treatments-xml/data/0A/9E/CC/0A9ECC2D175B3066C669392935694A4C.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" ID-GBIF-Dataset="36e5551d-3881-45a2-810a-386e517c86fc" ID-PMC="PMC3867181" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-363-1" ID-PubMed="24363601" ID-ZBK="780695A9CB2E4FECA0560BA6F456185E" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-363-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 363" ModsDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" checkinTime="1451246560986" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz" docDate="2013" docId="0A9ECC2D175B3066C669392935694A4C" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 363: 1-161" docOrigin="ZooKeys 363" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.363.6482" docTitle="Discocerinini Cresson" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFF2FFCA0333765855689824FFCDB839" masterDocTitle="A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)" masterLastPageNumber="161" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668157177207" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of the shore-fly genus Hydrochasma Hendel (Diptera, Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050171" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0A9ECC2D175B3066C669392935694A4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0A9ECC2D175B3066C669392935694A4C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Tribe 
<taxonomicName authority="Cresson" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini Cresson</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
(as 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerini">Discocerini</taxonomicName>
) 
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="227 - 258" title="Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae, excluding the North and South American faunas." volume="51" year="1925">Cresson 1925</bibRefCitation>
: 228. Type genus: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Macquart, MJ" editor="Roret, NE" journalOrPublisher="Pourrat Freres, Paris" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" title="Dipteres. Histoire Naturelle des Insectes." year="1835">Macquart 1835</bibRefCitation>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="434 - 446" title="A review of the shore-fly genus Polytrichophora Cresson from Asia (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="102" year="1989">Mathis and Zuyin 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 435 [description, key to Asian genera]. 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" title="A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="4" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 163-186 [world catalog]. 
<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 5-51 [revised classification].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
A tribe of the subfamily 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gymnomyzinae">Gymnomyzinae</taxonomicName>
that is distinguished by the following combination of characters: Small to medium-sized shore flies, body length 1.15-3.50 mm; usually invested with considerable microtomentum, especially frons and mesonotum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head: Frontal vitta (or ocellar triangle) mostly bare of setulae, not conspicuously setulose; pseudopostocellar setae well developed, length greater than distance between either posterior ocellus and anterior ocellus, generally with proclinate orientation and slightly divergent; ocellar seta inserted anterior to lateral alignment of anterior ocellus, sometimes only slightly so; reclinate fronto-orbital seta inserted in front of proclinate fronto-orbital (if 2 proclinate fronto-orbital setae present, reclinate seta inserted in front of the larger proclinate seta); proclinate fronto-orbital seta subequal to length of reclinate seta. Pedicel bearing a large seta anterodorsally; arista with 5-7 dorsally branching rays evenly along aristal length. Compound eye bearing numerous, interfacetal microsetulae. Face generally smooth, not conspicuously pitted or rugose, in lateral view shallowly carinate between antennal bases and/or very shallowly conically produced, convex. Gena generally short (secondarily high in some species), bearing setulae (including midportion) and 1 large seta, its posterior (postgenal) margin rounded, not sharp. Oral opening and clypeus narrow; mouthparts generally dark colored; clypeus generally microtomentose, similar to microtomentum of face.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Thorax: Mesonotum generally microtomentose, usually densely so; supra-alar seta usually evident although sometimes reduced; acrostichal setulae arranged in about 8 irregular rows; prescutellar acrostichal setae approximate and inserted behind level of posteromost dorsocentral setae; scutellum usually moderately densely setulose, bearing more than 20 setulae, these evenly scattered; both anterior and posterior notopleural setae inserted at about the same level from notopleural/anepisternal suture; anepisternum with 2 equal setae along posterior margin. Wing with vein R2+3 long, extended nearly to level of apex of vein R4+5. Foreleg normally developed, not raptorial with greatly enlarged femur.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
: Five tergites visible, usually not covered with microtomentum. Male terminalia: Structures symmetrical; cerci paired, hemispherical, setose, bearing sides of rectum, sometimes fused with posteroventral margin of epandrium; epandrium U-shaped, encircling cerci, anterior margin rounded, in lateral view with setae mainly on dorsum and along anteroventral margin; presurstylus lacking or fused indistinguishably with epandrium; posterolateral arms of epandrium attached with ventral apex of gonites, middle of posterior margin a base for phallapodeme; phallapodeme situated under aedeagus, associated with hypandrium and with ventral part of base of aedeagus, ventral margin with lobate appendix providing attachment for genital muscles that move aedeagus, sometimes fused with base of aedeagus; gonites paired, connecting sides of base of aedeagus and laterodorsal margin of epandrium, bearing 1 or some setulae; subepandrial plate reduced; aedeagus tubular, tapered anteriorly; ejaculatory apodeme usually lacking, if present as a spatula-shaped structure against background of ductus ejaculatorius.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Starting with 
<bibRefCitation author="Cresson, ET Jr" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="227 - 258" title="Studies in the dipterous family Ephydridae, excluding the North and South American faunas." volume="51" year="1925">Cresson (1925)</bibRefCitation>
, who first described 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
, and including all students of the family until 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="434 - 446" title="A review of the shore-fly genus Polytrichophora Cresson from Asia (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="102" year="1989">Mathis and Zuyin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
, the diagnoses, descriptions, and catalogs of this tribe included some taxa that are not closely related phylogenetically, rendering the tribe polyphyletic. 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="434 - 446" title="A review of the shore-fly genus Polytrichophora Cresson from Asia (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="102" year="1989">Mathis and Zuyin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
recharacterized 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
using synapomorphies and resulting in a monophyletic tribe into which 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs on Entomology, International" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" title="A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="4" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki (1995)</bibRefCitation>
included eight genera and 143 species in their world catalog. 
<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis (2001)</bibRefCitation>
then added two additional genera, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Galaterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galaterina" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galaterina</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Orasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasiopa" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orasiopa</taxonomicName>
, and altered the status of some subgenera in their phylogenetic study of the tribe. Finally, 
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="1 - 116" title="A revision of the new world species of Polytrichophora Cresson and Facitrichophora, new genus (Diptera, Ephydridae)." url="10.3897/zookeys.231.3687" volume="231" year="2012 a">Mathis and Zatwarnicki (2012a)</bibRefCitation>
recently described 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="phylogenetic relationships">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
On a world basis, 
<bibRefCitation author="Zatwarnicki, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="5 - 51" title="A generic classification of the tribe Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae)." volume="51" year="2001">Zatwarnicki and Mathis (2001)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a phylogenetic hypothesis for the higher-level lineages within the tribe 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
, dividing the included genera into three sublineages or groups: the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Gymnoclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnoclasiopa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Gymnoclasiopa</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Diclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diclasiopa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Diclasiopa</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
groups. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
is included in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
group and is distinguished from other New World genera in the key and generic diagnosis that follow (characters being discussed are synapomorphies unless otherwise specified). Other genera in addition to 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
that are included in the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
sublineage are: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
Macquart, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
Mathis &amp; Zatwarnicki, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Galaterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galaterina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galaterina</taxonomicName>
Zatwarnicki &amp; Mathis, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproclasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lamproclasiopa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lamproclasiopa</taxonomicName>
Hendel, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Orasiopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orasiopa" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Orasiopa</taxonomicName>
Zatwarnicki &amp; Mathis, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
Cresson. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
, along with other genera of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
sublineage, form a monophyletic lineage within the 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
that is corroborated by two synapomorphies. The first is the setulose notopleuron. In other genera of the subfamily 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gymnomyzinae">Gymnomyzinae</taxonomicName>
, including other genera in the tribe 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
, the notopleuron is bare except for larger anterior and posterior setae that are inserted near the ventral margin. In taxa of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
group, however, the notopleuron bears a few additional setulae that are usually inserted slightly dorsad and toward the anterior portion of the notopleuron, usually around or just dorsad of the anterior notopleural seta. The second synapomorphy confirming the monophyly of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
group is the shape of the gonite, which is narrowly bar-like, often nearly parallel sided. In other genera of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="tribe" tribe="Discocerinini">Discocerinini</taxonomicName>
outside of the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
group, the gonite is elongate, variously swollen medially, and tapered toward one or both apices. Within the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
group, an elongated male terminalia (hypopygium), at least 2.5 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
longer than wide (the plesiomorphic condition is hypopygium of moderate length), occurs almost exclusively in four genera: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Galaterina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Galaterina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Galaterina</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
. The genera 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
are characterized by a deeply incised posterior margin of hypandrium (the plesiomorphic condition is for the hypandrium to have a slightly to moderately concave posterior margin). Within the 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
group, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Hydrochasma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hydrochasma" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hydrochasma</taxonomicName>
is distinguished by the following synapomorphies: (1) three facial setae (by convergence, some species in related genera also have three setae); (2) parafacial setulose (a species group within 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
also has a setulose parafacial, apparently by convergence); (3) gena high (the buccata species group within 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Discocerina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discocerina" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Discocerina</taxonomicName>
also has a high gena); (4) cerci usually fused ventrally or ventrolaterally with epandrium (the cerci are similarly fused in many species of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Facitrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Facitrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Facitrichophora</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Polytrichophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polytrichophora" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polytrichophora</taxonomicName>
); (5) epandrium with dorsal portion or arch above the cerci weakened, thin, or absent; (6) posterior margin of hypandrium deeply incised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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