305 lines
36 KiB
XML
305 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="0FF2C0B3755A93E161F32296E2A6CE9D" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="645f88bf-93ca-4420-953e-083221ef4da2" ModsDocID="z01275p021" checkinTime="1247149266567" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Oscar M. Lasso-Alcalá, Donald C. Taphorn B., Carlos A. Lasso & Oscar León-Mata" docDate="2006" docId="F180CF9C131BCB1C55C850637081CA52" docLanguage="en" docName="2006_Lasso-Alcala_Taphorn_Lasso_Leon-Mata_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1275" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F508839E-DB09-412E-8A67-82B09FF5282D" docTitle="Rivulus sape Lasso-Alcalá, B., Lasso & León-Mata, 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="449725C9430683421202627005ADDF7F" masterDocTitle="Rivulus sape, a new species of killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Paragua River system, Caroní River drainage, Guyana Shield, Venezuela." masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1701314433149" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="18B8F126E2E8D85710D8B7FDA352E3A9">Rivulus sape, a new species of killifish (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the Paragua River system, Caroní River drainage, Guyana Shield, Venezuela.</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D605AC058BF80B6B36AC36BFEC196607" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="D74CD0FBCD87CD83F69DDEF93EC40BD8">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D794003122D079AB68F8E304D2C2D2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6715D23E2E01C311C729D8F9EBB3A4CB">Oscar M. Lasso-Alcalá</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="C8E002890D67380F2B037752CE752272">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B2DA767B7A2A6AAE9D4A5469B99EFDA8">Donald C. Taphorn B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="ECFACAC50603A27105C6E076B16D8464" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7758D183D20A6F07C528FB2CD80F5BDE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E23ED3C531C0C5FCDEE2BC1DD1542303">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E1E9811C5C4596C4EECFE2CE94EDFB1C">Carlos A. Lasso</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="69A59168649241EC822224AA2793F8F6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ABEAE65010896A791459C287926198E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="78496FF94AC43664AA9BA2E7070D77F4">Oscar León-Mata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="94E140623D2E116C20C2CC742BD2BA46">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="26DD494E18A78BEEDAB49A18841DEC66">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E95F9865A9334E28AEDAED897740F3D1">
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<mods:date id="D4BB311FE8B36D32360CA598D8A179A3">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9B10F68419814DF27D10B1D88D118287">1275</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="85F7A4DF8B0FFF9FED5E01D447C2743F">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F508839E-DB09-412E-8A67-82B09FF5282D</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="680BB8CFBF9B1BF646EB40F8767233AB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="66B1072705F90226370A8A2E27352669" type="Plazi-Custom">z01275p021</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1DE4BDD6FC54AE9D201EB8A9E2679375" type="ZooBank">F508839E-DB09-412E-8A67-82B09FF5282D</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F180CF9C131BCB1C55C850637081CA52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6256148" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100124026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6256148" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F180CF9C131BCB1C55C850637081CA52" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F180CF9C131BCB1C55C850637081CA52" lastPageNumber="27" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="463BDE33A6432E272E2D69C6BF99F7AC" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5E830F23D52430EC7C299F4D59F9722C" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="0DFFC2CBCD87E56AFB30DC4F808CE176" ID-CoL="4T7K9" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">Rivulus sape</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3721B9050B4640418C748A41CB88A64B" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74CD9A9A41880B572F3BAEA26A65F6B7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D39707DA47C60BE4F52F8E809C22B635" pageNumber="23">Figures 1, 2 and 3; table 1.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8379BD598382FCE0FBC488A6F8C8CAA7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AB119FCC87D93ECEB38E17716533EF3D" pageNumber="23">
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<materialsCitation id="C561C010E3C55DF6FEAC2B46CA1C463A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480889" collectingDate="2005-12-04" collectionCode="MHNLS" collectorName="C. Lasso, O. Leon-Mata, J. Mora" country="Venezuela" latitude="4.7677774" location="Orinoco River basin, Caroni River system, small stream, a tributary entering the right side of the Ichun River, downstream from Ichun, or Espuma Falls, tributary of the Paragua River" longitude="-63.465836" specimenCode="MHNLS 18934" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<typeStatus id="3316A8545831CFFFEF2A4EA8E7702AA1">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="E855835EEEC989E72E7044FCDCDD02C2">
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<collectionCode id="6001EF01AA924F6856B014E640AE14AE" collectionName="MHNLS">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18934
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</specimenCode>
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, adult male, 47.7 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="3D938AB1CB41DCBDC759AF50DDEA9D8F">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location id="466C9338DC5F4BC9BD92A41772B0ACE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F180CF9C131BCB1C55C850637081CA52:466C9338DC5F4BC9BD92A41772B0ACE2" country="Venezuela" latitude="4.7677774" longitude="-63.465836" name="Orinoco River basin, Caroni River system, small stream, a tributary entering the right side of the Ichun River, downstream from Ichun, or Espuma Falls, tributary of the Paragua River" stateProvince="Bolivar">
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Orinoco River basin,
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<normalizedToken id="9BB11C93092955A6B9B1955607DE8495" originalValue="Caroní">Caroni</normalizedToken>
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River system, small stream, a tributary entering the right side of the
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<normalizedToken id="5DA7BAF36E3451957ABE5A5ABAF97F0C" originalValue="Ichún">Ichun</normalizedToken>
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River, downstream from
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<normalizedToken id="2194ABE361DD125318F40337135BBC09" originalValue="Ichún">Ichun</normalizedToken>
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, or Espuma Falls, tributary of the Paragua River
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</location>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="E327D08BEC7102D3084B2E003BA11573" originalValue="Bolívar">
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<collectingRegion id="5A600A1FE92623590C015EACB8601D09">Bolivar</collectingRegion>
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</normalizedToken>
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state, approximately
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<geoCoordinate id="DEFBC96F88CEC7FE642D4A8F752223F1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="4.7677774">04°46’04”N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4269E29D2F513994BE4D4887409B8D37" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-63.465836">63°27’57”W</geoCoordinate>
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, 340 m a. s. l.;
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<collectorName id="493CF5F1E4EE99EDB1E656C11130EC1C">
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C. Lasso, O.
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<normalizedToken id="AD27FED7D43DAC8AD215672EAAB8AF60" originalValue="León-Mata">Leon-Mata</normalizedToken>
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, and J. Mora
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</collectorName>
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;
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<collectingDate id="D07CD9FF8DF364AE9D3AE38C7E865A61" day="04" month="12">
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4
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<collectingDate id="8C29D3A30B6F59CDD3909A22DEB68D1F" month="12" value="2005-12" year="2005">December 2005</collectingDate>
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</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C1408EECA909836CFDDF841CDDBC5C2D" pageNumber="23">
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Paratypes. All from Venezuela, Orinoco River basin,
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<normalizedToken id="9703D77E9123DD5A2D201681733AB97A" originalValue="Caroní">Caroni</normalizedToken>
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River system,
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<normalizedToken id="8E6B2E2C5100D5513C300EDDBF16EF09" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
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state. All collected with the holotype unless otherwise indicated.
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<materialsCitation id="D44221C89060A2FD1C84EC8383DB6C86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480885" collectingDate="2005-12-04" collectionCode="MHNLS, MCNG, MBUCV-V-, ANSP" collectorName="C. Lasso, O. Leon-Mata, J. Mora" country="Venezuela" latitude="4.7677774" location="Orinoco River basin, Caroni River system, small stream, a tributary entering the right side of the Ichun River, downstream from Ichun, or Espuma Falls, tributary of the Paragua River" longitude="-63.465836" specimenCode="MHNLS 18935, MHNLS 18936, MCNG 54730, MBUCV-V-32971, ANSP 182913, MCNG 54731" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<specimenCode id="7AB2C51C24DAEB66F6DF8778315568C0">
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<collectionCode id="8361D307FA0650B7290E7602187A180C" collectionName="MHNLS">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18935
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</specimenCode>
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, four males, 15.7-31.3 mm SL;
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<specimenCode id="E30E51BE875DCF7669A731D7A18F7881">
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<collectionCode id="E7B5C62CCCE50A179ACE2DF79D94F527" collectionName="MHNLS">MHNLS</collectionCode>
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18936
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</specimenCode>
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, six females, 18.4-27.1 mm SL.
