235 lines
18 KiB
XML
235 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca03b5fa-6408-4f9d-adbd-1b5a55827bd0" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-86-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650527" ID-ZooBank="5617D391397345709722E67A3EDF477E" ModsDocID="1314-2607-86-47" checkinTime="1635566795972" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kang, Ilgoo, Sharkey, Michael J. & Diaz, Rodrigo" docDate="2021" docId="30CAE1B9F5095AE49D2790B4D839E309" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 86: 47-61" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 86" docPubDate="2021-10-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690" docTitle="Schoenlandella montserratensis Kang, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1678756937562" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the genus Schoenlandella (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae) in the New World, with a potential biological control agent for a lepidopteran pest of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Ilgoo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8501-1758</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ikang1@lsu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sharkey, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-7340</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>The Hymenoptera Institute, 116 Franklin Ave., Redlands, CA, 92373, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Diaz, Rodrigo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5493-9548</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 404 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>86</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.86.72690</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-86-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">5617D391397345709722E67A3EDF477E</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C60B2ECFD8025577BCB4BF9F5E903455</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5650527</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189635782" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D22783D0-15B6-422E-9989-34760DA85579" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/30CAE1B9F5095AE49D2790B4D839E309" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D22783D0-15B6-422E-9989-34760DA85579" authority="Kang, sp. nov." authorityName="Kang, sp. nov." class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella montserratensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">Schoenlandella montserratensis Kang, sp. nov.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Fig. 4A-F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-01-01" collectingDateMax="2021-12-31" collectingDateMin="2021-01-01" collectorName="Elvis Gerald, Single" country="Montserrat" latitude="16.759497" location="Montserrat" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-62.217106" specimenCount="♀" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry name="Montserrat">Montserrat</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="34.19" value="16.759497">16°45'34.19"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.58" value="-62.217106">62°13'1.58"W</geoCoordinate>
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; leg.
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<collectorName>Elvis Gerald</collectorName>
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(Ref. CM-Mt-2019-41) woodlands, private farm.
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<collectorName>Single</collectorName>
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adult
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<collectedFrom>
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on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cucurbitaceae" genus="Momordica" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Momordica charantia" order="Cucurbitales" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="charantia">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Momordica charantia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</collectedFrom>
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L. (bitter melon), hand caught in a plastic pot
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<typeStatus>Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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same data as for holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella montserratensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella montserratensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. are distinguished from other New World
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species by having shorter malar space (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4C</figureCitation>
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); longer mouthparts (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4C</figureCitation>
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); stigma basally pale and apically melanic (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4F</figureCitation>
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); 3r vein of forewing present at basal half (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Body 4.21-4.40 mm. Forewing length: ~4.45 mm (holotype). Antenna length: ~3.25 mm (paratype).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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: Antenna 34-segmented (paratype). Eye length ~0.52
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its height (31:60). Malar space slightly shorter than basal width of mandible. Clypeus ~2.08
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its width (50:23); two clypeal tubercles with smooth margins. Galea ~2.12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than malar space in lateral view (36:17), apically narrowed.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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: Scutellar sulcus with five crenulae. Propodeal median transverse carina reaching lateral margin. Pronotum medially crenulate, ventrally costate. Mesopleuron mostly smooth; precoxal sulcus strongly crenulate with ~10 crenulae, not reaching posterior margin.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
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: Basal spur on mid tibia ~0.88
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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mid-basitarsus (30:34). Basal spur on hind tibia ~0.68
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than hind basitarsus (36:53). Hind basitarsus laterally broaden. Tarsal claw pectinate with five teeth; apical tooth obtuse, other remaining teeth sharp.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Wings</emphasis>
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: Forewing second submarginal cell width ~2.79
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than height (78:28); 3r apparently present at basal half and slightly curved; Rs angled at basal two-fifths; stigma about ~3.36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than wide medially (74:22); 1a absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4F</figureCitation>
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). Hind wing 2-1A absent (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Metasoma</emphasis>
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: Medial length of T1 ~2.68
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than medial length of T2 (59:22). Medial length of T2 ~0.20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than its apical width (22:110). T3 entirely smooth, ~1.27
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than T2 medially (28:22). Hypopygium surface entirely sclerotized with a distinct median longitudinal fold (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Schoenlandella montserratensis, sp. nov. A lateral habitus B dorsal habitus C anterior head D ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium E dorsal propodeum and mesonotum F wings; arrow: 3 r vein on forewing." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">4D</figureCitation>
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). Ovipositor slightly downcurved; protruded ovipositor sheath ~0.40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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longer than hind tarsus, broadened apically.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="color">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Color.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Body mostly pale orange; the following areas melanic: apical scape, pedicel, flagellomere, apical mandible, hind tarsus, external ovipositor sheaths. Wings entirely lightly infuscate, stigma dark brown at apical half.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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This species is named after the collecting site,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Montserrat”">"Montserrat"</normalizedToken>
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, a volcanic Caribbean Island.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Host.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Unknown but see details in the following discussion section.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella montserratensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella montserratensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is only known from Montserrat (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution map of S. montserratensis sp. nov. in Montserrat." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601058" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650533" doi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601058" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Distribution map of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. montserratensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">S. montserratensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. in Montserrat.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="5650535" doi="10.3897/jhr.86.72690.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/601059" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Schoenlandella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Schoenlandella montserratensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="montserratensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Schoenlandella montserratensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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lateral habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
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dorsal habitus
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
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anterior head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
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ventral metasoma; arrow: median fold on hypopygium
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
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dorsal propodeum and mesonotum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
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wings; arrow: 3r vein on forewing.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |