295 lines
38 KiB
XML
295 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9243" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732" ID-GBIF-Dataset="47d621e3-3617-4b65-bdeb-9b46125dbd68" ID-PMC="PMC7769898" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1006-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" ID-PubMed="33442318" ID-ZooBank="5823BFE656FE419EBA575A95D2A3DC5D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1006-1" checkinTime="1608594948932" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yonow, Nathalie" docDate="2020" docId="E8DA8F4A93C15F1A9C85A23EE4C76E34" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1006: 1-34" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1006" docPubDate="2020-12-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732" docTitle="Phyllidiella amphitrite Yonow 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B451CAFE-B222-4A31-B891-F9A932594EA8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="AF8D4CD56A6A5E1383F796FD09CB0C90" masterDocTitle="Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732803660123" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="973F2FBC65B466B13CC3EDB45F124D70" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B5229EC3101917D602EF3E4C94F5F431">
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<mods:title id="DD6FAE8879900530A1D8B9DBA0F95413">Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="009A8ED8EF42C0E1E80DE5E58A8408C1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8ABF850BB51521F9BFDB81F962421E01">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CA260C3A4C7DD44341AF4A97073DBD33">Yonow, Nathalie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0E2586E02B000CD87D50F68874841761">Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA 2 8 PP, Wales, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2D013C5015F2A3F5247C1BFE37A5C882" type="email">n.yonow@swansea.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B072B1C15B69016DB939108B9D234E2E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A480D67F6F323496EDF598A517C2EE40">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D3F97253CD103B53AB7EF0450BC530C9">
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<mods:date id="62D052C15297D6CDB882E6F33B61ED32">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9663965C5C729925F22880E42780CE08">2020-12-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B96DE1A4A50DEB06963F17B129453D00">1006</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="65B90383CD97273C25C2337EF96E7A5A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DFB60C526CB55EADF6E041E242732D1F">34</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="2E1369BF64B85880D4960ECEA8F54152">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5F428C5AFE143136A9FBB59248DF565F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DFFD98CCC860BADF6AE0E26711F22A3B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73A416B64DA2D895C16D7E0FB737790B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1006-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8DA8F4A93C15F1A9C85A23EE4C76E34" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176232869" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B451CAFE-B222-4A31-B891-F9A932594EA8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8DA8F4A93C15F1A9C85A23EE4C76E34" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Phyllidiidae" scope_order="Nudibranchia" scope_subClass="Heterobranchia" scope_subOrder="Doridina">
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<subSubSection id="408848AFD195C17E6CAC5365FFE7138D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A4AAACFE9E3B8F9728D21698BDC86647" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="78F49DF9860ED22C3315F18C87345437" ID-CoL="7SPN9" LSID="http://zoobank.org/B451CAFE-B222-4A31-B891-F9A932594EA8" authority="Yonow, 2020" authorityName="Yonow" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella amphitrite" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphitrite" status="sp. nov.">Phyllidiella amphitrite</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="C0AA5076B94F2A88720B5F29B953755D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="9C2A8BB111F0B089DA3BAE05725059F0" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Plate 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585, Hurghada, Egypt, 09 August 2009 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489446" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="901C5485DC49E4E5F58C696AAA1D4F34" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585 A dorsal view B ventral view C detail of oral tentacles and anterior foot margin D drawing of oral tentacles, ' lips', and anterior foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">; Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="EB2C7EF76710C6E34443EEAF4E3D4077" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585, drawing of the digestive anatomy and the genitalia (the latter in heavier ink)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489448" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C97F8AB29214EE9D961A0E74B8FFDAA5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="308DA6C7C89E4C55244E858D553416DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11344D3206BE4B0D69954FD6B496BB88" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="1FDBD7A3D41762A5A1C27617DA8D38A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="E893487C1EF7C0D47558257B4146537A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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SMF 360585. Near Hurghada, Egypt, 09 August 2009, one specimen 28
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<normalizedToken id="B80895E63DFFE52505B30A19AD527954" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15 mm, bent (pres., alcohol), leg. and photograph S. Kahlbrock.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="83854410AADB73B3F754744F2B53CCE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D427DF8555A56BBCC5E1350828358CAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C047BE6CF11BE71D0CB9DC84E9EE3E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Relatively smooth phyllidiid with pale yellow crests and cones (instead of rounded tubercles). White areas granulate, black areas smooth. Sub-margin with single series of yellow and white patches and small crests and pointed tubercles, margin smooth and pale. Rhinophores black, extending from pale yellow raised sheaths. Very distinctive oral tentacles, trilobed with a median ridge (not digitiform as those of other species of
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<taxonomicName id="FDA90F6639C55DD8CD96BFBFCF7339D8" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C0085D577E50CE0A02E057D193422754" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Dorsal anus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6E14733083562ECC2955974AF91E53A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="23F7B09586760EA30FEFB05DEBDBFC16" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="02430202372139F6CB3FB8992F21EB1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The photograph of the living specimen depicts an animal which vaguely resembles a smudged
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<taxonomicName id="DE4F395AAB71868E3D6A0A494997DF52" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B2D21355443AA5F8D3B60A096E0281A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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'
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<taxonomicName id="00BA46D6AD4996EF9D25E08BE2155F21" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella pustulosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
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<emphasis id="B7CD8DD8F6B27B214D0001D51F231E15" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella pustulosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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' with yellow pigment on the top of its crests, which are loosely arranged in groups with black lines around them (Plate
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<figureCitation id="397A7DEEC08861416FB2DCA750E9ADC9" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Plate 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585, Hurghada, Egypt, 09 August 2009 (photograph S. Kahlbrock)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489446" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
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). These tuberculate areas comprise a large white area and the tubercles arise very sharply as crests or cones, both pale yellow. These crests are low, and those around the margin are either low cones or rounded on top. There are six of these elongated crests forming a ridge along the midline, grouped into three polygonal areas with two single ones situated behind the anus. The rhinophores are located on the anterior sides of the first cluster, and issue from raised sheaths which are faintly yellow; the rhinophores are associated with rhino-tubercles. The visible part of the right rhinophore in the photograph is black and densely lamellated, rounded at the tip. The individual marginal tubercles are very small and nipple-like with a large creamy white base. They are present as a single series along the submargin and the margin is smooth and pale.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="02759FF91937CAAA1E9067EF9DA7DEA4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489446" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 1" startId="F2">
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<paragraph id="C19B40D78185F694F9D44FBFD927D102" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="FFA6524CE8679EC0CFC8B8FC8AF2D8CA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4CA99D42F442989ED7934D1A2D7AE280" authorityName="Yonow" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella amphitrite" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
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<emphasis id="B1B10BB8C4533EF510F8F973E8FD8D59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella amphitrite</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585, Hurghada, Egypt, 09 August 2009 (photograph S. Kahlbrock).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="DD96A9731DB5FC81C8E04DCC367B4F91" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The preserved specimen is curved ventrally but everything is clearly visible (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="B3BE94CB77784745016ADDED3D03FEF8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585 A dorsal view B ventral view C detail of oral tentacles and anterior foot margin D drawing of oral tentacles, ' lips', and anterior foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1A</figureCitation>
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). The dorsal crests and cones are still present in the specimen and appear
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<normalizedToken id="CCE248AACAA3A328A72B6C1B26B7531D" originalValue="‘dirty’">'dirty'</normalizedToken>
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where they were coloured yellow. The anus is located on the posterior edge of the third tubercular cluster. The right rhinophore was removed and bears 17 lamellae, the lowest four of which are white, and a rounded distal tip. Ventrally, there is no black showing through the hyponotum, nor are there any black markings on the gill leaflets or oral tentacles in the preserved specimen. The foot sole has no black line. The oral tentacles, gill leaflets, and gonopore are all flesh-coloured (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="2E409274FADC20826639F3CD6D84098F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585 A dorsal view B ventral view C detail of oral tentacles and anterior foot margin D drawing of oral tentacles, ' lips', and anterior foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, C</figureCitation>
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). The oral tentacles are trilobed with a median ridge: the right one (specimen viewed ventrally) is upstanding and the left one is folded over (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="0CE87102CB28899E3F6AF24D263B9646" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585 A dorsal view B ventral view C detail of oral tentacles and anterior foot margin D drawing of oral tentacles, ' lips', and anterior foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1C, D</figureCitation>
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). The foot is folded longitudinally (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="7986017B699657B55C866F690B7D3B74" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 1. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585 A dorsal view B ventral view C detail of oral tentacles and anterior foot margin D drawing of oral tentacles, ' lips', and anterior foot margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1B, C, D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="5F7DE14FCF9B2DD2C6BC0F3A75AFFDEA" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489447" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 1" startId="F3">
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<paragraph id="4678DB62F9625ACF3E016E3846FCF425" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="1AC768F5C17C3E9AC19DAD75D24E7B3D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D5FEC5D4430E29BECD7E75E3E195FAEB" authorityName="Yonow" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella amphitrite" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
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<emphasis id="169CAAAA6C7160DC29B5F424368F6DC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella amphitrite</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585
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<emphasis id="D93111AF49ABB49E0B8B56F39D218788" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis id="01BB446107EBD5F8806B42F530AAED22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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ventral view
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<emphasis id="D86DBF82839149C5F2D224DD8F958DC9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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detail of oral tentacles and anterior foot margin
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<emphasis id="53E35790554BD60EA0C51D610022A011" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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drawing of oral tentacles,
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<normalizedToken id="99599BFE61FB8C0399FA7120340F6559" originalValue="‘lips’">'lips'</normalizedToken>
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, and anterior foot margin.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="A0631767CBE2F2F33818E1DD76FD69A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Anatomically, the dissection of the single specimen confirms placement in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="C0788B6EFC5A5B4F3E2E74E5B5FAD329" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0D2532572663F6F0E79368D15D6E285F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see Fig.
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<figureCitation id="168FE43B3E41F30797041CFC2AB07D45" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 2. Phyllidiella amphitrite sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585, drawing of the digestive anatomy and the genitalia (the latter in heavier ink)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489448" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
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). The internal organs were covered by a dark visceral envelope and beneath this was a smaller envelope anteriorly covering the pharynx, pharyngeal bulb, oral glands, and nervous system. When this was removed, a large mass of large leaf-like oral glands covered the pharynx and pharyngeal bulb. The first is long and muscular, forming a large loop. Two strong muscles attach the elongated and bent pharyngeal bulb to the body wall. The bursa copulatrix is a solid sphere with a reddish patch on the ventral-most side.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7745FF87A2231A4873FDA4FE7F74B890" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489448" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 2" startId="F4">
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<paragraph id="BE7F7AAC9964A0D21CEA5471CF229DBE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="0D48C34E98C2AF513F07665A3CA0ECC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C69A91999AFB48ADA56C859DA4C78EAF" authorityName="Yonow" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella amphitrite" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
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<emphasis id="2ADB707656CF3425112B426F4B050997" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella amphitrite</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., holotype SMF 360585, drawing of the digestive anatomy and the genitalia (the latter in heavier ink).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="73B241A0B1C70BA35945375B35711629" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="3194C33177DD059BEBFDED26EFCE76BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="74AF53C6A58B9B76031483938EF056E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The internal anatomy of this new species clearly places it in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA4ADCDA5DE10FC9AD8789E0D1895A87" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7BEF1BF2EEEAE544CE3D95107E02228" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the visceral envelope is black, the pharyngeal bulb is elongate and folded, the pharynx is thick and muscular but becomes tubular, and there are leaf-like glands overlying the pharynx and the bulb. However, there are no other known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11BE2419A9A2A0A93DE0A41E634BBFA2" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8D62E03F5F34A38A56DD50D2A37340E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with yellow pigmentation or with such unusual oral tentacles. Despite these two differences, it is described as a new member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CFDA9351B3926F575999F28CF40092CA" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CC488A0202E5751ECC590208F25F28D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to similarities in the digestive system.
|
||
<emphasis id="C78B2512E1DE68748582E404D350D0FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D29C5555008CA506AA4A386D60CB4E0A" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phyllidiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA7345489142D6C6D2248369E964D128" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella pustulosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">Phyllidiella pustulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
' is one of the most common species in the Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific, but there are no records of it having yellow tubercles or crests on the tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DEBEA52347D3DB1C85F6C11ADF3178E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="18813B145C8ED2F77827322A164E419F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E051EE574DF0E534756DE3BCE146AA78" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phyllidiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="219DF48314B6F53464BAC197A4B83020" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella pustulosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">Phyllidiella pustulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
' is always pink, green, or white underwater and in photographs, possibly depending on the lighting utilised; no species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1E58AB601DF804627FC0FAEAC9E3C9B8" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A520C53E4D23F8D9CA9BA7828C6324A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has any yellow pigmentation. There are, however, instances of very pale yellow markings in other genera, which may lead to misidentifications, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB17B84FA98546A450EB0B23F672602D" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="876435D871DDFED3E1D07235B2BA8EA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1BF78485A77FB0DD36AC1D45AEDDEA0C" author="Gosliner, TM" journalOrPublisher="Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B17" refString="Gosliner, TM, Behrens, DW, Valdes, A, 2008. Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers Natural History Books and the California Academy of Sciences, USA" title="Indo-Pacific Nudibranchs and Sea Slugs. A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna." year="2008">Gosliner et al. (2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 295) which is in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="011BEBD13DA099BB1554EE2EC6B433AB" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia elegans" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8CD38A24E3FC5825236AF826A2D2089" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the pattern of black and tubercles is typical, and a yellow tinge is clearly visible on the rhinophores. For comparison, a photograph of a very pale
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A835DCA9C3E6A10A4EB123F8CADDBF1F" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia varicosa" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="94E30C00BC504D181BB1FE2BC39F709C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is illustrated in Plate
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0CA743AF0C710916A463B24EDBF627D" captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Plate 2. Phyllidia varicosa, not collected, very pale individual, Makadi Bay, Egypt, 2013 (photograph Hsini Lin)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489449" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2</figureCitation>
|
||
, and another is available on Sea Slug Forum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D351B4985429342BC59992278502298C" author="Adams, MJ" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/9397" refId="B1" refString="Adams, MJ, 2003. (Mar 24) White Phyllidiavaricosa? from Burma. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/9397" title="(Mar 24) White Phyllidiavaricosa? from Burma. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney." url="http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/9397" year="2003">Adams 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). There are specimens in the Red Sea of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F2BB2EE5529B49DCE838050A54F97B8" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="P." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P." order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="883D08FEFC66B784814588F184F2D86C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF9D90BE0B8499BB72AAF4600282E95F" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia pustulosa" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B02BFDDD22F9393E24625E7B15079BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
' with a more pointed appearance (Plate
|
||
<figureCitation id="7A44B7C80D3F05BB5373EE268CBE9C12" captionStart="Plate 3" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Plate 3. Phyllidiella ' Phyllidiella pustulosa ', not collected, with pointed tubercles, Obhur Creek, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1980 ' s (photograph W. Pridgen)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
|
||
) which may eventually also be identified as a different species; but, it must be noted that these spikier variations also occur in other phyllidiid species, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACFDC9B2A45CFC79FD016476B2A48B51" authorityName="Yonow" authorityYear="1986" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia multifaria" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="multifaria">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E2D1B6789695F2BC3E3C34F47475EE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia multifaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Yonow, 1986: 1410, fig. 11i;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1D607967A90756C8C9D2623CE6D93515" author="Yonow, N" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="138 - 151" refId="B34" refString="Yonow, N, 1988. Red Sea Opisthobranchia 1: The family Phyllidiidae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). Fauna of Saudi Arabia 9: 138 - 151" title="Red Sea Opisthobranchia 1: The family Phyllidiidae (Mollusca, Nudibranchia)." volume="9" year="1988">Yonow 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 149, pl. 7).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7F47B464C67FCA8252D1AC4C0A08CFF6" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489449" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 2" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4373AABB82106E72CB07CCDA0995DF30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2F606D825AC943D6711A0F5B7E8E240" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE1EFFE0F404DBD441CAA355671DC11" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia varicosa" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="varicosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB6E8808B2F5158713A01750FE449FEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia varicosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not collected, very pale individual, Makadi Bay, Egypt, 2013 (photograph Hsini Lin).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E6BF3629008E98E2A6771D345BA8DBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B11A02F0D9D2D5221C42D367890F2D9F" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. amphitrite" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
|
||
<emphasis id="C4176E41AA91E13BCBE595547B16E01E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. amphitrite</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
looks like an aberrant form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2642D64083219263A11D53D1B12476DD" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="P." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P." order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1F124AEF62A19FF108E4B0A7D4AEBE01" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D450A395314FDADC4D83E0017DB6A2F" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella pustulosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CD5074E83C5CCD2545E961C8BCDE97F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
', the differences are enough to warrant specific separation for now, especially following the recent molecular work on the species complex in the western Pacific (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A63286EE36C001ED8EECB88B2C378F35" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.7136" author="Stoffels, BEMW" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 35" refId="B31" refString="Stoffels, BEMW, van der Meij, SET, Hoeksema, BW, van Alphen, J, van Alen, T, Meyers-Munoz, MA, De Voogd, NJ, Tuti, Y, van der Velde, G, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships within the Phyllidiidae (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia). ZooKeys 605: 1 - 35, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.7136" title="Phylogenetic relationships within the Phyllidiidae (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.605.7136" volume="605" year="2016">Stoffels et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1ED7B22EF2A7D4B3A61F994A2DF01531" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00783" author="Bogdanov, A" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural Products" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="2785 - 2796" refId="B6" refString="Bogdanov, A, Papu, A, Kehraus, S, Creusemann, M, Waegele, H, Koenig, G, 2020. Metabolome of the Phyllidiella pustulosa species complex (Nudibranchia, Heterobranchia, Gastropoda) reveals rare dichloroimidic sesquiterpene derivatives from a phylogenetically distinct and undescribed clade. Journal of Natural Products 83 (9): 2785 - 2796, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00783" title="Metabolome of the Phyllidiella pustulosa species complex (Nudibranchia, Heterobranchia, Gastropoda) reveals rare dichloroimidic sesquiterpene derivatives from a phylogenetically distinct and undescribed clade." url="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00783" volume="83" year="2020">Bogdanov 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see Remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E71187F64458EA73DB59CD38ADC48F9" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" genus="P." higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P." order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="99F1C0333036A84DDBE3FDFFEA7FF42B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="525070EBC3DDE2BABA8514181F0E3E33" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella pustulosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F4E482D1D244EC6642171845931E32EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
' in Appendix 1). No other phyllidiid has trilobed oral tentacles, a character which needs further examination when more specimens are collected. Species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="52D6A4FCE22972189E4608A38A7A180C" authorityName="Frierson" authorityYear="1927" class="Asteroidea" family="Porcellanasteridae" genus="Pustulosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="pustulosa" order="Paxillosida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AC5C3394D101CF308834F41B5A9EEF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia pustulosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex have triangular oral tentacles with a lateral groove and are tipped in black. With black rhinophores and a mass of leaf-like oral glands,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="148B2F2D377AB8D482AB0A1373B0BD5E" class="Gastropoda" family="Discodorididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. amphitrite" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="amphitrite">
|
||
<emphasis id="A84923A6A9838FF887EA3AD3D6178DD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. amphitrite</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly does not belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C56D9695BEC3D36AA7A2B455BC8988A8" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1797" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidia" order="Sacoglossa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2D01349E2B739E348AFACE95E8663B39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64787306972CCA298EEA68DCF639C573" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiopsis" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A07730C0A98256D3CB7FF271D70A9855" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and it is placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0646F7A7633A24DDDC6B4E52527FD1C" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="75E3A8D574BAF2C9CEAFBA8F22F8AFE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phyllidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the most parsimonious choice.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24775EA36EFE69AFB2E74A8F38C370FC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732.plate3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/489450" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Plate 3" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD8594325CB138E2C5CD413B62C04194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A05A125A003014B4A2354227B45B0B0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plate 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E606532E8D3012F4045395A6B74B4D3" authorityName="Bergh" authorityYear="1869" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Phyllidiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
'
|
||
<taxonomicName id="954F4DA7B10BAD89DF9C133516DA20C5" baseAuthorityName="Cuvier" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Gastropoda" family="Phyllidiidae" genus="Phyllidiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllidiella pustulosa" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pustulosa">Phyllidiella pustulosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
', not collected, with pointed tubercles, Obhur Creek, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1980's (photograph W. Pridgen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7E8585803DBB255A79575E46F419B515" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA6B538ECB6012C0C718B0F151675DF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A23EFE360BDAD39EECF7487FCC8B7DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The name was chosen for the wife of the ruler of the sea, Poseidon, in Greek mythology. She was called
|
||
<emphasis id="4B23CF9A0D83E4F7F1F97E498675A09C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="60D454C445615E58DEAF4B40686F9FCA" originalValue="Ἀμφιτρίτη">Ἀμφιτρίτη</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Amphitrite.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |