806 lines
98 KiB
XML
806 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document id="43E9E9C5C715F58118DBCA42E6934672" ID-CLB-Dataset="24722" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4705.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3e84f284-4d30-4c6e-a801-f9822d49edfc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563677" ID-ZooBank="F534C43A-AB09-4CB3-9B08-FD5BDFD90298" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575538349781" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Weissman, David B. & Gray, David A." docDate="2019" docId="182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4705.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4705 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Gryllus vernalis Blatchley. Randell 1964" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="126" masterDocId="E41AFFD00961FF925161FFD20157FF9A" masterDocTitle="Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1698772641233" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="6F31396DB0DCC7509427F95E1FB552AF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="C034F533B70D6E1B825890AF546A3202">
|
||
<mods:title id="36CE002E6620023558A87DB7A724BA4F">Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E09FDCCA2A68F51203C3C00D1E5F4623" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="836892A841827C9A326FAEEB7B17187F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="43A69D479AD7F07B9F22A5C0860CE548">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B208A31B646C605D92B0FE99F986116F">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A39954D8BC50E4252791A53D5CC6DC06" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="19B53D0EE267699B8A813A34FD44C7BE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4827785D51780D229262B130B16E4AAD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="790546DB599B5D558EAD9284378C0036">Gray, David A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="27322778318543BF18DC8B9AD2F35779">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="2983B67AF74CAEF70A94C6A740BCFEB6" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3206D858C49184DD778195F93C8F1A6F">
|
||
<mods:title id="35E6D292CD45D5C3AF1F5BA3954EAD44">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="8BD7D44C7B5FC3B0D7EF3A7640AD73D8">
|
||
<mods:date id="B01F18CC9D3D131FAACB096EF3F5DE33">2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A6973E1C0796E4DA32563715878EBE67" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="E43AA2707F26AACB37C6C680D201BA80">2019-12-05</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="83249B1F597603F7337C53E3B69C8DFB" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4512203B077ECDF42D251AE8DAE4AD46">4705</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="91C5181FA7F46483F45F4D36D572EC0D" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="2FDAC685D285BA338022A3EAAFFC5D59">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="EFFB02F60855AF27105CFAE14599C2BB" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="E37AC2A39975CD69E27EF1175D85860A">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="00AE31FB5A3B5C69E6FBFD7961F7677A">277</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="48BF129236A28F84EAEA23F239C5C005">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9BA052268D1F6DC316447A931AF5766F" type="CLB-Dataset">24722</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6864D7DE3D95F3247488FB14236A8B62" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4705.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="51415503844AD61C7AA7B11324556F68" type="GBIF-Dataset">3e84f284-4d30-4c6e-a801-f9822d49edfc</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ABE27EDA0C1B4E2A228631D6541B2BC6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7FD177621E3A32A441826E6F89C3C576" type="Zenodo-Dep">3563677</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4627530E7944CB2134C15D7F3C4027BE" type="ZooBank">F534C43A-AB09-4CB3-9B08-FD5BDFD90298</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160630897" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350917FFE451F6F9E100C9F9E8" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F9E10082F9D4" blockId="118.[151,469,1587,1686]" box="[151,469,1587,1614]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<heading id="CB7D81D20917FFE451F6F9E10082F9D4" bold="true" box="[151,469,1587,1614]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE451F6F9E10082F9D4" authority="Blatchley" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,469,1587,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE451F6F9E10082F9D4" bold="true" box="[151,469,1587,1614]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE451F6F9E1000FF9D4" bold="true" box="[151,344,1587,1614]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gryllus vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
Blatchley
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F98A00C9F9E8" blockId="118.[151,469,1587,1686]" box="[151,414,1624,1650]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Northern Wood Cricket</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350917FFE451F6F9AE00EDF90C" box="[151,442,1659,1686]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F9AE00EDF90C" blockId="118.[151,469,1587,1686]" box="[151,442,1659,1686]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0917FFE451F6F9AE01BBF90C" box="[151,236,1659,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 57" captionStartId="71.[151,250,1867,1892]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,962,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@71.[151,1435,962,1848]" captionText="FIGURE 57. ITS2 gene tree. G. veintinueve samples: S02-39 (G134); S07-21 (G1139); S07-27 (G1140, G1211); S09-71 (G1451); OK, Love Co., Hwy 32 at Boggy Creek (2015-055). G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33). G. fultoni samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138). G. veletis samples: S03-58 (G39); S03-60 (G30); S15-9 (G2939); S15-16 (G2927, G2934); S15-21 (G2899); S15-24 (G2936); S15-25 (G2963, G2968, G2983); S15-53 (G3304, G3343)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616113" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3616113/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Figs 57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0917FFE45199F9AE000BF90C" box="[248,348,1660,1686]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 113" captionStart-1="FIGURE 114" captionStart-2="FIGURE 115" captionStart-3="FIGURE 116" captionStart-4="FIGURE 117" captionStart-5="FIGURE 118" captionStart-6="FIGURE 119" captionStart-7="FIGURE 120" captionStart-8="FIGURE 121" captionStart-9="FIGURE 122" captionStartId-0="119.[151,250,1673,1698]" captionStartId-1="120.[151,250,1383,1408]" captionStartId-2="120.[151,250,1758,1783]" captionStartId-3="121.[151,250,1063,1088]" captionStartId-4="121.[151,250,1685,1710]" captionStartId-5="122.[151,250,1565,1590]" captionStartId-6="123.[151,250,821,846]" captionStartId-7="123.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-8="124.[151,250,1040,1065]" captionStartId-9="124.[151,250,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1414,489,1632]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1416,311,1350]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1384,1458,1721]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1432,184,1019]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1389,1100,1656]" captionTargetBox-5="[340,1247,291,1543]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1349,302,771]" captionTargetBox-7="[359,1146,852,1938]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1435,164,1018]" captionTargetBox-9="[185,1417,1157,1695]" captionTargetId-0="figure@119.[151,1435,474,1654]" captionTargetId-1="figure@120.[151,1435,294,1364]" captionTargetId-2="figure@120.[151,1435,1458,1738]" captionTargetId-3="figure@121.[151,1435,166,1043]" captionTargetId-4="figure@121.[151,1435,1100,1664]" captionTargetId-5="figure@122.[340,1247,291,1543]" captionTargetId-6="figure@123.[151,1413,258,802]" captionTargetId-7="figure@123.[323,1148,852,1938]" captionTargetId-8="figure@124.[151,1435,164,1018]" captionTargetId-9="figure@124.[151,1435,1115,1733]" captionTargetPageId-0="119" captionTargetPageId-1="120" captionTargetPageId-3="121" captionTargetPageId-4="121" captionTargetPageId-5="122" captionTargetPageId-6="123" captionTargetPageId-7="123" captionTargetPageId-8="124" captionTargetPageId-9="124" captionText-0="FIGURE 113. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. fultoni and (B) G. vernalis. G. fultoni: (R03-86) Hocking Co., OH (S03-64), at 25°C; G. vernalis: (R03-104) Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), at 24.5°C." captionText-1="FIGURE 114. One second spectrograms of (A) G. fultoni and (B) G. vernalis, same males as in Fig. 113." captionText-2="FIGURE 115. ITS2 gene tree. G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33). G. fultoni samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138)." captionText-3="FIGURE 116. Lectotype female, G. vernalis, specimen and labels." captionText-4="FIGURE 117. Allolectotype male, G. vernalis, specimen and labels." captionText-5="FIGURE 118. Pair of G. vernalis from Crawford Co., Indiana (S03-62). Note separation of tegmina of female (left)." captionText-6="FIGURE 119. Calling song (R03-104) of G. vernalis from Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), recorded at 24.5°C." captionText-7="FIGURE 120. Size and color comparison of G. vernalis (left, S03-56, Jefferson Co., MO) vs. G. fultoni (right, S03-62, Crawford Co., IN)." captionText-8="FIGURE 121. Populations of G. vernalis that we studied." captionText-9="FIGURE 122. 16S gene tree and distribution map showing two 16S Clades for both G. vernalis and G. fultoni (the latter situation is discussed, below, under G. fultoni). G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G26, G27, G1740); S03-57 (G28, G1700, G1701, G1738); S03-62 (G31, G33, G440); S14-35 (G2754, G2755). G. fultoni samples: S01-47 (G1704); S03-56 (G38, G1703); S03- 62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35, G1712); S07-22 (G1020, G1138)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563894" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563896" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616147" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563898" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563900" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563902" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563904" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563906" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563908" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563910" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3563894/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3563896/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3616147/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3563898/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3563900/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3563902/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3563904/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3563906/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3563908/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3563910/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">113–122</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="DD0803050917FFE45006F9AE00EDF90C" box="[359,442,1660,1686]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350917FFE551F6F91203EDFF2E" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F91203AFF942" blockId="118.[151,1437,1727,2035]" box="[151,760,1727,1752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
1903
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE451B1F91203A3F942" authority="Blatchley. Blatchley 1903, p. 433" authorityName="Blatchley. Blatchley" authorityPageNumber="433" authorityYear="1903" box="[208,756,1727,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE451B1F91200CEF942" box="[208,409,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gryllus americanus</emphasis>
|
||
Blatchley.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0917FFE4536AF96D03FFF942" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[523,680,1727,1752]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref159044" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1903) The Orthoptera of Indiana. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the species known to occur in the state, with bibliography, synonymy and descriptions of new species. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianapolis, 380 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8712" type="book" year="1903">Blatchley 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 433
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F90D0400F96D" blockId="118.[151,1437,1727,2035]" box="[151,1367,1758,1783]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
1920
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE451B1F90D036CF96D" authority="Blatchley" authorityName="Blatchley. Blatchley" authorityYear="1930" box="[208,571,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="assimilis" subSpecies="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE451B1F90D0083F96D" box="[208,468,1759,1783]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gryllus assimilis vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
Blatchley
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nomen novum since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE45279F90D02FAF96C" authorityName="Blatchley. Blatchley" authorityYear="1903" box="[792,941,1759,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE45279F90D02FAF96C" box="[792,941,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">G. americanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was preoccupied.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0917FFE4550BF90C0451F96D" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[1130,1286,1758,1783]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref159109" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1920) Orthoptera of Northeastern America, with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 790 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1700" type="book" year="1920">Blatchley 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 704.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F92F0360F854" blockId="118.[151,1437,1727,2035]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
1930
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE451AEF92F024BF88F" authority="Blatchley. Blatchley 1930, p. 72" authorityName="Blatchley. Blatchley" authorityPageNumber="72" authorityYear="1930" box="[207,796,1789,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="assimilis" subSpecies="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE451AEF92F0086F88F" box="[207,465,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Gryllus assimilis vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
Blatchley.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0917FFE45323F92F0389F88F" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[578,734,1789,1814]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref159158" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1930) Blatchleyana. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 77 pp." type="book" year="1930">Blatchley 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 72
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0917FFE45244F92C02DDF88C" box="[805,906,1790,1814]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0917FFE45283F92F056FF88C" box="[994,1080,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 116" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1063,1088]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,184,1019]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[151,1435,166,1043]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 116. Lectotype female, G. vernalis, specimen and labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563898" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563898/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 116</figureCitation>
|
||
, photos courtesy of Jennifer Zaspel and Gareth Powell, Purdue University Entomological Collection, where the types are deposited) chosen by Blatchley: Red label “Type”. Crawford Co., Ind. W.S.B. 5-11-(18)99.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0917FFE45392F8E8022AF8C9" box="[755,893,1850,1875]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="allolectotype">Allolectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0917FFE452A5F8E8054CF8C9" box="[964,1051,1850,1875]" captionStart="FIGURE 117" captionStartId="121.[151,250,1685,1710]" captionTargetBox="[151,1389,1100,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@121.[151,1435,1100,1664]" captionTargetPageId="121" captionText="FIGURE 117. Allolectotype male, G. vernalis, specimen and labels." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563900" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563900/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Fig. 117</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the following data: White label “type” Crawford Co. Ind. W.S.B. 6/28/ (19)02. Blatchley chose a female as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0917FFE45562F88B0537F8E8" box="[1027,1120,1881,1906]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
because he thought the length of the ovipositor and shape and position of the female tegmina at rest [somewhat separated] were both good characters for separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE4503AF845009AF835" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[347,461,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE4503AF845009AF835" box="[347,461,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE453FFF845020EF835" box="[670,857,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pennsylvanicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE453FFF845020EF835" box="[670,857,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">G. pennsylvanicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(actually =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE452B7F8450560F835" box="[982,1079,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE452B7F8450560F835" box="[982,1079,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">G. veletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0917FFE4552CF84405BBF835" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[1101,1260,1942,1967]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref159044" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1903) The Orthoptera of Indiana. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the species known to occur in the state, with bibliography, synonymy and descriptions of new species. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianapolis, 380 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8712" type="book" year="1903">Blatchley 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 434; repeated verbatim in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0917FFE45023F8670089F857" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[322,478,1973,1998]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" refId="ref159109" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1920) Orthoptera of Northeastern America, with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 790 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1700" type="book" year="1920">Blatchley 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 706).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0917FFE451F6F80503B3F868" blockId="118.[151,1437,1727,2035]" box="[151,740,2007,2035]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
|
||
1957
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0917FFE451B7F80A0359F869" authority="(Blatchley)" baseAuthorityName="Blatchley" box="[214,526,2008,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Acheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0917FFE451B7F80A00D2F868" box="[214,389,2008,2034]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Acheta vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
(Blatchley)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0917FFE45376F80A03B7F868" author="Alexander, R. D." box="[535,736,2007,2034]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" pagination="584 - 602" refId="ref157539" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.584" type="journal article" year="1957">Alexander (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0916FFE551F6FF4B03EDFF2E" blockId="119.[151,698,153,180]" box="[151,698,153,180]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
1964
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE551B7FF4B03E1FF2E" authority="Blatchley. Randell (1964)" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[214,694,153,180]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE551B7FF4B00DCFF29" box="[214,395,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Gryllus vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
Blatchley.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0916FFE5536BFF4B03E1FF2E" author="Randell, R. L." box="[522,694,153,180]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" pagination="1565 - 1607" refId="ref165877" refString="Randell, R. L. (1964) The male genitalia in Gryllinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and a tribal revision. The Canadian Entomologist, 96, 1565 - 1607. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 961565 - 12" type="journal article" year="1964">Randell (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D89065350916FFEF51F6FF330599FD69" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0916FFE551F6FF330328FE85" blockId="119.[151,1436,225,431]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE551F6FF33007FFF61" box="[151,296,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known from several central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0916FFE55266FF33027CFF61" box="[775,811,225,251]" name="United States of America" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
states (see maps in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0916FFE5556AFF3305A5FF61" author="Capinera, J. L. & Scott, R. D. & Walker, T. J." box="[1035,1266,225,251]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refId="ref159432" refString="Capinera, J. L., Scott, R. D. & Walker, T. J. (2004) Field guide to grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets of the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 249 pp." type="book" year="2004">
|
||
Capinera
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE55516FF3005FEFF61" box="[1143,1193,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0916FFE5559DFF3304C7FF61" author="Walker, T. J." box="[1276,1424,225,251]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), both east and west of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE550D5FED70363FE85" box="[436,564,261,287]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
River.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0916FFE551A6FEF80456FE35" blockId="119.[151,1436,225,431]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE551A6FEF80311FED9" box="[199,582,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Recognition characters and song.</emphasis>
|
||
Smallest species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5524EFEFB02D4FED9" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[815,899,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5524EFEFB02D4FED9" box="[815,899,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Gryllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on average, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E89D762E0916FFE5555AFEFB0536FED9" box="[1083,1121,297,323]" name="United States of America" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although some male
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE5543AFEFB01BFFEFD" country="United States of America" name="North Dakota" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">North Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5518EFE9F000EFEFD" box="[239,345,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5518EFE9F000EFEFD" box="[239,345,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. veletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from Mirror Pool, Richland Co.) are smaller than the smallest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE55544FE9F05F6FEFD" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1061,1185,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE55544FE9F05F6FEFD" box="[1061,1185,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males. A morphologically distinctive cricket based on a combination of characters: always with short hind wings, head usually narrower than pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0916FFE5502AFE4700FCFE35" box="[331,427,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 118" captionStartId="122.[151,250,1565,1590]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,291,1543]" captionTargetId="figure@122.[340,1247,291,1543]" captionTargetPageId="122" captionText="FIGURE 118. Pair of G. vernalis from Crawford Co., Indiana (S03-62). Note separation of tegmina of female (left)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563902" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563902/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 118</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE550DEFE4400A3FE35" box="[447,500,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">song</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0916FFE55362FE470334FE35" box="[515,611,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURE 119" captionStartId="123.[151,250,821,846]" captionTargetBox="[159,1349,302,771]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[151,1413,258,802]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 119. Calling song (R03-104) of G. vernalis from Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), recorded at 24.5°C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563904" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563904/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 119</figureCitation>
|
||
, R03-104) usually 3 (rarely 4) p/c, 135–250 c/m, PR 24-31.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360916FFE551F6F95B0556F95C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563894" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563894/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" startId="119.[151,250,1673,1698]" targetBox="[155,1414,489,1632]" targetPageId="119">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0916FFE551F6F95B0556F95C" blockId="119.[151,1436,1673,1734]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE551F6F95B007CF938" bold="true" box="[151,299,1673,1698]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">FIGURE 113.</emphasis>
|
||
Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5526EF9580227F938" box="[783,880,1674,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5526EF9580227F938" box="[783,880,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE552A9F958056EF938" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[968,1081,1674,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE552A9F958056EF938" box="[968,1081,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE55524F95805F2F938" box="[1093,1189,1674,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE55524F95805F2F938" box="[1093,1189,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (R03-86) Hocking Co., OH (S03-64), at 25°C;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE550E2F97C00A3F95C" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[387,500,1710,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE550E2F97C00A3F95C" box="[387,500,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (R03-104) Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), at 24.5°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0916FFE551A6F92700F9F8E0" blockId="119.[151,1437,1781,2023]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Differs from sympatric
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE550D3F927035BF894" box="[434,524,1781,1806]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S03-56) and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE553FBF92703B1F894" box="[666,742,1781,1806]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S03-62) sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE552B3F9240566F894" box="[978,1073,1782,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE552B3F9240566F894" box="[978,1073,1782,1806]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in being smaller (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0916FFE55582F927046DF894" box="[1251,1338,1781,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="123.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionTargetBox="[359,1146,852,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@123.[323,1148,852,1938]" captionTargetPageId="123" captionText="FIGURE 120. Size and color comparison of G. vernalis (left, S03-56, Jefferson Co., MO) vs. G. fultoni (right, S03-62, Crawford Co., IN)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563906/files/figure.png" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
|
||
), tegmina always black vs. brown and black with tegminal bar in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE553A2F8C80273F8A8" box="[707,804,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE553A2F8C80273F8A8" box="[707,804,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, no overlap in file teeth and teeth/mm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="DD0803050916FFE555D3F8CB05A9F8A8" box="[1202,1278,1817,1842]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, p. 18), tegmen length,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE55185F8EC0054F8CF" box="[228,259,1854,1877]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
slower (can hear difference in field when both species singing at same temperature), and yellow cerci rare (usually the norm in live
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5505EF8B000F7F8E0" box="[319,416,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5505EF8B000F7F8E0" box="[319,416,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0916FFEA51A6F85605B2FF4D" blockId="119.[151,1437,1781,2023]" lastBlockId="120.[151,1436,153,287]" lastPageId="120" lastPageNumber="121" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
|
||
Differs from sympatric
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE550ACF8570352F805" box="[461,517,1925,1951]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5536AF8570323F804" box="[523,628,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5536AF8570323F804" box="[523,628,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. veletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(S03-55) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5539EF857022DF804" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[767,890,1924,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5539EF857022DF804" box="[767,890,1924,1951]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having head frequently narrower than pronotum, proportionately longer cerci, based on body length, smaller size, fewer p/c, and slower
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0916FFE5553FF87B05D3F859" box="[1118,1156,1961,1987]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Differs from more western, allopatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0916FFE5505BF81F008AF87C" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[314,477,1997,2023]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veintinueve">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0916FFE5505BF81F008AF87C" box="[314,477,1997,2023]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">G. veintinueve</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in no overlap in teeth/mm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="DD0803050916FFE55274F81E023DF87C" box="[789,874,1996,2022]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="17.[150,238,466,492]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 1. Summary measurements for morphological and song characters for Gryllus species discussed in this paper." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" tableUuid="C4F566360970FF8351F7FE0004D1FE76">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, p. 18), length of cerci, male tegminal length, and multilocus DNA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0919FFEA5001FF4B00F2FF29" box="[352,421,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1979,2004]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,915,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1435,898,1958]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic arrangement of taxa redrawn from Gray et al. (2019). Taxa in grey text are either not considered here because they are not US Gryllus, or are considered only briefly (Pet Store Group; G. bryanti)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563689/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
, p.
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0919FFEA50AFFF4B00BAFF29" box="[462,493,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1890,1915]" captionTargetBox="[155,1402,709,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@45.[151,1435,697,1869]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 28. Five second waveforms of calling songs of (A) G. pennsylvanicus and (B) G. firmus. G. pennsylvanicus (R04-110) Whatcom Co., WA (S04-91), at 25°C. G. firmus: (R03-255) Gainesville, FL (S03-85), at 25°C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563733" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563733/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">28</figureCitation>
|
||
; Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA5358FF480325FF29" box="[569,626,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA53A8FF4B023CFF29" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[713,875,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veintinueve">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA53A8FF4B023CFF29" box="[713,875,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">G. veintinueve</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only found west of 94° longitude. Differs from allopatric sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA50C3FF6F0374FF4D" box="[418,547,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA50C3FF6F0374FF4D" box="[418,547,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">G. cayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because the latter is taciturn and restricted to southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA55EDFF6F05B6FF4D" box="[1164,1249,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0919FFEA51A6FF300326FE85" blockId="120.[151,1436,153,287]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA51A6FF3000EBFF61" box="[199,444,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Derivation of name. “</emphasis>
|
||
vernalis” means “of springtime,” in reference to its appearance as the first singing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA5429FF3304CBFF61" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1352,1436,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA5429FF3304CBFF61" box="[1352,1436,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Gryllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA506DFED70037FE85" box="[268,352,261,287]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA500FFED7034AFE85" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[366,541,261,287]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref159044" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1903) The Orthoptera of Indiana. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the species known to occur in the state, with bibliography, synonymy and descriptions of new species. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianapolis, 380 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8712" type="book" year="1903">Blatchley 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA5349FED70333FE85" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[552,612,261,287]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref159109" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1920) Orthoptera of Northeastern America, with especial reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. The Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, 790 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1700" type="book" year="1920">1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360919FFEA51F6FAB50593FA1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563896" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563896" box="[151,1220,1383,1408]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563896/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" startId="120.[151,250,1383,1408]" targetBox="[153,1416,311,1350]" targetPageId="120">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0919FFEA51F6FAB50593FA1A" blockId="120.[151,1220,1383,1408]" box="[151,1220,1383,1408]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA51F6FAB5007CFA1A" bold="true" box="[151,299,1383,1408]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 114.</emphasis>
|
||
One second spectrograms of (A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA53E0FABA03B5FA1A" box="[641,738,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA53E0FABA03B5FA1A" box="[641,738,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and (B)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA525AFABA02FBFA1A" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[827,940,1384,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA525AFABA02FBFA1A" box="[827,940,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, same males as in Fig. 113.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360919FFEA51F6F90C0309F881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3616147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3616147/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" startId="120.[151,250,1758,1783]" targetBox="[151,1384,1458,1721]" targetPageId="120">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0919FFEA51F6F90C0309F881" blockId="120.[151,1436,1758,1819]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA51F6F90C007AF96D" bold="true" box="[151,301,1758,1783]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">FIGURE 115.</emphasis>
|
||
ITS2 gene tree.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA50BCF90D0306F96D" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[477,593,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA50BCF90D0306F96D" bold="true" box="[477,593,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA55E3F90D05BEF96D" box="[1154,1257,1758,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA55E3F90D05BEF96D" bold="true" box="[1154,1257,1758,1783]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0919FFEA51A6F8BF031EF86E" blockId="120.[151,1436,1901,2036]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA51A6F8BF00CAF81D" box="[199,413,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Geographic range.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B0919FFEA50CDF8BF0359F81D" box="[428,526,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="124.[151,250,1040,1065]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,164,1018]" captionTargetId="figure@124.[151,1435,164,1018]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURE 121. Populations of G. vernalis that we studied." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563908/files/figure.png" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some literature citations (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA5214F8BC0529F81D" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C." box="[885,1150,1901,1928]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="459 - 472" refId="ref163128" refString="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. (2006 a) Divergence in the calling songs between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19, 459 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1420 - 9101.2005.01014. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Jang & Gerhardt 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA55EBF8BF0585F81D" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C." box="[1162,1234,1901,1927]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="150 - 158" refId="ref163193" refString="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. (2006 b) Divergence in female calling song discrimination between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 60, 150 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 005 - 0151 - 3" type="journal article" year="2006">2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA543DF8BF0182F831" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA503FF84000F6F836" box="[350,417,1938,1964]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
) probably refer to morphologically similar
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0919FFEA52E0F840057FF831" box="[897,1064,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0919FFEA52E0F8400573F831" authorityName="Weissman & Gray" authorityYear="2019" box="[897,1060,1938,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veintinueve">G. veintinueve</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
a species discussed elsewhere (p. 70) in this paper. Besides our localities (see below), also known from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA52C1F867055FF855" box="[928,1032,1973,1999]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA5572F86705C2F855" box="[1043,1173,1973,1999]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0919FFEA55AEF867046BF855" box="[1231,1340,1973,1999]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="120" pageNumber="121">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA542BF8670185F869" author="Walker, T. J." pageId="120" pageNumber="121" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA51BFF80800B1F869" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C." box="[222,486,2009,2036]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="459 - 472" refId="ref163128" refString="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. (2006 a) Divergence in the calling songs between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19, 459 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1420 - 9101.2005.01014. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Jang & Gerhardt 2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0919FFEA5093F80B036BF86E" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C." box="[498,572,2009,2036]" pageId="120" pageNumber="121" pagination="150 - 158" refId="ref163193" refString="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. (2006 b) Divergence in female calling song discrimination between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 60, 150 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 005 - 0151 - 3" type="journal article" year="2006">2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360918FFEB51F6FBF50268FBDA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563898" box="[151,831,1063,1088]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563898/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" startId="121.[151,250,1063,1088]" targetBox="[151,1432,184,1019]" targetPageId="121">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0918FFEB51F6FBF50268FBDA" blockId="121.[151,831,1063,1088]" box="[151,831,1063,1088]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB51F6FBF5007CFBDA" bold="true" box="[151,299,1063,1088]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 116.</emphasis>
|
||
Lectotype female,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0918FFEB508EFBFA0308FBDA" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[495,607,1064,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB508EFBFA0308FBDA" box="[495,607,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimen and labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F566360918FFEB51F6F9470207F934" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563900" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563900" box="[151,848,1685,1710]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563900/files/figure.png" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" startId="121.[151,250,1685,1710]" targetBox="[151,1389,1100,1656]" targetPageId="121">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0918FFEB51F6F9470207F934" blockId="121.[151,848,1685,1710]" box="[151,848,1685,1710]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB51F6F947007CF934" bold="true" box="[151,299,1685,1710]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">FIGURE 117.</emphasis>
|
||
Allolectotype male,
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB509EF9450321F934" box="[511,630,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D0918FFEB509EF9450325F934" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[511,626,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">G. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
specimen and labels.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0918FFEB51A6F90F05ECF880" blockId="121.[151,1436,1756,2035]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB51A6F90F0073F96D" box="[199,292,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
An obligate woodland, and edge of woodland, species. Males can frequently be heard singing from undergrowth abutting woodlands but can be difficult to collect even when using oatmeal trails.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0918FFEB51A6F8F70253F8F8" blockId="121.[151,1436,1756,2035]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB51A6F8F7030DF8A4" box="[199,602,1829,1855]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Life cycle and seasonal occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
No egg diapause. One generation/year. Adults from early May (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F0918FFEB544BF8F60187F8F9" author="Blatchley, W. S." pageId="121" pageNumber="122" refId="ref159044" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1903) The Orthoptera of Indiana. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the species known to occur in the state, with bibliography, synonymy and descriptions of new species. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianapolis, 380 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8712" type="book" year="1903">Blatchley, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) until mid-summer, and overwinter as late instars.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE0918FFE851A6F8BF0542FF61" blockId="121.[151,1436,1756,2035]" lastBlockId="122.[151,1436,152,251]" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="123" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB51A6F8BF0060F81C" box="[199,311,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB505CF8BF00EFF81D" bold="true" box="[317,440,1900,1927]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Head size:</emphasis>
|
||
Of the specimens from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0918FFEB53A2F8BE0240F81C" box="[707,791,1900,1926]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F31881C0918FFEB521DF8BF02FBF81D" box="[892,940,1901,1927]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, 0 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370918FFEB5524F8BF05CDF81C" box="[1093,1178,1900,1927]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and 3 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370918FFEB5463F8BF043AF81C" box="[1282,1389,1900,1927]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
had the head narrower than the pronotum. From
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0918FFEB53ECF84203A6F830" box="[653,753,1936,1962]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
5 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370918FFEB524FF84302D2F830" box="[814,901,1936,1963]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and both females had the head narrower. From
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0918FFEB51F6F867005AF855" box="[151,269,1973,1999]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 5 of
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370918FFEB5030F86700FEF854" box="[337,425,1972,1999]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and all
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD370918FFEB5369F8670321F854" box="[520,630,1972,1999]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
|
||
had the head narrower. No specimens were captured in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0918FFEB559DF8670463F855" box="[1276,1332,1973,1999]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C0918FFEB543CF86604CFF854" box="[1373,1432,1972,1998]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
, although they were heard singing from dense vegetation.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC0918FFEB527AF80A02FEF869" bold="true" box="[795,937,2008,2035]" pageId="121" pageNumber="122">Cerci color:</emphasis>
|
||
Rare (1 of 31) individuals with yellow cerci when alive. This color darkens upon death.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE853E7FF4A0276FF29" bold="true" box="[646,801,152,179]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Pulses/chirp:</emphasis>
|
||
Usually 3 p/c but 1 (S03-56) of 17 recorded males with a rare chirp with 4 pulses.
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE850A1FF6E02DFFF4D" bold="true" box="[448,904,188,215]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Are female tegmina widely separated?</emphasis>
|
||
Usually, but not always in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091BFFE855DBFF6F0461FF4D" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1210,1334,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE855DBFF6F0461FF4D" box="[1210,1334,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and this “diagnostic” condition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F091BFFE850C3FF330307FF61" author="Blatchley, W. S." box="[418,592,225,251]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" refId="ref159044" refString="Blatchley, W. S. (1903) The Orthoptera of Indiana. An illustrated descriptive catalogue of the species known to occur in the state, with bibliography, synonymy and descriptions of new species. Indiana Department of Geology and Natural Resources, Indianapolis, 380 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8712" type="book" year="1903">Blatchley 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is also seen in some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091BFFE85225FF3302F8FF61" box="[836,943,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE85225FF3302F8FF61" box="[836,943,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F56636091BFFE851F6F9CF0462F9AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563902" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563902" box="[151,1333,1565,1590]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563902/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" startId="122.[151,250,1565,1590]" targetBox="[340,1247,291,1543]" targetPageId="122">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091BFFE851F6F9CF0462F9AC" blockId="122.[151,1333,1565,1590]" box="[151,1333,1565,1590]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE851F6F9CF007CF9AC" bold="true" box="[151,299,1565,1590]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">FIGURE 118.</emphasis>
|
||
Pair of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091BFFE8501DF9CC00BAF9AF" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[380,493,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE8501DF9CC00BAF9AF" box="[380,493,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Crawford Co., Indiana (S03-62). Note separation of tegmina of female (left).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091BFFE851A6F9B600E2F894" blockId="122.[151,1437,1635,2022]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE851A6F9B600E0F9E4" box="[199,439,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE850DCF9B105B8F9E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587999" box="[445,1263,1635,1662]" collectingDate="1995-06-17" collectorName="T. J. Walker" county="Polk Co." location="Wilhelmina State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Arkansas">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE850DCF9B1036FF9E4" bold="true" box="[445,568,1635,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE850DCF9B10364F9E4" box="[445,563,1635,1662]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE8535FF9B603F5F9E4" box="[574,674,1636,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Polk Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE853CCF9B602FCF9E4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE853CCF9B602FCF9E4" box="[685,939,1636,1662]" county="Polk Co." name="Wilhelmina State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Arkansas">Wilhelmina State Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE852D7F9B10562F9E4" box="[950,1077,1635,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="1995-06-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE852D7F9B10562F9E4" box="[950,1077,1635,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="1995-06-17">17-vi-1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="3D7F5368091BFFE8555EF9B605E8F9E4" box="[1087,1215,1636,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">T.J. Walker</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE855ABF9B605B8F9E4" box="[1226,1263,1636,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE8559BF9B1053DF938" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587992" collectingDate="2014-07-08" county="Johnson Co." elevation="170" location="Ferne Clyffe State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Illinois">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE8559BF9B10401F9E4" bold="true" box="[1274,1366,1635,1662]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE8559BF9B10406F9E4" box="[1274,1361,1635,1662]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE8543DF9B601B8F938" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE8543DF9B601BEF938" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Johnson Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE85060F95A0345F938" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE85060F95A0345F938" box="[257,530,1672,1698]" county="Johnson Co." name="Ferne Clyffe State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Illinois">Ferne Clyffe State Park</location>
|
||
<locationDeviation id="81872F9C091BFFE8537DF95A03A6F938" box="[540,753,1672,1698]" location="Goreville" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<quantity id="57729B5B091BFFE8537DF95A0337F938" box="[540,608,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="1.4">1.4 m</quantity>
|
||
S Goreville
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="57729B5B091BFFE8539EF95A0216F938" box="[767,833,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="170.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1BA7D18D091BFFE8539EF95A0216F938" box="[767,833,1672,1698]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="170.0">170m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE85231F95A0291F938" box="[848,966,1672,1698]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2014-07-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE85231F95A0291F938" box="[848,966,1672,1698]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2014-07-08">8-vii-2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S14-35),
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE85524F95A053DF938" box="[1093,1130,1672,1698]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, A. & D. Wood.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE85457F9550542F95C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588431" collectingDate="2003-06-04" county="Crawford Co." elevation="12" location="Hwy" municipality="Hwy" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Indiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE85457F95504CBF938" bold="true" box="[1334,1436,1671,1698]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE85457F95504CFF938" box="[1334,1432,1671,1698]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE851F6F97E0067F95C" box="[151,304,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE851F6F97E007CF95C" box="[151,299,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Crawford Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC4091BFFE8505EF97E0022F95C" box="[319,373,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
62
|
||
<quantity id="57729B5B091BFFE850FEF97E00BBF95C" box="[415,492,1708,1734]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="11.6">
|
||
<elevation id="1BA7D18D091BFFE850FEF97E00BBF95C" box="[415,492,1708,1734]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="11.6">11.6 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
W of
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE85350F97E0330F95C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE85350F97E0330F95C" box="[561,615,1708,1734]" county="Crawford Co." municipality="Hwy" name="Hwy" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Indiana">Hwy</location>
|
||
135. 750’,
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE85386F97E0202F95C" box="[743,853,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE85386F97E0202F95C" box="[743,853,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-04">4-vi-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S03-62)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE852A7F97E02BDF95C" box="[966,1002,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE85291F97E0542F95C" box="[1008,1045,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE85540F97903A2F970" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588025" collectingDate="2003-06-02" county="Jefferson Co." location="Babler State Park" municipality="Edmond" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Missouri">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE85540F97905C3F95C" bold="true" box="[1057,1172,1707,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE85540F97905D8F95C" box="[1057,1167,1707,1734]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE855FAF97E0478F95C" box="[1179,1327,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE855FAF97E047EF95C" box="[1179,1321,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Jefferson Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC4091BFFE8545CF97E04CBF95C" box="[1341,1436,1708,1734]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Edmond</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
A.
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE851D8F9020029F970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE851D8F9020029F970" box="[185,382,1744,1770]" county="Jefferson Co." municipality="Edmond" name="Babler State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Missouri">Babler State Park</location>
|
||
, 750’,
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE850A9F9020360F970" box="[456,567,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE850A9F9020360F970" box="[456,567,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-02">2-vi-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S03-56)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE853C6F902039DF970" box="[679,714,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE853B1F90203A2F970" box="[720,757,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE85261F9020007F894" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587994" collectingDate="2003-05-13" county="Coffe Co." location="Old Stone Fort State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Tennessee">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE85261F90202D7F970" bold="true" box="[768,896,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE85261F902022CF970" box="[768,891,1744,1770]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE852E7F90202A7F970" box="[902,1008,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE852E7F90202BDF970" box="[902,1002,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Coffe Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE8529FF902044AF970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE8529FF902044AF970" box="[1022,1309,1744,1770]" county="Coffe Co." name="Old Stone Fort State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Tennessee">Old Stone Fort State Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE85449F90204CAF970" box="[1320,1437,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-05-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE85449F90204CAF970" box="[1320,1437,1744,1770]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-05-13">13-v-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S03-57)
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE85063F9260072F894" box="[258,293,1780,1806]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="male">7♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="868CFD37091BFFE8504DF9260007F894" box="[300,336,1780,1806]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, Y. Jang.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091BFFE851A6F8CA03B7F8CD" blockId="122.[151,1437,1635,2022]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE851A6F8CA00CEF8A8" box="[199,409,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Song only records.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE850C1F8CA05E7F8A8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464587997" box="[416,1200,1815,1842]" collectingDate="2003-06-01" county="Fremont Co." location="Waubonsie State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Iowa">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE850C1F8CA00B3F8A8" bold="true" box="[416,484,1816,1842]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE850C1F8CA0088F8A8" box="[416,479,1816,1842]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Iowa</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE8508DF8CB032DF8A8" box="[492,634,1816,1842]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE8508DF8CB0323F8A8" box="[492,628,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Fremont Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE853E9F8CA02D6F8A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE853E9F8CA02D6F8A8" box="[648,897,1816,1842]" county="Fremont Co." name="Waubonsie State Park" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Iowa">Waubonsie State Park</location>
|
||
, 1250’
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE852B5F8CA0515F8A8" box="[980,1090,1816,1842]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-01">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE852B5F8CA0515F8A8" box="[980,1090,1816,1842]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-01">1-vi-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(S03-55)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="20E23CE3091BFFE855DAF8C50338F8CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2464588009" collectingDate="2003-06-05" county="Hocking Co." elevation="9" location="Lanchester" municipality="Hwy" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ohio">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE855DAF8C50457F8A8" bold="true" box="[1211,1280,1815,1842]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE855DAF8C505ADF8A8" box="[1211,1274,1815,1842]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="79544E32091BFFE85466F8CA04C3F8A8" box="[1287,1428,1816,1842]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE85466F8CA04D8F8A8" box="[1287,1423,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hocking Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7051ACC4091BFFE851F6F8EE019AF8CC" box="[151,205,1852,1878]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Hwy</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
33
|
||
<quantity id="57729B5B091BFFE85199F8EE0074F8CC" box="[248,291,1852,1878]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="9.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1BA7D18D091BFFE85199F8EE0074F8CC" box="[248,291,1852,1878]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
S
|
||
<location id="95556065091BFFE85021F8EE00EAF8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:182387A80917FFEF51F6F9E10599FD69:95556065091BFFE85021F8EE00EAF8CC" box="[320,445,1852,1878]" county="Hocking Co." municipality="Hwy" name="Lanchester" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Ohio">Lanchester</location>
|
||
, 750’
|
||
<date id="E434107E091BFFE85361F8E90338F8CC" box="[512,623,1851,1878]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F470E996091BFFE85361F8E90338F8CC" box="[512,623,1851,1878]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123" value="2003-06-05">5-vi-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
(S03-64).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091BFFE951A6F8B200E8FF61" blockId="122.[151,1437,1635,2022]" lastBlockId="123.[151,1436,152,251]" lastPageId="123" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091BFFE851A6F8B20050F8E0" box="[199,263,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">DNA.</emphasis>
|
||
We found two 16S clades (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B091BFFE8535EF8B203F2F8E0" box="[575,677,1888,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="124.[151,250,1040,1065]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,164,1018]" captionTargetId="figure@124.[151,1435,164,1018]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURE 121. Populations of G. vernalis that we studied." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563908" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563908/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Figs 121</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B091BFFE853D3F8B203B7F8E0" box="[690,736,1888,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 122" captionStartId="124.[151,250,1753,1778]" captionTargetBox="[185,1417,1157,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@124.[151,1435,1115,1733]" captionTargetPageId="124" captionText="FIGURE 122. 16S gene tree and distribution map showing two 16S Clades for both G. vernalis and G. fultoni (the latter situation is discussed, below, under G. fultoni). G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G26, G27, G1740); S03-57 (G28, G1700, G1701, G1738); S03-62 (G31, G33, G440); S14-35 (G2754, G2755). G. fultoni samples: S01-47 (G1704); S03-56 (G38, G1703); S03- 62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35, G1712); S07-22 (G1020, G1138)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563910/files/figure.png" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">122</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clade 1 included 3 individuals (G31, G33, G440) from near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F31881C091BFFE851A2F85601A4F804" box="[195,243,1924,1950]" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE85018F856009AF804" box="[377,461,1924,1950]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S03-62). Clade 2 included 4 individuals (G26, G27, G1739, G1740) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE85458F85604CAF804" box="[1337,1437,1924,1950]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S03-56); 4 individuals (G28, G1700, G1701, G1738) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE85252F87A02F1F858" box="[819,934,1960,1986]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S03-57); and 2 individuals (G2754, G2755) from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091BFFE851B5F81E0074F87C" box="[212,291,1996,2022]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="122" pageNumber="123">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
(S14-35). ITS2 mapping of two Clade 1 individuals (G31 and G33) and two Clade 2 individuals (G27 and G1739) all mapped together (
|
||
<figureCitation id="08B12A3B091AFFE95374FF4B0322FF29" box="[533,629,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 115" captionStartId="120.[151,250,1758,1783]" captionTargetBox="[151,1384,1458,1721]" captionTargetId="figure@120.[151,1435,1458,1738]" captionText="FIGURE 115. ITS2 gene tree. G. vernalis samples: S03-56 (G27, G1739); S03-62 (G31, G33). G. fultoni samples: S03-62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35), S07-22 (G1138)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3616147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3616147/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Fig. 115</figureCitation>
|
||
, p. 121). Multilocus G31 (Clade 1,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091AFFE95568FF4B0537FF29" box="[1033,1120,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, S03-62) and G2754 (Clade 2,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091AFFE951D5FF6F0051FF4D" box="[180,262,189,215]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
, S14-35) have these two 16S clades map together and also identifies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091AFFE95574FF6F05D6FF4D" box="[1045,1153,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE95574FF6F05D6FF4D" box="[1045,1153,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091AFFE955D8FF6F046CFF4D" box="[1209,1339,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE955D8FF6F046CFF4D" box="[1209,1339,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">G. cayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister species (Gray
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE95056FF300027FF61" box="[311,368,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C4F56636091AFFE951F6FCE705B6FCD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563904" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563904" box="[151,1249,821,846]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563904/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" startId="123.[151,250,821,846]" targetBox="[159,1349,302,771]" targetPageId="123">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091AFFE951F6FCE705B6FCD4" blockId="123.[151,1249,821,846]" box="[151,1249,821,846]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE951F6FCE7007CFCD4" bold="true" box="[151,299,821,846]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 119.</emphasis>
|
||
Calling song (R03-104) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091AFFE95325FCE403E2FCD7" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[580,693,821,845]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE95325FCE403E2FCD7" box="[580,693,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Jefferson Co., MO (S03-56), recorded at 24.5°C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F56636091AFFE951F6F8740075F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563906" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563906/files/figure.png" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" startId="123.[151,250,1958,1983]" targetBox="[359,1146,852,1938]" targetPageId="123">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091AFFE951F6F8740075F879" blockId="123.[151,1436,1958,2019]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE951F6F874007AF825" bold="true" box="[151,301,1958,1983]" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">FIGURE 120.</emphasis>
|
||
Size and color comparison of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091AFFE95304F8750381F825" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[613,726,1959,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE95304F8750381F825" box="[613,726,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(left, S03-56, Jefferson Co., MO) vs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091AFFE95538F87505ECF825" box="[1113,1211,1959,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="123" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091AFFE95538F87505ECF825" box="[1113,1211,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="123" pageNumber="124">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(right, S03-62, Crawford Co., IN).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F56636091DFFEE51F6FBC203B3FBB3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563908" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563908" box="[151,740,1040,1065]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563908/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" startId="124.[151,250,1040,1065]" targetBox="[151,1435,164,1018]" targetPageId="124">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091DFFEE51F6FBC203B3FBB3" blockId="124.[151,740,1040,1065]" box="[151,740,1040,1065]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE51F6FBC2007AFBB3" bold="true" box="[151,301,1040,1065]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 121.</emphasis>
|
||
Populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE50ADFBC3036AFBB3" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[460,573,1041,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE50ADFBC3036AFBB3" box="[460,573,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we studied.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C4F56636091DFFEE51F6F90B0276F8C4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563910" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3563910" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3563910/files/figure.png" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" startId="124.[151,250,1753,1778]" targetBox="[185,1417,1157,1695]" targetPageId="124">
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091DFFEE51F6F90B0276F8C4" blockId="124.[151,1436,1753,1886]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE51F6F90B007AF968" bold="true" box="[151,301,1753,1778]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 122.</emphasis>
|
||
16S gene tree and distribution map showing two 16S Clades for both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE529BF908053BF968" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1018,1132,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE529BF908053BF968" box="[1018,1132,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE55FFF90805A8F968" box="[1182,1279,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE55FFF90805A8F968" box="[1182,1279,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(the latter situation is discussed, below, under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE5089F92C031DF88C" box="[488,586,1790,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE5089F92C031DF88C" box="[488,586,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE5303F92C0382F88C" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[610,725,1789,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE5303F92C0382F88C" bold="true" box="[610,725,1789,1814]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: S03-56 (G26, G27, G1740); S03-57 (G28, G1700, G1701, G1738); S03-62 (G31, G33, G440); S14-35 (G2754, G2755).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE5269F8F0023AF8A0" box="[776,877,1825,1850]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE5269F8F0023AF8A0" bold="true" box="[776,877,1825,1850]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples: S01-47 (G1704); S03-56 (G38, G1703); S03- 62 (G32, G34); S03-64 (G35, G1712); S07-22 (G1020, G1138).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091DFFEF51A6F85F05D5FF4D" blockId="124.[151,1436,1931,2030]" lastBlockId="125.[151,1437,153,755]" lastPageId="125" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE51A6F85F001DF83C" box="[199,330,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
First called the northern wood cricket by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F091DFFEE527EF85E02B2F83C" author="Alexander, R. D." box="[799,997,1931,1958]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" pagination="584 - 602" refId="ref157539" refString="Alexander, R. D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584 - 602. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 50.6.584" type="journal article" year="1957">Alexander (1957)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
despite Blatchley’s name of “vernalis” meaning “of springtime.” In fact, Blatchley discussed (1903, p. 434) how
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE52B7F8620504F850" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[982,1107,1968,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE52B7F8620504F850" box="[982,1107,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not just the first species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091DFFEE51F6F80601BCF874" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[151,235,2004,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="124" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091DFFEE51F6F80601BCF874" box="[151,235,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">Gryllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to sing in the spring but “the first Orthopteran song of the season” appearing as early as
|
||
<date id="E434107E091DFFEE55BBF8060467F87B" box="[1242,1328,2003,2030]" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">
|
||
May 5
|
||
<superScript id="67FF9BF6091DFFEE5442F8010467F87B" attach="none" box="[1315,1328,2003,2017]" fontSize="6" pageId="124" pageNumber="125">th</superScript>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, or about two weeks before
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF500DFF4B008EFF29" box="[364,473,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF500DFF4B008EFF29" box="[364,473,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. veletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sings in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091CFFEF5324FF4B03CAFF29" box="[581,669,153,179]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
. However, in 1960, Alexander & Bigelow christened the latter the northern spring field cricket, now simply called the spring field cricket by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F091CFFEF52B8FF6F0529FF4D" author="Walker, T. J." box="[985,1150,189,215]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" refId="ref168163" refString="Walker, T. J. (2019) Singing insects of North America. Available from: https: // sina. orthsoc. org / (accessed 17 September 2019)" type="url" year="2019">Walker (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091CFFEF51AEFF3301AEFD81" blockId="125.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF51AEFF33001BFF61" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[207,332,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF51AEFF33001BFF61" box="[207,332,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in many localities with either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF5397FF330235FF61" box="[758,866,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF5397FF330235FF61" box="[758,866,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF52FBFF33055BFF61" box="[922,1036,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF52FBFF33055FFF61" box="[922,1032,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">G. veletis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
With enough searching, we predict that one should find all three taxa sympatric. At such a locality, one could stand and hear and discriminate the three by song and microhabitat as follows: With an air temperature between 18-25° C, i.e. warm enough for males to sing,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF51F6FE9F0043FEFD" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,276,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF51F6FE9F0043FEFD" box="[151,276,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more likely into deeper woods where its individual three pulses/chirp can be counted.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF5580FE9F041AFEFD" box="[1249,1357,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF5580FE9F041AFEFD" box="[1249,1357,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be along the forest—adjacent grassland border area where its three pulses/chirp can’t be counted because the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091CFFEF5456FEA3040EFE11" box="[1335,1369,369,395]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
is too high.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF51B7FE470017FE35" box="[214,320,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veletis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF51B7FE470017FE35" box="[214,320,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. veletis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be in the adjacent grassland only and although its pulses are too close together to be counted, one can hear that each chirp contains more than three pulses because of the chirp’s longer duration. It is easier to appreciate the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF5349FE0F03C3FE6D" box="[552,660,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF5349FE0F03C3FE6D" box="[552,660,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF53AFFE0F021BFE6D" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[718,844,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF53AFFE0F021BFE6D" box="[718,844,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ pulse rates when the two species are heard singing together.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091CFFEF51A6FDF705A5FD31" blockId="125.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
Near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4F31881C091CFFEF504DFDF7000BFDA5" box="[300,348,549,575]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (S03-62) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF5325FDF70397FDA5" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[580,704,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF5325FDF70397FDA5" box="[580,704,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="524EF85C091CFFEF5383FDF7026EFDA5" box="[738,825,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">Indiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF521DFDF702A0FDA5" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[892,1015,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF521DFDF702A0FDA5" box="[892,1015,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF554DFDF705C0FDA5" box="[1068,1175,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF554DFDF705C0FDA5" box="[1068,1175,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred at high densities within an open area of dense forest that was clear-cut for electrical power lines. The songs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF5583FD9B0409FDF9" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1250,1374,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF5583FD9B0409FDF9" box="[1250,1374,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were softer than those of
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF501FFDBF00A5FD1D" box="[382,498,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF501FFDBF00B9FD1D" box="[382,494,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">G. fultoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
not surprising given the shorter tegmina in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF528DFDBF053DFD1D" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[1004,1130,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF528DFDBF053DFD1D" box="[1004,1130,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Many individuals of both sexes of both species were walking on the surface amid various limestone rocks and organic debris.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="903536BE091CFFEF51A6FD670599FD69" blockId="125.[151,1437,153,755]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F091CFFEF51A6FD67008CFD55" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C." box="[199,475,693,719]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="459 - 472" refId="ref163128" refString="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. (2006 a) Divergence in the calling songs between sympatric and allopatric populations of the southern wood cricket Gryllus fultoni (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 19, 459 - 472. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1420 - 9101.2005.01014. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Jang & Gerhardt (2006a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b; 2007) and Jang
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF53D6FD6403BEFD55" box="[695,745,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007) document calling song character displacement where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF51F6FD0B0044FD69" authorityName="Blatchley. Randell" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,275,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF51F6FD0B0044FD69" box="[151,275,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="578A4D3D091CFFEF502BFD0B00E2FD69" box="[330,437,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Gryllus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fultoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF502BFD0B00E2FD69" box="[330,437,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">G. fultoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sympatric; and aggressiveness related to habitat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F41B4B4F091CFFEF556AFD0B0595FD69" author="Jang, Y. & Gerhardt, H. C. & Choe, J. C." box="[1035,1218,729,755]" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1397 - 1407" refId="ref163389" refString="Jang, Y., Gerhardt, H. C. & Choe, J. C. (2008) A comparative study of aggressiveness in eastern North American field cricket species (genus Gryllus). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 62, 1397 - 1407. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00265 - 008 - 0568 - 6" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Jang
|
||
<emphasis id="A2FEEAAC091CFFEF5527FD080528FD69" box="[1094,1151,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="125" pageNumber="126">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |