treatments-xml/data/C3/CD/EE/C3CDEEDD31595B85BD0182503ED2B93C.xml
2024-06-21 12:50:43 +02:00

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1106-165" ID-Pensoft-UUID="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" ID-ZooBank="EFA7EF372B83458D931D9A53DB311472" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1106-165" checkinTime="1655840326526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Choo, Seohwi, Jeong, Man-Ki &amp; Soh, Ho Young" docDate="2022" docId="C3CDEEDD31595B85BD0182503ED2B93C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1106: 165-211" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1106" docPubDate="2022-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184" docTitle="Pseudosagitta lyra" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="46F78E589F6A5CC89A0199F10BA4407C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters" masterLastPageNumber="211" masterPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165" updateTime="1655840326526" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic reassessment of chaetognaths (Chaetognatha, Sagittoidea, Aphragmophora) from Korean waters</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Choo, Seohwi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jeong, Man-Ki</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-3797</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmgdeux@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Soh, Ho Young</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Big data Fishery Resource Management Interdisciplinary Program, Chonnam University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea &amp; Department of Smart Fisheries Resources Management, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hysoh@chonnam.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-06-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1106</mods:number>
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<mods:start>165</mods:start>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3CDEEDD31595B85BD0182503ED2B93C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C3CDEEDD31595B85BD0182503ED2B93C" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName LSID="C3CDEEDD-3159-5B85-BD01-82503ED2B93C" authority="(Krohn, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Krohn" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Pseudosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudosagitta lyra" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="lyra">Pseudosagitta lyra (Krohn, 1853)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Shape and position of seminal vesicles A Aidanosagitta regularis (elongated) B Ferosagitta robusta (pear shape) C Pseudosagitta lyra (spherical shape) D Zonosagitta nagae (conical shape) E Flaccisagitta enflata (spherical shape) F Serratosagitta pacifica (seminal shape with chitinous teeth)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704190" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">, 16A-E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Krohn" authorityYear="1853" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Sagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sagitta lyra" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="lyra">Sagitta lyra</taxonomicName>
: Aida, 1897: 15 p., fig. 4;
<bibRefCitation author="Fowler, GH" journalOrPublisher="National Antarctic Expedition Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="991 - 996" refId="B25" refString="Fowler, GH, 1906. The Chaetognatha of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Esped., Mon. xxi. 1907. Chaetognatha. National Antarctic Expedition Natural History 3: 991 - 996" title="The Chaetognatha of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga-Esped., Mon. xxi. 1907. Chaetognatha." volume="3" year="1906">Fowler 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 33 p.;
<bibRefCitation author="Ritter-Zahony, R" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B74" refString="Ritter-Zahony, R, 1908. Chaetognathen (Vol. 14). Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 84: 1 - 18" title="Chaetognathen (Vol. 14)." volume="84" year="1908">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ritter-Záhony">Ritter-Zahony</normalizedToken>
1908
</bibRefCitation>
: 10-13 p., fig. 1A-E;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00543.x" author="Burfield, ST" journalOrPublisher="Zoology (Jena, Germany)" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="93 - 119" refId="B13" refString="Burfield, ST, Harvey, EJW, 1926. No. V.-The Chaetognatha of the &quot;Sealark&quot; Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd Series. Zoology (Jena, Germany) 19 (1): 93 - 119, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00543.x" title="No. V. - The Chaetognatha of the &quot; Sealark &quot; Expedition. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2 nd Series." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1926.tb00543.x" volume="19" year="1926">Burfield and Harvey 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 98 p., figs 18-24;
<bibRefCitation author="Thomson, JM" journalOrPublisher="Plankton Biology and Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B84" refString="Thomson, JM, 1947. The chaetognaths of Southeastern Australia. Bulletin of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Melbourne 222(14): l-43." title="The chaetognaths of Southeastern Australia. Bulletin of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Melbourne 222 (14): l- 43." year="1947">Thomson 1947</bibRefCitation>
: 10-11 p.;
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
1967
</bibRefCitation>
: 23-26 p., fig. 14A-O;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/f55-031" author="Lea, HE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="593 - 617" refId="B41" refString="Lea, HE, 1955. The chaetognaths of western Canadian coastal waters. Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 12 (4): 593 - 617, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/f55-031" title="The chaetognaths of western Canadian coastal waters." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/f55-031" volume="12" year="1955">Lea 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 28-30 p., plate 3;
<bibRefCitation author="Srinivasan, M" journalOrPublisher="Technical Monograph" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B80" refString="Srinivasan, M, 1979. Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India. Technical Monograph 3: 1 - 47" title="Taxonomy and Ecology of Chaetognatha of the west coast of India in relation to their role as indicator organisms of water masses. Zoological Survey of India." volume="3" year="1979">Srinivasan 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 20-21 p., fig. 10A-F;
<bibRefCitation author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 22-23 p., fig. 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krohn" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Flaccisagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flaccisagitta lyra" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="lyra">Flaccisagitta lyra</taxonomicName>
: McLelland, 1989: 162 p., figs 7D, 7E and 12C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05" country="Korea" elevation="55" latitude="33.8154" location="Strait" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.8111" specimenCount="one">
<collectingCountry name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C3CDEEDD31595B85BD0182503ED2B93C:C0C446BF49E03EDC8710F12ECE04B33A" country="Korea" latitude="33.8154" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="126.8111" name="Strait">Strait</location>
(
<geoCoordinate degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="48.924" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="33.8154">33°48.924'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="48.666" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="126.8111">126°48.666'E</geoCoordinate>
),
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="40.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="55.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="40.0">40-70 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, oblique towing with MOCNESS,
<collectingDate value="2019-05">May 2019</collectingDate>
, NIBRIV0000895307 (
<specimenCount type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
Total body length ranged between 16.0 and 60.0 mm. Tail 14-20% of body length. Hooks 8-9. Anterior teeth 4-9 and posterior 8-10, respectively. Large, flaccid and opaque body (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16</figureCitation>
). Intestinal diverticula absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16B</figureCitation>
). Collarette absent (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16A and B</figureCitation>
). Eyes square shaped with
<normalizedToken originalValue="“H”">&quot;H&quot;</normalizedToken>
shaped eye pigments (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16B</figureCitation>
). Anterior fins beginning at ventral ganglion, anterior of anterior fins with ray less zone and angular shape, conspicuously longer than posterior fins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16A, D</figureCitation>
). Posterior fins with rayless zone connected with anterior fins by tegumentary bridge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16A, E</figureCitation>
). Caudal fin roundish and completely rayed (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16C</figureCitation>
). Eggs reaching middle of posterior fins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16A</figureCitation>
). Corona ciliata not clear (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16B</figureCitation>
). Seminal vesicles spherical and opening in middle of edge (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16C</figureCitation>
). Seminal vesicles touching neither of posterior or caudal fins, located closer to posterior fins (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. A Pseudosagitta lyra (dorsal view) B head C tail D anterior fin E posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">16C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704200" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krohn" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Pseudosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudosagitta lyra" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudosagitta lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dorsal view)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">B</emphasis>
head
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">C</emphasis>
tail
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">D</emphasis>
anterior fin
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">E</emphasis>
posterior fin. Abbreviations: AF = anterior fin; E = eye; PF = posterior fin; SV = seminal vesicle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
This species is found in the mesopelagic (500-1,000 m depth) and bathypelagic zones (1,000-2,000 m depth) of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans (
<bibRefCitation author="Pierrot-Bults, AC" editor="Bone, Q" journalOrPublisher="Oxford Science Publications, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="86 - 116" refId="B70" refString="Pierrot-Bults, AC, Nair, VR, 1991. Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha. In: Bone, Q, Kapp, H, Pierrot-Bults, AC, Eds., The Biology of the Chaetognaths. Oxford Science Publications, New York: 86 - 116" title="Distribution patterns in Chaetognatha." volumeTitle="The Biology of the Chaetognaths." year="1991">Pierrot-Bults and Nair 1991</bibRefCitation>
) and the Tosa Bay in Japan (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" author="Ohnishi, T" journalOrPublisher="Plankton &amp; Benthos Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 187" refId="B59" refString="Ohnishi, T, Ueda, H, Kuroda, K, 2014. Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan. Plankton &amp; Benthos Research 9 (3): 176 - 187, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" title="Community structure and spatial distribution of chaetognaths in Tosa Bay on the temperate Kuroshio coast of Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.9.176" volume="9" year="2014">Ohnishi et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, it was distributed in the epipelagic zone (40-70 m depth) of the Korea Strait (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Sampling stations in Korean waters. Empty circles, sampling stations; filled circles, the stations where the chaetognaths were secured." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1106.80184.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/704185" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">1</figureCitation>
, station KS06).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
This species has a high prevalence in warm waters (
<bibRefCitation author="Park, JS" journalOrPublisher="The Korean Society of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B61" refString="Park, JS, 1970. The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." title="The chaetognaths of Korean waters. PhD Thesis, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea." year="1970">Park 1970</bibRefCitation>
). In this study, specimens collected around Jeju Island were mainly distributed at water depths&gt; 50 m. The temperature range in the sampling stations was 16.47-21.34 °C and the salinity range was 34.17-34.52 psu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="165" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="165">
In Korean specimens, the position and length of the fins, distance between the anterior and posterior fins and shape of the seminal vesicles were morphologically consistent with the previous records of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krohn" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Pseudosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudosagitta lyra" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudosagitta lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Alvarino, A" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B4" refString="Alvarino, A, 1967. The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959-1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4). University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography" title="The Chaetognatha of the NAGA Expedition (1959 - 1961): In the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand (Vol. 4)." year="1967">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alvariño">Alvarino</normalizedToken>
1967
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lutschinger, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plankton Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B45" refString="Lutschinger, S, 1993. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Chaetognatha (arrow worms). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 101." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Chaetognatha (arrow worms). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 101." year="1993">Lutschinger 1993</bibRefCitation>
). As one of the larger species of arrow worm,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lyra" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reaches a maximum size of 42 mm (
<bibRefCitation author="Michel, HB" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin - United States National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B49" refString="Michel, HB, 1984. Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e25." title="Chaetognatha of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas (Vol. 15). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Technical Report of National Marine Fisheries Service 15: e 25." year="1984">Michel 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lutschinger, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Plankton Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B45" refString="Lutschinger, S, 1993. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Chaetognatha (arrow worms). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 101." title="The marine fauna of New Zealand: Chaetognatha (arrow worms). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 101." year="1993">Lutschinger 1993</bibRefCitation>
). However, the largest of the Korean specimens collected in this study was 60 mm in length.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alvarino" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Sagittoidea" family="Sagittidae" genus="Pseudosagitta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudosagitta scrippsae" order=" Aphragmophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" phylum="Chaetognatha" rank="species" species="scrippsae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">Pseudosagitta scrippsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily confused with
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. lyra" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="lyra">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. lyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with similar size and position and shape of the fins and seminal vesicles. However,
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. scrippsae" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" rank="species" species="scrippsae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="165">P. scrippsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be differentiated by the presence of a distinct collarette around the neck (
<bibRefCitation author="Chihara, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="165" refId="B15" refString="Chihara, M, Murano, M, 1997. An Illustrated Guide to Marine Plankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, 1571 pp." title="An Illustrated Guide to Marine Plankton in Japan. Tokai University Press, 1571 pp." year="1997">Chihara and Murano 1997</bibRefCitation>
). No specific pattern was observed through CBE staining on the body surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>