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<specimenCode id="AA30487F0FA4E3F314FC4E250BF960FC">
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<collectionCode id="74650AD1CECC0CA572CA7102ED8F0AE8" collectionName="MCNG">MCNG</collectionCode>
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54730
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</specimenCode>
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, two males, 20-26.2 mm SL, and two females, 23.6-25.7 mm SL.
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<specimenCode id="44F022F9AAB55CD026C1FDD3FDC1EB8B">
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<collectionCode id="D957A87F3699253F642EA6E56B112DF9">MBUCV-V-</collectionCode>
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32971
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</specimenCode>
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, one male,18.5 mm SL, and two females, 21-24.8 mm SL.
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<specimenCode id="E7C077B2EE0FD16D23F7D197E7D99450">
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<collectionCode id="71272AEBC7517E7A4E7C550AAC4E793B" collectionName="USA, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences">ANSP</collectionCode>
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182913
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</specimenCode>
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two males 16.6-21.6 mm SL and two females, 20.9-24.3 mm SL.
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<specimenCode id="551F1AE21B3F67725370807142CC6F55">
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<collectionCode id="9013773DDC2D480AB8C19A07375EBF6D" collectionName="MCNG">MCNG</collectionCode>
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54731
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</specimenCode>
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three males 21.0-24.1 mm SL and four females 19.3-31.6 mm SL, collected with holotype and kept alive; later preserved in 95% ethyl alcohol.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="CD0AC831546F16B3697E47AA039246B4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480890" collectingDate="2005-12-02" collectionCode="MHNLS-" collectorName="C. Lasso, O. Leon-Mata, J. Mora" country="Venezuela" latitude="5.3283334" location="Orinoco River basin, Caroni River system, Waimesapaken Creek, right bank tributary of the Paragua River, downstream from CVG-EDELCA camp in Karun" longitude="-63.415836" specimenCode="MHNLS-18937" stateProvince="Bolivar" typeStatus="Paratype">
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<specimenCode id="33F26A50E5AEB71DCDC59219CF8C75CB">
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<collectionCode id="9D6ED57B81FA8612F4AD73D8E15F71B5">MHNLS-</collectionCode>
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18937
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</specimenCode>
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||
, one female, 15.1 mm SL;
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<location id="9525BFF3D7ACDFC1593F24AFD3AA97B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F180CF9C131BCB1C55C850637081CA52:9525BFF3D7ACDFC1593F24AFD3AA97B0" country="Venezuela" latitude="5.3283334" longitude="-63.415836" name="Waimesapaken Creek, right bank tributary of the Paragua River, downstream from CVG-EDELCA camp in Karun">
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<normalizedToken id="D39B6E9368FE01630B6C92DFEC76E4EE" originalValue="Waimesapakén">Waimesapaken</normalizedToken>
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Creek, right bank tributary of the Paragua River, downstream from CVG-EDELCA camp in
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<normalizedToken id="1887C32C086FE7474605BAE52D600338" originalValue="Karún">Karun</normalizedToken>
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||
</location>
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, approximately
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||
<geoCoordinate id="8EB4DA0472EC0849BAC2CEF3F5FBFB6C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="5.3283334">05°19’42”N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="2260477A00B80FA01D3F5F075182CEE5" direction="west" orientation="longitude" value="-63.415836">63°24’57”W</geoCoordinate>
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; 320 m a. s. l.;
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<collectorName id="732446D1A61DF61EB605F29D48C578CC">
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C. Lasso, O.
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<normalizedToken id="4A596B18BCDC1BC50697C517D15F183D" originalValue="León-Mata">Leon-Mata</normalizedToken>
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and J. Mora
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||
</collectorName>
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||
;
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<collectingDate id="BF0CA33B4F6342D0C78395B7332F4465" day="02" month="12" value="2005-12-02" year="2005">2 December 2005</collectingDate>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="706BA23BDECD8D14C971BC4BFD15CB6E" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7FBBFC80DC99DCC8823DF373E1EE5D65" pageNumber="23">
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Diagnosis. Differs from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="32D28B5A513339B54F13899216E0E3F0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins short in males; caudal fin truncate, with upper and lower edges black in adult males; a large iridescent blue horizontally ovate spot present on sides of body above and behind pectoral fin in males; ocellated caudal spot absent in all individuals examined only one contact organ per scale, present on some scales of flanks.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6817E79E68371BC5B491E95C0BDD87F6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="45000C6BDB7CBBFB25E3AB119771A625" pageNumber="23">Description. Meristic and morphometric data for holotype and 20 paratypes are given in Table 1.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C819731475E4CCC71BF29F55EED3335D" pageNumber="23">
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A small species of
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<taxonomicName id="278E392926EC3AC7858D84AD033A51FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
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(mean [including holotype]: 23.5 mm SL). Figures 1 and 2 show the sexual dimorphism apparent in this species, which includes differences in color of body and fins, and shape of the caudal fin. Fins short, the pectorals not reaching origin of pelvics, and pelvics not reaching origin of anal fin. Dorsal and anal fins not reaching base of caudal fin. Only in two males, 33.8 and 34 mm SL, did pelvic fins reach anal-fin origin, and folded dorsal just barely touching base of caudal fin. Caudal fin truncate in adult males over 25 mm SL (figure 1), rounded in smaller males and in all females (figures 2 and 3). All fins without filaments or extensions. Caudal peduncle relatively deep (mean = 0.13 SL). Head squamation pattern similar to F-scale pattern of Hoedeman (1958) and Thomerson et al. (1992) and further described by Huber (1992) as S-pattern. Two or three scales extending into caudal fin after termination of lateral scale series. One contact organ per scale present on some scales of the lateral series on sides.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="253821A76007D6E7D99858A11D75191E" lastPageNumber="25" pageNumber="24">Life colors (adult males). See Figure 2. Body light brown, darker brown on dorsum, tan, pink to white on belly. The outstanding feature of adult males is a bright, shiny, horizontally ovate sky-blue spot, just above and behind pectoral fin base and posterior to opercle. Apparently depending on lighting, mood and maturity of the individual fish, the scales on remainder of lateral sides show bright, shiny blue pigment, which in intensely colored fish can cause the sides to become an almost solid shiny blue, or in pale individuals can be reduced to the center of just a few shiny scales on posterior portion of body, sometimes aligned into chevron patterns that open posteriorly. Dorsum shiny golden in brightly colored fish, yellow or tan in less intensively colored individuals; in the latter, a series of brown spots may be present from above eye and along dorsum to caudal peduncle. In some males there is a patch of shiny golden to yellow pigment just anterior to the blue patch on upper part of opercle and anterior part of flank. Head golden or tan above, cheek tan or pale white, sometimes with shiny blue streaks. Eye yellow, golden or whitish, with a darker brown arc on upper edge. Dorsal fin with three or four alternately angled horizontal rows of light and dark spots; the dark spots often wine-red or reddish brown, the light spots yellow or shiny blue. Caudal fin with alternating semi-circular rows of reddish and shiny blue spots, and edged dorsally and ventrally with a jet-black band. In some individuals the rear margin of this fin is yellowish, and in other reddish. In less intensively colored fish, caudal fin with pink fin rays, interspersed with clear membranes. Anal fin white or pink along base, anterior portion bright yellow or golden, rear portion blue-green or blue; many individuals with one or more rows of reddish spots parallel to fin base. Anal fin edged in black in some individuals. Ventral fins blue or green, with yellow or shiny blue spots. Pectorals fin clear.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C12E8250B4B20AE7543F7584D0C6CE9D" lastPageNumber="26" pageNumber="25">Life colors (adult females). See Figure 2. Females have a color pattern similar to adult males, but with colors much more subdued. Body basically colored tan or brown, darker dorsally, fading to pink or white on belly. Some scales on dorsum with dark brown centers that form an irregular row from eye to caudal peduncle along dorsum. Flanks with three to six rows of light scales, whitish or light blue. Intense spot of centrally located pigment posterior to opercle either greenish, bluish or golden, and sometimes absent in frightened individuals or in fish kept in intense light. Eye golden or white, darker dorsally. Dorsal fin with rows of light yellow, blue or green spots, alternating with darker rows of brown or reddish spots. Caudal fin lacking the black stripes seen in males, yellowish or clear with flecks of shiny yellow, blue or green. Anal fin yellowish, in some individuals green anteriorly and blue posteriorly, with faint rows or brown spots on membranes between rays. Ventral fins yellowish, green or blue. No ‘rivulus’ spot present at any life stage.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F3DD6E1FF659F9432830EDDD9E051520" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="589EADE744F7A97DACD4D676E004CEF2" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Distribution. Known only from the type locality and surrounding area within the Paragua River system of the upper Caroni River drainage, Orinoco River basin, within
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F1D7580FCD7A21D7D291700BDA37B6C9" originalValue="Bolívar">Bolivar</normalizedToken>
|
||
State, Venezuela. Documented localities include two small tributaries of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6F99187C2EF28F5D660B61A402A1EF65" originalValue="Ichún">Ichun</normalizedToken>
|
||
River, which flows into the Paragua River, and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A1C97992BF7DDD66EB6D748DE0040B25" originalValue="Waimesapakén">Waimesapaken</normalizedToken>
|
||
Creek, also a tributary of the upper Paragua.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FEC8BF6729FA5D6E1AB582F215554C70" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="67A0260F1D80605846038A2873762009" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Habitat.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92B794100797E21232EA118A2A341247" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">Rivulus sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from isolated pools (about 5 cm depth) of the flooded margins of small clear-water creeks situated over a sandy to muddy substrate with abundant leaf litter. The water temperature was 24°C; the pH was acidic (between 4.5 and 5.2) and saturated with oxygen (7.3 to 7.4 mg/l); with very low conductivity (between 9.8 and 16.3 microsiemens/cm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C60211FB123AA89E2FCE570A7182C02F" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9C4982ADE9677806E39F25B44048576" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Etymology. This species is named to honor the local indigenous people of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CC4039BB5913891EB3EDFC803D3E85E" originalValue="Sapé">Sape</normalizedToken>
|
||
tribe, inhabitants of the upper Paragua River system,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B31442FB27173B2E6EDB23A2228D0485" originalValue="Caroní">Caroni</normalizedToken>
|
||
River drainage, where the fish was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48550CC75126EAD86B62776125A17589" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8E81AF9C47A39E2DC5E4B1629FE9829B" pageNumber="27">Discussion</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0238CDA955ED5F49D0A0D843F9808BF1" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D90143B133CCE8D007712F01EDCFB1D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">Rivulus sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the fourth species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E270408182BC80C72665E64870323748" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3561025DB87179C035F7716E8A1D5E52" originalValue="Caroní">Caroni</normalizedToken>
|
||
River drainage. The other members of the genus known from the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="21F58E69BBDDA42BE1D499BAC07EC3D4" originalValue="Caroní">Caroni</normalizedToken>
|
||
drainage are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81A0F01DA16D67FB9738574F64B17706" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5667AFB0-869D-44D2-9686-7CBA1A0114EE" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn 1991:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lyricauda">Rivulus lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp and Taphorn</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1991, described from the Carrao River in the vicinity of Canaima; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E256D1313A2C01EA17F93562FF9508D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6682190D-4BFC-4AB6-B2A1-3A19A95CD22D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus gransabanae Lasso, Taphorn & Thomerson 1992:298" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gransabanae">Rivulus gransabanae Lasso, Taphorn and Thomerson</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1992, described from the elevated plains of the Gran Sabana. The remaining species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E87A8A75C50970977EB148DB6B364929" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58A563DB-CD44-49E6-8757-EF2D9F1C0B95" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus deltaphilus Seegers 1983:39" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deltaphilus">Rivulus deltaphilus Seegers</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1983, in contrast to the other three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D38858D83F23E03AE10D94FACE01A45" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species mentioned, is found in lowland regions of the lower Orinoco River floodplains, including the lower
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1F8C5079E8E4477781AFC5AF463C6973" originalValue="Caroní">Caroni</normalizedToken>
|
||
River (Lasso et al., 2005). The relatively deep caudal peduncle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53AE6404D8E3E3D2BC043D4DB8E6FFC3" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">Rivulus sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean in males 0.131, females: 0.127, given as thousandths of SL) is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81D7F79E546DA3630289333ECD8FCE05" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5667AFB0-869D-44D2-9686-7CBA1A0114EE" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn 1991:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lyricauda">R. lyricauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean 0.146 in males, and 0.134 in females) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AC370834C4456FF6E57EB6F2508BEEB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6682190D-4BFC-4AB6-B2A1-3A19A95CD22D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus gransabanae Lasso, Taphorn & Thomerson 1992:298" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gransabanae">R. gransabanae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean 0.150 in males, and 0.140 in females), as are the truncate caudal fin in males, and their relatively small body size. It differs from these two species, however, in lacking the filamentous extensions of the fin rays of the ventral, dorsal and caudal fins; in having more lateral scales (32-36) than all other species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76B018F974F93D72C3CD30565C8F980E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5667AFB0-869D-44D2-9686-7CBA1A0114EE" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn 1991:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lyricauda">R. lyricauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
(29-32), as well as shorter dorsal and anal fins, (mean = 0.173 in males, and 0.152 in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07E470BA5235B85B1A37A2511E5D6ADD" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">R. sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males 0.231 and females 0.210 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39B6A781F2D52966FC77D1A0B77F5669" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5667AFB0-869D-44D2-9686-7CBA1A0114EE" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn 1991:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lyricauda">R. lyricauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and males 0.282 and females 0.240 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="551C12B916B5D8F24BB7140B0BEA9B19" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6682190D-4BFC-4AB6-B2A1-3A19A95CD22D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus gransabanae Lasso, Taphorn & Thomerson 1992:298" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gransabanae">R. gransabanae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). No other killifish has the distinctive blue spot observed on the body of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83BEAF53B75707116D1E472201D94140" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">R. sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the color pattern in the caudal fin of adult males, which consists of black stripes along the upper and lower margins, with the center filled with red and blue mottling. These features distinguishes it from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A8900B92C3687F38B82F031BD71D39C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6682190D-4BFC-4AB6-B2A1-3A19A95CD22D" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus gransabanae Lasso, Taphorn & Thomerson 1992:298" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gransabanae">R. gransabanae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has a dusky caudal fin with a metallic blue stripe; as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94CBDDF263F28CB5F62B6AC2459FEEB0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5667AFB0-869D-44D2-9686-7CBA1A0114EE" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus lyricauda Thomerson, Berkenkamp & Taphorn 1991:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lyricauda">R. lyricauda</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the distinctively lyre shaped caudal fin has yellow or blue filaments extended above and below that are narrowly edged with black, but in which the distal margin is edged with black and shows an orange crescent along its base. In marked contrast to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8CDFDDAEB2F798EE58C16D96B47A609" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">R. sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1EFA538BBA45EA682F09B7C60BAD0068" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58A563DB-CD44-49E6-8757-EF2D9F1C0B95" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus deltaphilus Seegers 1983:39" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deltaphilus">Rivulus deltaphilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has white stripes along the dorsal and ventral margins of the caudal fin and reaches a much larger size as adults (more than 50 mm SL). Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4818BE402AB46D7B0C1749D07240BC8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58A563DB-CD44-49E6-8757-EF2D9F1C0B95" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus deltaphilus Seegers 1983:39" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deltaphilus">R. deltaphilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have about six series of red dots along the sides, and females have an ocellus on the dorsal portion of the caudal peduncle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="927C3D35752E86767E562B5985094A4F" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The contact organs observed on some scales of the lateral series in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82A49A0FB9E206A917BD07995DF57924" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">Rivulus sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A7FB83512E092C133148E0AC53BF221" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB932953-4461-47B1-9ABE-7FF68B5B63D9" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus immaculatus Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn 1991:323" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculatus">Rivulus immaculatus Thomerson, Nico and Taphorn</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1991, a species described from the Venamo River, a tributary of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A613BCBC62C3FF86E2788D708AAB2974" originalValue="Cuyuní">Cuyuni</normalizedToken>
|
||
River of the Essequibo River basin. In that species, however, there are two or three contact organs per scale instead of just one per scale, as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B257E3E0FECFB241EE0A6518D960817" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">R. sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DF46E3F7D89F27B00FD5A4E3A152438" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB932953-4461-47B1-9ABE-7FF68B5B63D9" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus immaculatus Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn 1991:323" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immaculatus">Rivulus immaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
also shares the short dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins, and black borders of the caudal fin observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C079DAB3135E2CD5311FD40F29941881" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">R. sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but differs in having seven pelvic-fin rays instead of six as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E52DD89E0D527F005719D8E83FA97B3E" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">R. sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in having a rounded caudal fin in males, and females with a heavily spotted body and fins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE5768EB8BC536C89331950FDC203671" pageNumber="27">
|
||
The truncate caudal fin shape of males, an important character in this group, is also seen in other Guyana Shield
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82D4A8529DA71FDD490D3381FB5C41C2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7737CC47-FB47-4DAF-87C2-18950BAD40FA" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus Poey 1860:307" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rivulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C16A1B733D4EC311C5A6728A5DECFF57" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F695CCB-F36C-4D87-A484-3D422BB7A184" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus tecminae Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn 1992:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tecminae">Rivulus tecminae Thomerson, Nico and Taphorn</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1992, which was described from the Sipapo River of the upper Orinoco basin, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3BA06809791741088942A5EB1071BC8F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1872DED-5792-41AB-AE50-EAFAAE1B5FE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus torrenticola Vermeulen & Isbrücker 2000:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torrenticola">
|
||
Rivulus torrenticola Vermeulen and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="51150C4C40CC69423E6CD7AAECC117A3" originalValue="Isbrücker">Isbruecker</normalizedToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2000, described from the Kamarang River system of the Mazaruni-Essequibo drainage in Guyana.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D45EE56B90C5EE8CA6F9F885ED4E4B25" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sape">Rivulus sape</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be differentiated from those species by: the absence of an imbricate head scale pattern (which is characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22699633F3D5D9D3080451086BD4A06C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F695CCB-F36C-4D87-A484-3D422BB7A184" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus tecminae Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn 1992:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tecminae">R. tecminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); presence of short pelvic fins, in which the tips of the rays do not reach the anal-fin insertion; and by the presence of six pelvic-fin rays (seven in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15611ED894FA9C64DDFDA444A44989D8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1872DED-5792-41AB-AE50-EAFAAE1B5FE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus torrenticola Vermeulen & Isbrücker 2000:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torrenticola">R. torrenticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
). There are also notable differences in color pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC1736DE59CC6281E1B1B5321513260B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2F695CCB-F36C-4D87-A484-3D422BB7A184" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus tecminae Thomerson, Nico & Taphorn 1992:290" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tecminae">R. tecminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has green stripes of varying thickness (thickness of stripes depending upon gender) over a reddish background along the sides of the body; the caudal fin of males with a yellow ventral border; and a large, ocellated black spot at the base of the caudal fin of females. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEF33A2DBEB78766A7581FB0957F2CF2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C1872DED-5792-41AB-AE50-EAFAAE1B5FE0" family="Rivulidae" genus="Rivulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Rivulus torrenticola Vermeulen & Isbrücker 2000:186" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torrenticola">R. torrenticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
the caudal fin is translucent, with a reddish dorsum and ventrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |