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<document id="E5B07901572398381D511DB7B845763E" ID-CLB-Dataset="24723" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563576" ID-ZooBank="0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538080228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smith, David G., Bogorodsky, Sergey V., Mal, Ahmad O. &amp; Alpermann, Tilman J." docDate="2019" docId="A84F87BCFFB36914FF5AFE2AFB60FE57" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4704.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4704 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Bohlke 2000" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="5476FFC4FF816927FFCDFF93FFC2FFDC" masterDocTitle="Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1698772232398" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="E4315285C4C916E0A743B1FFD2E68E6C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="059509118AFAA848D535499223FB8994">
<mods:title id="703A8EA3E83713B5D6D076B956840A94">Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="49D0997EC8BAF78358EC740BFBC9DC8E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B0ED2D04A3AE06F74F662FB24CA4093A">
<mods:roleTerm id="C2BAFA19CEFE1EC93C8B01DC22EBDCE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="03003761389825EC181521D0DE8745E9">Smith, David G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2E3B89F1A76E02917CE6294E1100338F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1683573F0175456AB20E7A30999256BD">
<mods:roleTerm id="AD71616297758FB178BC26835302ECD2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C64BDEFF2272227046320F8593CF0B7F">Bogorodsky, Sergey V.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6D255863F1F1780DB5E14C3B887E3AA3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E8B873AFC57043238D2E8C8EDF130764">
<mods:roleTerm id="9E20821AEECEB0209F941A2851F7A20C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="16CB10A2A67C512F3F304C7D5FE2866B">Mal, Ahmad O.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5A41F6B8EDA5AE73AAD4C1B8E582A4C1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A68F5DC8F5C40E8C183272715CFF7F6A">
<mods:roleTerm id="537C0493C83DADF38DD3C2713E9237DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="55DB91D0D3F645A7BDCF04E75CBC93B1">Alpermann, Tilman J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="699A21861A0C742D778286C61DFD98B7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="62615908EE1955EF13BB163B24EE7D5C" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="83DE3597A1A85C6B74212A764F3150E7">
<mods:title id="0C197A04FDD63DC7CBC04327F2A1ED44">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4B6E17E0212CA8BA6BF8D371E79E7A6A">
<mods:date id="BEF8310B333C42DA3E5810423E7D0996">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A39E56BB629159CC690D4638755794E6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="61037B42CCEF99D5D8DDEF8EA2DDFE0B">2019-12-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FD06A43144FC0ECB11039EC951DF7D1C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="81ABCA9F63D1AE81AE42F6FFB89E4EC8">4704</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E0707FAFF800AE008002570D8E345771" type="issue">
<mods:number id="678CDBA2AF1CED49F76A910BFF99DEE0">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="4E95F604C9D0D76BF1AF03CA2D087EAA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="3973A5CFC5F62F1D9011B04027DFDB79">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D1B890932D6B6238E5467117A02FC7BE">87</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="BFBD9FEA236D28B7BD464ED9509BFC95">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5E0BCCDEDDBC661BA9BA0757BE40ABD3" type="CLB-Dataset">24723</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7B0AD0FDF1F37E51CA7C435B11B4CC84" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5DECB54442A5918E7EF1A1B5A56E2961" type="GBIF-Dataset">4bc9a2a0-5eb7-4a14-aa2a-013ccd6ca4b1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0D47671C63495CAC4A2CB3356517E6F3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="86F5740D7D08CDF6B9143F2740926D73" type="Zenodo-Dep">3563576</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3204CCEF19DFB88C070FAC61C4C260A1" type="ZooBank">0AF043C6-38E4-4546-A7FB-C43BAC5A9837</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A84F87BCFFB36914FF5AFE2AFB60FE57" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5933460" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5933460" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFFB36914FF5AFE2AFB60FE57" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A84F87BCFFB36914FF5AFE2AFB60FE57" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36915FF5AFE2AFC69FE0F" box="[151,939,441,468]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF5AFE2AFC69FE0F" blockId="50.[151,939,441,503]" box="[151,939,441,468]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="7B1181C6FFB36915FF5AFE2AFC69FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,939,441,468]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="1">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF5AFE2AFC69FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,939,441,468]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB36915FF5AFE2AFD47FE0F" ID-CoL="3HVFL" authority="Bohlke 2000" authorityName="Bohlke" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,645,441,468]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF5AFE2AFE26FE08" bold="true" box="[151,484,441,468]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gymnothorax pseudoherrei</emphasis>
Böhlke 2000
</taxonomicName>
—Dwarf Brown
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB36915FC9BFE2AFC69FE0F" box="[854,939,441,467]" country="United Kingdom" name="Moray" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Moray</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36915FF5AFE4EFED4FE2B" box="[151,278,477,503]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF5AFE4EFED4FE2B" blockId="50.[151,939,441,503]" box="[151,278,477,503]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
(
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFB36915FF52FE4EFECCFE2B" box="[159,270,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="51.[151,250,1371,1396]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[151,1436,409,1351]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURE 33. Gymnothorax pseudoherrei, SMF 35822 [KAU12-1083], 171 mm TL, fresh specimen, Al Lith, Saudi Arabia. Photo by S.V. Bogorodsky." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563644/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 33</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36915FF5AFDB2FC4DFD49" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF5AFDB2FEADFDAB" blockId="50.[151,1437,544,661]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB36915FF5AFDB2FDA8FDE5" ID-CoL="3HVFL" authority="Bohlke 2000: 408" authorityName="Bohlke" authorityPageNumber="408" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,618,544,569]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF5AFDB2FE6FFDE5" box="[151,429,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gymnothorax pseudoherrei</emphasis>
Böhlke 2000: 408
</taxonomicName>
, figs. 2F, 3D, 7 (W side of Solino [Selinog] I.,
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB36915FB8CFDB3FAE7FDE5" box="[1089,1317,544,569]" country="Philippines" name="Zamboanga del Norte" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Zamboanga Del Norte</collectingRegion>
, Mindanao,
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FF0AFDACFEFEFD84" box="[199,316,575,600]" name="Philippines" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45D2506DFFB36915FE8AFDACFE7BFD84" box="[327,441,575,600]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="15" seconds="24" value="8.8566675">8°51’24”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45D2506DFFB36915FE09FDACFD8EFD84" box="[452,588,575,600]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" precision="15" seconds="36" value="123.41">123°24’36”E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB36915FD9AFDACFD6DFD84" box="[599,687,575,600]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="2.3" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="0.0">0–4.6 m</quantity>
).
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFB36915FD0CFDACFCE0FD84" box="[705,802,575,600]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, USNM 357430.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FC1DFDD3FC2BFD84" bold="true" box="[976,1001,576,600]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB36915FC24FDACFAF3FD84" author="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V." box="[1001,1329,575,600]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref53080" refString="Golani, D. &amp; Bogorodsky, S. V. (2010) The fishes of the Red Sea-reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa, 2463, 1 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2463.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Golani &amp; Bogorodsky 2010: 10</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB36915FAF1FDACFEA8FDAB" author="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 215" refId="ref53124" refString="Golani, D. &amp; Fricke, R. (2018) Checklist of the Red Sea fishes with delineation of the Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba, endemism and Lessepsian migrants. Zootaxa, 4509 (1), 1 - 215." type="journal article" year="2018">Golani &amp; Fricke 2018: 22</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF5AFDEEFC4DFD49" blockId="50.[151,1437,544,661]" box="[151,911,636,661]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="00F61184FFB36915FF5AFDEEFC4DFD49" box="[151,911,636,661]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB36915FF5AFDEEFEA4FD49" ID-CoL="3HVCP" authorityName="Beebe &amp; Tee-Van" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,358,637,661]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herrei">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF5AFDEEFEA4FD49" box="[151,358,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gymnothorax herrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Beebe &amp; Tee Van):
<treatmentCitation id="A14710BBFFB36915FDAAFDEFFC49FD49" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." box="[615,907,636,661]" page="860" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="44774B5BFFB36915FDAAFDEFFC49FD49" author="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D." box="[615,907,636,661]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="849 - 880" refId="ref54991" refString="Randall, J. E. &amp; Golani, D. (1995) Review of the moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) of the Red Sea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 56 (3), 849 - 880." type="journal article" year="1995">Randall &amp; Golani 1995: 860</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36915FF5AFD57FBCCFC22" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF5AFD57FE62FCB1" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF5AFD57FDCBFD02" bold="true" box="[151,521,707,734]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Red Sea material.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FEBCFD50FDCBFD02" bold="true" box="[369,521,707,734]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FEBCFD50FDCBFD02" box="[369,521,707,734]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FDDAFD57FD47FD02" box="[535,645,708,734]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">KAUMM</collectionCode>
409 [
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FD09FD50FCC4FD02" box="[708,774,707,734]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">KAU</collectionCode>
12-1082] (1, 112), Al Lith;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FBFEFD57FB63FD02" box="[1075,1185,708,734]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">KAUMM</collectionCode>
410 [
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FB12FD50FAE0FD02" box="[1247,1314,707,734]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">KAU</collectionCode>
14-869] (1, 116), Al Lith;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FEF7FD7BFEB0FCDE" box="[314,370,744,770]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">SMF</collectionCode>
33616 (1, 107), Al Lith;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FD59FD7BFD0EFCDE" box="[660,716,744,770]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">SMF</collectionCode>
35822 [
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FCE4FD74FCAEFCDE" box="[809,876,743,770]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">KAU</collectionCode>
12-1083] (1, 171), Al Lith;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FB6FFD7BFB18FCDE" box="[1186,1242,744,770]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">SMF</collectionCode>
35877 [
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FAFAFD7BFAB8FCDE" box="[1335,1402,744,770]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">KAU</collectionCode>
17- 245] (1, 127), Farasan Archipelago, Abkar Island.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FD1BFC9FFCEAFCFA" bold="true" box="[726,808,780,806]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FD1BFC9FFCEAFCFA" box="[726,808,780,806]" name="Eritrea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Eritrea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: HUJ 15113 (2, 185-193), Dahlak Archipelago, Romia Island;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FF26FCA3FEFEFC96" box="[235,316,816,842]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
312234 (8, 116–204), Sheikh el Abu;
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FD20FCA3FCFCFC96" box="[749,830,816,842]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
312247 (1, 150), Melita Bay.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FB59FCA3FB22FC96" bold="true" box="[1172,1248,816,842]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FB59FCA3FB22FC96" box="[1172,1248,816,842]" name="Yemen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Yemen</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FB3DFCA3FA83FC96" box="[1264,1345,816,842]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
397542 (1, 171), Hanish Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AFCE4FBCCFC22" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF0AFCE4FD42FC4E" bold="true" box="[199,640,887,914]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Comparative material.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FE2EFCE4FD42FC4E" bold="true" box="[483,640,887,914]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Arabian Gulf</emphasis>
</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FD5CFCEBFC54FC4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587904" box="[657,918,888,914]" collectionCode="BPBM" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="BPBM 33328" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FD5CFCEBFCEDFC4E" box="[657,815,888,914]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">BPBM 33328</specimenCode>
(1, 291)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FC69FCEBFA57FC4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587922" box="[932,1429,887,914]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Oman" location="Gulf" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="BPBM 33356" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FC69FCEBFB83FC4E" box="[932,1089,887,914]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">BPBM 33356</specimenCode>
(3, 208–256).
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FB23FCE4FA57FC4E" bold="true" box="[1262,1429,887,914]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<location id="25396071FFB36915FB23FCE4FAE1FC4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFFB36914FF5AFE2AFB60FE57:25396071FFB36915FB23FCE4FAE1FC4E" box="[1262,1315,887,914]" country="Oman" name="Gulf" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gulf</location>
of
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FA80FCEBFA57FC4E" box="[1357,1429,888,914]" name="Oman" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oman</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FF5AFC0FFDD9FC6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587919" box="[151,539,923,950]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Sri Lanka" location="Sri Lanka" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="BPBM 21473" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FF5AFC0FFEF1FC6A" box="[151,307,924,950]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">BPBM 21473</specimenCode>
(1, 208).
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FE68FC0FFDD9FC6A" bold="true" box="[421,539,923,950]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FE68FC0FFDD9FC6A" box="[421,539,923,950]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FDE6FC0FFBBDFC6A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587848" box="[555,1151,923,950]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" location="Philippines" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="USNM 357433" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FDE6FC0FFD1AFC6A" box="[555,728,923,950]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 357433</specimenCode>
(3, 116–155,
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFB36915FCB5FC0FFC2BFC6A" box="[888,1001,924,950]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
).
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FC31FC08FBBDFC6A" bold="true" box="[1020,1151,923,950]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FC31FC08FBBDFC6A" box="[1020,1151,923,950]" name="Philippines" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FB42FC0FFE46FC05" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587843" collectionCode="USNM" country="Philippines" location="Mindanao" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="USNM 357430" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FB42FC0FFAFEFC6A" box="[1167,1340,923,950]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 357430</specimenCode>
(1, 147,
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFB36915FF5AFC2CFF3FFC06" box="[151,253,959,986]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<location id="25396071FFB36915FEC2FC2CFE46FC05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A84F87BCFFB36914FF5AFE2AFB60FE57:25396071FFB36915FEC2FC2CFE46FC05" box="[271,388,959,985]" country="Philippines" name="Mindanao" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mindanao</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FE40FC53FBE9FC06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587903" box="[397,1067,959,986]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Indonesia" location="Palawan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="USNM 357432" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Palawan" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FE40FC53FDF5FC06" box="[397,567,959,986]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 357432</specimenCode>
(2, 114–121,
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFB36915FD00FC53FCFFFC06" box="[717,829,960,986]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
),
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB36915FC80FC2CFC72FC05" box="[845,944,959,985]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Palawan</collectingRegion>
.
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FC75FC2CFBE9FC06" bold="true" box="[952,1067,959,986]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FC75FC2CFBE9FC06" box="[952,1067,959,986]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FBF5FC53FA80FC06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587845" box="[1080,1346,959,986]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Palawan" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="46F7AE6FFFB36915FBF5FC53FB4BFC06" box="[1080,1161,960,986]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
210269 (1, 148)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FA86FC53FDF9FC22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587828" collectionCode="USNM" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Papua New Guinea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="USNM 274957" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FA86FC53FF29FC22" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 274957</specimenCode>
(1, 103).
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FE94FC77FDF9FC22" bold="true" box="[345,571,996,1022]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FE94FC77FDF9FC22" box="[345,571,996,1022]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="908E3CF7FFB36915FD84FC77FBC8FC22" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587854" box="[585,1034,995,1022]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Papua New Guinea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="USNM 357431" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="70409ED1FFB36915FD84FC77FD37FC22" box="[585,757,995,1022]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Museum">USNM 357431</specimenCode>
(2, 126–156,
<typeStatus id="FF5D8808FFB36915FC5CFC77FBC0FC22" box="[913,1026,996,1022]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36915FF0AFB94FDDDF9E2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AFB94FC43FBB6" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF0AFB94FE9BFBFE" bold="true" box="[199,345,1031,1058]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description.</emphasis>
In TL: preanal length 2.0–2.4, predorsal length 8.1–12, head length 7.2–9.5, body depth at anus 16–25. In head length: snout length 5.7–6.9, eye diameter 7.9–11, upper-jaw length 2.7–3.4. Pores: LL 2, SO 3, IO 4, POM 6. Vertebrae: predorsal 5–8, preanal 42–50, total 111–120.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AFBE0FB36FB0A" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Body somewhat elongate in smaller specimens, becoming moderately stout with growth; anus slightly before midlength; dorsal-fin origin before gill opening. Snout relatively short and tapering, jaws of equal length. Eye moderate, over middle of upper jaw. Anterior nostril tubular; posterior nostril above anterior part of eye.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AFB4CFEDEFA56" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Teeth smooth, relatively short, stout and pointed. Intermaxillary teeth in a single peripheral series, 6–8 on each side, conical, increasing in size posteriorly; 1–2 median stout teeth. Maxillary teeth biserial, about 7–14 larger inner teeth and 19–21 smaller outer teeth, those in outer row obtusely pointed. Dentary with 1–4 larger inner conical teeth anteriorly and about 17–25 smaller blade-like outer teeth. Vomerine teeth stout, blunt, uniserial or staggered, about 7–13.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AFA07FB17F9C6" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF0AFA07FECAFA72" box="[199,264,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Color</emphasis>
: medium to dark brown with an irregular network of indistinct small, darker markings, head paler than body, lower part of head lighter, sometimes with dark lines along throat grooves, one continuing into angle of mouth. Posterior one-fourth of body and fins yellow in smaller specimens, yellow color gradually disappears with growth. Iris white with black outer ring. Body frequently covered with a gray or greenish mucus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AF9B0FDDDF9E2" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" box="[199,543,1571,1598]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Maximum size about
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB36915FE76F9B7FDD9F9E2" box="[443,539,1572,1598]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36915FF0AF9D4FE2EF911" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36915FF0AF9D4FE2EF911" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF0AF9D4FE2DF9BE" bold="true" box="[199,495,1607,1634]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Distribution and habitat.</emphasis>
Northwestern Indian Ocean and western Pacific, from the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf to the
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FF12F9F8FE5CF959" box="[223,414,1643,1669]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, in shallow water, generally less than
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB36915FC83F9FFFC4AF95A" box="[846,904,1644,1670]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth. It has not been collected from the coast of Africa or the islands of the western Indian Ocean west and south of the
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FC1BF91CFB80F975" box="[982,1090,1679,1705]" name="Maldives" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Maldives</collectingCountry>
. A cryptic species living inside coastal reefs, never seen alive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="68FC6521FFB36914FF0AF94BFB60FE57" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="205936AAFFB36914FF0AF94BFB60FE57" blockId="50.[151,1437,707,2030]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,153,395]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB36915FF0AF94BFEF9F92E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1752,1778]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
Specimens from the northwestern Indian Ocean (Red Sea, Arabian Gulf, and Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FAECF94BFAA5F92E" box="[1313,1383,1752,1778]" name="Oman" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oman</collectingCountry>
) apparently grow larger than those from elsewhere. Out of more than
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FFB36915FC48F96FFBE9F8C9" box="[901,1067,1787,1814]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
reported by Böhlke (2000) from east of the
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FED9F88CFEBDF8E5" box="[276,383,1823,1849]" name="Maldives" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Maldives</collectingCountry>
, the largest was
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB36915FDF6F8B3FD5BF8E6" box="[571,665,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="182.0">182 mm</quantity>
(ANSP 144601 from
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB36915FC5FF88CFBDBF8E5" box="[914,1049,1823,1849]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Queensland</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FBE9F88CFB52F8E6" box="[1060,1168,1823,1850]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
). The largest of only
<specimenCount id="36E0FD23FFB36915FA4DF8B3FECEF881" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
reported from the northwestern Indian Ocean, by contrast, was
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB36915FC2BF8D7FB86F882" box="[998,1092,1860,1886]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.91" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="291.0">291 mm</quantity>
(BPBM 33328, from the Arabian Gulf). Several other specimens from this area exceeded
<quantity id="E71E9B4FFFB36915FC89F8FBFC66F85E" box="[836,932,1896,1922]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
. There is a slight difference in the number of vertebrae between these two groups. Nineteen specimens from the Red Sea, Arabian Gulf, and Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FAEAF81FFAA9F87A" box="[1319,1387,1932,1958]" name="Oman" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Oman</collectingCountry>
had 113–120 total vertebrae; nine specimens from
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FD67F83CFCDEF815" box="[682,796,1967,1993]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FCE4F83CFC5BF815" box="[809,921,1967,1993]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FC1DF83CFB93F815" box="[976,1105,1967,1993]" name="Philippines" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="58F1763AFFB36915FB42F823FAA9F815" box="[1167,1387,1967,1994]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
had 111–116. The Red Sea and Arabian
<collectingRegion id="E222F848FFB36915FDFDF840FDA1F831" box="[560,611,2003,2029]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Gulf</collectingRegion>
specimens also have dark throat grooves, which are not evident in those from the Pacific. We have no genetic data from outside the Red Sea. This species was confused in the past with the superficially similar
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB26914FE4EFF2EFCFDFF0B" authority="Beebe &amp; Tee-Van" authorityName="Beebe &amp; Tee-Van" authorityYear="1933" box="[387,831,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="herrei">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB26914FE4EFF2EFDAAFF0B" box="[387,616,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gymnothorax herrei</emphasis>
Beebe &amp; Tee-Van
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by having two branchial pores instead of one, the origin of the dorsal fin more anterior, and lacking an intermediate row of small intermaxillary teeth. In the present COI phylogeny (
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFB26914FDFFFE96FD41FEC3" box="[562,643,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
) two specimens are included that have been collected during the course of this study. As no COI sequence data from other specimens are available, we cannot infer the level of intraspecific genetic divergence.
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB26914FEB7FEDEFD6DFEBB" authorityName="Bohlke" authorityYear="2000" box="[378,687,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoherrei">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB26914FEB7FEDEFD6DFEBB" box="[378,687,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gymnothorax pseudoherrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms part of a well supported clade with a number of other taxa, such as
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB26914FF3DFEE2FEA1FE57" authorityName=": Khalaf" authorityYear="2004" box="[240,355,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="griseus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB26914FF3DFEE2FEA1FE57" box="[240,355,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G. griseus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB26914FE54FEE2FDFFFE57" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[409,573,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Gymnothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thyrsoideus">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB26914FE54FEE2FDFFFE57" box="[409,573,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">G. thyrsoideus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB26914FD67FEE2FCAFFE57" authorityName="Schultz" authorityYear="1953" box="[682,877,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="unicolor">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB26914FD67FEE2FCAFFE57" box="[682,877,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Echidna unicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7E64D29FFB26914FC6EFEE1FBF0FE57" box="[931,1074,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Muraenidae" genus="Echidna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delicatula">
<emphasis id="1292EAB8FFB26914FC6EFEE1FBF0FE57" box="[931,1074,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. delicatula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B8DD2A2FFFB26914FB8FFEE2FB54FE57" box="[1090,1174,369,395]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="74.[151,250,152,177]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[367,1221,179,1955]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 48. Unrooted maximum likelihood phylogeny of Indo-Pacific moray eels (Muraenidae) based on partial mitochondrial COI. Branch support values were obtained by 100 bootstrapped replicates; only bootstrap values above 50 percent are shown. The scale bar represents average number of nucleotide substitutions. (A) = specimen sequenced in this study; (B) = sequence retrieved from BOLD; (C) sequence retrieved from CRIOBE; (G) = sequence retrieved from GenBank; (R) = sequence retrieved from Reece et al. (2010); (ID) = species ID re-assigned herein; (ID-H) = specimen re-assigned as of Huang et al. (2019); (SAU) = collected in Saudi Arabia; (ISR) = collected in Israel." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3615487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3615487/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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