608 lines
98 KiB
XML
608 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document id="AD886E0284D5D99471C42D0D003DD6D2" ID-CLB-Dataset="7111" ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.24.61" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8f13fe75-5503-4124-a1dc-fe32e5fb8120" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585216" ID-ZooBank="705B2008-A817-4DF9-B166-9F7F02AA6495" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614947601262" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Shimada, Daisuke, Tsujimoto, Megumu & Watanabe, Kentaro" docDate="2019" docId="BA4387A6FFDDC80DFC7789A8C566F3C1" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.24.1.61-67.pdf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 24 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.12782/specdiv.24.61" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Graphonema antarcticum Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1B6A4CA7-BD0F-4D1E-B36B-E93941880BE0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="467AFFDEFFDFC808FFC0896EC12CF72E" masterDocTitle="A New Free-living Marine Nematode Species of the Genus Graphonema (Nematoda: Chromadorida: Chromadoridae) from Antarctica" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698932806023" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1375E4AEC5520DBC82DCFD5FF92433A">
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<mods:title id="4E19088AFB041978F7E69CF6338F02C8">A New Free-living Marine Nematode Species of the Genus Graphonema (Nematoda: Chromadorida: Chromadoridae) from Antarctica</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="4CB8D14295B190FCD014D5F821E0166A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D531E60D93698CCDA7AE1E455C53DA51">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6B5D8731813EDF2C749F92CB1472F7AD">Shimada, Daisuke</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2D02E8A363AE7866ED82B11F9780BBEC">Department of Biology, Keio University, 4 - 1 - 1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223 - 8521, Japan E-mail: dsk-shimada @ keio. jp & Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4510EC021F5B10CE16E1E9EFD74DDED1" type="email">shimada@keio.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="67C25D9A1327CD6AE673D8FDF43CBD75">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0FA93659EDA7C37BCAA8A8131124555F">Tsujimoto, Megumu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF3BD6F2C6B5A37B876D1B64B0F8DCDD">National Institute of Polar Research, 10 - 3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190 - 8518, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D9BC69108358304DF508C5842F5A26D1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="423340990320388C452F0250AC0B846F">Watanabe, Kentaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF275CEC0A4468A0DD21631A620625E7">National Institute of Polar Research, 10 - 3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190 - 8518, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="712A59F79D14529863D9B715369A4612">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E70BD1315F1B9F9801C8895455AEBD8C">Species Diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E37CD7ABF57073E27A46E2823C8815BA">
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<mods:date id="C33A87E649090B34CBC38F9A9A55F7C2">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FE109A1ECF1389CFE3A0D4C073700CC4">2019-05-25</mods:number>
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<treatment id="BA4387A6FFDDC80DFC7789A8C566F3C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4734605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181851068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4734605" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1B6A4CA7-BD0F-4D1E-B36B-E93941880BE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BA4387A6FFDDC80DFC7789A8C566F3C1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDDC80AFC7789A8C43AF7F0" box="[951,1302,198,222]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="325536B0FFDDC80AFC7789A8C43AF7F0" blockId="2.[951,1302,198,222]" box="[951,1302,198,222]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="691D81DCFFDDC80AFC7789A8C43AF7F0" box="[951,1302,198,222]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDDC80AFC7789A8C5E8F7F0" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[951,1220,198,222]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDDC80AFC7789A8C5E8F7F0" bold="true" box="[951,1220,198,222]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDDC80AFB0A89A9C43AF7F0" box="[1226,1302,199,222]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDDC80AFBC98989C5EFF7D1" box="[1033,1219,231,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph id="325536B0FFDDC80AFBC98989C5EFF7D1" blockId="2.[1033,1219,231,255]" box="[1033,1219,231,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<heading id="691D81DCFFDDC80AFBC98989C5EFF7D1" box="[1033,1219,231,255]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" reason="2">
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(
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<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDDC80AFBD08989C544F7D1" box="[1040,1128,231,255]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionStartId-1="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionStartId-2="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionStartId-3="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,1623,1988]" captionTargetBox-2="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId-0="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetId-1="figure-242@2.[187,1399,1622,1989]" captionTargetId-2="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId-3="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." captionText-1="Fig. 2. SEM photographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–D, non-type (ICHUM 5879). A, cephalic region, lateral view; B, cephalic region, antero-ventral view; C, cuticular surface at the middle of body; D, tail end. Scale bars: A, B, 10µm; C, D, 20µm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585222" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4585222/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="7F68030BFFDDC80AFBB28989C595F7D1" box="[1138,1209,231,255]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[156,204,1392,1414]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. All measurements are in µm, except for the de Man’s ratios, and in the form: mean±s.d. (range). * ICHUM 5869." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" tableUuid="66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDDC80BFC8E8846C3A4F27F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="325536B0FFDDC80AFC8E8846C53EF50A" blockId="2.[821,1432,296,548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDDC80AFC8E8846C50BF66E" bold="true" box="[846,1063,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="82823CEDFFDDC80AFBFA8846C552F6EC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3097599301" collectingDate="2005-12-16" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Antarctica" elevation="27" latitude="-68.998604" location="Kita-noura" longLatPrecision="16" longitude="39.59111" municipality="Syowa Station in Lutzow-Holm Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="ICHUM 5867" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDDC80AFBFA8846C5B7F66E" box="[1082,1179,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: adult male (
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<specimenCode id="624C9ECBFFDDC80AFA808846C245F64E" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">ICHUM 5867</specimenCode>
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), whole mount,
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<geoCoordinate id="57DE5077FFDDC80AFBF18826C58DF64F" box="[1073,1185,327,353]" degrees="68" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" precision="15" seconds="55" value="-68.998604">68°59′55″S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="57DE5077FFDDC80AFB778826C406F64E" box="[1207,1322,327,353]" degrees="39" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" precision="15" seconds="28" value="39.59111">39°35′28″E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<location id="3735606BFFDDC80AFA808826C275F6AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BA4387A6FFDDC80DFC7789A8C566F3C1:3735606BFFDDC80AFA808826C275F6AE" country="Antarctica" latitude="-68.998604" longLatPrecision="16" longitude="39.59111" municipality="Syowa Station in Lutzow-Holm Bay" name="Kita-noura" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Kita-noura</location>
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, off
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<collectingMunicipality id="D231ACCAFFDDC80AFC528807C43BF6AF" box="[914,1303,361,385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Syowa Station in Lützow-Holm Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="4AFD7620FFDDC80AFAE88807C4B8F6AF" box="[1320,1428,361,385]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMethod id="EBAB4EA7FFDDC80AFCF588E7C456F68F" box="[821,1402,393,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">surface of macroalgae collected by means of bait traps</collectingMethod>
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at
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<elevation id="B9C7D183FFDDC80AFCF588C4C286F6EC" box="[821,938,426,450]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="27.0">
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<quantity id="F5129B55FFDDC80AFCF588C4C249F6EC" box="[821,869,426,450]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
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depth
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</elevation>
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,
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<date id="46541070FFDDC80AFC7788C4C552F6EC" box="[951,1150,426,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="2005-12-16">
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<collectingDate id="5610E998FFDDC80AFC7788C4C552F6EC" box="[951,1150,426,450]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" value="2005-12-16">16 December 2005</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDDC80AFB4B88C5C5C3F6ED" box="[1163,1263,427,451]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: six adult males (
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<collectionCode id="54FBAE75FFDDC80AFCFB88A5C2BEF6CD" box="[827,914,459,483]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">ICHUM</collectionCode>
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5868–5872, 5876) and five adult females (
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<collectionCode id="54FBAE75FFDDC80AFA8088A5C4BBF6CD" box="[1344,1431,459,483]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">ICHUM</collectionCode>
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5873–5875, 5877, 5878), whole mounts, same collection data as with
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<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDDC80AFC738B62C523F50A" box="[947,1039,524,548]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="66956638FFDDC80AFF5C8CDEC5DCF134" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" startId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" targetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="325536B0FFDDC80AFF5C8CDEC5DCF134" blockId="2.[156,1432,1456,1562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Fig. 1.
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<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDDC80AFF308CDEC0FAF2E8" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[240,470,1456,1478]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDDC80AFF308CDEC0FAF2E8" box="[240,470,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDDC80AFE1B8CDFC30CF2E8" box="[475,544,1457,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars: A, 500 µm; B–H, 10 µm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="66956638FFDDC80AFF5C8E82C5E7FF33" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585222/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" startId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" targetBox="[188,1398,1623,1988]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="325536B0FFDDC80AFF5C8E82C5E7FF33" blockId="2.[156,1431,2028,2078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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Fig. 2. SEM photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDDC80AFE728E82C3B4FF2F" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[434,664,2028,2049]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDDC80AFE728E82C3B4FF2F" box="[434,664,2028,2049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="63">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDDC80AFD5E8E82C3CFFF2F" box="[670,739,2028,2049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="63" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–D, non-type (ICHUM 5879). A, cephalic region, lateral view; B, cephalic region, antero-ventral view; C, cuticular surface at the middle of body; D, tail end. Scale bars: A, B, 10µm; C, D, 20 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="66956638FFDCC80BFF5C8DD5C54CF3C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" startId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" targetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDCC80BFF5C8DD5C54CF3C2" blockId="3.[156,1431,1211,1261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Fig. 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDCC80BFF308DD5C0FBF3FE" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[240,471,1211,1232]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFF308DD5C0FBF3FE" box="[240,471,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDCC80BFE1E8DD5C309F3FE" box="[478,549,1211,1232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10 µm; B, 50 µm; D, 500 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDCC80BFF758C77C3A4F27F" blockId="3.[156,767,1304,2077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="82823CEDFFDCC80BFF758C77C3A8F27F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3097599302" collectionCode="ICHUM" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="ICHUM 5879" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
Non-type: an adult male (
|
||
<specimenCode id="624C9ECBFFDCC80BFE7B8C77C361F21E" box="[443,589,1304,1329]" collectionCode="ICHUM" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dk9x-54ca" name="Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">ICHUM 5879</specimenCode>
|
||
), Au-coated SEM specimen, same collection data as with
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDCC80BFDE88C57C3A8F27F" box="[552,644,1337,1361]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDCC80BFF758C37C336F17B" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDCC80BFF758C37C336F17B" blockId="3.[156,767,1304,2077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFF758C37C009F25F" bold="true" box="[181,293,1369,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDCC80BFEFF8C34C36CF25F" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[319,576,1370,1394]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFEFF8C34C36CF25F" box="[319,576,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDCC80BFD888C34C3BAF25F" box="[584,662,1370,1393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is characterized by large body size (equal to or more than 2.0 mm), truncated cephalic end, presence of lateral differentiation, long spicules (
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDCC80BFEF28CD5C0BBF2FA" box="[306,407,1467,1492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="85.0" valueMax="90.0" valueMin="80.0">80–90 µm</quantity>
|
||
and 1.3–1.6 abd), without capitulum, well-developed gubernaculum with L-shaped lateral pieces bending at an obtuse angle with minute denticles at distal end, and long tail in both sexes (approximately 4–6 abd in males and 6–9 abd in females).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDCC80DFF758F30C025F3A0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDCC80BFF758F30C0CFF158" blockId="3.[156,767,1304,2077]" box="[181,483,1630,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFF758F30C07AF158" bold="true" box="[181,342,1630,1654]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<tableCitation id="7F68030BFFDCC80BFE558F30C0F2F158" box="[405,478,1630,1654]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[156,204,1392,1414]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. All measurements are in µm, except for the de Man’s ratios, and in the form: mean±s.d. (range). * ICHUM 5869." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDCC80DFF758F10C083F5E8" blockId="3.[156,767,1304,2077]" lastBlockId="5.[156,768,198,1263]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFF758F10C015F1B8" bold="true" box="[181,313,1662,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFE938F10C0A1F1B8" box="[339,397,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Males</emphasis>
|
||
. Body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFE2B8F10C313F1B8" box="[491,575,1662,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost cylindrical, tapering toward both ends. Epicuticle coarsely annulated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFF1F8FD1C033F1F6" box="[223,287,1727,1752]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1623,1988]" captionTargetId="figure-242@2.[187,1399,1622,1989]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. SEM photographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–D, non-type (ICHUM 5879). A, cephalic region, lateral view; B, cephalic region, antero-ventral view; C, cuticular surface at the middle of body; D, tail end. Scale bars: A, B, 10µm; C, D, 20µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585222/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), except at anterior and posterior body ends (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFF638F8EC1D6F1D6" box="[163,250,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFEC98F8EC03BF1D6" box="[265,279,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1623,1988]" captionTargetId="figure-242@2.[187,1399,1622,1989]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. SEM photographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–D, non-type (ICHUM 5879). A, cephalic region, lateral view; B, cephalic region, antero-ventral view; C, cuticular surface at the middle of body; D, tail end. Scale bars: A, B, 10µm; C, D, 20µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585222/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFEE58F8EC044F1D6" box="[293,360,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Exocuticle with heterogeneous ornamentations (
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDCC80BFEE18E6FC01EF037" box="[289,306,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDCC80BFE818E6EC34CF037" author="Gourbault, N. & Vincx, M." box="[321,608,1792,1817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" pagination="141 - 159" refId="ref4882" refString="Gourbault, N. and Vincx, M. 1994. New species of Parapinnanema (Nematoda: Chromadoridae) are described, with a discussion of the genus. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45: 141 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Gourbault and Vincx 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): tiny punctate at anterior half of cephalic region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFDD08E4FC34DF017" box="[528,609,1825,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFDAF8E4FC3BCF017" box="[623,656,1825,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
); regularly hexagonal to posterior half of cephalic region to anterior 1/3 of pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFE828E0CC082F054" box="[322,430,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFE798E0CC0D9F054" box="[441,501,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); longitudinally elongated hexagonal from anterior 1/3 of pharynx to cloacal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFF638ECDC03CF095" box="[163,272,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 1D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFEDC8ECDC077F095" box="[284,347,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), becoming longer toward posterior end; regularly hexagonal in caudal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFDE78EAAC358F0F2" box="[551,628,1988,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFD418EAAC3B1F0F2" box="[641,669,1988,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4F</figureCitation>
|
||
), becoming smaller toward posterior end; no ornamentation at tail end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFF0F816BC00CFF33" box="[207,288,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFEEB816BC060FF33" box="[299,332,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">4G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral differentiation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFD88816BC3AEFF33" box="[584,642,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C–E, 4B, C) present, beginning from anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region to cloacal region, becoming wider toward posterior end. Cephalic region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFC0C8C37C54DF25F" box="[972,1121,1369,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Figs 1B, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFBAE8C34C587F25C" box="[1134,1195,1370,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1623,1988]" captionTargetId="figure-242@2.[187,1399,1622,1989]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. SEM photographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–D, non-type (ICHUM 5879). A, cephalic region, lateral view; B, cephalic region, antero-ventral view; C, cuticular surface at the middle of body; D, tail end. Scale bars: A, B, 10µm; C, D, 20µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585222/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) not set-off, truncated at anterior end. Cephalic diameter 25–30% of mbd. Inner labial sensilla inconspicuous. Six outer labial setae (
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDCC80BFA838CF5C4BCF29D" box="[1347,1424,1435,1459]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 µm</quantity>
|
||
) and four cephalic setae (
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDCC80BFBF98CD5C5ABF2FD" box="[1081,1159,1467,1491]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 µm</quantity>
|
||
) in single circle observed in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDCC80BFCB88CB2C2FDF2DA" box="[888,977,1500,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and two
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDCC80BFBF38CB2C5A7F2DA" box="[1075,1163,1500,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
males (ICHUM 5869 and 5871), but inconspicuous in the other individuals including SEM specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFBD18F73C5AAF11B" box="[1041,1158,1565,1589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,1623,1988]" captionTargetId="figure-242@2.[187,1399,1622,1989]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. SEM photographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–D, non-type (ICHUM 5879). A, cephalic region, lateral view; B, cephalic region, antero-ventral view; C, cuticular surface at the middle of body; D, tail end. Scale bars: A, B, 10µm; C, D, 20µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585222/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Amphids not observed. Buccal cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFC108F53C50DF17B" box="[976,1057,1597,1621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
|
||
) divided into two sections: cheilo-stome—cup-shaped, with a circle of twelve tooth-like rugae; and esophastome—conical in shape, with a large dorsal onchium, two smaller ventrosublateral onchia, and four minute ventrosublateral teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFB958FD1C5E2F1F9" box="[1109,1230,1727,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Denticles absent. Pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFC5B8F8EC527F1D6" box="[923,1035,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1A, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) anteriorly surrounding esophastome, without posterior terminal bulb. Excretory pore and nerve ring indistinct. Ventral gland cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFB5A8E4FC5C4F017" box="[1178,1256,1825,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) located posterior to base of pharynx, posterior edge of gland at 1.5 times pharyngeal length from anterior body end. Testis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDCC80BFA818E0CC4BCF054" box="[1345,1424,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[226,1361,597,1417]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[225,1362,596,1418]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–G, holotype; H, paratype (ICHUM 5870). A, male body; B, cephalic region, outer ventral view; C, cuticular ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; E, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the middle of body; F, ornamentations in the caudal region; G, cephalic region, inner ventral view; H, cephalic region, inner lateral view. Scale bars:A, 500µm; B–H, 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585218" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
) single, outstretched, beginning at anterior 20–25% of body length, located on right-hand side of intestine, posterior junction of vas deferens inconspicuous (complete testis observed only in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDCC80BFBC68E8AC573F0D2" box="[1030,1119,2020,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDCC80BFB5C8E8BC5D8F0D3" box="[1180,1268,2021,2045]" pageId="3" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ICHUM 5869, probably because of damage caused by freezing). Spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFF6389A8C039F7F0" box="[163,277,198,222]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) equal, arcuate, without capitulum, gradually tapering distally and 1.3–1.6 abd or 30–40% of tail length. Gubernaculum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFE868869C0B8F60E" box="[326,404,263,288]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
) well-developed: dorsal piece thin, almost straight and parallel to spicules; lateral pieces paired, L-shaped and bending at an obtuse angle, with one or two minute denticles at distal end; whole length (from proximal end of dorsal piece to distal end of lateral piece) 50–55% of spicule length. Precloacal supplement or cuticular elevation absent. A longitudinal row of cuticular wrinkles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFD1488A5C194F52D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Figs 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFF038885C1CCF52D" box="[195,224,491,515]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">4E</figureCitation>
|
||
) present at both subventral sides of precloacal region in all males, however it possibly artefact of preservation in ethanol and/or freezing. One or two short ventral setae just anterior to cloaca either present or absent. Tail (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFD458B23C3FCF54B" box="[645,720,589,613]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) conico-cylindrical, 3.9–6.0 abd long, without ventral cuticular elevation. Three caudal glands just anterior to cloaca. Distinct spinneret at tip of tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8DF0C5BFF211" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" startId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" targetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDBC80CFF5C8DF0C5BFF211" blockId="4.[156,1433,1182,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDBC80CFD7A8DF0C28EF39A" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[698,930,1182,1204]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDBC80CFD7A8DF0C28EF39A" box="[698,930,1182,1204]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDBC80CFC6A8DF1C2DDF39A" box="[938,1009,1183,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(A–G) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDBC80CFBA48DF0C47BF39D" authority="Kito, 1981" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[1124,1367,1182,1204]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDBC80CFBA48DF0C5C3F39D" box="[1124,1263,1182,1203]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">G. metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDBC80CFB378DF0C47BF39D" author="Kito, K." box="[1271,1367,1182,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="250 - 278" refId="ref5115" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series VI, Zoology 22: 250 - 278." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C" ID-Table-UUID="66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/66956638FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" startId="4.[156,204,1392,1414]" targetBox="[177,1386,1471,2062]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDBC80CFF5C8C1EC0C9F28C" blockId="4.[156,1431,1392,1442]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
Table 1. Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDBC80CFE628C1EC3A4F2AB" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[418,648,1392,1413]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDBC80CFE628C1EC3A4F2AB" box="[418,648,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDBC80CFD4E8C1EC3F8F2AB" box="[654,724,1392,1413]" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
All measurements are in µm, except for the de Man’s ratios, and in the form: mean±s.d. (range).
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDBC80CFE918CE2C070F28F" bold="true" box="[337,348,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">*</emphasis>
|
||
ICHUM 5869.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDBC80CFC408CD1C473FF20" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<table id="40EAC410FFDB37F7FF718CD1C446FF20" box="[177,1386,1471,2062]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718CD1C446F2FC" box="[177,1386,1471,1490]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8CD1C56BF2FC" box="[893,1095,1471,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Male</th>
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8CD1C446F2FC" box="[1183,1386,1471,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Female</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718CBAC446F2C9" box="[177,1386,1492,1511]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718CBAC3B1F2C9" box="[177,669,1492,1511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Character</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718C87C446F2D2" box="[177,1386,1513,1532]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8C87C207F2D2" box="[732,811,1513,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Holotype</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8C87C56BF2D2" box="[893,1095,1513,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Paratypes</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8C87C446F2D2" box="[1183,1386,1513,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Paratypes</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718F7CC446F108" box="[177,1386,1554,1574]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718F7CC3B1F108" box="[177,669,1554,1574]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">n</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8F7CC207F108" box="[732,811,1554,1574]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8F7CC56BF108" box="[893,1095,1554,1574]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">6</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8F7CC446F108" box="[1183,1386,1554,1574]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718F45C446F111" box="[177,1386,1579,1599]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718F45C3B1F111" box="[177,669,1579,1599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">L</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8F45C207F111" box="[732,811,1579,1599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">2250</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8F45C56BF111" box="[893,1095,1579,1599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">2315±193 (2030–2480)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8F45C446F111" box="[1183,1386,1579,1599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">2530±196 (2240–2750)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718F2BC446F177" box="[177,1386,1605,1625]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718F2BC3B1F177" box="[177,669,1605,1625]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">a</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8F2BC207F177" box="[732,811,1605,1625]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">25.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8F2BC56BF177" box="[893,1095,1605,1625]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">27.1±1.2 (25.1–28.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8F2BC446F177" box="[1183,1386,1605,1625]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">23.3±1.2 (21.9–24.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718F31C446F15D" box="[177,1386,1631,1651]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718F31C3B1F15D" box="[177,669,1631,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">b</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8F31C207F15D" box="[732,811,1631,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">8.2</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8F31C56BF15D" box="[893,1095,1631,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">8.6±0.4 (8.3–9.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8F31C446F15D" box="[1183,1386,1631,1651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">8.8±0.6 (8.2–9.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718F16C446F1A3" box="[177,1386,1656,1677]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718F16C3B1F1A3" box="[177,669,1656,1677]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">c</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8F16C207F1A3" box="[732,811,1656,1677]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">9.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8F16C56BF1A3" box="[893,1095,1656,1677]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">9.2±0.4 (8.8–9.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8F16C446F1A3" box="[1183,1386,1656,1677]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">8.4±1.1 (7.3–10.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718FFCC446F188" box="[177,1386,1682,1702]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718FFCC3B1F188" box="[177,669,1682,1702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">V</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8FFCC207F188" box="[732,811,1682,1702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8FFCC56BF188" box="[893,1095,1682,1702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8FFCC446F188" box="[1183,1386,1682,1702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">46.5±0.4 (45.9–47.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718FC2C446F1EE" box="[177,1386,1708,1728]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718FC2C3B1F1EE" box="[177,669,1708,1728]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Cephalic diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8FC2C207F1EE" box="[732,811,1708,1728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">23</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8FC2C56BF1EE" box="[893,1095,1708,1728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">23±1.4 (22–26)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8FC2C446F1EE" box="[1183,1386,1708,1728]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">25±1.2 (23–26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718FABC446F1F4" box="[177,1386,1733,1754]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718FABC3B1F1F4" box="[177,669,1733,1754]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">mbd</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8FABC207F1F4" box="[732,811,1733,1754]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">87</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8FABC56BF1F4" box="[893,1095,1733,1754]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">86±7.7 (71–92)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8FABC446F1F4" box="[1183,1386,1733,1754]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">109±9.1 (100–122)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718FB1C446F1DD" box="[177,1386,1759,1779]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718FB1C3B1F1DD" box="[177,669,1759,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">vbd</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8FB1C207F1DD" box="[732,811,1759,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8FB1C56BF1DD" box="[893,1095,1759,1779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8FB1C446F1DD" box="[1183,1386,1759,1779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">94±6.4 (87–104)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718F97C446F023" box="[177,1386,1785,1805]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718F97C3B1F023" box="[177,669,1785,1805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">abd</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8F97C207F023" box="[732,811,1785,1805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">59</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8F97C56BF023" box="[893,1095,1785,1805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">56±10 (38–68)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8F97C446F023" box="[1183,1386,1785,1805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">48±6.5 (39–57)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E7DC446F009" box="[177,1386,1811,1831]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E7DC3B1F009" box="[177,669,1811,1831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Posterior end of pharynx from anterior body end</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E7DC207F009" box="[732,811,1811,1831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">275</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E7DC56BF009" box="[893,1095,1811,1831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">268±18 (244–290)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E7DC446F009" box="[1183,1386,1811,1831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">287±11 (270–302)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E42C446F06E" box="[177,1386,1836,1856]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E42C3B1F06E" box="[177,669,1836,1856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Posterior end of ventral gland cell from anterior body end</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E42C207F06E" box="[732,811,1836,1856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">391</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E42C56BF06E" box="[893,1095,1836,1856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">399±22 (365–420)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E42C446F06E" box="[1183,1386,1836,1856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">457±59 (382–546)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E28C446F074" box="[177,1386,1862,1882]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E28C3B1F074" box="[177,669,1862,1882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Tail length on arc</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E28C207F074" box="[732,811,1862,1882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">232</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E28C56BF074" box="[893,1095,1862,1882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">251±15 (226–270)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E28C446F074" box="[1183,1386,1862,1882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">332±8.7 (326–347)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E0EC446F05A" box="[177,1386,1888,1908]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E0EC3B1F05A" box="[177,669,1888,1908]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Spicule length</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E0EC207F05A" box="[732,811,1888,1908]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">82, 86</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E0EC56BF05A" box="[893,1095,1888,1908]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">86±1.9 (83–89)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E0EC446F05A" box="[1183,1386,1888,1908]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E17C446F0A0" box="[177,1386,1913,1934]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E17C3B1F0A0" box="[177,669,1913,1934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Gubernaculum whole length</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E17C207F0A0" box="[732,811,1913,1934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">43</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E17C56BF0A0" box="[893,1095,1913,1934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">45±1.6 (43–47)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E17C446F0A0" box="[1183,1386,1913,1934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718EFDC446F089" box="[177,1386,1939,1959]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718EFDC3B1F089" box="[177,669,1939,1959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Lateral piece length</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8EFDC207F089" box="[732,811,1939,1959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">35</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8EFDC56BF089" box="[893,1095,1939,1959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">34±1.1 (33–36)</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8EFDC446F089" box="[1183,1386,1939,1959]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718EC0C446F0EF" box="[177,1386,1966,1985]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718EC0C3B1F0EF" box="[177,669,1966,1985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Testis from anterior body end</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8EC0C207F0EF" box="[732,811,1966,1985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">486</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8EC0C56BF0EF" box="[893,1095,1966,1985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
557
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDBC80CFC2C8EC0C2DBF0EF" bold="true" box="[1004,1015,1966,1985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">*</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8EC0C446F0EF" box="[1183,1386,1966,1985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718EA8C446F0F5" box="[177,1386,1990,2011]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718EA8C3B1F0F5" box="[177,669,1990,2011]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Vulva from anterior body end</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8EA8C207F0F5" box="[732,811,1990,2011]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8EA8C56BF0F5" box="[893,1095,1990,2011]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8EA8C446F0F5" box="[1183,1386,1990,2011]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">1177±96 (1027–1280)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E8EC446F0DA" box="[177,1386,2016,2036]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E8EC3B1F0DA" box="[177,669,2016,2036]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Anterior end of anterior ovary from anterior body end</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E8EC207F0DA" box="[732,811,2016,2036]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E8EC56BF0DA" box="[893,1095,2016,2036]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E8EC446F0DA" box="[1183,1386,2016,2036]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">584±116 (428–705)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8CDA34F2FFDB37F7FF718E94C446FF20" box="[177,1386,2042,2062]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">
|
||
<th id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FF718E94C3B1FF20" box="[177,669,2042,2062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">Posterior end of posterior ovary from anterior body end</th>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FD1C8E94C207FF20" box="[732,811,2042,2062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FCBD8E94C56BFF20" box="[893,1095,2042,2062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">—</td>
|
||
<td id="CF0B5D8EFFDB37F7FB5F8E94C446FF20" box="[1183,1386,2042,2062]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="65">1870±27 (1843–1896)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDAC80DFF758BA1C025F3A0" blockId="5.[156,768,198,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFF758BA1C028F5C9" box="[181,260,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Females</emphasis>
|
||
. Body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFEA28BA1C09AF5C9" box="[354,438,719,743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1211,1233]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-439@3.[264,1322,205,1172]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. A–C, holotype; D, paratype (ICHUM 5877). A tail end, outer lateral view; B, male cloacal and caudal regions; C, spicule and gubernaculum; D, female body. Scale bars: A, C, 10µm; B, 50µm; D, 500µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585224/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to males but thicker (mbd approximately
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFEBA8B81C0D5F429" box="[378,505,751,775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="110.0" valueMax="120.0" valueMin="100.0">100–120 µm</quantity>
|
||
). Cephalic diameter 20– 25% of mbd. In one specimen (ICHUM 5877), ventral gland cell reaches 1.9 times pharyngeal length from anterior body end. Female reproductive system didelphic and amphidelphic. Ovaries opposed and reflexed: anterior ovary beginning at 15–30% of body length, located on right-hand side of intestine; posterior ovary ending at 70% of body length, located on leπ-hand side of intestine. Eggs oval,
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFD6D8ABDC3D3F4C5" box="[685,767,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="0.762" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="in" value="10.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="3.0">3–18 in</quantity>
|
||
uteri,
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFF198A9DC010F322" box="[217,316,1011,1036]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="30.0">30–60 µm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Vulva situated slightly anterior to middle of body. Tail 6.1–8.4 abd long, longer and thinner than in males. Three caudal glands situated in anal region, one or two of them located preanally, and the others located postanally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDAC80DFF758DF8C355F3E1" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDAC80DFF758DF8C355F3E1" blockId="5.[156,768,198,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFF758DF8C001F380" bold="true" box="[181,301,1174,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFDCD8DF9C3D3F380" authority="(Antarctic)" baseAuthorityName="Antarctic" box="[525,767,1174,1198]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFDCD8DF9C3A9F380" box="[525,645,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
(Antarctic)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Latin adjective taken from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDAC80DFE388DD9C308F3E1" box="[504,548,1207,1231]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7AF0653BFFDAC80DFF758DB9C566F3C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="325536B0FFDAC80DFF758DB9C566F3C1" blockId="5.[156,768,198,1263]" lastBlockId="5.[820,1433,198,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFF758DB9C035F3C1" bold="true" box="[181,281,1239,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFEF38DB9C317F3C1" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[307,571,1239,1263]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFEF38DB9C317F3C1" box="[307,571,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Graphonema antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFD8A8DB6C38CF3C1" box="[586,672,1240,1263]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFC6389A9C512F7F0" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[931,1086,198,222]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC6389A9C298F7F0" box="[931,948,199,222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC0389A8C512F7F0" box="[963,1086,198,222]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4AFD7620FFDAC80DFB2F89A9C40BF7F0" box="[1263,1319,199,222]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
in respect of the longer spicules (approximately 1.5 abd), the shape of the gubernaculum (whole length approximately 1/2 of spicule length, and with L-shaped lateral pieces bending at an obtuse angle and equipped with minute denticles at the distal end), and tail length in both sexes (approximately 4–6 abd in males and 6–9 abd in females). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFAE488E4C24CF6EC" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFAE488E4C419F68F" box="[1316,1333,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFA8188E4C24CF6EC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFCA688C4C29FF6EF" box="[870,947,426,449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFBF888C4C5FEF6EC" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[1080,1234,426,450]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBF888C4C5FEF6EC" box="[1080,1234,426,450]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G. metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger body size (L=2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFC4C88A4C2FAF6CC" box="[908,982,458,482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFB8388A5C595F6CC" box="[1091,1209,459,483]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFA8F88A5C2A1F52D" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFA8F88A5C44CF6CC" box="[1359,1376,459,482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFAAE88A5C2A1F52D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFC578885C2C4F52C" box="[919,1000,491,514]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC328882C521F52D" box="[1010,1037,492,515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFB828885C5A0F52C" box="[1090,1164,491,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males,
|
||
<quantity id="F5129B55FFDAC80DFAC28885C45BF52C" box="[1282,1399,491,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFC688B62C568F50D" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[936,1092,523,547]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC688B62C295F50D" box="[936,953,524,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC098B65C568F50D" box="[969,1092,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the presence of the lateral differentiation (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFB808B42C5F7F56A" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[1088,1243,556,580]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFB808B42C57DF56D" box="[1088,1105,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBA08B42C5F7F56A" box="[1120,1243,556,580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AAD12A35FFDAC80DFB348B42C41EF56A" box="[1268,1330,556,580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1182,1204]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,206,1142]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[188,1400,205,1143]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Differential interference contrast micrographs of Graphonema antarcticum sp. nov. (A–G) and G. metuliferum Kito, 1981 (H–J). A, paratype (ICHUM 5870), B–F, holotype; G, paratype (ICHUM 5868); H–J, holotype (ICHUM, no accession number). A, cuticular ornamentations in the anterior region; B, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; C, ornamentations and lateral differentiation at the posterior end of pharyngeal region; D, ornamentations at the middle of body; E, cuticular wrinkles at the precloacal region; F, ornamentations at the cloacal region; G, ornamentations at the tail and; H, ornamentations in the anterior region; I, ornamentations at the anterior 1/3 of pharyngeal region; J, ornamentations at the middle of body. Scale bar: 10µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4585226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4585226/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
H–J). The presence or absence of lateral differentiation is a good diagnostic character used to distinguish species or genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFCF48BE0C2FAF588" authorityName="Filipjev" authorityYear="1917" box="[820,982,654,678]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Chromadoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC2A8BE0C2D7F588" box="[1002,1019,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFBCC8BE0C594F588" author="Tchesunov, A. V." box="[1036,1208,654,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="373 - 398" refId="ref5360" refString="Tchesunov, A. V. 2014. Order Chromadorida Chitwood, 1933. Pp. 373 - 398. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.) Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 2. Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin and Boston." type="book chapter" year="2014">Tchesunov 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFA848BE0C240F5E8" authorityName="Cobb" authorityYear="1898" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFA848BE0C240F5E8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">Graphonema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains five species reported to have lateral differentiation,
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC458BA1C28EF5C8" box="[901,930,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">viz</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFC758BA1C500F5C8" authorityName="Warwick and Coles" authorityYear="1975" baseAuthorityName="Filipjev" baseAuthorityYear="1946" box="[949,1068,719,742]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC758BA1C500F5C8" box="[949,1068,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G. arcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBF98BA1C4BDF5C9" box="[1081,1425,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFBF98BA1C5CEF5C9" authorityName="Warwick and Coles" authorityYear="1975" box="[1081,1250,719,743]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="northumbriae">G. northumbriae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFB2A8BA1C4BDF5C9" authorityName="Warwick and Coles" authorityYear="1975" baseAuthorityName="Gerlach" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[1258,1425,719,743]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="parafricanum">G. parafricanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFCF48B9EC284F429" authorityName="Inglis" authorityYear="1969" box="[820,936,752,775]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Protochromadora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="scampae">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFCF48B9EC284F429" box="[820,936,752,775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G. scampae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFC238B9EC557F429" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[995,1147,752,775]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC238B9EC557F429" box="[995,1147,752,775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFB438B9EC5FFF429" box="[1155,1235,752,775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and only one species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFCA78A7EC52DF406" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[871,1025,784,808]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFCA78A7EC52DF406" box="[871,1025,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G. metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reported to have no lateral differentiation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFCAB8A5EC2DFF466" author="Filipjev, I. N." box="[875,1011,816,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="158 - 184" refId="ref4778" refString="Filipjev, I. N. 1946. Nematodes libres du bassin polaire. Trudy dreifuiushchaia ekspeditsiia Glavsevmorputi na ledokol'nom parokhode " G. Sedov " 1937 - 1940 3: 158 - 184." type="journal article" year="1946">Filipjev 1946</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFC3E8A5EC5A4F466" author="Gerlach, S. A." box="[1022,1160,816,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="241 - 246" refId="ref4813" refString="Gerlach, S. A. 1958. Freilebende Nematoden von den Korallenriffen des Roten Meeres. Kieler Meeresforschungen 14: 241 - 246." type="journal article" year="1958">Gerlach 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFB538A5EC429F466" author="Coles, J. W." box="[1171,1285,816,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="157 - 194" refId="ref4698" refString="Coles, J. W. 1965. A critical review of the marine nematode genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology 12: 157 - 194." type="journal article" year="1965">Coles 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFAD08A5EC284F447" author="Warwick, R. M. & Coles, J. W." pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="403 - 412" refId="ref5412" refString="Warwick, R. M. and Coles, J. W. 1975. Notes on the free-living marine genus Euchromadora de Man, 1886 and its allies, with descriptions of two new species (Chromadoridae: Nematoda). Journal of Natural History 9: 403 - 412." type="journal article" year="1975">Warwick and Coles 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFC748A3FC530F447" author="Kito, K." box="[948,1052,849,873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="250 - 278" refId="ref5115" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series VI, Zoology 22: 250 - 278." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is unknown that lateral differentiation is present or absent in the other four known species. In addition, following minor differences are found from the original description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="567B4B41FFDAC80DFBF58ADCC583F4E4" author="Kito, K." box="[1077,1199,946,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" pagination="250 - 278" refId="ref5115" refString="Kito, K. 1981. Studies on the free-living marine nematodes from Hokkaido, IV. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University. Series VI, Zoology 22: 250 - 278." type="journal article" year="1981">Kito (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our observation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="ED518812FFDAC80DFCBB8ABDC28BF4C5" box="[891,935,979,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFBCF8ABDC586F4C5" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[1039,1194,979,1003]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBCF8ABDC50CF4C4" box="[1039,1056,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBEF8ABDC586F4C5" box="[1071,1194,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these may not be enough for the diagnostic characters: amphideal fovea (indistinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFC698D7AC56DF302" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[937,1089,1044,1068]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC698D7AC296F305" box="[937,954,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC098D7BC56DF302" box="[969,1089,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFB8B8D7AC5B7F305" box="[1099,1179,1044,1067]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFB648D7BC592F302" box="[1188,1214,1045,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
distinct in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFAFB8D7AC251F362" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFAFB8D7AC460F305" box="[1339,1356,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFA9C8D7BC251F362" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ventral gland cell (rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFB1A8D5BC45EF362" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" box="[1242,1394,1077,1100]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFB1A8D5BC5C7F362" box="[1242,1259,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFB3A8D5BC45EF362" box="[1274,1394,1077,1100]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFABC8D5BC24DF342" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFCA58D38C2ACF343" box="[869,896,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFBCA8D3BC58FF343" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[1034,1187,1109,1133]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBCA8D3BC537F342" box="[1034,1051,1109,1132]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBE88D3BC58FF343" box="[1064,1187,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and longitudinal rows of cuticular wrinkles in precloacal region (present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFA918D18C2A1F380" authority="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe, 2019" authorityName="Shimada & Tsujimoto & Watanabe" authorityYear="2019" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFA918D18C44EF3A3" box="[1361,1378,1142,1165]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFAAE8D18C2A1F380" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1BAD57D9FFDAC80DFC558DF9C2CFF380" box="[917,995,1175,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFC2B8DF9C529F380" box="[1003,1029,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5EA4D33FFDAC80DFBB38DF8C422F380" authorityName="Kito" authorityYear="1981" box="[1139,1294,1174,1198]" class="Adenophorea" family="Chromadoridae" genus="Graphonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="66" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="metuliferum">
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFBB38DF8C5A8F383" box="[1139,1156,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="009EEAA2FFDAC80DFB538DF8C422F380" box="[1171,1294,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="66">metuliferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).The distinctions between the new species and all known congeners are shown in the following key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |