399 lines
54 KiB
XML
399 lines
54 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6ABA9631F21E8076F2E1A3D9D3A63E4A">A review of the Nearctic Odontomachus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Ponerinae) with a treatment of the males</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67DF583E368A257B03377BD232DAD6DE">Macgown, Joe A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9D7FE35A106827C7F124E9960BCD8119">Deyrup, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D75ED01D69BBD311384C6D2B2E0F7106">Sorger, D. Magdalena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4E422F3FDDABB407458B7C0CABC2C78A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="8E73399E16475CFE3A3310E488AD7FF9">3802</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C66787A55B3CFF889AE0F8B5FEC5FAC9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510672" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119429103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510672" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C66787A55B3CFF889AE0F8B5FEC5FAC9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C66787A55B3CFF889AE0F8B5FEC5FAC9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="540" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Ponerinae">
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<subSubSection id="06D465385B3CFF849AE0F8B5FE1CF88F" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3CFF849AE0F8B5FD2DF8EE" blockId="21.[151,704,1807,1867]" box="[151,704,1807,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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<heading id="153981DF5B3CFF849AE0F8B5FD2DF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,704,1807,1834]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3CFF849AE0F8B5FD2DF8EE" ID-CoL="48QBS" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,704,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
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<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3CFF849AE0F8B5FD2DF8EE" bold="true" box="[151,704,1807,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3CFF849AE0F8B5FE04F8ED" bold="true" box="[151,489,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">Odontomachus haematodus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF849B8FF8AAFD55F8EE" author="Linnaeus" box="[504,696,1808,1834]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3CFF849AE0F888FE1CF88F" blockId="21.[151,704,1807,1867]" box="[151,497,1842,1867]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849AE8F888FF00F88F" box="[159,237,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1277,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,1277,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Worker metasterna, anteroventral oblique view: (A) O. haematodus with both hindcoxae removed, arrow indicating elongate metasternal processes and (B) O. ruginodis with one hindcoxa removed, arrow indicating cleft ridge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849A8DF889FEFAF88F" box="[250,279,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="11.[151,249,658,680]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,636]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1435,193,637]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 11. Male metasterna, anteroventral oblique view, with arrow indicating sternal processes: (A) O. ruginodis and (B) O. haematodus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249907/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849B54F889FEACF88F" box="[291,321,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="22.[151,249,1943,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,318,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[153,1433,318,1921]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 18. Odontomachus haematodus, worker: (A) head in full-face view, (B) lateral habitus, (C) dorsal habitus, (D) mesosoma in dorsal view, (E) mesosoma in lateral view, (F) petiole in lateral view, and (G) first gastral tergite in dorsal view showing pubescence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.249913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249913/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849B3AF889FE86F88F" box="[333,363,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="23.[151,249,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1796]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[153,1433,185,1797]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 19. Odontomachus haematodus, male: (A) head in full-face view, (B) lateral habitus, (C) dorsal habitus, (D) body in lateral view, (E) mesosoma in lateral view, (F) body in dorsal view, and (G) mesosoma in dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.249914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249914/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849B00F889FE78F88F" box="[375,405,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1961,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,553,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1435,553,1939]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 24. Male Odontomachus abdominal sternum IX, mesal view; all scale bars 0.2 mm. (A) Odontomachus brunneus; (B) O. clarus; (C) O. desertorum; (D) O. haematodus; (E) O. relictus; (F) O. ruginodis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249918/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">24</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849BD6F888FE52F88F" box="[417,447,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1512,1534]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1489]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1435,193,1491]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 25. Male Odontomachus genitalic sclerites, left-hand side; arrows indicate anterior; all scale bars 0.2 mm. (A – F) Paramere and volsella, medial view; (G – L) penisvalva, lateral view. (A, G) Odontomachus brunneus; (B, H) O. clarus; (C, I) O. desertorum; (D, J) O. haematodus; (E, K) O. relictus; (F, L) O. ruginodis. Abbreviations: ADL = apicodorsal lobe; AP = apicoventral process; AVP = anteroventral process; BM = basimere; CU = cuspis; DI = digitus; DLC = dorsolateral carina; DS = diagonal sclerotization; SAL = subapical lamina; TM = telomere; VC = valviceps; VO = volsella; VU = valvura." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249919/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">25</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3CFF849BBCF888FE05F88F" box="[459,488,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1060,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1435,1060,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Map of the southern United States (by county) and northern Mexico (by state) showing the known occurrences of Odontomachus brunneus (black square), O. clarus (black circle), O. desertorum (magenta square), O. haematodus (yellow square), O. relictus (red triangle), and O. ruginodis (orange and white circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249920/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="06D465385B3CFF879AE0F8C1FDE0FECE" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="537" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3CFF849AE0F8C1FCB3F86B" blockId="21.[151,1436,1914,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EDE119D5B3CFF849AE0F8C1FCB3F86B" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3CFF849AE0F8C1FDADF854" ID-CoL="CLW36" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 582" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="582" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,576,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoda">
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<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3CFF849AE0F8C1FE8AF854" box="[151,359,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">Formica haematoda</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF849B19F8C0FDADF854" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509159" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509159" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EBBA3176-6D80-490B-9F90-3A47BC468BDA" author="Linnaeus" box="[366,576,1914,1936]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FF6EF675F585A25D52772B20D71F3F8" page="582" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1758">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF849B19F8C0FDE2F854" author="Linnaeus" box="[366,527,1914,1936]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [= Stockholm], 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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: 582
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(queen) “
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<collectingCountry id="36D976235B3CFF8498D1F8C0FD12F854" box="[678,767,1914,1936]" name="United States of America" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">America</collectingCountry>
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Meridionali;
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<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF8499F9F8C1FBC1F854" author="Emery" box="[910,1068,1914,1936]" page="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1899">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF8499F9F8C1FBF9F854" author="Emery" box="[910,1044,1914,1936]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Emery, C. (1899) Intorno alle larve di alcune formiche. Rendiconti delle Sessioni della Reale Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (n. s.), 3, 93." type="journal article" year="1899">Emery, 1899</bibRefCitation>
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: 5
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</treatmentCitation>
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(larva);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF849EF1F8C0FF00F86B" author="Wheeler" page="646" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF849EF1F8C0FA74F854" author="Wheeler" box="[1158,1433,1914,1936]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Wheeler, W. M. & Wheeler, J. (1952) The ant larvae of the subfamily Ponerinae-Part II. American Midland Naturalist, 48, 604 - 672. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422200" type="journal article" year="1952">Wheeler & Wheeler, 1952</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 646
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(larva). Combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3CFF849B9FF823FCB7F86B" ID-CoL="66Y3" authority="Latreille, 1804: 179" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1804" box="[488,858,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3CFF849B9FF823FD6CF86B" box="[488,641,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">Odontomachus</emphasis>
|
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF8498F9F823FCB7F86B" author="Latreille" box="[654,858,1945,1967]" page="179" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1804">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF8498F9F823FCC5F86B" author="Latreille" box="[654,808,1945,1967]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1804) Tableau methodique des insectes. In: Societ de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs 1804. Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Tome 24. Deterville, Paris, pp. 129 - 200." type="book chapter" year="1804">Latreille, 1804</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 179
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3CFF849AE0F803FED9F828" blockId="21.[151,1436,1914,2028]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EDE119D5B3CFF849AE0F803FED9F828" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">
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<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3CFF849AE0F803FDC7F80A" ID-CoL="6JGGW" authority="DeGeer, 1773: 601" authorityName="DeGeer" authorityPageNumber="601" authorityYear="1773" box="[151,554,1976,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maxillosa">
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<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3CFF849AE0F803FEB5F80A" box="[151,344,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">Formica maxillosa</emphasis>
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||
DeGeer, 1773: 601
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. Junior synonym of
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||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3CFF849976F803FB88F80A" ID-CoL="48QBS" authority="Retzius, 1783: 75" authorityName="Retzius" authorityPageNumber="75" authorityYear="1783" box="[769,1125,1976,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
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||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3CFF849976F803FC71F80A" box="[769,924,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="536">O. haematodus</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF8499DBF802FB88F80A" author="Retzius" box="[940,1125,1976,1998]" page="75" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1783">
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<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF8499DBF802FBD3F80A" author="Retzius" box="[940,1086,1976,1998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Retzius, A. J. (1783) Caroli de Geer. Genera et species insectorum e generosissimi auctoris scriptis extraxit, digessit, Latine quoad partem reddidit, et terminologiam insectorum Linneanam addidit. Cruse, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], 220 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 35661" type="book" year="1783">Retzius, 1783</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 75
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF849E05F802FADEF80A" author="Olivier" box="[1138,1331,1976,1998]" page="502" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1792">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF849E05F802FB13F80A" author="Olivier" box="[1138,1278,1976,1998]" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Olivier, A. G. (1792) Encyclopedie methodique. Histoire naturelle. Insectes. Tome 6. (pt. 2). Panckoucke, Paris, pp. 369 - 704." type="journal article" year="1792">Olivier, 1792</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 502
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3CFF849F37F802FEDDF828" author="Latreille" page="192" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" year="1802">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3CFF849F37F802FF10F828" author="Latreille" pageId="21" pageNumber="536" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle des fourmis, et recueil de memoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignees, les faucheurs, et autres insectes. Impr. Crapelet (chez T. Barrois), Paris, xvi + 445 pp." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 192
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3FFF879AE0FF22FA71FF2F" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EDE119D5B3FFF879AE0FF22FA71FF2F" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879AE0FF22FD62FF6A" ID-CoL="CMB2V" authority="Smith, F., 1858: 78" authorityName="Smith, F." authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1858" box="[151,655,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutiusculus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879AE0FF22FE29FF6A" box="[151,452,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">Odontomachus hirsutiusculus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879BBCFF22FD62FF6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507426" author="Smith" box="[459,655,152,174]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4EEFCA44D6952971AC8077B0B40B9E4" page="78" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1858">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879BBCFF22FD84FF6A" author="Smith" box="[459,617,152,174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Smith, F. (1858) Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae. British Museum, London, 216 pp." type="book" year="1858">Smith, F., 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 78
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF87992AFF23FB44FF6A" ID-CoL="48QBS" authority="Roger, 1861: 24" authorityName="Roger" authorityPageNumber="24" authorityYear="1861" box="[861,1193,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF87992AFF23FC1BFF6A" box="[861,1014,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879E74FF23FB44FF6A" author="Roger" box="[1027,1193,152,174]" page="24" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1861">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879E74FF23FB6EFF6A" author="Roger" box="[1027,1155,152,174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Roger, J. (1861) Die Ponera - artigen Ameisen (Schluss). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 5, 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1861">Roger, 1861</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 24
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879EC4FF23FA83FF6A" author="Brown" box="[1203,1390,152,174]" page="104" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879EC4FF23FAD6FF6A" author="Brown" box="[1203,1339,152,174]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Brown, W. L. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters Genus Odontomachus. Stutia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 104
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879AE0FF0CFE4BFF08" box="[151,422,182,204]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematoda">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879AE0FF0CFE4BFF08" box="[151,422,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">Odontomachus haematoda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879BDAFF0DFD14FF08" authority="Crawley, 1916: 368" authorityName="Crawley" authorityPageNumber="368" authorityYear="1916" box="[429,761,182,204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" rank="variety" variety="pallipes">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879BAEFF0CFDC4FF08" box="[473,553,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">pallipes</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879858FF0CFD14FF08" author="Crawley" box="[559,761,182,204]" page="368" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1916">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879858FF0CFD2BFF08" author="Crawley" box="[559,710,182,204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Crawley, W. C. (1916) Ants from British Guiana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 17, 366 - 378. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931608693799" type="journal article" year="1916">Crawley, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 368
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF8799B0FF0DFAC5FF08" ID-CoL="48QBS" authority="Brown, 1976: 104" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1976" box="[967,1320,182,204]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF8799B0FF0DFB8DFF08" box="[967,1120,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879E1AFF0DFAC5FF08" author="Brown" box="[1133,1320,182,204]" page="104" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879E1AFF0DFB18FF08" author="Brown" box="[1133,1269,182,204]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Brown, W. L. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters Genus Odontomachus. Stutia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 104
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879AE0FF6FFE55FF2F" ID-CoL="48QBS" box="[151,440,213,235]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879AE0FF6FFE55FF2F" box="[151,440,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">Odontomachus haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879BB0FF6CFC56FF2F" authority="Emery, 1893: 91" authorityName="Emery" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1893" box="[455,955,213,235]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" rank="variety" subSpecies="pubescens" variety="beuneipes">
|
||
r.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879B94FF6FFDA6FF2F" box="[483,587,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF8798FAFF6FFD1FFF2F" box="[653,754,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">beuneipes</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879977FF6CFC56FF2F" author="Emery" box="[768,955,213,235]" page="91" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1893">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879977FF6CFC60FF2F" author="Emery" box="[768,909,213,235]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Emery, C. (1893) Notice sur quelques fourmis des iles Galapagos. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 62, 89 - 92." type="journal article" year="1893">Emery, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 91
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unavailable name; material referred to
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879FF4FF6CFA71FF2F" box="[1411,1436,214,235]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">O.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3FFF879AB0FF4EFDE0FECE" blockId="22.[151,1436,152,266]" box="[199,525,244,266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6EDE119D5B3FFF879AB0FF4EFDE0FECE" box="[199,525,244,266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879AB0FF4EFDE4FECE" ID-CoL="48QBS" authority="Brown, 1976: 104" authorityName="Brown" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1976" box="[199,521,244,266]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879AB0FF4EFEACFECE" box="[199,321,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CF6F10A25B3FFF879B39FF4FFDE4FECE" author="Brown" box="[334,521,244,266]" page="104" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" year="1976">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B3FFF879B39FF4FFE3BFECE" author="Brown" box="[334,470,244,266]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" refString="Brown, W. L. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters Genus Odontomachus. Stutia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 104
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="1AB1663B5B3FFF879AE0F82DFE82F82E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.249913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249913/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" targetBox="[153,1433,318,1920]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3FFF879AE0F82DFE82F82E" blockId="22.[151,1436,1943,2026]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879AE0F82DFECEF869" bold="true" box="[151,291,1943,1965]" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3FFF879B5AF82DFDA1F869" box="[301,588,1943,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3FFF879B5AF82DFDA1F869" box="[301,588,1943,1965]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="537">Odontomachus haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, worker: (A) head in full-face view, (B) lateral habitus, (C) dorsal habitus, (D) mesosoma in dorsal view, (E) mesosoma in lateral view, (F) petiole in lateral view, and (G) first gastral tergite in dorsal view showing pubescence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1AB1663B5B3EFF869AE0F8A8FB72F883" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.249914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249914/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="538" targetBox="[153,1433,185,1796]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3EFF869AE0F8A8FB72F883" blockId="23.[151,1436,1810,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3EFF869AE0F8A8FEF2F8EC" bold="true" box="[151,287,1810,1832]" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3EFF869B52F8A8FDD2F8EC" box="[293,575,1810,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3EFF869B52F8A8FDD2F8EC" box="[293,575,1810,1832]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">Odontomachus haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male: (A) head in full-face view, (B) lateral habitus, (C) dorsal habitus, (D) body in lateral view, (E) mesosoma in lateral view, (F) body in dorsal view, and (G) mesosoma in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06D465385B3EFF899AE0F8D4FBCFFED8" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="23" pageNumber="538" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B3EFF899AE0F8D4FBCFFED8" blockId="23.[151,1436,1902,2035]" lastBlockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3EFF869AE0F8D4FEFCF843" bold="true" box="[151,273,1902,1927]" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Workers in the Nearctic region are identified by their unique large size, dark color, lightly shagreened gastral dorsum, and presence of elongate metasternal processes between the hind coxae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B3EFF869E01F828FB54F86E" box="[1142,1209,1938,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1277,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,1277,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Worker metasterna, anteroventral oblique view: (A) O. haematodus with both hindcoxae removed, arrow indicating elongate metasternal processes and (B) O. ruginodis with one hindcoxa removed, arrow indicating cleft ridge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249899/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), a character unique for the Nearctic fauna. The yellow colored males are most similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B3EFF8699C8F80DFBBEF80A" box="[959,1107,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="538">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B3EFF8699C8F80DFBA2F80A" box="[959,1103,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">O. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but can be separated by the following: 1) ocelli small, weakly bulging past posterior head margin; 2) posterior propodeal face offset dorsally and laterally by distinct carina; 3) metasternal processes long and narrow; and by numerous genitalic characters. Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B31FF899B52FF06FE3DFF10" box="[293,464,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF899B52FF06FE3DFF10" box="[293,464,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique among Nearctic species, with the telomere distinctly taller than long. The ninth abdominal sternum is most similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B31FF8998AFFF5AFC8AFF3C" box="[728,871,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginodis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF8998AFFF5AFC8AFF3C" box="[728,871,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">O. ruginodis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, having similarly proportioned discs and strongly constricted posterior lobes, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B31FF899B80FEBEFD4DFED8" box="[503,672,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF899B80FEBEFD4DFED8" box="[503,672,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broader posterior lobe apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06D465385B31FF899AB0FE9DFE29F9E9" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B31FF899AB0FE9DFBFDFCF3" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF899AB0FE9DFEB4FE84" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Worker: HL 2.32–2.75, HW 1.88–2.16, SL 2.16–2.48, EL 0.44–0.54, ML 1.38–1.56, WL 3.04–3.48, PTH 1.22–1.38, PTL 0.54–0.60 (n=10). Entire body generally shiny except where dulled by dense pubescence; concolorous dark reddish-brown to blackish. Head with fine, longitudinal striae covering much of the head in full-face view, striae beginning from frontal lobes and diverging toward posterior corners of head, fading at corners and sides; sides and underside of head lacking sculpture; with numerous, fine, appressed pubescence and scattered elongate, erect setae present (dorsally). Pronotum with somewhat circular concentric striae that become longitudinal near rear margin; appressed pubescence abundant; 5-8 elongate, erect setae present. Mesonotum and propodeum with deep transverse striae; propleuron, mesopleuron, and basalar lobe lacking sculpture; abundant pubescence present dorsally. Metasternum with paired narrowed, elongate, spiniform processes between hind coxae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B31FF899A9DFDD6FEC3FD40" box="[234,302,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,249,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1277,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1435,1277,1958]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Worker metasterna, anteroventral oblique view: (A) O. haematodus with both hindcoxae removed, arrow indicating elongate metasternal processes and (B) O. ruginodis with one hindcoxa removed, arrow indicating cleft ridge." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249899/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Petiole widest at base, gradually tapering apically to a long spine directed rearward; transverse striae completely surrounding petiole except upper dorso-posteriorly where striae are faint or lacking; subpetiolar process somewhat anvil shaped; appressed pubescence present anteriorly and laterally, but mostly absent posteriorly. Gaster mostly shiny beneath pubescence, lacking striae or other strong sculpture, but weakly shagreened (seen at high magnification); fine, appressed pubescence moderately dense, spaces between hairs usually less than 1/2 the length of a hair; scattered erect, elongate setae present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B31FF899AB0FCFEFAA5FA59" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Male: HL 1.00–1.12, HW 1.20–1.30, SL 0.18–0.20, EL 0.62–0.68, EW 0.36–0.40, OL 0.18–0.20, OES 0.20–0.22, WL 2.68–2.83, PTH 0.90–0.94, PTL 0.50–0.56, FWL 4.70–5.45 (n=5). Body generally shiny except where obscured by dense pubescence; head, meso- and metasoma yellowish-orange, antenna and legs pale yellowish-orange. Head and body with abundant fine, white pubescence except on anepisternum, where it is mostly absent. Eyes extremely large, maximum diameter of each eye at least 70% of the length of the head in full-face view. Ocelli small to average in size, the length of each ocellus slightly less to approximately the same as the distance between lateral ocellus and eye margin; in full-face view, lateral ocelli do not protrude beyond posterior border of head. Mesosoma: pronotum with faint transverse striae, especially laterally, but mostly appearing to lack sculpture; mesoscutum with faint transversely arcuate striae anteriorly, striae becoming transverse posteriorly; mesoscutellum raised and convex, lacking sculpture; propodeum evenly rounded without obvious declivious face, with strong rugoreticulation; mesopleuron mostly lacking striae or with very faint longitudinal striae. Petiole bluntly rounded apically, with rounded triangular subpetiolar process anteriorly; densely pubescent anteriorly and laterally, but reduced pubescence posteriorly. Abdominal sternum IX disc subrectangular, breadth about twice length; posterior lobe length about twice maximum lobe width, basal half strongly narrowed. Telomeral apex very narrowly rounded, nearly angular; telomere length distinctly shorter than height; valviceps apex weakly produced, broad; apical margin of valviceps linear; vertical portion of dorsolateral carina and lateral margin of subapical lamina meeting at an angle; apicodorsal lobe of valviceps narrow, somewhat short; subapical lamina broad.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B31FF899AB0FA12FE29F9E9" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Queen: HL 2.48–2.55, HW 2.14–2.00, SL 2.35–2.36, EL 0.52–0.55, ML 1.56–1.58, OL 0.12–0.13, WL 3.56- 3.60, PTH 1.28–1.62, PTL 0.58–0.66, FWL 6.5 (n=2 except for FWL for which only one individual had wings). Similar to workers in color and general appearance except with mesosoma developed for wings and with wings present in alate specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06D465385B31FF899AB0F98DFBECF818" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B31FF899AB0F98DFBECF818" blockId="24.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF899AB0F98DFD80F994" bold="true" box="[199,621,1591,1616]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D6F52A365B31FF899B1DF98DFE2CF994" box="[362,449,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1854,1876]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1060,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1435,1060,1833]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 26. Map of the southern United States (by county) and northern Mexico (by state) showing the known occurrences of Odontomachus brunneus (black square), O. clarus (black circle), O. desertorum (magenta square), O. haematodus (yellow square), O. relictus (red triangle), and O. ruginodis (orange and white circle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249920/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
, Appendix 1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Due to misidentifications, the worldwide distribution of this species is not clearly understood at this time. However, based on recent examination of numerous specimens from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF899F3EF9E6FA82F9B0" box="[1353,1391,1628,1652]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the distributional records for this species from this country given here (Appendix 1) can be considered reliable. Additionally, specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF899B84F91EFDD7F979" box="[499,570,1700,1725]" name="Brazil" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF89983EF91EFD1EF979" box="[585,755,1700,1725]" name="Guyana" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">British Guiana</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF899943F91FFC85F978" box="[820,872,1701,1724]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B31FF899E3EF91EFB18F978" box="[1097,1269,1700,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF899E3EF91EFB18F978" box="[1097,1269,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by MacGown [LSAM, UGCA, and UMMZ].
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B31FF899B80F972FD78F924" author="Brown" box="[503,661,1735,1760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" refString="Brown, W. L. (1976) Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, subtribal characters Genus Odontomachus. Stutia Entomologica, 19, 67 - 171." type="journal article" year="1976">Brown (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported this species' distribution as continental South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF899E89F97DFAB3F924" box="[1278,1374,1735,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
from Orinoco Delta to Tucuma,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF899BB8F956FDAFF8C1" box="[463,578,1772,1797]" name="Argentina" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B31FF899827F956FCFDF8C0" author="McGlynn" box="[592,784,1772,1797]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" refString="McGlynn, T. P. (1999) The worldwide transfer of ants: Geographical distribution and ecological invasions. Journal of Biogeography, 26, 535 - 548. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.1999.00310. x" type="journal article" year="1999">McGlynn (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B31FF8999F6F956FBC0F8C0" box="[897,1069,1772,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF8999F6F956FBC0F8C0" box="[897,1069,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as being introduced to Hawaii; however, these records have not been verified, nor is this species thought to have been established in that state.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B31FF899AE0F88EFE29F889" box="[151,452,1844,1869]" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" refString="Krushelnycky, P. D., Loope, L. L. & Reimer, N. J. (2005) The ecology, policy, and management of ants in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 37, 1 - 25." type="journal article">
|
||
Krushelnycky
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF899B4CF88FFE87F888" box="[315,362,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B31FF89980DF88EFCCEF888" box="[634,803,1844,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B31FF89980DF88EFCCEF888" box="[634,803,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their recent list of ant species from Hawaii. In the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF899F0FF88EFA71F888" box="[1400,1436,1844,1868]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
we have verified records of established populations of this species only from the Gulf Coast region, specifically from: Alabama: Baldwin, Escambia, and Mobile Counties. Florida: Escambia County. Louisiana: Orleans Parish. Mississippi: Greene and Jackson Counties. Distributional information for
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B31FF89998FF81AFBF1F87C" box="[1016,1052,1952,1976]" name="United States of America" pageId="24" pageNumber="539">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens from AntWeb (2013) (Florida record), and examination of specimens in AUEM, MEM and USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="06D465385B30FF889AB0FF2DFEC5FAC9" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B30FF889AB0FF2DFAF8FEA0" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889AB0FF2DFEA1FF74" bold="true" box="[199,332,151,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889B22FF22FD63FF74" box="[341,654,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889B22FF22FD63FF74" box="[341,654,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">Odontomachus haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is native to South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B30FF88991DFF2DFC23FF74" box="[874,974,151,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The earliest record in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B30FF889F73FF22FAC5FF74" box="[1284,1320,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
we found was of three specimens collected on
|
||
<date id="3A7010735B30FF889858FF06FD58FF11" box="[559,693,188,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" value="1956-06-01">1 June 1956</date>
|
||
from Mobile, Alabama. These specimens were borrowed from the USNM and examined by MacGown. Earliest MEM records are from 2000 from Baldwin County, Alabama, by which time this species had become locally abundant. Until recently, specimens of this species from the Gulf Coast were identified as
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889B06FE92FD74FE84" box="[369,665,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889B06FE92FE11FE84" box="[369,508,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">O. insularis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF88987CFE92FD74FE84" box="[523,665,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">O. brunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and/or
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF88988AFE92FC7AFE84" box="[765,919,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF88988AFE92FC7EFE84" box="[765,915,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginodis">O. ruginodis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
However, after examination of workers and males of all three species, it became clear that this now-common Gulf Coast species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889E13FEF6FAE0FEA0" box="[1124,1293,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889E13FEF6FAE0FEA0" box="[1124,1293,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B30FF889AB0FED5FD4DFC0C" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">
|
||
This species has been collected in a variety of habitats along the Gulf Coast including bottomland forests, pine forests, in a mixed forest at the edge of estuary, at the edge of a pitcher plant bog, fore dunes, shell midden, pine savanna, sandhill, and in residential areas. In non-urban areas, nests have been discovered in the soil, in leaf litter, in rotting logs and stumps, at tree bases, in dead parts of standing live trees (colonies observed in tree cavities at least 2.0 m from ground level); in urban areas nests have been discovered under mulch, debris, under roots of ornamental grass bushes, in building foundations, and under PVC pipes. Colonies range in size from less than a hundred workers to several thousand with some colonies polygynous. Similar to other members of the genus, workers are typically nocturnal, but may also forage during the day. In areas in the Gulf Coast where this species occurs, populations may be extremely abundant, especially in parts of Baldwin and Mobile Counties, Alabama; and Jackson County, Mississippi. Large populations have also been observed at the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans, Louisiana (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B30FF889B60FD62FEA1FD34" box="[279,332,728,752]" name="Iran" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">Pers</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Comm. Fred Larabee and Andy Saurez). Compared to other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B30FF889E69FD62FBAFFD34" box="[1054,1090,728,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889ED9FD62FAB7FD34" box="[1198,1370,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889ED9FD62FAB7FD34" box="[1198,1370,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an aggressive stinger. Upon placing one's hand in leaf litter where a nest is located, workers may immediately sting. The sting is painful, but not long lasting (MacGown, personal observation). Homeowner's in southern Mississippi have complained of bites and stings received from this species (MacGown, unpublished data). One homeowner stated, "[the] ants would latch on with their mandibles and sting repeatedly, lashing out with their abdomens. One ant can sting 4–5 times before you realize it. They are very aggressive." Alate males and queens have been collected from late June through early August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4E7136B35B30FF889AB0FC6FFEC5FAC9" blockId="25.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">
|
||
It is clear from collecting records that the abundance of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889911FC6EFBF9FC28" box="[870,1044,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889911FC6EFBF9FC28" box="[870,1044,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
along the Gulf Coast is a recent phenomenon, and it is also clear that this species is continuing to spread. This suggests that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889ED9FC42FAB5FBD4" box="[1198,1368,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889ED9FC42FAB5FBD4" box="[1198,1368,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spent around 50 years in North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36D976235B30FF889BCCFBA6FDF6FBF1" box="[443,539,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
before some threshold condition allowed it to form such large populations that they became conspicuous. This kind of history would not be unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF8899CAFBFAFB8AFB9C" box="[957,1127,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF8899CAFBFAFB8AFB9C" box="[957,1127,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889E01FBFAFA81FB9C" box="[1142,1388,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889E01FBFAFA81FB9C" box="[1142,1388,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">Camponotus planatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example was restricted to a small area of tropical Florida for many decades, arriving some time before 1910 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B30FF889AE9FB32FE69FB64" author="Deyrup" box="[158,388,1159,1184]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" refString="Deyrup, M., Cover, S. & Davis, L. (2000) Exotic ants in Florida. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 126, 293 - 325." type="journal article" year="2000">Deyrup et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is now common in some sites (including some natural habitats) in central peninsular Florida (Deyrup 2014, unpublished data) and has even been recorded in Mississippi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A5F4B425B30FF889EA3FB16FA7CFB00" author="MacGown" box="[1236,1425,1196,1220]" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" refString="MacGown, J. A. (2010) Camponotus planatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an exotic carpenter ant found in Mississippi. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences, 55, 187 - 188." type="journal article" year="2010">MacGown 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is always possible, however, that the 1956 collection of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89CE4D305B30FF889915FB6AFBFCFB2C" box="[866,1041,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haematodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7CBAEAA15B30FF889915FB6AFBFCFB2C" box="[866,1041,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="540">O. haematodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents an independent failed introduction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |