266 lines
34 KiB
XML
266 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="CAF9EF03566E033BC71830E77F991ED3" ID-CLB-Dataset="26360" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4624.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="033b1c4e-d4cb-41d2-b1b8-0a9d8195f1cc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3259298" ID-ZooBank="29E92FF7-EC9C-429D-845F-DB984FC85BD9" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1561702039281" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Zhi-Teng" docDate="2019" docId="D8758794DD3BA633809A6C78AAECDCF4" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4624.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4624 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraleuctra cuihuashana Chen 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="244CFFECDD3AA635800D6E41AF70DB2E" masterDocTitle="The first formal report of brachypterous stonefly of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from China" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="230" pageNumber="231" updateTime="1698737652704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B6B3932AF32A5EC0EE5B124CB123865F">The first formal report of brachypterous stonefly of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0DD969935261725A2F1DCF0FFE4DE5A8" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FFD8CD771E95F85E880D9A3EBB79BB70">Chen, Zhi-Teng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="31DC3E8A1671D3C87FF30E656934B2D0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8266118F80FEA06681D5A104DDF600B">
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<mods:date id="EA5A033D241AB438C503A9CDE04CBD3F">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6E4242FEF19FEEDB1478653CCDCC4B3">2019-06-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="D8758794DD3BA633809A6C78AAECDCF4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158414949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D8758794DD3BA633809A6C78AAECDCF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D8758794DD3BA633809A6C78AAECDCF4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="1" pageNumber="231">
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<subSubSection id="18C66509DD3BA634809A6C78AE76D959" pageId="1" pageNumber="231" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="50633682DD3BA634809A6C78AD41D97D" blockId="1.[151,561,569,631]" box="[151,561,569,596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="231">
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<heading id="0B2B81EEDD3BA634809A6C78AD41D97D" bold="true" box="[151,561,569,596]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="231" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3BA634809A6C78AD41D97D" bold="true" box="[151,561,569,596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="231">
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<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3BA634809A6C78AEBCD97A" ID-CoL="8NH5P" authority="Chen, 2019" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,460,569,596]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="231" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3BA634809A6C78AEBCD97A" bold="true" box="[151,460,569,596]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="231">Paraleuctra cuihuashana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="799B57EBDD3BA63481DE6C78AD41D97D" box="[467,561,569,595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="231" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50633682DD3BA634809A6C1CAE76D959" blockId="1.[151,561,569,631]" box="[151,262,605,631]" pageId="1" pageNumber="231">Figs. 1–9.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="04A3660ADD39A636809A6B92AC0BDD1A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3259300/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" startId="3.[151,250,1491,1516]" targetBox="[151,1433,188,1470]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="50633682DD39A636809A6B92AC0BDD1A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1491,1588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD39A636809A6B92AE63DEC2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1491,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD39A63681176B95AD6CDEC2" authority="Chen, 2019" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,540,1492,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD39A63681176B95AD6CDEC2" box="[282,540,1492,1516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Paraleuctra cuihuashana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="799B57EBDD39A63682296B95AD05DEC2" box="[548,629,1492,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD39A63682296B95AD05DEC2" bold="true" box="[548,629,1492,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">sp. nov.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A. male terminalia after NaOH treatment, dorsal view; B. drawing of male terminalia after NaOH treatment, dorsal view; C. male terminalia after NaOH treatment and removal of subgenital plate, ventral view; D. drawing of male terminalia after NaOH treatment, ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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<subSubSection id="18C66509DD39A63180CA6823AC3ADAFD" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" type="description">
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<paragraph id="50633682DD39A63680CA6823AB50DDC6" blockId="3.[151,1437,1633,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD39A63680CA6823AE74DD52" bold="true" box="[199,260,1634,1660]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Male</emphasis>
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(Figs. 1A, 2–6). Body length 5.0–6.0 mm; forewing length 2.5–3.0 mm, hindwings length
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<quantity id="97249B67DD39A63684FF6820AA0BDD52" box="[1266,1403,1633,1660]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
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. In the forewing, one crossvein present between RA and RP; M forked with two branches fused apically; six crossveins present between M and CuA; nine crossveins present between CuA and CuP; AA1 simple; AA2 forked. In the hind wing, RP and M unforked; AA1 simple; AA2 forked with an incomplete branch.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50633682DD39A63180CA68B3AB3EDBD5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1633,2020]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Abdominal segments compactly connected; posterior half of tergum 10 strongly divided, forming a subtriangular concave; posterolateral margins of tergum 10 each connected with a dark sclerite, the sclerite broad at base and apically with a subquadrate projection, the base extending to ventral aspect of sternum 10. Vesicle of anteromedian margin of sternum 9 long oval, length about 1.5X longer than wide; subgenital plate trapezoidal with truncate apex and long hairs. Cerci dark sclerotized, strongly forked into two sharp prongs; upper prong longer than lower prong, basally with a subtriangular process in lateral view; inner surface of lower prong slightly humped; a pale, slender spine present near base of upper prong, projecting backwards; base of cerci slender, connected with lateral arms of the subanal probe; dorsobasal of cerci with a small, upcurved hook. Epiproct apically hook-shaped, basal part wide, dorsal surface with a row of several long bristles, apex with lateral spinules. Subanal probe present beneath the epiproct, slender and upcurved, fusiform in ventral view, with narrow base and apex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="50633682DD3EA63180CA6F44AC3ADAFD" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3EA63180CA6F44AE6EDA31" bold="true" box="[199,286,261,287]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Female</emphasis>
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(Figs. 1B, 7). Body length 6.0–8.0 mm. Forewings length 4.5–6.0 mm, hindwings length 2.5–4.0 mm. Head, thorax and appendages similar to males; abdominal segments 2–7 with dorsal, ventral and lateral stripes; intersegmental membrane of sterna 1–7 each with two small lateral spots. Wing venation varies among available specimens, but the anal field of hindwings always with three anal veins. Subgenital plate of sternum 8 darkly sclerotized and bilobed, each lobe with several long bristles. Posterior margin of sternum 9 membranous. Paraprocts subtriangular and divided. Cerci unsegmented, finger-shaped.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="18C66509DD3EA63180CA6F9CAB29D911" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="50633682DD3EA63180CA6F9CAB29D911" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3EA63180CA6F9CAE0BDAD9" bold="true" box="[199,379,476,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="E0B43CDFDD3EA631818B6F9CAAE9D935" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270855834" collectingDate="2019-04-29" collectionCode="ICJUST" collectorName="Zhi-Teng Chen" country="China" elevation="1100" latitude="33.979168" location="Cuihuashan National Geopark" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="108.99583" municipality="Xi'an City" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="8F678820DD3EA631818B6F9CAE9EDAD9" box="[390,494,477,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male,
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<collectingCountry id="28CB7612DD3EA631824C6F9CADF8DAD9" box="[577,648,477,503]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">China</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="9218F860DD3EA631829A6F9CAC12DAD9" box="[663,866,477,503]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Shaanxi Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="B007ACF8DD3EA631837C6F9CAC9FDAD9" box="[881,1007,477,503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Xi’an City</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="55036059DD3EA63183F36F9CAA2BDAD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D8758794DD3BA633809A6C78AAECDCF4:55036059DD3EA63183F36F9CAA2BDAD9" box="[1022,1371,477,503]" country="China" latitude="33.979168" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="108.99583" municipality="Xi'an City" name="Cuihuashan National Geopark" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" stateProvince="Shaanxi">Cuihuashan National Geopark</location>
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, fastflowing stream (Fig. 8),
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<elevation id="DBF1D1B1DD3EA63181A26C40AD3ED935" box="[431,590,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1000.0">
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<quantity id="97249B67DD3EA63181A26C40AD3ED935" box="[431,590,513,539]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="1100.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–1200 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="35E85045DD3EA63182566C41AD93D935" box="[603,739,512,539]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" precision="15" seconds="45" value="33.979168">33°58′45″N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="35E85045DD3EA63182FD6C41ACF2D935" box="[752,898,512,539]" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" precision="15" seconds="45" value="108.99583">108°59′45″E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<collectingDate id="3426E9AADD3EA63183826C40AB43D935" box="[911,1075,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" value="2019-04-29">
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<date id="24621042DD3EA63183826C40AB43D935" box="[911,1075,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" value="2019-04-29">29 April 2019</date>
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</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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<collectorName id="FD295354DD3EA631847C6C40AA6ED935" box="[1137,1310,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Zhi-Teng Chen</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="36CDAE47DD3EA63185226C40AAE1D935" box="[1327,1425,513,539]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">ICJUST</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="E0B43CDFDD3EA631809A6C64AB25D911" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270855833" box="[151,1109,549,575]" collectionCode="ICJUST" country="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Shaanxi" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="8F678820DD3EA631809A6C64AE78D911" box="[151,264,549,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: four males and four females, same date and locality as
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<typeStatus id="8F678820DD3EA63183776C64ACACD911" box="[890,988,549,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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(
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||
<collectionCode id="36CDAE47DD3EA63183E66C64AB3DD911" box="[1003,1101,549,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">ICJUST</collectionCode>
|
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="18C66509DD3EA63180CA6C08ABE8D94D" box="[199,1176,585,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="50633682DD3EA63180CA6C08ABE8D94D" blockId="4.[151,1437,153,611]" box="[199,1176,585,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3EA63180CA6C08AE3ED94D" bold="true" box="[199,334,585,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The species is named after the
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<typeStatus id="8F678820DD3EA63182A36C08ADAED94D" box="[686,734,585,611]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">type</typeStatus>
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locality, Cuihuashan National Geopark
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="18C66509DD3FA63380CA6ED8AAECDCF4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="50633682DD3FA63080CA6ED8AEA2D935" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63080CA6ED8AE4BDB9D" bold="true" box="[199,315,153,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The females of
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<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63081E36EDBADEBDB9D" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[494,667,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63081E36EDBADEBDB9D" box="[494,667,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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exhibit variable length of wings from much shorter to slightly longer than the body length (Fig. 9). The new species is very similar to the macropterous
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<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63084276EFFABC4DBF9" baseAuthorityName="Chu" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1066,1204,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63084276EFFABC4DBF9" box="[1066,1204,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected from other stream sites in the Cuihuashan National Geopark, sharing similar color patterns and male and female terminalia. However, in
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<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63081296F47AEDCDA31" baseAuthorityName="Chu" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[292,428,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63081296F47AEDCDA31" box="[292,428,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the dorsobasal stripes of femora are absent; and in the male, hindwing venation differs from
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<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA630809A6F6BAE36DA6D" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,326,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
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<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630809A6F6BAE36DA6D" box="[151,326,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the cerci have no finger-shaped process, instead a minute subtriangular process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8E72A07DD3FA63085026F68AAE7DA6D" box="[1295,1431,297,323]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,989,1014]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,944,969]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1431,181,969]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1437,339,886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,181,969]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1437,339,886]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Paraleuctra orientalis (Chu, 1928). A. right forewing, dorsal view; B. right hindwing, dorsal view." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Paraleuctra orientalis (Chu, 1928). A. male terminalia, dorsal view; B. male terminalia, ventral view; C. male terminalia, lateral view; D. female terminalia, ventral view. The small subtriangular cercal spine is indicated with arrowhead." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3259304/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3259308/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Figs. 10–11</figureCitation>
|
||
, also see fig. 14a in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA63081676F0CAD73DA49" author="Li, W. & Wang, Y. B. & Yang, D." box="[362,515,333,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="46 - 52" refId="ref2898" refString="Li, W. H, Wang, Y. B. & Yang, D. (2010) Synopsis of the genus Paraleuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from China. Zootaxa, 2350 (1), 46 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2350.1.4" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63081846F0FAEB0DA49" box="[393,448,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The unique wing venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63083546F0FAB76DA49" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[857,1030,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63083546F0FAB76DA49" box="[857,1030,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is associated with the brachypterous condition. Abnormal wing venation or variations in wing venation sometimes occurs among specimens of a same genus or a same species in different localities, e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA63082E46FD4ACBEDA81" author="Lillehammer, A." box="[745,974,405,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="59 - 107" refId="ref2863" refString="Lillehammer, A. (1974) Norwegian stoneflies. I. Analysis of the variations in morphological and structural characters used in taxonomy. Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 21, 59 - 107." type="journal article" year="1974">Lillehammer (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied in detail this aspect in different stonefly genera including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63081CD6FFBAD67DAFD" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1836" box="[448,535,442,467]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Leuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63081CD6FFBAD67DAFD" box="[448,535,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Leuctra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other authors, such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA63083206FF8AB2EDAFD" author="Zwick, P. & Weinzierl, A." box="[813,1118,440,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref3296" refString="Zwick, P. & Weinzierl, A. (1995) Reinstatement and revision of genus Besdolus (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 26 (1), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1995">Zwick & Weinzierl (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed this phenomenon in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63080D36F9CAE26DAD9" box="[222,342,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Perlodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Perlodidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
that the development of crossveins and cells varies with body size and relative wing length, both between and within species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="50633682DD3FA63080CA6C64AEF1D871" blockId="5.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
|
||
The molecular data has shown a considerable large genetic distance (over 10%) between the brachypterous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63085896C67AE56D94D" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63085896C67AE56D94D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the macropterous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63082266C0BADC6D94D" baseAuthorityName="Chu" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[555,694,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63082266C0BADC6D94D" box="[555,694,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D5E0339DD3FA63082CB6C08AC6DD94D" box="[710,797,585,611]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,1134,1158]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 1. Genetic distance among sequenced specimens. Numbers after each capital letter indicate repeats of bacterial colonies used in the sequencing process. A: brachypterous specimens (P. cuihuashana); B: specimens with wings subequal in length to the body (P. cuihuashana); C: macropterous specimens (P. orientalis)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/04A3660ADD3DA632809A6A2FAB1CDFE0" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" tableUuid="04A3660ADD3DA632809A6A2FAB1CDFE0">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
); this value is much larger than the commonly used 2% (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA63080926C2CAE1AD9A9" author="Hebert, P. D. & Ratnasingham, S. & de Waard, J. R." box="[159,362,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="96 - 99" refId="ref2721" refString="Hebert, P. D., Ratnasingham, S. & de Waard, J. R. (2003) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B (Biological Sciences), 270 (Supplement 1), 96 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2003.0025" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Hebert
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63080FF6C2FAE59D9A9" box="[242,297,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA630817E6C2CAD5ED9A9" author="Zhou, X. & Adamowicz, S. J. & Jacobus, L. M. & DeWalt, R. E. & Hebert, P. D." box="[371,558,621,647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="30" refId="ref3332" refString="Zhou, X., Adamowicz, S. J., Jacobus, L. M., DeWalt, R. E. & Hebert, P. D. (2009) Towards a comprehensive barcode library for Arctic life-Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Frontiers in Zoology, 6 (1), 30. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1742 - 9994 - 6 - 30" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Zhou
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63081B96C2FAE9BD9A9" box="[436,491,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C8E72A07DD3FA63083B66C2CAB7CD9A9" box="[955,1036,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1793,1818]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,1081,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,1077,1728]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 12. Neighbor-joining tree of the three morphological types in this study. The three types are indicated with different colours. This tree recovered two distinct clades: Paraleuctra cuihuashana sp. nov. represented by A and B types; Paraleuctra orientalis represented by C type." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3259310/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), the macropterous male and female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63080BB6CD3AE31D985" baseAuthorityName="Chu" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[182,321,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63080BB6CD3AE31D985" box="[182,321,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are grouped in the same clade, separated from the clade of brachypterous males and females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA63085896CD3AE56D9E1" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63085896CD3AE56D9E1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Topology of the NJ tree is highly supported with high support values on most nodes. Molecular data used in this study has proved its efficiency in identifying the morphologically similar species such as those in genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA630809A6CBCAE6ED839" baseAuthorityName="Chen & Du" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[151,286,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630809A6CBCAE6ED839" box="[151,286,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Paraleuctra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Cerci of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA630819D6CBFAD4ED839" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[400,574,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630819D6CBFAD4ED839" box="[400,574,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA630831B6CBFABF2D839" authority="Li & Yang, 2013" authorityName="Li & Yang" authorityYear="2013" box="[790,1154,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="qilianshana">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630831B6CBFACCAD839" box="[790,954,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">P. qilianshana</emphasis>
|
||
Li & Yang, 2013
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see fig.
|
||
<quantity id="97249B67DD3FA63084E16CBCAA67D839" box="[1260,1303,765,791]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA63085136CBCAFA3D815" author="Kong, F. B. & Yang, D. & Li, W. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="391 - 396" refId="ref2795" refString="Kong, F. B., Yang, D. & Li, W. H. (2013) Discovery of the genus Paraleuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Palearctic China, with description of P. qilianshana sp. nov. Zootaxa, 3702 (4), 391 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.7" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Kong
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63085696CBFAAEDD839" box="[1380,1437,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), however, the two species can be easily separated by the shape of sclerite posterior to tergum 10 (see fig.
|
||
<quantity id="97249B67DD3FA63085836D60AFDDD871" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3FA63080B96D04AE05D871" author="Kong, F. B. & Yang, D. & Li, W. H." box="[180,373,837,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" pagination="391 - 396" refId="ref2795" refString="Kong, F. B., Yang, D. & Li, W. H. (2013) Discovery of the genus Paraleuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae) from Palearctic China, with description of P. qilianshana sp. nov. Zootaxa, 3702 (4), 391 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.7" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Kong
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA63080F46D07AE41D871" box="[249,305,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="04A3660ADD3FA630809A69A5AA54DCD3" box="[151,1316,2020,2045]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3259302/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" startId="5.[151,250,2020,2045]" targetBox="[151,1436,885,2001]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="50633682DD3FA630809A69A5AA54DCD3" blockId="5.[151,1316,2020,2045]" box="[151,1316,2020,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630809A69A5AE63DCD3" bold="true" box="[151,275,2020,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3FA630811469A4AD6BDCD3" authority="Chen, 2019" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,539,2021,2045]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630811469A4AD6BDCD3" box="[281,539,2021,2045]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Paraleuctra cuihuashana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="799B57EBDD3FA630822F69A4AD02DCD3" box="[546,626,2021,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3FA630822F69A4AD02DCD3" bold="true" box="[546,626,2021,2045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. female habitus, ventral view; B. female terminalia, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="50633682DD3CA63380CA6915AAECDCF4" blockId="6.[151,1436,1876,2010]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Factors probably related to the brachypterous condition of stonefly adults include environmental factors such as water temperature, altitude, nutrition, and genetic factors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3CA633834C6939ACBCDCBC" author="Hynes, H. B. N." box="[833,972,1912,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" pagination="135 - 153" refId="ref2648" refString="Hynes, H. B. N. (1976) Biology of Plecoptera. Annual Review of Entomology, 21 (1), 135 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 21.010176.001031" type="journal article" year="1976">Hynes 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3CA63383DA6939AB86DCBC" author="Donald, D. B. & Patriquin, D. E." box="[983,1270,1912,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" pagination="921 - 926" refId="ref2456" refString="Donald, D. B. & Patriquin, D. E. (1983) The wing length of lentic Capniidae (Plecoptera) and its relationship to elevation and Wisconsin glaciation. The Canadian Entomologist, 115 (8), 921 - 926. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 115921 - 8" type="journal article" year="1983">Donald & Patriquin 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3CA633850C6939AAE8DCBC" author="Brittain, J. E." box="[1281,1432,1912,1938]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref2296" refString="Brittain, J. E. (1990) Life history strategies in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. In: Campbell, I. C. (Ed.), Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 009 - 2397 - 3 _ 1" type="book chapter" year="1990">Brittain 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="344D4B73DD3CA633809A69DDAE17DC98" author="Westermann, F." box="[151,359,1948,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" pagination="135 - 140" refId="ref3167" refString="Westermann, F. (1993) Wing polymorphism in Capnia bifrons (Plecoptera: Capniidae). Aquatic Insects, 15 (3), 135 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429309361510" type="journal article" year="1993">Westermann 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="97DC4D01DD3CA63381EA69DCADE4DC98" authorityName="Chen" authorityYear="2019" box="[487,660,1948,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Leuctridae" genus="Paraleuctra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuihuashana">
|
||
<emphasis id="62A8EA90DD3CA63381EA69DCADE4DC98" box="[487,660,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">P. cuihuashana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected from the streamside grasses near a pool/run, where the water flow is reduced (Fig. 8). It would be of interest to determine the cause of the brachyptery of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |