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<document id="23A28EF1B172A34081DDFE7BCA6BA6DA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3699337" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cc297f95-c774-4eb7-9cb2-eedeaa37c7fc" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3699337" ID-ZooBank="322DABD4-EDB4-43D1-9140-4238E3C6C22F" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583499638779" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Stout, Todd L." docDate="2018" docId="7978DC7CFFABC766FF33C2E74D51FEEB" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0615.1-38.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 615" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Anthocharis julia" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="8541A404FFAEC760FFF3C1454879FF9F" masterDocTitle="A review of three species-level taxa of the Anthocharis sara complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698725544494" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="59AF9BA6639D03955E445D355DBA147B">A review of three species-level taxa of the Anthocharis sara complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B436201EE04016C1B90448C5819D31CB">Stout, Todd L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="68180CFDC3DE07279DB1CBEEF3098998">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="7978DC7CFFABC766FF33C2E74D51FEEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3704754" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162462999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3704754" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7978DC7CFFABC766FF33C2E74D51FEEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7978DC7CFFABC766FF33C2E74D51FEEB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="F16E6D6AFFABC765FF33C2E74AEFFBE1" blockId="5.[192,1441,930,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FF33C2E749C5FC25" bold="true" box="[192,444,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="B9CB3EE1FFABC765FF33C2E749C1FC25" box="[192,440,930,954]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<heading id="AA26DA06FFABC765FF33C2E749C1FC25" box="[192,440,930,954]" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FF33C2E749C1FC25" ID-CoL="67C9P" baseAuthorityName="Opler" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[192,440,930,954]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">Anthocharis julia</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</subSubSection>
.
</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="B9CB3EE1FFABC765FE35C2E64AEFFBE1" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
The species with the most expansive distribution within the sara complex is
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FA75C2E64880FC44" baseAuthorityName="Opler" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FA75C2E64880FC44" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it frequents mountain canyons and forested riparian situations from mid-range elevations of the central Sierra
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FE9CC2A149B4FC63" box="[367,461,996,1020]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Nevada</collectingRegion>
(
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FE2FC2A14A04FC64" box="[476,637,995,1019]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="stella">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FE2FC2A14A04FC64" box="[476,637,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) east through the higher elevations of the Great Basin of northern
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FF33C5414967FB83" box="[192,286,1028,1052]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Nevada</collectingRegion>
and western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FE30C5414A7BFB83" box="[451,514,1028,1052]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Utah</collectingRegion>
(
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FDE1C5414BFCFB83" authority="Pelham, 2008" authorityName="Pelham" authorityYear="2008" box="[530,901,1028,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FDE1C5414AABFB83" box="[530,722,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FD29C5414BFCFB83" author="Pelham" box="[730,901,1028,1052]" firstAuthor="Pelham" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15856" refString="Pelham, J. P. 2008. A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada: with a complete bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 40: xiv + 658 p." type="book" year="2008">Pelham, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). Prior to the description of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FB2AC5414DE1FB83" authorityName="Pelham" authorityYear="2008" box="[1241,1432,1028,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FB2AC5414DE1FB83" box="[1241,1432,1028,1052]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FE57C5604A3EFBA3" box="[420,583,1060,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="stella">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FE57C5604A3EFBA3" box="[420,583,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was expansive from central
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FC51C5604C67FBA2" box="[930,1054,1061,1085]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">California</collectingRegion>
and western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FB31C5604D59FBA2" box="[1218,1312,1061,1085]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Nevada</collectingRegion>
north and east through portions of several states and Canadian provinces discussed below in the current distribution of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FEE6C5234AE8FBE1" authority="(Pelham 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[277,657,1125,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FEE6C52349ACFBE2" box="[277,469,1125,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FE17C5234AF0FBE1" author="Pelham" box="[484,649,1126,1150]" firstAuthor="Pelham" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15856" refString="Pelham, J. P. 2008. A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada: with a complete bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 40: xiv + 658 p." type="book" year="2008">Pelham 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16E6D6AFFABC765FF1BC5C34A2DFABF" blockId="5.[192,1441,930,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
Adult phenotypes of Northern
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FDAFC5C34AE2FB01" box="[604,667,1158,1182]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Utah</collectingRegion>
populations of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FCA7C5C34BD7FB01" baseAuthorityName="Opler" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[852,942,1158,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FCA7C5C34BD7FB01" box="[852,942,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest that
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FBA1C5C34887FB21" authority="Skinner, 1906" authorityName="Skinner" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="browningi">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FBA1C5C34D49FB01" box="[1106,1328,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia browningi</emphasis>
Skinner, 1906
</taxonomicName>
, is restricted to the Wasatch and Bear River Range (Cache County) and is surrounded in the state by populations of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FE65C5824A2DFB40" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[406,596,1223,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FE65C5824A2DFB40" box="[406,596,1223,1247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
both to the west in isolated, higher elevational forested habitat of the Great Basin as well as to the east of the Wasatch Range in the Uinta Mountains and southeast along portions of the
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FE8BC44D499CFABF" box="[376,485,1288,1312]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Colorado</collectingRegion>
Plateau.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16E6D6AFFABC765FF1BC46C4915F91A" blockId="5.[192,1441,930,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
In western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FE88C46D4992FADF" box="[379,491,1320,1344]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Colorado</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FE09C46D4BE2FADF" authority="Stout, 2012" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2012" box="[506,923,1320,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="prestonorum">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FE09C46D4A84FADF" box="[506,765,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia prestonorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FCFBC46D4BE2FADF" author="Stout" box="[776,923,1320,1344]" firstAuthor="Stout" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16223" refString="Stout, T. L. 2012. Anthocharis julia prestonorum New Subspecies from Western Colorado. p. 8 - 12 In: M. S. Fisher. The Butterflies of Colorado, Pieridae and Papilionidae - Part 5, The Whites, Sulphurs, and Swallowtails. Lepidoptera of North America 7.5. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO. 192 p. + color plates." type="book" year="2012">Stout, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, flies on the west side of the continental divide and
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FEB4C40C499BFAFF" authority="julia" box="[327,482,1352,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="julia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FEB4C40C499BFAFF" box="[327,482,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flies on the east side of the continental divide (
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FBD2C40C4CCEFAFE" author="Fisher" box="[1057,1207,1353,1377]" firstAuthor="Fisher" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15478" refString="Fisher, M. S. 2012. The Butterflies of Colorado, Pieridae and Papilionidae - Part 5, The Whites, Sulphurs, and Swallowtails. Lepidoptera of North America 7.5. Contributions of the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University; Fort Collins, CO. 192 p." type="book" year="2012">Fisher 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FB39C40D4880FA1E" authority="julia" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="julia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FB39C40D4880FA1E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Anthocharis julia julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be found to the north in SE
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FD34C42C4B42FA1E" box="[711,827,1385,1409]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
where a void is created in Wyoming’s Red Desert (Warren pers. comm.).
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FE27C4CC4B74FA3E" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[468,781,1417,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FE27C4CC4B74FA3E" box="[468,781,1417,1441]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Anthocharis julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is prevalent in northern and western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FB25C4CF4D33FA3D" box="[1238,1354,1418,1442]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
east to extreme western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FE62C4EF4A40FA5D" box="[401,569,1450,1474]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
extending northwest into
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FC85C4EE4B9CFA5D" box="[886,997,1451,1474]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Montana</collectingRegion>
and western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FB75C4EF4C9FFA5D" box="[1158,1254,1450,1474]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Alberta</collectingRegion>
. From western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FF33C48E494EFA7C" box="[192,311,1483,1507]" country="United States of America" name="Wyoming" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Wyoming</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FEB0C48E4A7CFA7D" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[323,517,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FEB0C48E4A7CFA7D" box="[323,517,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be found west throughout much of
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FBD5C48E4C15FA7C" box="[1062,1132,1483,1507]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Idaho</collectingRegion>
into eastern
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FAE3C48E4D10FA7C" box="[1296,1385,1483,1507]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Oregon</collectingRegion>
and eastern
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FED6C4AE49C0F99C" box="[293,441,1515,1539]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Washington</collectingRegion>
east of the Cascade Range. Populations in
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FC2BC4AE4C48F99C" box="[984,1073,1515,1539]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Oregon</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FB81C4AE4D70F99C" box="[1138,1289,1515,1539]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Washington</collectingRegion>
, west of the Cascades north through portions of western
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFABC765FD26C74E4BDEF9BC" box="[725,935,1547,1571]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
pertain to
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FBDAC74E4D11F9BB" authority="Wright, 1892" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1892" box="[1065,1384,1547,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="flora">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FBDAC74E4CC6F9BC" box="[1065,1215,1547,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia flora</emphasis>
Wright, 1892
</taxonomicName>
. The extent of intergradation between
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FDA7C7694B68F9DB" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[596,785,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FDA7C7694B68F9DB" box="[596,785,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FCBFC7694B9AF9DB" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1892" box="[844,995,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="flora">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FCBFC7694B9AF9DB" box="[844,995,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia flora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Cascades is unclear (
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FAC1C7694887F9FA" author="Hinchliff" firstAuthor="Hinchliff" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15738" refString="Hinchliff, J., 1994. An Atlas of Oregon Butterflies. Oregon State University Bookstore; Corvallis, OR. 176 p." type="book" year="1994">Hinchliff 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FEF8C7094930F9FB" author="Hinchliff" box="[267,329,1612,1636]" firstAuthor="Hinchliff" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15763" refString="Hinchliff, J., 1996. An Atlas of Washington Butterflies. Oregon State University Bookstore; Corvallis, OR. 162 p." type="book" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FEA5C70949A8F9FA" author="Pyle" box="[342,465,1612,1637]" firstAuthor="Pyle" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15942" refString="Pyle, R. M. 2002. The Butterflies of Cascadia. Seattle Audubon Society; Seattle, WA. 420 p." type="book" year="2002">Pyle 2002</bibRefCitation>
) as adult wing, larval, and pupal characters are similar confirming these taxa as conspecific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16E6D6AFFABC765FF1BC7CB4DD9F8D8" blockId="5.[192,1441,930,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
In British Columbia, the distribution of
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FD3DC7C84B16F93A" box="[718,879,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FD3DC7C84B12F93A" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1892" box="[718,875,1677,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="flora">A. julia flora</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FC85C7C84D78F93A" authority="Gunder, 1932" authorityName="Gunder" authorityYear="1932" box="[886,1281,1677,1701]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="alaskensis">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FC85C7C84C2CF93A" box="[886,1109,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia alaskensis</emphasis>
Gunder, 1932
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FAB5C7C84964F95A" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FAB5C7C84964F95A" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (as
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FEAAC7EB4A99F95A" box="[345,736,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FEAAC7EB498CF95A" authorityName="W.G.Wright" authorityYear="1892" box="[345,501,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sara" subSpecies="flora">A. sara flora</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FDF1C7EB4A99F95A" authorityName="Gunder" authorityYear="1932" box="[514,736,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sara" subSpecies="alaskensis">A. sara alaskensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FCECC7EB4BFBF95A" authorityName="W. H. Edwards" authorityYear="1879" box="[799,898,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stella">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FCECC7EB4BFBF95A" box="[799,898,1709,1733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. stella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively,) is outlined through dot maps (
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FF3BC78B4A7FF979" author="Guppy and Shepard" box="[200,518,1742,1766]" firstAuthor="Guppy" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15582" refString="Guppy, C. S., and J. H. Shepard. 2001. Butterflies of British Columbia. UBC Press and Royal British Columbia Museum; Vancouver, BC. 414 p." type="book" year="2001">Guppy and Shepard 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FCF9C78B4BDEF979" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1892" box="[778,935,1742,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="flora">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FCF9C78B4BDEF979" box="[778,935,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia flora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes Vancouver Island and southern coastal areas. The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FDB7C7AA4B60F899" authorityName="Gunder" authorityYear="1932" box="[580,793,1774,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="alaskensis">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FDB7C7AA4B60F899" box="[580,793,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia alaskensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also includes coastal areas of Central British Columbia north into extreme southern Yukon and northern portions of the Alaskan panhandle. In British Columbia,
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FF33C6754905F8D8" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[192,380,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FF33C6754905F8D8" box="[192,380,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flies more in the interior of the province southeast to southern Alberta (Bird et. al 1995).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F16E6D6AFFABC766FF1BC6154D51FEEB" blockId="5.[192,1441,930,1929]" lastBlockId="6.[192,1440,217,372]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
Because of similar phenotypes,
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FD9BC6154C26F8F7" authority="Scott and Kondla, 2008" authorityName="Scott and Kondla" authorityYear="2008" box="[616,1119,1872,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="columbia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FD9BC6154B40F8F7" box="[616,825,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia columbia</emphasis>
Scott and Kondla, 2008
</taxonomicName>
, is treated as a junior synonym to
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FEDFC6354997F817" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[300,494,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FEDFC6354997F817" box="[300,494,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based upon priority (
<bibRefCitation id="9540109BFFABC765FD0BC6354BE7F816" author="Pelham" box="[760,926,1904,1929]" firstAuthor="Pelham" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15856" refString="Pelham, J. P. 2008. A catalogue of the butterflies of the United States and Canada: with a complete bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 40: xiv + 658 p." type="book" year="2008">Pelham 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Adult topotypes of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFABC765FB6FC6354D27F817" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1180,1374,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFABC765FB6FC6354D27F817" box="[1180,1374,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">A. julia sulfuris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kellogg, Shoshone County,
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFA8C766FDFEC19C4A2FFF6E" box="[525,598,217,241]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Idaho</collectingRegion>
, have been collected and examined (
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFA8C766FBFFC19F4C65FF6E" box="[1036,1052,218,241]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
= 23). Kondla provided papered males and one female of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFA8C766FE1EC1BF4A31FE8D" baseAuthorityName="Opler" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[493,584,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFA8C766FE1EC1BF4A31FE8D" box="[493,584,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">A. julia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Waneta Dam and Charbonneau Creek,
<collectingRegion id="3315A388FFA8C766FB87C1BF4D33FE8D" box="[1140,1354,250,274]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
, 32–36 aerial kilometers south of the
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFA8C766FDDDC05E4A86FEAD" authorityName="Scott and Kondla" authorityYear="2008" box="[558,767,282,306]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="columbia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFA8C766FDDDC05E4A86FEAD" box="[558,767,282,306]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">A. julia columbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="2E6AD3C8FFA8C766FCF5C05E4B42FEAC" box="[774,827,283,307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
locality which is located at Brilliant Creek, BC, in the west Kootenay area near Castlegar on the Columbia River. Although these adults are very similar to topotypical
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFA8C766FE9EC0194A4CFEEC" box="[365,565,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFA8C766FE9EC0194A49FEEC" baseAuthorityName="Pelham" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[365,560,347,371]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="sulfuris">A. julia sulfuris</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
strict topotypes of
<taxonomicName id="36D116E9FFA8C766FCEDC0194B89FEEC" authorityName="Scott and Kondla" authorityYear="2008" box="[798,1008,347,371]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Anthocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="julia" subSpecies="columbia">
<emphasis id="C3A5B178FFA8C766FCEDC0194B89FEEC" box="[798,1008,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">A. julia columbia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have not been examined.
</paragraph>
</treatment>
</document>
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