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<mods:title id="990A6B2066F92449081DDE1BB0DED103">An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7416214F5469ABDDF35AEFB37F96E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8273819" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212449917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8273819" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7416214F5469ABDDF35AEFB37F96E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7416214F5469ABDDF35AEFB37F96E" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABDDF35AEFE2BFC77" box="[151,486,978,1005]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABDDF35AEFE2BFC77" blockId="173.[151,486,978,1005]" box="[151,486,978,1005]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABDDF35AEFE2BFC77" bold="true" box="[151,486,978,1005]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABDA635AEFE2BFC77" ID-CoL="5MRR" ID-ENA="511881" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" box="[238,486,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABDA635AEFE4AFC76" bold="true" box="[238,391,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Megalocaria</emphasis>
Crotch
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABDDF326BFE08FBB4" box="[151,453,1047,1071]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABDDF326BFE08FBB4" blockId="173.[151,1436,1047,1133]" box="[151,453,1047,1071]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABDDF326BFE0CFBB4" ID-CoL="5MRR" authority="Crotch, 1871: 6" authorityName="Crotch" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,449,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABDDF326BFED7FBB4" box="[151,282,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Megalocaria</emphasis>
Crotch, 1871: 6
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABC833264FAD2FBB4" box="[459,1311,1047,1073]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABC833264FAD2FBB4" blockId="173.[151,1436,1047,1133]" box="[459,1311,1047,1073]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<typeStatus id="54D54ED614F5469ABC833264FE30FBAB" box="[459,509,1048,1072]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABF12326BFCBBFBB4" authority="Mulsant, 1850" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1850" box="[602,886,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Neda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichei">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABF12326BFD16FBB4" box="[602,731,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Neda reichei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F5469ABFAA326BFCBBFBB4" author="Mulsant, E." box="[738,886,1047,1071]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="1 - 1104" refId="ref117842" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres Trimeres Securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, publiees par la Societe nationale d'Agriculture, etc., de Lyon, Deuxieme Serie, 2, 1 - 1104. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8953" type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F5469AB96D3264FAD6FBB4" author="Slipinski, A. &amp; Li, J. &amp; Pang, H." box="[1061,1307,1047,1073]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref122780" refString="Slipinski, A., Li, J. &amp; Pang, H. (2020) Ladybird Beetles of the Australo-Pacific Region Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486303885" type="book" year="2020">
Ślipiński
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469AB9CD3264FB7FFBB4" box="[1157,1202,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
. 2020: 78
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABDDF324AFDC1FBF7" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABDDF324AFDC1FBF7" blockId="173.[151,1436,1047,1133]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABDDF324AFED0FBD5" box="[151,285,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Archaeoneda</emphasis>
Crotch, 1874: 169.
<typeStatus id="54D54ED614F5469ABCAF324AFDD4FBD5" box="[487,537,1078,1102]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABF3E324AFC13FBD5" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[630,990,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABF3E324AFCFAFBD5" box="[630,823,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Coccinella tricolor</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1787
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.—Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F5469ABD8F3228FDC5FBF7" author="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M." box="[199,520,1108,1133]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref114042" refString="Iablokoff-Khnzorian, S. M. (1982) Les Coccinelles Coleopteres-Coccinellidae. Tribu Coccinellini des regions Palearctique et Orientale. Boubee, Paris, 568 pp. [in French]" type="book" year="1982">Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 520</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABDDF32E6FC3EFA2A" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABDDF32E6FC3EFA2A" blockId="173.[151,1437,1178,1781]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABDDF32E6FEDFFB2F" bold="true" box="[151,274,1178,1204]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Size large (
<quantity id="4C965D9114F5469ABCDD32E7FDCCFB2E" box="[405,513,1179,1205]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="9.0">9–18 mm</quantity>
long), form round, dorsum strongly convex and glabrous. Head with eyes strongly divergent apically, closer near vertex than near clypeus; anterior clypeal margin straight between lateral projections (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F5469ABDD7329FFEDEFB66" box="[159,275,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Fig. 123c</figureCitation>
); antennal grooves straight and long, reaching distinctly beyond eyes. Antenna 11-segmented (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F5469AB827329FFF1FFABA" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Fig. 123b</figureCitation>
), with a large scape and three-segmented club. Prothoracic hypomeron without foveae. Prosternal process with parallel carinae. Anterior margin of mesoventrite deeply emarginate. Elytra broadly explanate, without a marginal bead; epipleuron broad and concave, not foveolate. Middle and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs. Tarsal claw appendiculate.Abdominal postcoxal line (
<figureCitation id="1355ECF114F5469ABFA7330FFC96FA16" box="[751,859,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="174.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[211,1376,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-20@174.[198,1389,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="174" captionText="FIGURE 123. Megalocaria dilatata (Fabricius): a. adult, dorsal view; b. antenna; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal line; e. female genitalia: spermatheca; f–h. male genitalia: f. tegmen, ventral view; g. penis; h. penis apex." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8261941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8261941/files/figure.png" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Fig. 123d</figureCitation>
) incomplete, approaching posterior margin, without an associated line. Female genitalia with a distinct, prominent infundibulum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABD8F33C6FD8DFA62" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABD8F33C6FD8DFA62" blockId="173.[151,1437,1178,1781]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABD8F33C6FEACFA4F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1466,1492]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Distribution.</emphasis>
About 20 species are known exclusively from the Old World (Africa, Asia and the Australo-Pacific region) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F5469ABC03339CFDF9FA62" author="Slipinski, A. &amp; Li, J. &amp; Pang, H." box="[331,564,1503,1531]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref122780" refString="Slipinski, A., Li, J. &amp; Pang, H. (2020) Ladybird Beetles of the Australo-Pacific Region Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486303885" type="book" year="2020">
Ślipiński
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABCF033A3FE24FA62" box="[440,489,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABD8F307EFE5EF912" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABD8F307EFE5EF912" blockId="173.[151,1437,1178,1781]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABD8F307EFEF0F987" bold="true" box="[199,317,1538,1564]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Affinities.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F5469ABC0D307FFDBBF986" author="Tomaszewska, W. &amp; Escalona, H. E. &amp; Hartley, D. &amp; Li, J. &amp; Wang, X. &amp; Li, H. S. &amp; Pang, H. &amp; Slipinski, A. &amp; Zwick, A." box="[325,630,1539,1565]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" pagination="611 - 631" refId="ref123461" refString="Tomaszewska, W., Escalona, H. E., Hartley, D., Li, J., Wang, X., Li, H. S., Pang, H., Slipinski, A. &amp; Zwick, A. (2021) Phylogeny of true ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coccinellini) reveals pervasive convergent evolution and a rapid Cenozoic radiation. Systematic Entomology, 46, 611 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12479" type="journal article" year="2021">
Tomaszewska
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABCA2307FFDD1F986" box="[490,540,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
included it under the
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABE3A307FFC38F986" box="[882,1013,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Synonycha-</emphasis>
group of genera and recovered it as a sister-group of
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABC00305BFE04F9DA" box="[328,457,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABC00305BFE08F9DA" box="[328,453,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Synonycha</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The composition of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABFF5305BFC83F9DA" box="[701,846,1575,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABFF5305BFC83F9DA" box="[701,846,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Megalocaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its distinctiveness from related genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABDDF3037FEE6F9FF" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,299,1611,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Docimocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABDDF3037FEE6F9FF" box="[151,299,1611,1636]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Docimocaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABC743037FE05F9FE" authorityName="Crotch" authorityYear="1874" box="[316,456,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Anisolemnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABC743037FE05F9FE" box="[316,456,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Anisolemnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABC913037FD9FF9FE" box="[473,594,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synonycha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABC913037FD9FF9FE" box="[473,594,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Synonycha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other large-bodied
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABE223037FC3EF9FE" baseAuthorityName="Iablokoff-Khnzorian" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[874,1011,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Coccinellini">Coccinellini</taxonomicName>
are not clear and need further study (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF8D8514F5469ABDD7300CFE4AF912" author="Slipinski, A. &amp; Li, J. &amp; Pang, H." box="[159,391,1647,1675]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="ref122780" refString="Slipinski, A., Li, J. &amp; Pang, H. (2020) Ladybird Beetles of the Australo-Pacific Region Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Coccinellini. CSIRO Publishing, Clayton, Victoria, 240 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9781486303885" type="book" year="2020">
Ślipiński
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABC433013FEF1F912" box="[267,316,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374A3FF14F5469ABD8F30EFFB37F96E" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BD1F07414F5469ABD8F30EFFB37F96E" blockId="173.[151,1437,1178,1781]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABD8F30EFFE5EF937" bold="true" box="[199,403,1682,1709]" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Included species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABCD330EFFDE1F936" box="[411,556,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Megalocaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABCD330EFFDE1F936" box="[411,556,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">Megalocaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes some of the largest known ladybird beetles, some reaching up to
<quantity id="4C965D9114F5469AB8C830EFFF0EF94A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
in length and is represented by two species in the Indian subcontinent,
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469ABEA930CBFB90F94A" box="[993,1117,1719,1745]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatata">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469ABEA930CBFB90F94A" box="[993,1117,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">M. dilatata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F.) and
<taxonomicName id="4C6E8BF714F5469AB98930CBFF2BF96E" authority="Crotch" authorityName="Crotch" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Neda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="reichei" subSpecies="pearsoni">
<emphasis id="B91A2C6614F5469AB98930CBFA51F94B" box="[1217,1436,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="174">M. reichei pearsoni</emphasis>
Crotch
</taxonomicName>
, the first being more widespread and the second rare and restricted to the Eastern Himalayas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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