321 lines
38 KiB
XML
321 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="49B98BAA4E2C8AD47719747DF10D9C74" ID-CLB-Dataset="22829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764018" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1587671180438" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2020" docId="03AE8786FFA6D55DFF40205AFE105F4B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4766.2.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4766 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gilbertaster caribaea" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FF97FFFEFFBDD540FFD72117FFDE5D28" masterDocTitle="New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1698835771181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="6ABCDC7A4DB3661260235268BA2CCCD9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="791474201D3C35E587D4F1ABE328B22F">
|
||
<mods:title id="1AA08DF344D0BE65F6624754E5AAE79E">New species, occurrence records and observations of predation by deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the North Atlantic by NOAA ship Okeanos Explorer</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="2CFFE92A36B97D12C2B621FBE84F41CD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1674D06235EF21BA804DC7A726337999">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="70C994494F1FE3F3B86E4CD31D8773D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0225C460870133A64A6A4EAAE882E8A3">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A14B01354BEEED348BDB0F0283383AFC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="33D59BA74BCAEC2067298CBDC824E7A8" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6E3654FD0AC7916683BF17809C6210AF">
|
||
<mods:title id="5EBA7BF2FA9394DBB8BB09F81BF650E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="15BC52F15CF0432FA802CA269594314D">
|
||
<mods:date id="EECE242BEFCE1C8E6500EB49CCCB504B">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="178CA84A3C5BA1DD7788517A488A88F8" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="F2536CD465B20119608983186B4E2F07">2020-04-20</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="DC1DB79A7F123B60039FE872B18BC210" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="AE2CFCB7C4C65191FDAD9676BA0F5130">4766</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0D565CFD8E25FEA8FDFF6540AB712652" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3A0CCADC7262892EACB47FC820CF3695">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="9D816413E5003F66865D4E21076D4399" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="C17446C48227441E5A1597F5BDF78FB2">201</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B996A8B65E3D6C31C490013355778544">260</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="46883FE0EF660F3D17C78F220B46B7C8">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="23DD1B7D92E7D80D9C54B84BF27B3341" type="CLB-Dataset">22829</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="03B9E556437DD3B1FEA69DE74AB5251B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4766.2.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B3DD22F9D130385B079271CF313287BC" type="GBIF-Dataset">7fa4a4ce-5db2-4d06-adeb-db21b0574cef</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C9437703CE2B9F6674EFB80D308FA04C" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F8A412C26FA0B828E4480798B2B3CC6D" type="Zenodo-Dep">3764018</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F37B80C7D4D1CB7246CB29D37FB453E6" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B47DC09C-181A-4DFE-B415-770AFFC11BD3</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AE8786FFA6D55DFF40205AFE105F4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3803726" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163737316" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3803726" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE8786FFA6D55DFF40205AFE105F4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE8786FFA6D55DFF40205AFE105F4B" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFA6D55BFF40205AFD9B5C4F" box="[151,581,333,360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF40205AFD9B5C4F" blockId="27.[151,581,333,395]" box="[151,581,333,360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<heading id="D0F081FCFFA6D55BFF40205AFD9B5C4F" bold="true" box="[151,581,333,360]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFF40205AFD9B5C4F" ID-CoL="3G2H8" authority="(Verrill 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,581,333,360]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF40205AFD9B5C4F" bold="true" box="[151,581,333,360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF40205AFE485C40" bold="true" box="[151,406,333,360]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster caribaea</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFA6D55BFE72205AFDE35C4F" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[421,573,333,359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="145 - 234" refId="ref32145" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1899) Revision of certain genera and species of starfishes, with descriptions of new forms. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 10 (1), 145 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 7031" type="journal article" year="1899">Verrill 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFA6D55BFF402066FEE95CA3" box="[151,311,369,395]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF402066FEE95CA3" blockId="27.[151,581,333,395]" box="[151,311,369,395]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFA6D55BFF402066FEDF5CA3" box="[151,257,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,190,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A. Feeding on the primnoid octocoral Plumarella sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m. B. USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 592 m, C. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m, D. Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m E. Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764042/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Figure 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFA6D55BFF4020AEFDAA5FDB" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF4020AEFB055F4B" blockId="27.[151,1437,441,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Observations made during expedition EX1903L2 are the first living observations of this species alive and in several cases, feeding. These individuals were recognized based on the elongate shape of the interradial marginal plates, the dense cover of coarse granules covering the marginal plates as well as the elongate arm shape. The image of the oral surface showed the distinctive series of bivalve pedicellariae present adjacent to the tube foot groove. The collected specimen is largely consistent with the description of the species as outlined in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFA6D55BFBC7235EFB095F4B" author="Mah, C. L. & Nizinski, M. & Lundsten, L." box="[1040,1239,585,611]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref30122" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. & Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301, 11 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Mah
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFB9D235DFBA55F4B" box="[1098,1147,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF10237AFE4F5FE7" blockId="27.[151,1437,441,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFF10237AFE8E5FAF" box="[199,336,621,647]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF10237AFE8E5FAF" box="[199,336,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFE1C2379FD8F5FAF" box="[459,593,622,647]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFE1C2379FD8F5FAF" box="[459,593,622,647]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Hippasteria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFDB6237AFD1B5FAF" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[609,709,621,647]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFDB6237AFD1B5FAF" box="[609,709,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">caribaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFC52237AFBD05FAF" box="[901,1038,621,647]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFC52237AFBD05FAF" box="[901,1038,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFA6D55BFBED237AFADD5FAF" author="Mah, C. L. & Nizinski, M. & Lundsten, L." box="[1082,1283,621,647]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="266 - 301" refId="ref30122" refString="Mah, C. L., Nizinski, M. & Lundsten, L. (2010) Phylogenetic Revision of the Hippasterinae (Goniasteridae; Asteroidea): Systematics of Deep Sea Corallivores, including one new genus and three new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 160, 266 - 301, 11 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2010.00638. x" type="book chapter" year="2010">
|
||
Mah
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFBA22379FB785FAF" box="[1141,1190,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2010)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Prior to that,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFF402386FEFE5F83" box="[151,288,657,683]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF402386FEFE5F83" box="[151,288,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was known only from the Pacific. Video observations detailed herein confirm speculation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFA9D2386FF095FE7" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFA9D2386FF095FE7" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a corallivore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF1023CEFDAA5FDB" blockId="27.[151,1437,441,755]" box="[199,628,729,755]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Color in life for this species is orange.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFA6D55BFF402236FCF85A67" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF402236FDF25E13" blockId="27.[151,1437,801,1007]" box="[151,556,801,827]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF402236FDF25E13" box="[151,556,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Feeding & Ecological Observations</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF102252FA9A5EC7" blockId="27.[151,1437,801,1007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Four observations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFE6F2252FD735E77" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[440,685,837,863]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFE6F2252FD735E77" box="[440,685,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster caribaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on primnoid octocorals were made (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFA6D55BFB7F2252FB235E77" box="[1192,1277,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,190,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A. Feeding on the primnoid octocoral Plumarella sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m. B. USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 592 m, C. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m, D. Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m E. Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764042/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Figs 12</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D). Two of these octocorals were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFDFA227EFD745EAB" box="[557,682,873,899]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFDFA227EFD745EAB" box="[557,682,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (12A,B). Feeding behavior for this species is similar to other octocoral predators in that the body is positioned over the octocoral so that its stomach can be directly applied onto the prey. Primnoids appear to show a more frond-like, softer morphology relative to isidid octocorals and appear to be more actively engulfed by the sea stars rather than climbed upon as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFBD022C2FBA25EC7" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1909" box="[1031,1148,981,1007]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Circeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFBD022C2FBA25EC7" box="[1031,1148,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Circeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFB6522C2FAE25EC7" box="[1202,1340,981,1007]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Evoplosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFB6522C2FAE25EC7" box="[1202,1340,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Evoplosoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF40250AFDD9591F" blockId="27.[151,1437,1053,1871]" box="[151,519,1053,1079]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF40250AFDD9591F" box="[151,519,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Deep-Sea Amphipod Association</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF102556FCD35957" blockId="27.[151,1437,1053,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Two independent observations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFDEA2556FCEE5973" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[573,816,1089,1115]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFDEA2556FCEE5973" box="[573,816,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster caribaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have shown 6 to 8 purple amphipods present in association with the tube feet and the oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFA6D55BFDA82572FCDE5957" box="[639,768,1125,1151]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,190,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A. Feeding on the primnoid octocoral Plumarella sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m. B. USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 592 m, C. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m, D. Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m E. Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764042/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 12A,E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF40259EFDF95853" blockId="27.[151,1437,1053,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
The first observation from Richardson Ridge at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA6D55BFD15259EFCD3598B" box="[706,781,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.97" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="797.0">797 m</quantity>
|
||
, (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFA6D55BFCF3259EFC52598B" box="[804,908,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,190,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A. Feeding on the primnoid octocoral Plumarella sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m. B. USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 592 m, C. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m, D. Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m E. Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764042/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFC3A259EFBA8598B" box="[1005,1142,1161,1187]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFC3A259EFBA8598B" box="[1005,1142,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFAD5259EFAA1598B" box="[1282,1407,1161,1187]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFAD5259EFAA1598B" box="[1282,1407,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a primnoid octocoral with its cardiac stomach and tube feet extended onto the prey item. Amphipods were observed in contact with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFE9A25C6FE1459C3" box="[333,458,1233,1259]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFE9A25C6FE1459C3" box="[333,458,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stalk as well as folds of the stomach. It was unclear if they were simply hanging onto the star or the prey item or if they were feeding. A second observation was made on the Central Plateau Scarp at
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA6D55BFA8125E2FA425827" box="[1366,1436,1269,1295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.86" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="886.0">886 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A15FFA6D55BFF77240EFEDC581B" box="[160,258,1305,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1882,1907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,190,1849]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1857]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Gilbertaster caribaea A. Feeding on the primnoid octocoral Plumarella sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m. B. USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 592 m, C. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m, D. Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m E. Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764042/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and showed at least six amphipods irregularly distributed around the oral surface of an individual sitting on its side with its oral surface facing into the water. All of these amphipods were situated either on or adjacent to the tube foot grooves of the animal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF102492FAA25BB3" blockId="27.[151,1437,1053,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
The Richardson Ridge observations suggest commensalism or kleptoparasitism by the amphipods on the star as it devours the octocoral tissue. Alternative explanations include predation on the star’s tissue (i.e. stomach and/or tube feet) or even defense by the amphipods against the predator.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFA6D55BFC5124DAFBC058CF" author="Glynn, P. W." box="[902,1054,1485,1511]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="111 - 178" refId="ref29040" refString="Glynn, P. W. (1983) Crustacean symbionts and the defense of corals: coevolution on the reef? In: Nitecki, M. H. (Ed.), Coevolution. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 111 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1983">Glynn (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described crustacean “guards” as host symbionts of shallow-water tropical coral, which defend their hosts against attacking sea stars by snapping and pinching. The Central Plateau Scarp observation showed the animal with its oral surface, including tube feet presented upwards into the water. This might represent the animal attempting to divest itself of the amphipods, assuming that present deleterious effects to the star, or are a source of irritation. The numerous pedicellariae on the surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFF612796FEE15BB3" box="[182,319,1665,1691]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF612796FEE15BB3" box="[182,319,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might represent a defensive mechanism against these amphipods and/or other small crustaceans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF1027B2FCF85A67" blockId="27.[151,1437,1053,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
Interestingly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964B61FFA6D55BFEB427B2FDEE5B97" author="Gale, K. S. P. & Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A." box="[355,560,1701,1727]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref28980" refString="Gale, K. S. P., Hamel, J. - F. & Mercier, A. (2013) Trophic ecology of deep-sea Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from eastern Canada. Deep-Sea Research I, 80, 25 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2013.05.016" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Gale
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFE7627B1FE0B5B97" box="[417,469,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted amphipods as part of the stomach contents in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFB4427B1FA4B5B97" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[1171,1429,1701,1727]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFB4427B1FA4B5B97" box="[1171,1429,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Hippasteria phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, another deep-sea hippasterine corallivore. They attributed these amphipods to occasional bottom feeding by
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFA5627DDFECC5A2F" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFA5627DDFED05A2F" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">H. phrygiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It is unclear if the amphipods observed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFD3827FAFCA65A2F" box="[751,888,1773,1799]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFD3827FAFCA65A2F" box="[751,888,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrate similar behavior to those seen in the gut contents of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFE9E2605FD945A03" baseAuthorityName="Parelius" baseAuthorityYear="1768" box="[329,586,1809,1835]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Hippasteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="phrygiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFE9E2605FD945A03" box="[329,586,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Hippasteria phrygiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and whether the amphipods presence in the gut might be explained by the behavior observed in the deep-sea species on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFD412622FCC15A67" box="[662,799,1845,1871]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFD412622FCC15A67" box="[662,799,1845,1871]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Gilbertaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFA6D55DFF402669FD2E5CFB" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF402669FE815ABF" blockId="27.[151,1122,1917,2016]" box="[151,351,1917,1943]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF402669FE815ABF" box="[151,351,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Images Examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA6D55BFF1026B6FC505AC8" blockId="27.[151,1122,1917,2016]" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">
|
||
On
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA6D55BFF2726B6FDA15A93" authority="Richardson Ridge, Gulf" authorityName="Richardson Ridge, Gulf" box="[240,639,1953,1979]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA6D55BFF2726B6FEB35A93" box="[240,365,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
Richardson Ridge, Gulf
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFA6D55BFD7326B6FD225A93" box="[676,764,1953,1979]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="228">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA6D55BFCDF26B7FC5C5A93" box="[776,898,1952,1979]" degrees="31.769835" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="1" value="31.769835">31.769835</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA6D55BFC5A26B6FBCE5A93" box="[909,1040,1953,1979]" degrees="77.362993" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" precision="1" value="-77.36299">-77.362993</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA6D55BFBCC26B6FBBC5A93" box="[1051,1122,1953,1979]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.97" pageId="27" pageNumber="228" unit="m" value="797.0">797 m</quantity>
|
||
EX1806_IMG_20180621T193141Z_ROVHD.jpg (amphipods)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF786618FFA1D55CFF40264DFD205AF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3764042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3764042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3764042/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" startId="28.[151,250,1882,1907]" targetBox="[163,1426,190,1849]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA1D55CFF40264DFD205AF7" blockId="28.[151,1437,1882,2015]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFF40264DFEFF5A5B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1882,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA1D55CFEFE264DFD5F5A5B" authority="A. Feeding" authorityName="A. Feeding" box="[297,641,1882,1907]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Gilbertaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="caribaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFEFE264DFDF95A5B" bold="true" box="[297,551,1882,1907]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFEFE264DFDD85A5B" bold="true" box="[297,518,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Gilbertaster caribaea</emphasis>
|
||
A.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Feeding
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the primnoid octocoral
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA1D55CFC4D264CFBD55A5B" box="[922,1035,1883,1907]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="28" pageNumber="229" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFC4D264CFBD55A5B" box="[922,1035,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 797 m.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFF342668FF255ABF" bold="true" box="[227,251,1919,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">B.</emphasis>
|
||
USNM 1580844 feeding. Richardson’s Jellyfish, 592 m,
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFC972669FC865ABF" bold="true" box="[832,856,1918,1943]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of United States. 886 m,
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFF6126B4FF115A93" bold="true" box="[182,207,1955,1979]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Richardson Ridge, Gulf of Mexico, 781 m
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA1D55CFD5726B4FD465A93" bold="true" box="[640,664,1955,1979]" pageId="28" pageNumber="229">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Purple amphipods on oral surface in tube foot grooves (indicated by arrows). Central Plateau Scarp, Off SE coast of United States, 901 m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF10218EFD245D9B" blockId="29.[151,1436,153,467]" box="[199,762,153,179]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">EX1806_IMG_20180621T193400Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF1021AAFDBB5DD3" blockId="29.[151,1436,153,467]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Also feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA0D55DFE5E21AAFDD85DFF" authority="Richardson Ridge, Gulf" authorityName="Richardson Ridge, Gulf" box="[393,518,189,215]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Plumarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA0D55DFE5E21AAFDD85DFF" box="[393,518,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Plumarella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
? Richardson Ridge, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFA0D55DFC8021AAFC715DFF" box="[855,943,189,215]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFC6921AAFBE65DFF" box="[958,1080,189,215]" degrees="31.770062" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="31.770061">31.770062</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFB9121AAFB175DFF" box="[1094,1225,189,215]" degrees="77.363763" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="-77.36376">-77.363763</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA0D55DFB0021AAFAFC5DFF" box="[1239,1314,189,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.82" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="782.0">782 m</quantity>
|
||
, EX1806_ IMG_20180621T205519Z_ROVHD.jpg,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF102012FB905C37" blockId="29.[151,1436,153,467]" box="[199,1102,260,287]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
On octocoral Richardson Ridge, Gulf of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3F872FFA0D55DFD472012FD365C37" box="[656,744,261,287]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFD242013FCB35C37" box="[755,877,260,287]" degrees="31.769577" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="31.769577">31.769577</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFCAF2012FC225C37" box="[888,1020,261,287]" degrees="77.363013" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="-77.363014">-77.363013</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA0D55DFBD02012FB905C37" box="[1031,1102,261,287]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.81" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="781.0">781 m</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF10203FFD275C6B" blockId="29.[151,1436,153,467]" box="[199,761,296,323]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">EX1806_IMG_20180621T195555Z_ROVHD.jpg</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF10205AFCE35CA3" blockId="29.[151,1436,153,467]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
Central Plateau Scarp. (with amphipods on oral surface), Off SE coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFA0D55DFC20205AFB515C4F" box="[1015,1167,333,359]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFB4D205AFACA5C4F" box="[1178,1300,333,359]" degrees="30.923732" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="30.923733">30.923732</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFAC9205BFA465C4F" box="[1310,1432,332,359]" degrees="78.087175" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="78.08717">78.087175</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA0D55DFF402066FF3E5CA3" box="[151,224,369,395]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.01" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="901.0">901 m</quantity>
|
||
, EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T155659Z_ROVHD.jpg
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF102082FD2E5CFB" blockId="29.[151,1436,153,467]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
wrapped around coral. Central Plateau Scarp, off SE coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3107600FFA0D55DFC5A2082FBF75C87" box="[909,1065,405,431]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFBE12082FB715C87" box="[1078,1199,405,431]" degrees="30.924116" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="30.924116">30.924116</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFB6B2083FAE15C87" box="[1212,1343,404,431]" degrees="78.087582" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="1" value="-78.087585">-78.087582</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA0D55DFA9B2082FA495C87" box="[1356,1431,405,431]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.86" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="886.0">886 m</quantity>
|
||
, EX1903L2_IMG_20190629T162255Z_ROVHD.jpg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D651BFFA0D55DFF402316FE105F4B" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB83690FFA0D55DFF402316FE105F4B" blockId="29.[151,1437,512,611]" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA0D55DFF402316FEA35F33" box="[151,381,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Specimen Examined</emphasis>
|
||
: USNM 1580844 Richardson’s Jellyfish,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFCB42316FC1F5F33" box="[867,961,513,539]" degrees="32.0891" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="5" value="32.0891">32.0891</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE335057FFA0D55DFC122316FBF25F33" box="[965,1068,513,539]" degrees="77.6703" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" precision="5" value="-77.6703">-77.6703</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9B75FFA0D55DFBEC2317FB595F33" box="[1083,1159,512,539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.92" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" unit="m" value="592.0">592 m</quantity>
|
||
, Coll. A. Weinnig, with ROV
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA0D55DFF0C2331FE445F17" box="[219,410,550,575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Deep Discoverer</emphasis>
|
||
, aboard NOAA Ship
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D13FFA0D55DFD432332FCB85F17" authority="Explorer." authorityName="Explorer." box="[660,870,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Okeanos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="230" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EA82FFA0D55DFD432332FCB85F17" box="[660,870,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="230">Okeanos Explorer.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
EX1903L2_IMG_20190701T195409Z_ROVHD. jpg 1 wet spec. R=8.0 r=2.6
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |