooting processes are fragile. Numerous rounded, tubercles are present on surface of ovoid body, each raised about
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA6FF83757E7BA8FB7DE086" box="[1097,1179,152,175]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
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above the body surface. Each tubercle bears a spicule brush which extends up to
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<quantity id="4CC89B70FFA6FF8372397B8AFC89E0F8" box="[782,879,186,209]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
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above the surface. The surface of the stalk that is devoid of rooting processes is smooth.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF4F661DFFA6FF8371A07840FDF0E38A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183205/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[396,1190,333,855]" targetPageId="1">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA6FF8371A07840FDF0E38A" blockId="1.[151,1435,880,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA6FF8371A07840FEEDE3AC" bold="true" box="[151,267,880,901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA6FF8370267841FE0DE3AF" box="[273,491,881,902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA6FF8370267841FE0DE3AF" box="[273,491,881,902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Tethycometes radicosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA6FF8370C07840FDA7E3AC" box="[503,577,880,901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A, Holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm. B, rooting processes, exposed after removal of sand grains and biogenic material. Scale bar: 5 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<caption id="DF4F661DFFA6FF8371A07D64FB3AE696" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183206/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[175,1434,979,1597]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA6FF8371A07D64FB3AE696" blockId="1.[151,1436,1620,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA6FF8371A07D64FEE8E640" bold="true" box="[151,270,1620,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA6FF8370227D64FE17E640" box="[277,497,1620,1641]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA6FF8370227D64FE17E640" box="[277,497,1620,1641]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Tethycometes radicosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA6FF8370C97D64FDADE640" box="[510,587,1620,1641]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A, ovoid body transverse section of choanosome and cortex (the cortex region is indicated by two arrows). Scale bar: 200 μm. B, stalk, under light microscope. Scale bar: 400 μm. C, tangential skeleton and spicule bundle of stalk (the ovoid body is at the top end). Scale bar: 400 μm. D, transverse section of stalk. Scale bar: 200 μm. E, primary rooting process (indicated by arrow) attached to stalk. Scale bar: 500 μm. F, tertiary rooting processes. Scale bar: 300 μm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA6FF8071F17C3FFA8FE110" blockId="1.[151,1436,1807,2038]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,1007]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">
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Skeleton. Numerous bundles of strongyloxeas radiate from the centre of the ovoid body, each one spicule long. A spicule brush, each also one spicule long, extends from each bundle. Strongyloxeas (
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<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA6FF83752A7C01FBBDE761" box="[1053,1115,1841,1864]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A) in bundle: 170-826.5-1750 μm x 2.5-10.1-22.5 μm (25 spicules were measured, unless stated otherwise, presented as lowest value range-mean-highest value range of length by lowest value range-mean-highest value range of width). These bundles are between 500 and 650 μm in thickness. The choanosome lacks interstitial megascleres. Strongyloxeas in the spicule brush: 430-671.3-1050 μm
|
||
<date id="FF8E1055FFA6FF8371F77C8CFF06E7FA" box="[192,224,1980,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">x 5</date>
|
||
-11.9-17.5 μm. Thin microstrongyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA6FF83734D7C8CFD5FE7FA" box="[634,697,1980,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) 80-147.3-190 μm
|
||
<date id="FF8E1055FFA6FF8372AB7C8CFC5BE7FA" box="[924,957,1980,2003]" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">x 4</date>
|
||
-4.8-5 μm are grouped around a basal bundle core of strongyloxeas from which the bundles of strongyloxeas radiate. Megasters comprise oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA6FF8375E87CEFFAFAE7DF" box="[1247,1308,2015,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C) and oxyspherasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF80702A7BA8FEB8E086" box="[285,350,152,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Both oxyasters and oxyspherasters are variable in size. Oxyasters, 52.5-147.8-300 μm (25 asters were measured, unless stated otherwise, presented as lowest value range-mean-highest value range in diameter), are densely packed in the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF8073217BEDFDB0E0DD" box="[534,598,221,244]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1434,979,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,979,1599]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, ovoid body transverse section of choanosome and cortex (the cortex region is indicated by two arrows). Scale bar: 200 μm. B, stalk, under light microscope. Scale bar: 400 μm. C, tangential skeleton and spicule bundle of stalk (the ovoid body is at the top end). Scale bar: 400 μm. D, transverse section of stalk. Scale bar: 200 μm. E, primary rooting process (indicated by arrow) attached to stalk. Scale bar: 500 μm. F, tertiary rooting processes. Scale bar: 300 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Oxyspherasters, 42.5-69-115 μm, form a thin but distinct cortex 100 to 150 μm thick, where a few (megaster) oxyasters can also be found. Micrasters comprise strongylasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF8075F77A30FB19E13E" box="[1216,1279,256,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E), 10-10.2-12 µm, and oxyasters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF80705E7A12FE4EE110" box="[361,424,290,313]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F), 10-10.7-12 µm. They form a dense surface layer above the cortex. Lacunae are absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA5FF8071F17A75FE21E3C6" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The stalk of the sponge comprises a single spicule bundle completely enclosed along its length by an outer sheath (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF8071A87A58FF04E156" box="[159,226,360,383]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1434,979,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,979,1599]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, ovoid body transverse section of choanosome and cortex (the cortex region is indicated by two arrows). Scale bar: 200 μm. B, stalk, under light microscope. Scale bar: 400 μm. C, tangential skeleton and spicule bundle of stalk (the ovoid body is at the top end). Scale bar: 400 μm. D, transverse section of stalk. Scale bar: 200 μm. E, primary rooting process (indicated by arrow) attached to stalk. Scale bar: 500 μm. F, tertiary rooting processes. Scale bar: 300 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The spicule bundle is 300 to 500 μm in diameter and consists of densely packed strongyloxeas. The outer sheath forms a thin cylindrical tangential skeleton (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF8073E27ABAFCFEE188" box="[725,792,394,417]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1434,979,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,979,1599]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, ovoid body transverse section of choanosome and cortex (the cortex region is indicated by two arrows). Scale bar: 200 μm. B, stalk, under light microscope. Scale bar: 400 μm. C, tangential skeleton and spicule bundle of stalk (the ovoid body is at the top end). Scale bar: 400 μm. D, transverse section of stalk. Scale bar: 200 μm. E, primary rooting process (indicated by arrow) attached to stalk. Scale bar: 500 μm. F, tertiary rooting processes. Scale bar: 300 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C and 2D) which is mostly one spicule thick, comprising strongyloxeas, exotyles, strongylasters and oxyasters arranged confusedly and sparsely. The strongyloxeas, strongylasters and oxyasters found in the stalk are similar to those forming the ovoid body skeleton. Exotyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF8075C47AE0FAD4E1CE" box="[1267,1330,464,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1891,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1122,1870]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 3. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov., SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G) 152.5- 197.9-267.5 μm x 2.5-2.6-3 μm are also fairly abundant. The tangential skeleton adheres completely to the spicule bundle just below the ovoid body but becomes partially detached to form a cylindrical sheath around the spicule bundle, enclosing a space devoid of spicules between them. The spicule bundle is attached along one side of the inner wall of the cylindrical tangential skeleton for its entire length. The space between the wall of the tangential skeleton and the spicule bundle can be up to 700 μm wide in cross section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF807399794DFD08E2BD" box="[686,750,637,660]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1434,979,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,979,1599]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, ovoid body transverse section of choanosome and cortex (the cortex region is indicated by two arrows). Scale bar: 200 μm. B, stalk, under light microscope. Scale bar: 400 μm. C, tangential skeleton and spicule bundle of stalk (the ovoid body is at the top end). Scale bar: 400 μm. D, transverse section of stalk. Scale bar: 200 μm. E, primary rooting process (indicated by arrow) attached to stalk. Scale bar: 500 μm. F, tertiary rooting processes. Scale bar: 300 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 2C and 2D). Towards the distal end of the stalk away from the ovoid body, the diameter of the cylindrical sheath decreases so as to become completely adherent to the spicule bundle once again. Characteristic rooting processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF80734879F2FD20E2F0" box="[639,710,706,729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,880,901]" captionTargetBox="[396,1190,333,855]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[396,1190,333,857]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, Holotype. Scale bar: 5 mm. B, rooting processes, exposed after removal of sand grains and biogenic material. Scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183205/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B and 2E) are found in this region. These can be distinguished into primary, secondary and tertiary processes, based on their branching order. Processes originating directly from the stalk are considered the primary processes. The skeleton of the primary rooting processes is similar to the tangential skeleton. It consists of confusedly arranged and sparsely distributed strongyloxeas, exotyles, strongylasters and micraster oxyasters where many of the strongyloxeas and exotyles are flexuous. The skeleton of the secondary and tertiary rooting processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130B2A10FFA5FF80703C7840FEACE3AE" box="[267,330,880,903]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1620,1641]" captionTargetBox="[175,1434,979,1597]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,979,1599]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 2. Tethycometes radicosa, sp. nov. A, ovoid body transverse section of choanosome and cortex (the cortex region is indicated by two arrows). Scale bar: 200 μm. B, stalk, under light microscope. Scale bar: 400 μm. C, tangential skeleton and spicule bundle of stalk (the ovoid body is at the top end). Scale bar: 400 μm. D, transverse section of stalk. Scale bar: 200 μm. E, primary rooting process (indicated by arrow) attached to stalk. Scale bar: 500 μm. F, tertiary rooting processes. Scale bar: 300 μm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183206/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F) are similar in spicular composition and structure to the primary rooting processes. The skeleton of the tertiary rooting processes however usually comprises a single strongyloxea or a single exotyle, together with scattered micrasters. Sand grains and biogenic material (mainly shell fragments) are attached to the rooting processes but not incorporated in the skeleton.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4F661DFFA5FF8071A07C53FF5BE7E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/183207/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" targetBox="[151,1435,1122,1870]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA5FF8071A07C53FF5BE7E6" blockId="2.[151,1436,1890,1999]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA5FF8071A07C53FEEAE751" bold="true" box="[151,268,1891,1912]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA5FF8070257C54FE0AE750" box="[274,492,1892,1913]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA5FF8070257C54FE0AE750" box="[274,492,1892,1913]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="67">Tethycometes radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA5FF8070C07C54FDA2E750" box="[503,580,1892,1913]" pageId="2" pageNumber="67" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, SEM micrographs: A, strongyloxea. Scale bar: 100 μm. B, microstrongyle. Scale bar: 15 μm. C, oxyaster (megaster). Scale bar: 20 μm. D, oxyspheraster. Scale bar: 10 μm. E, strongylaster. Scale bar: 2 μm. F, oxyaster (micraster). Scale bar: 2 μm. G, exotyle. Scale bar: 20 μm. H and I, enlarged distal ends of two different exotyles. Both scale bars: 1.5 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA4FF8171F17BA8FDCDE220" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8170487BA8FD94E086" box="[383,626,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8170487BA8FD94E086" box="[383,626,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tethycometes radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares the following characteristics with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8175067BA8FB79E086" box="[1073,1183,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8175067BA8FB79E086" box="[1073,1183,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA4FF8175E37BA8FAE4E086" box="[1236,1282,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus: 1) a long stalk that is about eight times the length of the ovoid body; 2) the ovoid body skeleton consists of vertical bundles of strongyloxeas each one spicule long that radiate from the body centre; 3) spicule brushes of diverging thinner strongyloxeas, one spicule long, that originate from these bundles; 4) microstrongyles occur at the bases of the central strongyloxeas; 5) two
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA4FF8170E57A12FDECE110" box="[466,522,290,313]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of micrasters are present, i.e., oxyasters and strongylasters. These shared features justify the placement of the new species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8173637A75FD05E175" box="[596,739,325,348]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173637A75FD05E175" box="[596,739,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tethycometes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three principal characteristics that distinguish the new species from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA4FF8170347A58FED7E156" box="[259,305,360,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species are: 1)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8170DB7A58FD8EE156" box="[492,616,360,383]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8170DB7A58FD8EE156" box="[492,616,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA4FF8173437A58FD2AE156" box="[628,716,360,383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
possesses two categories of megasters, i.e., oxyasters and oxyspherasters, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF81705A7ABAFE39E188" box="[365,479,394,417]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF81705A7ABAFE39E188" box="[365,479,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which only has one
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA4FF8173E67ABAFD19E188" box="[721,767,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of megaster (oxyasters); 2) a localized distribution of oxyspherasters between the dense surface layer of micrasters and the oxyaster core of the ovoid body in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8175F27A9DFADBE1ED" box="[1221,1341,429,452]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8175F27A9DFADBE1ED" box="[1221,1341,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA4FF8174737A9DFA7EE1ED" box="[1348,1432,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, forming a thin but distinct cortex which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8173F27AE0FCD4E1CE" box="[709,818,464,487]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173F27AE0FCD4E1CE" box="[709,818,464,487]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3) the presence of an external cylindrical sheath forming a tangential skeleton around the stalk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA4FF8171F17925FE0BE380" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
Sarà (1994) considered the relatively long stalk in relation to the body diameter as the main trait that distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8171A07908FEC0E266" box="[151,294,568,591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8171A07908FEC0E266" box="[151,294,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tethycometes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other stalked genera, namely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8173907908FCCAE266" box="[679,812,568,591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Halicometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173907908FCCAE266" box="[679,812,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Halicometes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8172547908FC10E266" box="[867,1014,568,591]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Burtonitethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8172547908FC10E266" box="[867,1014,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Burtonitethya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whose stalks’ lengths are between one and four times the ovoid body diameter. All
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D36FD1CFFA4FF817345796AFCE4E258" box="[626,770,602,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF817211796AFC78E258" box="[806,926,602,625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF817211796AFC78E258" box="[806,926,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA4FF817292796AFC1EE258" box="[933,1016,602,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
examined in this study invariably have a stalk that is about eight times the length of the body. These observations strengthen the validity of the former monotypic genus erected based on two specimens collected in 1900.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF81720F7990FBCCE29E" box="[824,1066,672,695]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF81720F7990FBCCE29E" box="[824,1066,672,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tethycometes radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA4FF8175067990FB62E29E" box="[1073,1156,672,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is however unique among all the stalked tethyid species described to date in having a partially detached, cylindrical sheath and rooting processes on the stalk. Neither sheath nor rooting processes are present in its only other congener,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF81751679D5FB69E2D5" box="[1057,1167,741,764]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF81751679D5FB69E2D5" box="[1057,1167,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is highly unlikely that both the tangential skeleton forming a sheath around the stalk and rooting processes were missed by Sarà (1994) when he described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF817032781AFE92E368" box="[261,372,810,833]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF817032781AFE92E368" box="[261,372,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While it is conceivable that a part of the tangential skeleton forming the sheath and rooting processes were detached during the collection or preservation process, it is difficult to imagine that the entire structure was lost. We were unable to locate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548B8837FFA4FF8173217840FDA2E3AE" box="[534,580,880,903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8173D37840FCB2E3AE" box="[740,852,880,903]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173D37840FCB2E3AE" box="[740,852,880,903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. sibogae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
deposited in the Natural History Museum in London (Claire Valentine, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8F3695FFA4FF8171F17885FDCDE496" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The sheath surrounding the stalk of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8173787885FD23E3E5" box="[591,709,949,972]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173787885FD23E3E5" box="[591,709,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T. radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA4FF8173E77885FCC2E3E5" box="[720,804,949,972]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
also differs significantly from the simple adherent coat of exotyles and micrasters around the stalks of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF81734378E8FD1FE3C6" box="[628,761,984,1007]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Halicometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF81734378E8FD1FE3C6" box="[628,761,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Halicometes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The cylindrical tangential skeleton of the new species comprises strongyloxeas, in addition to exotyles and micrasters which encloses a defined space devoid of spicules. The biological significance of this skeletal arrangement remains unknown. The tangential skeleton also gives rise to rooting processes distally that do not occur in other stalked tethyids. While multiple rooting processes can be found in a few species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8171D37F53FECEE453" box="[228,296,1123,1146]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8171D37F53FECEE453" box="[228,296,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">Tethya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, these are usually extensions of the radiating spicule bundles and cortex and are probably not homologous with the rooting processes described above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C304D16FFA4FF8173BB7FB5FCE5E4B5" box="[652,771,1157,1180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethycometes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="radicosa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173BB7FB5FD7FE4B5" box="[652,665,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B944EA87FFA4FF8173917FB5FCE5E4B5" box="[678,771,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="68">radicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27757FCFFA4FF81723D7FB5FCBEE4B5" box="[778,856,1157,1180]" pageId="3" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.. However, both undoubtedly serve to provide anchorage and attachment to the substratum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |