174 lines
26 KiB
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174 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="B0F4016503AB2B9132450B1481106F8E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7171908" ID-ISSN="1944-8120" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7171908" ID-ZooBank="D981C4B1-710B-472A-91E1-AFFA52361ED0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1665281636395" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano & Hill, David E." docDate="2021" docId="03EF095C2B7A0445E84FFF0F2DE87D55" docLanguage="en" docName="Peckhamia.228.1.1-84.pdf" docOrigin="Peckhamia 228 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663.3:Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="D51240C417E9E8FB630023B3B140B663" docStyleName="Peckhamia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cosmophasis umbratica Simon 1903" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFD671242B570468EA57FFA22E07787C" masterDocTitle="Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="46" updateTime="1699378094290" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-ND-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A11024280DDB26874D65F855C2518922">
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<mods:title id="1F609BC6122C61F6608EC92777EDFB71">Three new jumping spiders of the genus Cosmophasis from Wallacea (Araneae: Salticidae: Chrysillini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C8ED8ABFBCA5F751BBD2807B89484B2">Hurni-Cranston, Tiziano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C77047264E53E8A52E3F32AD4EB941E2">Hill, David E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E853C326545A3502FD5D32AF9765735C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9F0C53456E0CDA9A9C7DA3FFC13A3B39">Peckhamia</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="25F079F88830B8672D5AA9166E1D9879">
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<mods:date id="55FA86B7018427CC2C0E827BCA1B7DE3">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E68C5B49F2E3CE1CA087C308AF86EEBD">2021-02-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ECD441C6B01B87C1A4222DF09D34FA6C">228</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="117015487B715BCD74480FA0E0E48BB7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7171908</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="66CBE502BCCF4AFA0E1FF9069C168C2D" type="ISSN">1944-8120</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF095C2B7A0445E84FFF0F2DE87D55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7169897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7169897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF095C2B7A0445E84FFF0F2DE87D55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF095C2B7A0445E84FFF0F2DE87D55" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<subSubSection id="C35CEBC12B7A0445E84FFF0F2A4E78B6" box="[536,1097,172,203]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF9B84A2B7A0445E84FFF0F2A4E78B6" blockId="45.[536,1097,172,234]" box="[536,1097,172,203]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<heading id="D0B10F262B7A0445E84FFF0F2A4E78B6" box="[536,1097,172,203]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445E84FFF0F2A4E78B6" bold="true" box="[536,1097,172,203]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445E86DFF0E2A4E78B6" ID-CoL="6B835" authority="Simon 1903" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[570,1097,172,203]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445E86DFF0E2D9578B6" bold="true" box="[570,914,172,203]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cosmophasis umbratica</emphasis>
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Simon 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35CEBC12B7A0445E83AFF702DE87D55" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF9B84A2B7A0445E83AFF702DF37896" blockId="45.[536,1097,172,234]" box="[621,1012,210,234]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<figureCitation id="137DA4CF2B7A0445E83AFF702D0B7896" box="[621,780,210,234]" captionStart-0="Figure 41" captionStart-1="Figure 42" captionStart-2="Figure 43" captionStart-3="Figure 44" captionStart-4="Figure 45" captionStartId-0="45.[96,177,1880,1904]" captionStartId-1="46.[96,177,1824,1848]" captionStartId-2="47.[96,175,1930,1954]" captionStartId-3="48.[96,176,1946,1970]" captionStartId-4="49.[96,175,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,1375,1869]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1536,165,1812]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1536,165,1918]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1537,1417,1936]" captionTargetBox-4="[96,1537,165,1880]" captionTargetId-0="figure-472@45.[576,1054,1375,1869]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@46.[806,1536,808,1330]" captionTargetId-2="figure-33@47.[792,1536,717,1355]" captionTargetId-3="figure-62@48.[745,1537,1417,1936]" captionTargetId-4="figure-35@49.[733,1537,781,1290]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionTargetPageId-2="47" captionTargetPageId-3="48" captionTargetPageId-4="49" captionText-0="Figure 41. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Ubud, Bali. Photographs © Norm Farmer (normfarmerimages), used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Farmer 2018a, 2018b, 2018c)." captionText-1="Figure 42. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4, Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West. 5-7, Mandai Track. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission." captionText-2="Figure 43 (continued on next page). Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4, Pasir Ris Park. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission." captionText-3="Figure 44. Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. Photographs © Kwan Han (www.NatureLoveYou.sg), used with permission." captionText-4="Figure 45. Immature Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-2, Penultimate male from Sugei Buloh Wetland Reserve. 3-6, Immature or penultimate female. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172060" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172064" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172066" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172074" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172078" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172060/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172064/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172066/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172074/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172078/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figures 41-45</figureCitation>
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, Map (
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<figureCitation id="137DA4CF2B7A0445E902FF702DB37896" box="[853,948,210,234]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[96,176,1099,1123]" captionTargetBox="[96,1534,165,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-371@1.[96,1534,165,1089]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Known occurrence of Cosmophasis species in Sunda, Sahul and adjacent oceanic islands. Better-known species are identified in the key at upper right. See Appendix 1 for identification of the other species, most know from a single locality, by number. The new species described here are from Ambon and the Banda Islands within the Wallacean region (small yellow rectangle near the center), shown in more detail in Figure 2. Localities are based on references cited in Appendix 1, as well as reliable photographs posted in iNaturalist and FLICKR. Note that some records of C. thalassina (52, generally found to the south) and C. umbratica (57, generally found to the north) are most likely confused, as separation of these species may not be possible. Background image courtesy of NASA/USGS/Landsat." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7171910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7171910/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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) #57
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9B84A2B7A0445EA37FEBA2A947AD0" blockId="45.[96,1536,278,684]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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A series of studies of the courtship and agonistic behavior of
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445E9F5FEB42AD87949" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[930,1247,278,309]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445E9F5FEB42AD87949" box="[930,1247,278,309]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cosmophasis umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been published in recent years, based on spiders collected in
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<collectingCountry id="F351F8DA2B7A0445E883FE9F2D597926" box="[724,862,317,346]" name="Singapore" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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(Lim & Li 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2007, 2013; Lim, Land & Li 2007; Lim, Li & Li 2008; Taylor & McGraw 2007).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445E99FFEC12ACF79FC" author="Land, M. F. & Horwood, M. L. M." box="[968,1224,355,384]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1583 - 1589" refId="ref14032" refString="Land, M. F., J. Horwood, M. L. M. Lim and D. Li. 2007. Optics of the ultraviolet reflecting scales of a jumping spider. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B 274: 1583 - 1589." type="journal article" year="2007">Land et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
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described the layered structure of iridescent, ultraviolet reflecting scales of this species, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445EE66FE2A2B4079D9" author="Bulbert, M. W. & O'Hanlon, S. & Zappettini, S." box="[1073,1351,392,421]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="914 - 920" refId="ref12714" refString="Bulbert, M. W., J. C. O'Hanlon, S. Zappettini, S. Zhang and D. Li. 2015. Sexually selected UV signals in the tropical ornate jumping spider, Cosmophasis umbratica may incur costs from predation. Ecology and Evolution 5 (4): 914 - 920." type="journal article" year="2015">Bulbert et al (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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later studied the predatory cost of male ornamentation. With all of these studies, one might assume that this species is well-known. That is not the case. The only descriptions that we have for
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EEC8FE732B48798C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1183,1359,465,496]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EEC8FE732B48798C" box="[1183,1359,465,496]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are Simon's original but brief text description of a male, and subsequent drawings of Simon's male specimen by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445EA37FDBC2F617A47" author="Proszynski, J." box="[96,358,542,571]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref14729" refString="Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1984">Prószyński (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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. Both appear here in their entirety, with a new English translation of Simon's description, in Appendix 5.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445EBADFDE62CA07A1D" author="Dyal, S." box="[506,679,580,609]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="119 - 252" refId="ref13312" refString="Dyal, S. 1935. Fauna of Lahore. 4. Spiders of Lahore. Bulletin of the Department of Zoology of the Panjab University 1: 119 - 252, pl. 11 - 17." type="journal article" year="1935">Dyal (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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listed an all-black
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<quantity id="4CBE15AF2B7A0445E9EEFDE62A087A1C" box="[953,1039,580,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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female with diminuitive ALE from remote Lahore,
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<collectingCountry id="F351F8DA2B7A0445EB69FDCB2FB27AFA" box="[318,437,617,646]" name="Pakistan" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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under
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445E84BFDC52CCE7AFA" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[540,713,615,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445E84BFDC52CCE7AFA" box="[540,713,615,646]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. That specimen is definitely not a
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EEE9FDC52B6E7AFA" authorityName="E. Simon" authorityYear="1901" box="[1214,1385,615,646]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EEE9FDC52B6E7AFA" box="[1214,1385,615,646]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Cosmophasis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Thus the female of
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EAB2FD2F2F897AD7" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[229,398,653,684]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EAB2FD2F2F897AD7" box="[229,398,653,684]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, though often subject to study, has never been described.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9B84A2B7A0445EA37FD782CEE7B81" blockId="45.[96,1536,730,1021]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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But even the description of the male (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445E834FD782D277A8B" author="Simon, E." box="[611,800,730,759]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="301 - 310" refId="ref15405" refString="Simon, E. 1903 b. Etudes arachnologiques. 34 e Memoire. LIV. Arachnides recueillis a Sumatra par M. J. Bouchard. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 72: 301 - 310." type="journal article" year="1903">Simon 1903b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445E97AFD782A137A8B" author="Proszynski, J." box="[813,1044,730,759]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref14729" refString="Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1984">Prószyński 1984</bibRefCitation>
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) is problematic. There is little here to suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EB63FD5F2FD87B67" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[308,479,765,796]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EB63FD5F2FD87B67" box="[308,479,765,796]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is anything other than a synonym for
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445E9B8FD5F2A9E7B67" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1007,1177,765,796]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445E9B8FD5F2A9E7B67" box="[1007,1177,765,796]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. thalassina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. This is supported by the fact that the
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<typeStatus id="54FD06E82B7A0445EB42FC872F547B3D" box="[277,339,805,833]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EBD9FC812C3E7B3D" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[398,569,803,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EBD9FC812C3E7B3D" box="[398,569,803,834]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. thalassina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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came from Bintan Island (see Appendix 4), near
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<collectingCountry id="F351F8DA2B7A0445EEA7FC872B7D7B3E" box="[1264,1402,805,834]" name="Singapore" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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where
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EFB1FC812EEC7B1A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EFB1FC812EEC7B1A" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been most often observed. The drawing of the male pedipalp of
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EEC5FCEA2B3C7B1A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1170,1339,840,871]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EEC5FCEA2B3C7B1A" box="[1170,1339,840,871]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445EF3DFCE82EC77BF1" author="Proszynski, J." pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref14729" refString="Proszynski, J. 1984. Atlas rysunkow diagnostycznych mniej znanych Salticidae (Araneae). Zeszyty Naukowe Wyzszej Szkoly Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej w Siedlcach 2: 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1984">Prószyński (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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differs somewhat from more recent published (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD7C5BB2B7A0445E919FCC92A957BF1" author="Zabka, M. & Waldock, J." box="[846,1170,875,909]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="115 - 198" refId="ref15957" refString="Zabka, M. and J. Waldock, J. 2012. Salticidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Oriental, Australian and Pacific regions. Genus Cosmophasis Simon, 1901. Annales Zoologici, Warszawa 62 (1): 115 - 198." type="journal article" year="2012">Żabka & Waldock 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) images of the pedipalp of
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EA37FC312F0F7BCD" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[96,264,915,946]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EA37FC312F0F7BCD" box="[96,264,915,946]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. thalassina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in that the rotation of the pedipalp in the former is about 220°, the latter 160°. However this does not account for the possibility of intraspecific variation, or the possibility that Prószyński's drawing is either skewed in angle or inaccurately drawn.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9B84A2B7A0445EA37FB892DE87D55" blockId="45.[96,1536,1065,1321]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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At present the two species cannot be reliably separated in the field. Those identified as
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EF58FB8B2BBE7C3B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1295,1465,1065,1096]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EF58FB8B2BBE7C3B" box="[1295,1465,1065,1096]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have either a locality closer to
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<collectingCountry id="F351F8DA2B7A0445EB9AFBF22C5F7C11" box="[461,600,1104,1133]" name="Singapore" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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than to
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<collectingCountry id="F351F8DA2B7A0445E885FBF22D567C11" box="[722,849,1104,1133]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, males with more gold-colour in their iridescent scales, or females with more colourful scale colour. But we also know that female
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EE84FBD62B7B7CEE" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[1235,1404,1140,1171]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EE84FBD62B7B7CEE" box="[1235,1404,1140,1171]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. thalassina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are quite variable in colouration, even in
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<collectingCountry id="F351F8DA2B7A0445E871FB392CA27CC4" box="[550,677,1179,1208]" name="Australia" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, with distinct to indistinct transverse bars across the dorsal opisthosoma. In
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<figureCitation id="137DA4CF2B7A0445EB05FB632C127CA1" box="[338,533,1216,1246]" captionStart-0="Figure 41" captionStart-1="Figure 42" captionStart-2="Figure 43" captionStart-3="Figure 44" captionStart-4="Figure 45" captionStartId-0="45.[96,177,1880,1904]" captionStartId-1="46.[96,177,1824,1848]" captionStartId-2="47.[96,175,1930,1954]" captionStartId-3="48.[96,176,1946,1970]" captionStartId-4="49.[96,175,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1536,1375,1869]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1536,165,1812]" captionTargetBox-2="[96,1536,165,1918]" captionTargetBox-3="[96,1537,1417,1936]" captionTargetBox-4="[96,1537,165,1880]" captionTargetId-0="figure-472@45.[576,1054,1375,1869]" captionTargetId-1="figure-33@46.[806,1536,808,1330]" captionTargetId-2="figure-33@47.[792,1536,717,1355]" captionTargetId-3="figure-62@48.[745,1537,1417,1936]" captionTargetId-4="figure-35@49.[733,1537,781,1290]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionTargetPageId-2="47" captionTargetPageId-3="48" captionTargetPageId-4="49" captionText-0="Figure 41. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Ubud, Bali. Photographs © Norm Farmer (normfarmerimages), used under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license (Farmer 2018a, 2018b, 2018c)." captionText-1="Figure 42. Adult male Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4, Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West. 5-7, Mandai Track. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission." captionText-2="Figure 43 (continued on next page). Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-4, Pasir Ris Park. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission." captionText-3="Figure 44. Adult female Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. Photographs © Kwan Han (www.NatureLoveYou.sg), used with permission." captionText-4="Figure 45. Immature Cosmophasis umbratica from Singapore. 1-2, Penultimate male from Sugei Buloh Wetland Reserve. 3-6, Immature or penultimate female. Photographs © Nicky Bay, used with permission." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172060" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172064" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172066" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172074" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172078" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172060/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172064/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7172066/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7172074/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7172078/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figures 41-45</figureCitation>
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we present a series of photographs of males and females that could be identified as
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EB45FB462FBA7D7F" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[274,445,1252,1283]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratica">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EB45FB462FBA7D7F" box="[274,445,1252,1283]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. umbratica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
, as well as photographs of immatures from the same areas. The immatures are similar to the immature
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C46C3C92B7A0445EBFDFAA82C557D54" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[426,594,1290,1321]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Cosmophasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thalassina">
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<emphasis id="B93264582B7A0445EBFDFAA82C557D54" box="[426,594,1290,1321]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">C. thalassina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
shown above (
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<figureCitation id="137DA4CF2B7A0445E94BFAA92DE67D55" box="[796,993,1291,1321]" captionStart-0="Figure 39" captionStart-1="Figure 40" captionStartId-0="43.[96,175,1914,1938]" captionStartId-1="44.[96,175,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox-0="[96,1537,165,1901]" captionTargetBox-1="[96,1537,165,1937]" captionTargetId-0="figure-32@43.[561,990,944,1374]" captionTargetPageId-0="43" captionTargetPageId-1="44" captionText-0="Figure 39. Immature Cosmophasis thalassina from Bali. 1-5, Earlier instar. 6-10, Later instar." captionText-1="Figure 40. Immature male Cosmophasis thalassina from Bali. 1-5, Earlier instar. 6-9, Penultimate." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172052" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7172058" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7172052/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7172058/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Figures 39-40</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |