181 lines
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181 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13edfb51-0729-4496-abe6-ea4a7e54dabb" ID-PMC="PMC7253502" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-148-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81" ID-PubMed="32508506" ModsDocID="1314-2003-148-1" checkinTime="1590026307637" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Prasanna, Naibi Shrungeshwara & Gowda, Vinita" docDate="2020" docId="29198D6B730C585AB78C6253164F951A" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 148: 1-19" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 148" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772" docTitle="Didymocarpus lineicapsa B. L. Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21 (4): 187. 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery of four narrow endemic Didymocarpus species (Gesneriaceae) from Mizoram, India, with revised species descriptions and lectotypifications" masterLastPageNumber="19" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139798210" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rediscovery of four narrow endemic Didymocarpus species (Gesneriaceae) from Mizoram, India, with revised species descriptions and lectotypifications</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prasanna, Naibi Shrungeshwara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gowda, Vinita</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, 462066, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-0014</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gowdav@iiserb.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>148</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>19</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-148-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">74EE1B73C5A55DA8BAEF8A10D90AAC81</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164244851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:29198D6B730C585AB78C6253164F951A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/29198D6B730C585AB78C6253164F951A" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="29198D6B-730C-585A-B78C-6253164F951A" authority="(C. E. C. Fisch.) B. L. Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21 (4): 187. 1954." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Didymocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Didymocarpus lineicapsa" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">Didymocarpus lineicapsa (C.E.C.Fisch.) B.L.Burtt, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21(4): 187. 1954.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Didymocarpus lineicapsa (C. E. C. Fisch.) B. L. Burtt A habitat B habit C complete plant with emerging inflorescence. Old stem with dehisced capsules from previous season indicated by arrow D leaf adaxial and abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower (inset - tridentate calyx lobe) G floral dissection from left to right: open floral tube showing fused anthers, gynoecium with disc and ovary. Photographs by NSP." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412032" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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, Suppl. material 1: Fig. S1D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="basionym">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Basionym.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Trisepalum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trisepalum lineicapsa" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Trisepalum lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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C.E.C.Fisch., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928 (7): 276 (1928).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">India. Assam (= Mizoram): Lushai Hills, Aijal (= Aizawl), 1225 m, September 1927, Mrs N.E. Parry No.79, K (K000820539!).</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412032" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Gesneriaceae" genus="Didymocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Didymocarpus lineicapsa" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Didymocarpus lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(C.E.C.Fisch.) B.L.Burtt
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitat
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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complete plant with emerging inflorescence. Old stem with dehisced capsules from previous season indicated by arrow
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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leaf adaxial and abaxial surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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inflorescence
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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flower (inset - tridentate calyx lobe)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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floral dissection from left to right: open floral tube showing fused anthers, gynoecium with disc and ovary. Photographs by NSP.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Revised description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Terrestrial or epilithic herbs, to 15 cm tall, 1 to 4 stems arising from the same rhizome. Stems 3 to 15 cm long, 2-4 mm wide at base, erect, dark green, terete, densely tomentose with 3 to 4 celled eglandular hairs and sparsely interspersed globular, yellow pigment glands. Leaves 4-6 pairs, opposite and anisophyllous, decussate, often whorled at the top; petioles up to 2.7 cm long, terete, densely tomentose as on stem, sparsely covered with globular, yellow pigment glands; lamina 3-10 cm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5-3.5 cm, lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, lamina separated unequally by midrib, base oblique, apex acute; margin dentate, often entire towards the base, dorsal surface dark green, densely strigose with short eglandular hairs, ventral surface light green, strigose with yellow-glandular (colour as observed in dried specimen) and eglandular hairs, hairs more dense along the veins; midrib with 8-10 secondary veins on each side, sunken above, raised below. Inflorescence 1 to 4, axillary, spreading from upper leaves forming the whorl, erect, pair-flowered cymes (many-flowered), usually arising only from the axils of the 1-2 uppermost pairs of leaves; peduncle 1.5-6 cm long, up to 5 mm thickness (slender), sparsely covered with multicellular glandular and eglandular hairs; pedicel up to 2 cm long, pale pink, covered with multicellular glandular and eglandular hairs; bracteoles absent. Calyx 5-6.5 mm long, maroon coloured, tripartite; two segments up to 0.5 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, tip acute, free to base, held ventrally along the lower side of the corolla tube; third segment tridentate, up to 1.2 mm wide, held dorsal to the corolla tube, central tooth wider than the two lateral teeth; dorsal surface glandular-pubescent; ventral surface glabrous. Calyx not persistent. Corolla 1.5-1.8 cm long, ca.2.2 mm wide, tubular, light purple at base but dark purple towards throat and lobes. Corolla tube usually held perpendicular to the pedicel; corolla tube glabrous at base but with multicellular glandular hairs below the lobes, hairs sometimes present also on lower part of the lobes, corolla tube glabrous on the inside; corolla bi-lipped, total 5 lobes; upper lobes 2, 1.6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.1 mm, apices rounded; lower lobes 3, 6.5-7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5-4.5 mm, spreading at right angles to the upper lobes, middle lobe apex rounded, lateral lobes apices obtuse. Stamens 2, filament inserted at about 1/3rd of the length of the corolla tube; filaments 5-6 mm, glabrous, filament dark purple near the anthers, anthers dorsifixed, coherent by adaxial surfaces, glabrous; staminodes absent. Disc up to 2 mm, tubular, yellowish, glabrous, upper margin undulate, persistent. Gynoecium 10-11 mm, ovary white, linear, indistinct from stipe, glabrous; style ca. 2 mm glabrous; stigma dark purple, capitate. Capsule 1.5-2.5 cm long, linear/straight, glabrous, longitudinal dehiscence. Seeds data not available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="amendments to protologue">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amendments to protologue.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The protologue by Fischer indicates that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has bracts at each inflorescence fork ("
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">bracteae ad furcas</emphasis>
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"). However, we observed that the holotype and other subsequent collections by Parry, Wenger as well as our own collections (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Didymocarpus lineicapsa (C. E. C. Fisch.) B. L. Burtt A habitat B habit C complete plant with emerging inflorescence. Old stem with dehisced capsules from previous season indicated by arrow D leaf adaxial and abaxial surface E inflorescence F flower (inset - tridentate calyx lobe) G floral dissection from left to right: open floral tube showing fused anthers, gynoecium with disc and ovary. Photographs by NSP." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412032" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
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), do not have any bracts or bracteoles within the inflorescence. The protologue also mentions that
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a glabrous corolla tube, however all specimens including the type specimen have been found to be sparsely covered with multicellular, glandular hairs towards the lobes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. graciliflorus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graciliflorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. graciliflorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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R.W.MacGregor & W.W.Sm. in its vegetative morphology but differs due to the absence of bracteoles (ovate bracteoles present in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. graciliflorus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graciliflorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. graciliflorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and linear-lanceolate, tripartite calyx lobes (oblong 5-partite lobes in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. graciliflorus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="graciliflorus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. graciliflorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The type locality of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is near Aizawl in northern Mizoram and subsequent collections are known from throughout the state. In our expeditions, we could not locate any populations in its type locality or historical collection sites. However, we found three scattered populations in Mamit district of northern Mizoram which is at least 40 km away from its type locality (specimen numbers: VG2018MZ2581, VG2018MZ2584, VG2018MZ2585, VG2018MZ2596).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">These plants grow on steep clayey banks along the roads in partially shaded, tropical wet evergreen forests.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering in August to September, fruiting in October to January.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Conservation status and preliminary IUCN assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from only seven specimens collected from Mizoram, India, and it has not been recollected for the past 89 years. We carried out collection expeditions in the years 2017 and 2018 to the type location (Aizawl, Mizoram) as well as other historical collection sites (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map showing distribution records of the four rediscovered species of Didymocarpus Wall. (Gesneriaceae) in Mizoram, India. Solid symbols indicate historical collection sites and open symbols indicate extant populations. Hatched area represents southern Mizoram which is referred to as ' South Lushai hills' in the protologues and historical collections." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.148.49772.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/412030" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
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). All of the historical locations have undergone dramatic urbanization in the last eight decades and we could not find any population of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in any of these sites. Instead, we found only three disjunct populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="D. lineicapsa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="lineicapsa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. lineicapsa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a total of less than 1000 individuals, in Mamit district, Mizoram. All the extant populations are located in rapidly degrading, fragmented forests that do not fall under federally protected areas, and therefore we propose the conservation status of this species as vulnerable (VU) following the criteria D2 of IUCN guidelines (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Edinburgh Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" refId="B7" refString="IUCN, 2019. The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 14. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge. http://www.iucnredlist.org/" title="The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 14. IUCN Red List Unit, Cambridge." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |