169 lines
20 KiB
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169 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6FDEA2184465BD94D7B3151E058EB194">The fossil record of the family Benthopectinidae (Echinodermata, Asteroidea), a reappraisal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E864C4354DC29E3EF4DD0253F4613B2C">Gale, Andy S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ABAFD01DD17CCA662CE54BFCD6893644">Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO 13 QL, United Kingdom. Natuurhistorisch Museum Maastricht, De Bosquetplein 6 - 7, 6211 KJ Maastricht, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="03F2CE1B84979B6AD35BBC938D438AED" type="email">andy.gale@port.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0DD0C83CE0DAA50A14D22191F2D9E6D7">Jagt, John W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E81410A27B0E325CD35DEF96338F4CEF">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F160A367716FFFA8FD927014FB9B23AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5032996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183195101" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5032996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F160A367716FFFA8FD927014FB9B23AE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F160A367716FFFA8FD927014FB9B23AE" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<subSubSection id="31D341FA716FFFABFD927014FC1F2714" box="[613,975,1809,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFD927014FC1F2714" blockId="25.[613,975,1809,1836]" box="[613,975,1809,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<heading id="223EA51D716FFFABFD927014FC1F2714" box="[613,975,1809,1836]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716FFFABFD407017FC1F2714" ID-CoL="94L5V" authority="Gale, 2005" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2005" box="[695,975,1809,1836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" genus="Chrispaulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFD407017FC962714" bold="true" box="[695,838,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Chrispaulia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80716FFFABFCB97017FC1F2714" author="Gale A. S." box="[846,975,1809,1836]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" pagination="383 - 397" refId="ref16736" refString="Gale A. S. 2005. Chrispaulia, a new genus of mud star (Asteroidea, Goniopectinidae) from the Cretaceous of England. Geological Journal 40: 383 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / gj. 1019" type="journal article" year="2005">Gale, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31D341FA716FFFABFF4A7051FDBB2749" box="[189,619,1879,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A7051FDBB2749" blockId="25.[189,619,1879,1906]" box="[189,619,1879,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="59D9355F716FFFABFF4A7051FDBB2749" box="[189,619,1879,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<treatmentCitation id="F8683460716FFFABFF4A7051FE222749" author="Gale A. S." box="[189,498,1879,1906]" page="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" year="2005">
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716FFFABFF4A7051FE222749" ID-CoL="94L5V" authority="Gale, 2005: 2" authorityName="Gale" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="2005" box="[189,498,1879,1906]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" genus="Chrispaulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFF4A7051FE992749" box="[189,329,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Chrispaulia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80716FFFABFEA77051FE222749" author="Gale A. S." box="[336,498,1879,1906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" pagination="383 - 397" refId="ref16736" refString="Gale A. S. 2005. Chrispaulia, a new genus of mud star (Asteroidea, Goniopectinidae) from the Cretaceous of England. Geological Journal 40: 383 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / gj. 1019" type="journal article" year="2005">Gale, 2005: 2</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 4a–c.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31D341FA716FFFABFF4A709AFB8927D0" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A709AFE88278E" blockId="25.[189,344,1948,1974]" box="[189,344,1948,1974]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<heading id="223EA51D716FFFABFF4A709AFE88278E" bold="true" box="[189,344,1948,1974]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFF4A709AFE88278E" bold="true" box="[189,344,1948,1974]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<typeStatus id="A672ACD3716FFFABFF4A709AFF2A278E" box="[189,250,1948,1974]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79761271716FFFABFF4A70C8FB8927D0" blockId="25.[189,1113,1998,2025]" box="[189,1113,1998,2025]" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716FFFABFF4A70C8FDB427D1" ID-CoL="8LSLC" authority="Spencer, 1905" authorityName="Spencer" authorityYear="1905" box="[189,612,1998,2025]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Nymphaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="25" pageNumber="174" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="radiatus">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716FFFABFF4A70C8FE6427D0" box="[189,436,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Nymphaster radiatus</emphasis>
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Spencer, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation (see
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<figureCitation id="E1F20EF4716FFFABFC4A70C8FB9C27D0" box="[957,1100,1998,2024]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1328,1354]" captionTargetId="figure-15@16.[189,1398,283,1870]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 7 (next page). A–J. Jurapecten infrajurensis sp. nov., various ossicle types (paratypes). A, H. Ambulacrals, in lateral and actinal aspects, respectively (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 21,SNSB- BGSP2020XLV 28). B, E–F. Adambulacrals, in actinal and abactinal views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 22, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 25–26). C, G, J. Superomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 23, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 27, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 30). D, I. Inferomarginals, in lateral views (SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 24, SNSB-BGSP2020XLV 29). — K–Y. Jurapecten hessi Gale, 2011. K, P, U. Adambulacral ossicles. K. Abactinal view (NHMUK PI EE 17996). P. NHMUK EE 13598 (the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 fig. 11). U. NHMUK EE 13599, the original of Gale (2011a: pl. 20 fig. 12). L. Circumoral ossicle (NHMUK EE 13605, the original of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 fig. 13). M–N. Ambulacral ossicles, in actinal and abactinal views, respectively (NHMUK EE 13595–13596, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 19 figs 8–9). O. Ambulacral, in proximal/distal view (NHMUK 13597). Q–S. Superomarginal ossicles (NHMUK EE 13601–13602; the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 6–7). T, V–W. Inferomarginals (NHMUK EE 13600, EE 13603–13604, EE 13608, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 5, 8, 16). X–Y. Oral ossicles (NHMUK EE 13606– 13607, the originals of Gale 2011a: pl. 20 figs 10, 14). Provenance: A–J. Upper Toarcian–lower Aalenian (possibly aalensis ammonite Zone), Quedlinburg (Landkreis Harz, northern Germany; see Hess 2014). K–Y. Upper Oxfordian (Couches d’Effingen, bifurcatus ammonite Zone, stenocycloides ammonite Subzone), Savigna, near Orgelet, Département du Jura, France (Gale 2011b). Abbreviations: d = distal; p = proximal. See Fig. 3 for detailed morphological terminology. Scale bars: A–J = 0.2 mm; K–Y = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5036870" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5036870/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="174">Fig. 13A–C</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="31D341FA716CFFA8FF4A760EFBE321B9" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="79761271716CFFA8FF4A760EFEE6211A" blockId="26.[189,310,264,290]" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">
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<heading id="223EA51D716CFFA8FF4A760EFEE6211A" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FF4A760EFEE6211A" bold="true" box="[189,310,264,290]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="79761271716CFFA8FF4A763BFBE321B9" blockId="26.[189,1399,317,385]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">
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||
Arms long, narrow; disc small, with rounded interbrachial arcs; superomarginals meeting over radius along length of arm; distal marginals imbricate (emended from
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<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80716CFFA8FC5F7660FBF721B9" author="Gale A. S." box="[936,1063,358,385]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" pagination="383 - 397" refId="ref16736" refString="Gale A. S. 2005. Chrispaulia, a new genus of mud star (Asteroidea, Goniopectinidae) from the Cretaceous of England. Geological Journal 40: 383 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / gj. 1019" type="journal article" year="2005">Gale 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="31D341FA716CFFA8FF4A76ABFE1D221D" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="79761271716CFFA8FF4A76ABFE5B21FF" blockId="26.[189,395,429,455]" box="[189,395,429,455]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<heading id="223EA51D716CFFA8FF4A76ABFE5B21FF" bold="true" box="[189,395,429,455]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FF4A76ABFE5B21FF" bold="true" box="[189,395,429,455]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Assigned species</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="79761271716CFFA8FF4A76E4FE1D221D" blockId="26.[189,1399,481,549]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">
|
||
In addition to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A672ACD3716CFFA8FE6776E4FE1321C4" box="[400,451,482,508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">type</typeStatus>
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||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716CFFA8FDD876E7FB8921C3" ID-CoL="94LDN" authority="Gale, 2011" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[559,1113,481,507]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" genus="Chrispaulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="jurassica">
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||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FDD876E7FCFF21C3" box="[559,815,481,507]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Chrispaulia jurassica</emphasis>
|
||
Gale, 2011 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80716CFFA8FC3176E7FB8121C3" author="Gale A. S." box="[966,1105,481,507]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref16782" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. The phylogeny of post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea (Neoasteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale 2011a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716CFFA8FB9076E4FAC521C3" authority="Gale & Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale & Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[1127,1301,481,508]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" genus="Chrispaulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wrightorum" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FB9076E4FAC521C3" box="[1127,1301,481,508]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">C. wrightorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716CFFA8FAEB76E4FAA721C4" box="[1308,1399,482,508]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716CFFA8FF18750DFEBB221C" authority="Gale & Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale & Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[239,363,523,549]" class="Asteroidea" family="Benthopectinidae" genus="Mistia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinosa" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FF18750DFEBB221C" box="[239,363,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">C. spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716CFFA8FE85750DFE1D221D" box="[370,461,523,549]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="31D341FA716CFFA8FF4A7554FB9B23AE" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="79761271716CFFA8FF4A7554FEFF2254" blockId="26.[189,303,594,620]" box="[189,303,594,620]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">
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||
<heading id="223EA51D716CFFA8FF4A7554FEFF2254" bold="true" box="[189,303,594,620]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FF4A7554FEFF2254" bold="true" box="[189,303,594,620]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="79761271716CFFA8FF4A7580FB9B23AE" blockId="26.[187,1399,646,918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">
|
||
The record in the
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FE5C7581FCA92298" box="[427,889,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology</emphasis>
|
||
(Part U;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D586F80716CFFA8FC0B7580FAFB2299" author="Spencer W. K. & Wright C. W." box="[1020,1323,646,673]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" pagination="107" refId="ref17557" refString="Spencer W. K. & Wright C. W. 1966. Asterozoans. In: Moore R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part U, Echinodermata 3: U 4 - U 107. The Geological Society of America and The University of Kansas Press, Boulder, CO and Lawrence, KS." type="book chapter" year="1966">Spencer & Wright 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of a benthopectinid from the “Albian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01DE52E1716CFFA8FDAA75A9FD1222F1" box="[605,706,687,713]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
” is based on an arm fragment from the Albian Red Chalk of Yorkshire,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01DE52E1716CFFA8FECC75DEFDD022CA" box="[315,512,728,754]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
(C.W. Wright, pers. comm. to ASG, 1978). We have examined this specimen (NHMUK PI EE 17997), which comprises five marginal ossicles reconstructed on plasticene. The shape of the ossicles indicates that this specimen belongs to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716CFFA8FC38742CFB8B237C" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2005" box="[975,1115,810,836]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" genus="Chrispaulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FC38742CFB8B237C" box="[975,1115,810,836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Chrispaulia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it is here described as a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEC969F2716CFFA8FE807455FDF72355" authority="Gale & Jagt, 2021" authorityName="Gale & Jagt" authorityYear="2021" box="[375,551,851,877]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniopectinidae" genus="Chrispaulia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wrightorum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4BBDCE63716CFFA8FE807455FDF72355" box="[375,551,851,877]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">C. wrightorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="508E7318716CFFA8FDC67455FD5F2355" box="[561,655,851,877]" pageId="26" pageNumber="175" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(see below). In addition, we record another species from the Hauterivian (Lower Cretaceous) of northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01DE52E1716CFFA8FD24747AFCE523AE" box="[723,821,892,918]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="01DE52E1716CFFA8FC2F747AFB9723AE" box="[984,1095,892,918]" name="Germany" pageId="26" pageNumber="175">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |