465 lines
48 KiB
XML
465 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7d63f6e-7b8c-477d-8a10-8cfa6671a537" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1993-078X-17-113" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AF0C622BC060533A9D901086B6F4E866" ID-ZooBank="ED37206B54A14DE4849E364E711D32FE" ModsDocID="1993-078X-17-113" checkinTime="1683217814440" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nazari, Vazrick, Lukhtanov, Vladimir A., Naderi, Alireza, Fric, Zdenek Faltynek, Dincă, Vlad & Vila, Roger" docDate="2023" docId="1C5BE43FD09558E1BC85350DBEE92A76" docLanguage="en" docName="CompCytogen 17: 113-128" docOrigin="Comparative Cytogenetics 17" docPubDate="2023-05-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830" docTitle="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi 2023, ssp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BED12A6B-C1D3-4897-8D40-A955333D6C7C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" id="AF0C622BC060533A9D901086B6F4E866" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="AF0C622BC060533A9D901086B6F4E866" masterDocTitle="More hidden diversity in a cryptic species complex: a new subspecies of Leptidea sinapis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Northern Iran" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1683218417032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>More hidden diversity in a cryptic species complex: a new subspecies of Leptidea sinapis (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) from Northern Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Nazari, Vazrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-8959</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nvazrick@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Lukhtanov, Vladimir A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-2075</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Naderi, Alireza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Natural History Museum & Genetic Resources, Tehran, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Fric, Zdenek Faltynek</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3611-8022</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Dincă, Vlad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-2148</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland & Research Institute of the University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Vila, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-4388</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC - Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Comparative Cytogenetics</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-05-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>17</mods:number>
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:end>128</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.17.102830</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1993-078X-17-113</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BED12A6B-C1D3-4897-8D40-A955333D6C7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C5BE43FD09558E1BC85350DBEE92A76" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/BED12A6B-C1D3-4897-8D40-A955333D6C7C" authority="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" status="ssp. nov." subSpecies="tabarestana">Leptidea sinapis ssp. tabarestana Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="113">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adults a-i L. sinapis ssp. tabarestana j-o L. sinapis ssp. sinapis a-c holotype Mazandaran: Kojur (♂ ARPI- 330 d- 001) d Golestan: Golestan forest (♂ ARPI- 112 j- 001) e Gilan: Damash (♂ ARPI- 524 b- 001) f Tehran: Laloon (♀ ARPI- 408 - 001) g Mazandaran: Javaherdeh (♂ MR ZF 449) h, i Ardabil / Gilan: Talesh (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 001 - 2) j, k Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Kaleybar (♂ DNAwthLeptidea 006, ♀ - 004) l, m Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Arasbaran (♀ ARPI- 479 a [not barcoded], ♂ ARPI- 456 d- 001) n, o Russia: Daghestan Republic (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 010 - 11). Scale bar: 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846052" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Fig. 4a-i</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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♂ [white label] "330d= Mazandaran- E Kojour-/Kodir - 1000 m - 2.Jul.[20]10- / leg. A.R. Naderi"; [red label] "Holotype/
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Nazari, Lukhtanov & Naderi 2023". BOLD Sample ID: ARPI-330d-001; Deposited in coll. National Natural History Museum & Genetic Resources of Department of Environment, Tehran, Iran.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Paratypes</emphasis>
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. Gilan
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</emphasis>
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: 1♂ Damash, 1200m, 26.III.2021, leg. et coll. A.R. Naderi (ARPI-524b-001, AR# 254); 1♀ Khoshkab, rd. Siyahkal-Deylaman, 02.VII.1990, leg. et coll. Harandi.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Ardabil/Gilan</emphasis>
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: 2♂♂ 1♀
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paß">Pass</normalizedToken>
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Ardabil-Astara (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Paßhöhe">Passhoehe</normalizedToken>
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, W Tunnel), 1600m, 10.V.2010, W. ten Hagen.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Tehran</emphasis>
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: 1♀ Laloon, 2000-2200 m, 30.VIII.2013, leg. et coll. A.R. Naderi (ARPI-408-001, AR# 186).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Mazandaran</emphasis>
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: 1♂ Chalus road, Yush road, 40 km from Pole Zangooleh, 2400 m, 4.VII.1997, leg. & coll. A.R. Naderi (AR# 58); 2♂♂ Galanderoud, 1000 m, 13.VII.07, leg. & coll. A.R. Naderi; 1♂ Siahkal, 03.VII.1990, leg. et coll. Harandi; 1♂ Pol-e Zanguleh - Baladeh Rd, W of Minak,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36.2254" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="36.2254">36.2254°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="51.58409" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="51.58409">51.58409°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 15.V.2016, leg. & coll. Z. F. Fric, Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology (IECA) (MR ZF 449); 10♂♂ Javaherdeh (Jirkooh), 36.866, 50.506, 24.VII.2011, leg. V. Lukhtanov & N. Shapoval, in Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Butterfly Diversity and Evolution Lab (VLU396-VLU405); 43♂♂, 12♀♀
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">ibid</emphasis>
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, in coll. Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences; 1♂, Javaherdeh (Samamus Mt.), 14.VIII.2010, leg. V.V. Tshikolovets, in Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Butterfly Diversity and Evolution Lab (RVcoll10C196); 1♂ Samamus Mt., 15 km S Ramsar, 1350 m, 8.VIII.2003, leg. W. ten Hagen; 1♂ Samamus Mt., S Rudbar, N Javaherdeh, 1500 m, 21.VI.2006, leg. W. ten Hagen; 1♂ Samamus Mt., 2800 m, 29.V.2009, leg. et coll. Harandi.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Golestan</emphasis>
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: 1♂ Golestan Forest, 800-1000 m, 13.V.2001, leg. & coll. A.R. Naderi (112j, AR# 185).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Male</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adults a-i L. sinapis ssp. tabarestana j-o L. sinapis ssp. sinapis a-c holotype Mazandaran: Kojur (♂ ARPI- 330 d- 001) d Golestan: Golestan forest (♂ ARPI- 112 j- 001) e Gilan: Damash (♂ ARPI- 524 b- 001) f Tehran: Laloon (♀ ARPI- 408 - 001) g Mazandaran: Javaherdeh (♂ MR ZF 449) h, i Ardabil / Gilan: Talesh (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 001 - 2) j, k Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Kaleybar (♂ DNAwthLeptidea 006, ♀ - 004) l, m Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Arasbaran (♀ ARPI- 479 a [not barcoded], ♂ ARPI- 456 d- 001) n, o Russia: Daghestan Republic (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 010 - 11). Scale bar: 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846052" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">4a, b, d, e, g, h</figureCitation>
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). Length of forewing 16-21 mm; ground colour pure white.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">First generation</emphasis>
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forewing upperside with a rectangular grey-black apical patch, veins v3 and v4 under this patch often covered with dark scales near the outer margin; forewing discal cell covered in grey scales that extend faintly along the costa towards the apex; a small dark patch near the base at the Inner margin. Hindwing upperside veins near the base of the wing covered with dark scales, otherwise without any other markings; the dark scales of the underneath show through. Forewing underside ground colour white with light yellowish-greenish tint at the apex, along the costa and at the discal cell except for a yellowish discoidal spot not covered in grey scales; all veins except v2 covered with dark scales at the outer half of the wing. Hindwing underside ground colour greenish-yellow covered in sparse grey scales; discal cell and space s5 lighter and covered in fewer dark scales; a faint postdiscal band broken into two sections: a costal S- shaped part and a lower postdiscal section in the form of a slightly curved streak.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Second generation</emphasis>
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similar but grey scales on the underside highly reduced, sometimes completely absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846052" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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Adults
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">a-i</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">L. sinapis ssp. tabarestana</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">j-o</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="ssp. sinapis" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis subsp. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="sinapis">L. sinapis ssp. sinapis</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">a-c</emphasis>
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holotype Mazandaran: Kojur (♂ ARPI-330d-001)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">d</emphasis>
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Golestan: Golestan forest (♂ ARPI-112j-001)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">e</emphasis>
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Gilan: Damash (♂ ARPI-524b-001)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">f</emphasis>
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Tehran: Laloon (♀ ARPI-408-001)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">g</emphasis>
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Mazandaran: Javaherdeh (♂ MR ZF 449)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">h, i</emphasis>
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Ardabil/Gilan: Talesh (♂♀ DNAwthLeptidea001-2)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">j, k</emphasis>
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Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Kaleybar (♂ DNAwthLeptidea006, ♀-004)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">l, m</emphasis>
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Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Arasbaran (♀ ARPI-479a [not barcoded], ♂ ARPI-456d-001)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">n, o</emphasis>
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Russia: Daghestan Republic (♂♀ DNAwthLeptidea010-11). Scale bar: 20 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Female</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adults a-i L. sinapis ssp. tabarestana j-o L. sinapis ssp. sinapis a-c holotype Mazandaran: Kojur (♂ ARPI- 330 d- 001) d Golestan: Golestan forest (♂ ARPI- 112 j- 001) e Gilan: Damash (♂ ARPI- 524 b- 001) f Tehran: Laloon (♀ ARPI- 408 - 001) g Mazandaran: Javaherdeh (♂ MR ZF 449) h, i Ardabil / Gilan: Talesh (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 001 - 2) j, k Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Kaleybar (♂ DNAwthLeptidea 006, ♀ - 004) l, m Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Arasbaran (♀ ARPI- 479 a [not barcoded], ♂ ARPI- 456 d- 001) n, o Russia: Daghestan Republic (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 010 - 11). Scale bar: 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846052" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">4f, i</figureCitation>
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). Length of forewing 19-23 mm; similar to male but bigger, forewing apex more rounded; apical dark patch highly reduced, sometimes absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Bivariate scatterplot based on male genitalia morphometry (phallus length, PL; saccus length, SL), using vinculum width (VW) as a size variable. L. s. tabarestana ssp. nov. overlaps broadly with L. s. sinapis s. str., however it is distinct from L. juvernica and L. reali. Inset: Male genitalia of L. sinapis tabarestana ssp. nov. (specimen MR ZF 449), showing the variables measured." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846051" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">3</figureCitation>
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inset). Based on the eight dissections examined, the male genitalia appear similar to that of the nominotypical
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Leptidea sinapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The three elements of the male genitalia (phallus length, saccus length and vinculum width) measured for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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ssp. nov. (PL: 1.47
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.07, SL: 0.60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.06, VW: 0.71
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04, n=8) were comparable to those of the nominotypical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(PL: 1.60
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.08, SL: 0.63
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.04, VW: 0.79
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.05, n=48) (Suppl. material 2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
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Morphologically inseparable from the nominotypical
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however the new taxon is distinguishable from it only by COI barcodes. Unlike ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sinapis" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="sinapis">Leptidea sinapis sinapis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which in Iran (East Azerbaijan province) is strictly limited to humid and damp forests or clearings, the new subspecies is found primarily in semi-humid or even semi-dry mountainous habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
The subspecies name is a reference to
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tabarestan”">"Tabarestan"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, the medieval name for the mountainous regions south of the Caspian coast in northern Iran and roughly corresponding to the modern-day province of Mazandaran, the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="dna barcode analysis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">DNA barcode analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
The COI barcodes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. fall within the Barcode Identification Number (BIN) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BOLD:AAA6298), however they form a unique and distinct cluster that is on average 0.74% (range: 0.42%-1.76%) distant from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bayesian phylogeny of Leptidea COI barcodes. Node support values (Bayesian Posterior Probebilities / ML bootstrap) are shown only for supported nodes. All sequences are 658 bp in length unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846049" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Uncorrected
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distances are smaller than those between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. reali" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reali">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. reali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.92%) or between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. juvernica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juvernica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. juvernica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.97%) (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Average uncorrected p - distances (in % of the COI barcoding region) and standard deviation between Leptidea taxa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/ED918C62E1B702C8861D56D81435C8C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" tableUuid="ED918C62E1B702C8861D56D81435C8C7">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Since the topology of ML and Bayesian trees were similar, only the Bayesian tree is shown with ML bootstrap values plotted on the supported nodes. In both trees, the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. clade appeared as sister to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples with strong support (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Bayesian phylogeny of Leptidea COI barcodes. Node support values (Bayesian Posterior Probebilities / ML bootstrap) are shown only for supported nodes. All sequences are 658 bp in length unless indicated otherwise." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846049" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="karyotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Karyotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Of the 10 specimens studied, only two samples demonstrated metaphase plates suitable for counting the number of chromosomes. Such a low proportion of adult males with dividing cells is a common phenomenon in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Leptidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and has been noted previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-109" author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B16" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, Dincă, V, Talavera, G, Vila, R, 2011. Unprecedented within-species chromosome number cline in the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis and its significance for karyotype evolution and speciation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: e109. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-109" title="Unprecedented within-species chromosome number cline in the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis and its significance for karyotype evolution and speciation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: e 109." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-109" year="2011">Lukhtanov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the sample VLU396, in mitotic cells, the diploid number of chromosomes was determined to be approximately 2n=ca 58. An exact diploid number could not be determined due to numerous overlaps or contacts of chromosomes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Karyotype of Leptidea sinapis tabarestana ssp. nov. a, b mitotic cell demonstrating ca 58 chromosomes (sample VLU 396) c, d MII plate demonstrating 29 entities, 22 entities were interpreted as bivalents (shown by blue dots on Fig. 5 d) and 7 entities were interpreted as trivalents (shown by green dots on Fig. 4 d). Scale bar: 10 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846053" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846053" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">a, b</emphasis>
|
||
mitotic cell demonstrating ca 58 chromosomes (sample VLU396)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">c, d</emphasis>
|
||
MII plate demonstrating 29 entities, 22 entities were interpreted as bivalents (shown by blue dots on Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Karyotype of Leptidea sinapis tabarestana ssp. nov. a, b mitotic cell demonstrating ca 58 chromosomes (sample VLU 396) c, d MII plate demonstrating 29 entities, 22 entities were interpreted as bivalents (shown by blue dots on Fig. 5 d) and 7 entities were interpreted as trivalents (shown by green dots on Fig. 4 d). Scale bar: 10 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846053" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">5d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 7 entities were interpreted as trivalents (shown by green dots on Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Adults a-i L. sinapis ssp. tabarestana j-o L. sinapis ssp. sinapis a-c holotype Mazandaran: Kojur (♂ ARPI- 330 d- 001) d Golestan: Golestan forest (♂ ARPI- 112 j- 001) e Gilan: Damash (♂ ARPI- 524 b- 001) f Tehran: Laloon (♀ ARPI- 408 - 001) g Mazandaran: Javaherdeh (♂ MR ZF 449) h, i Ardabil / Gilan: Talesh (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 001 - 2) j, k Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Kaleybar (♂ DNAwthLeptidea 006, ♀ - 004) l, m Iran: E. Azerbaijan prov.: Arasbaran (♀ ARPI- 479 a [not barcoded], ♂ ARPI- 456 d- 001) n, o Russia: Daghestan Republic (♂ ♀ DNAwthLeptidea 010 - 11). Scale bar: 20 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846052" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">4d</figureCitation>
|
||
). Scale bar: 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
The MI metaphase cells were not found in the studied individuals; however, MII metaphase plates were found in the sample VLU405. The MII plates demonstrated clear traces of the phenomenon for which we previously used the term
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">inverted meiosis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802610115" author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B17" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, Dincă, V, Friberg, M, Sichova, J, Olofsson, M, Vila, R, Marec, F, Wiklund, C, 2018. Versatility of multivalent orientation, inverted meiosis, and rescued fitness in holocentric chromosomal hybrids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115(41): E9610-E9619. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802610115" title="Versatility of multivalent orientation, inverted meiosis, and rescued fitness in holocentric chromosomal hybrids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 (41): E 9610 - E 9619." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802610115" year="2018">Lukhtanov et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa077" author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" pagination="683 - 699" refId="B18" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, Dantchenko, AV, Khakimov, FR, Sharafutdinov, D, Pazhenkova, EA, 2020a. Karyotype evolution and flexible (conventional versus inverted) meiosis in insects with holocentric chromosomes: a case study based on Polyommatus butterflies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 130 (4): 683 - 699, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa077" title="Karyotype evolution and flexible (conventional versus inverted) meiosis in insects with holocentric chromosomes: a case study based on Polyommatus butterflies." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa077" volume="130" year="2020 a">2020a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.583827" author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Biological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B19" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, Dincă, V, Friberg, M, Vila, R, Wiklund, C, 2020b. Incomplete sterility of chromosomal hybrids: implications for karyotype evolution and homoploid hybrid speciation. Frontiers in Genetics 11: e583827. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.583827" title="Incomplete sterility of chromosomal hybrids: implications for karyotype evolution and homoploid hybrid speciation. Frontiers in Genetics 11: e 583827." url="https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.583827" year="2020 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In this type of meiosis, heterozygosity for chromosomal fusions/fissions leads to the very specific chromosomal structures at the MII stage, when heterozygotes retain a configuration similar to that of trivalents. Such trivalent-like structures were observed at the MII stage in the sample U405 (shown in green in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Karyotype of Leptidea sinapis tabarestana ssp. nov. a, b mitotic cell demonstrating ca 58 chromosomes (sample VLU 396) c, d MII plate demonstrating 29 entities, 22 entities were interpreted as bivalents (shown by blue dots on Fig. 5 d) and 7 entities were interpreted as trivalents (shown by green dots on Fig. 4 d). Scale bar: 10 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846053" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">5d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of such trivalent-like structures reached 7, while the total number of chromosome entities was n = 29. If these elements are interpreted as trivalents, then the diploid number can be estimated as 2n = 65. If these elements are bivalents, then the diploid chromosome number is 2n = 58. Thus, the preliminary haploid number of chromosomes can be estimated as n = 29-33.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
Previously, a chromosome cline was found in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, within which the diploid chromosome number gradually decreases from 2n = 106 in Spain to 2n = 56 in Sweden and in eastern Kazakhstan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-109" author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B16" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, Dincă, V, Talavera, G, Vila, R, 2011. Unprecedented within-species chromosome number cline in the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis and its significance for karyotype evolution and speciation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: e109. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-109" title="Unprecedented within-species chromosome number cline in the Wood White butterfly Leptidea sinapis and its significance for karyotype evolution and speciation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 11: e 109." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-109" year="2011">Lukhtanov et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802610115" author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B17" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, Dincă, V, Friberg, M, Sichova, J, Olofsson, M, Vila, R, Marec, F, Wiklund, C, 2018. Versatility of multivalent orientation, inverted meiosis, and rescued fitness in holocentric chromosomal hybrids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115(41): E9610-E9619. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802610115" title="Versatility of multivalent orientation, inverted meiosis, and rescued fitness in holocentric chromosomal hybrids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115 (41): E 9610 - E 9619." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802610115" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the studied population from Mazandaran, Iran has an oriental variant of karyotype, that is, with a relatively low number of chromosomes. We were not able to study the karyotype from the Iranian Talesh; however, the karyotype of the population from Yardimli in Republic of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azerbaijan’s">Azerbaijan's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Talysh region was studied previously (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" pagination="57 - 82" refId="B15" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, 1992. Karyotype evolution and systematics of higher taxa of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) of the world. Entomological Review 71 (5): 57 - 82" title="Karyotype evolution and systematics of higher taxa of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) of the world." volume="71" year="1992">Lukhtanov 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The latter population (Azerbaijani Talysh) demonstrated variation in the haploid chromosome number from n = 28 to n = 34 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lukhtanov, VA" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" pagination="57 - 82" refId="B15" refString="Lukhtanov, VA, 1992. Karyotype evolution and systematics of higher taxa of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) of the world. Entomological Review 71 (5): 57 - 82" title="Karyotype evolution and systematics of higher taxa of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) of the world." volume="71" year="1992">Lukhtanov 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thus, similar to the Mazandaran population.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
So far, the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. has been confirmed by DNA evidence only in northern Iran, in provinces of Ardabil, Gilan, Mazandaran, Tehran and Golestan (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Leptidea sinapis in E Turkey, S Caucasus and N Iran. Black dots: barcoded L. s. sinapis; red dots: barcoded L. s. tabarestana ssp. nov.; blue dot: karyotyped sample from Yardamli in Republic of Azerbaijan's Talysh region (most likely L. s. tabarestana ssp. nov.); white dots: non-barcoded material, data obtained from literature or personal collections." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846054" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from the Talysh mountains in Republic of Azerbaijan, across the border from Iranian Talesh region, show the same karyotype and possibly belong to ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however this remains to be further confirmed by DNA sequencing. In Turkmenistan, even though reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Kopet Dagh mountains are as of yet unconfirmed (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tshikolovets, VV" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" refId="B41" refString="Tshikolovets, VV, 1998. The Butterflies of Turkmenistan. V.V. Tshikolovets publications, 237 pp." title="The Butterflies of Turkmenistan. V. V. Tshikolovets publications, 237 pp." year="1998">Tshikolovets 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), these also likely belong to ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846054" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Leptidea sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in E Turkey, S Caucasus and N Iran. Black dots: barcoded
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; red dots: barcoded
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.; blue dot: karyotyped sample from Yardamli in Republic of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azerbaijan’s">Azerbaijan's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Talysh region (most likely
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.); white dots: non-barcoded material, data obtained from literature or personal collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
In the Iranian Talesh mountains,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. occurs approximately 100 km from the closest population of the nominotypical
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinapis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. sinapis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Arasbaran region. The habitat of ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</taxonomicName>
|
||
is in the Alborz forest belt, in humid meadows, forest river banks, forest clearings, and sometimes gardens at mountain steppes from 1000 to 2000 m above sea level. Adults fly mostly in undisturbed or lightly-grazed habitats with lush of green vegetation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Leptidea sinapis tabarestana ssp. nov. a adult b, c habitat in Iran, Mazandaran Prov., Javaherdeh (Jirkooh), 24. VII. 2011. Photos: V. Lukhtanov." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846055" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The accompanying species include
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Ochlodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ochlodes hyrcana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyrcana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Ochlodes hyrcana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Christoph, 1893),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pieris napi subsp. mazandarana" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="napi" subSpecies="mazandarana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Pieris napi mazandarana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eitschberger, 1987,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lasiommata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lasiommata adrastiodes" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adrastiodes">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Lasiommata adrastiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bienert, [1870]), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Maniola" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maniola jurtina" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jurtina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Maniola jurtina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758). It is normally found in two (or maybe three) generations, from April at lower altitudes to the end of September at higher altitudes. The early stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="L. s. subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="s." subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">L. s. tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov. are unknown, however adults are often seen near
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lathyrus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Lathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants (AN, personal observation). Even though the larval host plant is likely among the herbaceous
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lathyrus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Lathyrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Vicia" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Vicia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lotus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lotus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Lotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
etc., it is as of yet unrecorded and thus it is unclear if ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays any host plant preferences different from the rest of populations of ssp.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sinapis" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. sinapis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="sinapis">Leptidea sinapis sinapis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/846055" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nazari, Lukhtanov et Naderi" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Leptidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptidea sinapis subsp. tabarestana" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sinapis" subSpecies="tabarestana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">Leptidea sinapis tabarestana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">a</emphasis>
|
||
adult
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="113">b, c</emphasis>
|
||
habitat in Iran, Mazandaran Prov., Javaherdeh (Jirkooh), 24.VII.2011. Photos: V. Lukhtanov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |