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<document id="9848FA0EBC6963A4B81A6E608F96CA02" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239338" ID-ZooBank="515947EC-A9B5-4C44-8925-BBB882944662" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1732799968846" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fadeeva, Natalia P. &amp; Karpova, Alena A." docDate="2024" docId="F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5537.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5537 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gairleanema arenosa Fadeeva &amp; Karpova, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="0A65893FFFBFFFD0FF96FFC78E14FFF3" masterDocTitle="New species of Metadesmolaimus, Rhynchonema and Gairleanema (Nematoda) from the sandy beaches of the Sea of Japan" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1732837926985" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="112576C205C07A0E40787B47102B23C2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="4A43B9F32640928D92B90C7214FD5E5F">
<mods:title id="41526CA441A59B52681FEE3CD802CC7E">New species of Metadesmolaimus, Rhynchonema and Gairleanema (Nematoda) from the sandy beaches of the Sea of Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9537AF65EF87C7F9B32CE80DE5AA2AE4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="734AAECF5D1C15E110F8E65983D6A18F">
<mods:roleTerm id="7DB0A61A5AA358EDE05E2017C316EA64">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7E64C3668250983F57A019ED4211049A">Fadeeva, Natalia P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F683887BDCA11BDCB13FC4650545C96C">Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="B31726AC1365F61C13D12C50915BA9D0">
<mods:roleTerm id="105D0E52ECF2BA650FB3557459BC1CE0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="5627F9B6D5F0E29FF4FB58BCE899A0C9">Karpova, Alena A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2027310462FC2E695B703FBB7B4401C6" type="ORCID">0009-0004-4416-8048</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="261957F42FD26F16C223269430C17CA8">Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5DC3D4E23F199C213B0D90575865E2A3" type="email">lyuney@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AFC7CFA858C0EC4FBD8356BB56D75F22">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4821C4856FBFA9A9E292C1B86EDDE181">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="62A36F154DB6FDD03585C30CA6903552">
<mods:date id="B2F5CBAC11120FF1B150EAD39A86CE0A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AABC8E719A4EFCE7E52698C31E8AE2E2">2024-11-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="57F722757A7B7E517AF36BC38B478E38">5537</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1A45726692A52E4FC07FAA11CB85B26E">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1CF2A0CA96BBB44CBC2F612EBB28D702">115</mods:start>
<mods:end id="18FFD3E72BED8DF3C9A4B680D78455C9">132</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="E60D8DCF7B6D80E22AD31166550BEE5B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E557B1ED308F56B52DB0456C9BFF6DCA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="84E82C88A494E86FEE67644A2402BA66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5537.1.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="571D4BF5ED639E4EFE6DC490171F73D3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB4FFDBFF01FD118C16FD02" box="[151,514,726,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF01FD118C16FD02" blockId="11.[151,514,726,789]" box="[151,514,726,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<heading id="2502F73DFFB4FFDBFF01FD118C16FD02" bold="true" box="[151,514,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF01FD118C16FD02" bold="true" box="[151,514,726,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB4FFDBFF01FD118F89FD02" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,413,726,753]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF01FD118F89FD02" bold="true" box="[151,413,726,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Gairleanema arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB4FFDBFE32FD108C16FD02" box="[420,514,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB4FFDBFF01FD3C8F84FCE6" box="[151,400,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="description">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF01FD3C8F84FCE6" blockId="11.[151,514,726,789]" box="[151,400,763,789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
(
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB4FFDBFF09FD3C8F3CFCE6" box="[159,296,763,789]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="13.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="15.[151,250,846,870]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1433,189,1692]" captionTargetBox-1="[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,822]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1700]" captionTargetId-1="figure-30@14.[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,822]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Male holotype. A: Head region; D; Entire body; E: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype. B: Head region; C: Entire body; F: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: C, D—100 μm, A, B, E, F—20 μm)." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; D: Head region; E: Copulatory apparatus; G: Supplements; H: Lateral view of tail region. Female. B: Entire body; C: Head region; F: Vulva; I: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm)." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. A, B: Laser-scanning microscopy pictures. A: Lateral view of male head; B: detail of female head; (Scale bars: A, B—25 µm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239351" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239355" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14239351/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14239355/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Figures 6–8</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="337775EAFFB4FFDBFEA5FD3C8F93FCE6" box="[307,391,763,789]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1304,1328]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometries (µm) of Gairleanema arenaria sp. nov. (L, total body length; a, body length/maximum body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; V %, V/total body length; max. body diam, maximum body diameter; hbd, head body diameter; cbd, cloacal body diameter for males; abd, anal body diameter for females." pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB4FFDBFF01FC848A4BFB52" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF01FC848C16FC3A" blockId="11.[151,1436,834,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF01FC848F52FCAF" bold="true" box="[151,326,834,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB4FFDBFED8FC848C16FC3A" collectionCode="MN" country="Russia" county="Vladivostok" location="Division of Biological Sciences" municipality="Zoological Museum of Far Eastern Federal University" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" specimenCode="MN 210821-1, MN 210821-5, MN 230883, MN 210821-3" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB4FFDBFED8FC848FA2FCAE" box="[334,438,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
adult male (
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFDD3FC848CFCFCAE" box="[581,744,835,861]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 210821-1</specimenCode>
) and
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB4FFDBFCBFFC848A05FCAE" box="[809,1041,835,861]" count="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">five paratypes males</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFBB7FC848AD2FCAE" box="[1057,1222,834,861]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 210821-5</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFB44FC848B4BFCAE" box="[1234,1375,835,861]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 230883</specimenCode>
), and
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB4FFDBFF01FCA08FB1FC72" box="[151,421,871,897]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes females</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFE20FCA08C48FC72" box="[438,604,871,897]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 210821-3</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFDFCFCA08CEEFC72" box="[618,762,871,897]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 230883</specimenCode>
); formalin-fixed, mounted on slides, in glycerin, deposited in the nematode collections of the
<location id="7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFDBAFC4C8D88FC56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9:7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFDBAFC4C8D88FC56" box="[556,924,907,933]" country="Russia" county="Vladivostok" municipality="Zoological Museum of Far Eastern Federal University" name="Division of Biological Sciences" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Division of Biological Sciences</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9E2EDA2BFFB4FFDBFC3CFC4C8F1AFC3A" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Zoological Museum of Far Eastern Federal University</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="972B38DDFFB4FFDBFE8FFC688FB1FC3A" box="[281,421,943,969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Vladivostok</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB4FFDBFE26FC688FEAFC3A" box="[432,510,943,969]" name="Russia" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF51FC148FFFFBAA" blockId="11.[151,1436,834,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF51FC148F7EFC1F" bold="true" box="[199,362,978,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB4FFDBFEE0FC148FFFFBAA" collectingDate="2021-08-21" collectionCode="MN" country="Japan" county="Sea" elevation="5" location="Vostok Bay" municipality="Vostok Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" specimenCode="MN 210821-1, MN 210821-5, MN 210821-3" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB4FFDBFEE0FC148FCAFC1E" box="[374,478,979,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFE67FC148C8CFC1E" box="[497,664,979,1005]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 210821-1</specimenCode>
) was collected from intertidal fine sandy sediments,
<elevation id="F5D8A762FFB4FFDBFA98FC158B88FC1E" box="[1294,1436,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="0.5">
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB4FFDBFA98FC158B47FC1E" box="[1294,1363,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
in
<location id="7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFF20FC308F2AFBE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9:7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFF20FC308F2AFBE2" box="[182,318,1015,1041]" country="Japan" county="Sea" municipality="Vostok Bay" name="Vostok Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Vostok Bay</location>
;
<location id="7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFEDAFC308C14FBE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9:7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFEDAFC308C14FBE2" box="[332,512,1015,1041]" country="Japan" county="Sea" municipality="Vostok Bay" name="Primorsky Krai" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Primorsky Krai</location>
,
<location id="7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFD98FC308C22FBE2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9:7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFD98FC308C22FBE2" box="[526,566,1015,1041]" country="Japan" county="Sea" municipality="Vostok Bay" name="Sea" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Sea</location>
of
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB4FFDBFDF4FC308CB1FBE2" box="[610,677,1015,1041]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="0A4B6691FFB4FFDBFD24FC308D78FBE2" box="[690,876,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" value="2021-08-21">
<collectingDate id="1A0F9F79FFB4FFDBFD24FC308D78FBE2" box="[690,876,1015,1041]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" value="2021-08-21">21 August 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB4FFDBFCECFC308A64FBE2" box="[890,1136,1015,1041]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">Four paratypes males</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFB17FC308B3EFBE2" box="[1153,1322,1014,1041]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 210821-5</specimenCode>
,) and
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB4FFDBFAE4FC308F75FBC6" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">two paratypes females</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFEF9FBDC8C06FBC6" box="[367,530,1051,1077]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 210821-3</specimenCode>
) were collected from intertidal fine sandy sediments,
<elevation id="F5D8A762FFB4FFDBFBFBFBDD8AE6FBC6" box="[1133,1266,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="0.5">
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB4FFDBFBFBFBDD8AB9FBC6" box="[1133,1197,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
in
<collectingMunicipality id="9E2EDA2BFFB4FFDBFA80FBDC8B8CFBC6" box="[1302,1432,1051,1077]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Vostok Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="972B38DDFFB4FFDBFF01FBF88EABFBAA" box="[151,191,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Sea</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB4FFDBFF73FBF88F3CFBAA" box="[229,296,1087,1113]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="0A4B6691FFB4FFDBFEA5FBF88FF3FBAA" box="[307,487,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" value="2021-08-21">
<collectingDate id="1A0F9F79FFB4FFDBFEA5FBF88FF3FBAA" box="[307,487,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" value="2021-08-21">21 August 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF51FBA58A4BFB52" blockId="11.[151,1436,834,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF51FBA58FBFFB8F" bold="true" box="[199,427,1122,1148]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Additional locality.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB4FFDBFE24FBA48C9CFB8E" box="[434,648,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">One paratype male</specimenCount>
, as well as
<materialsCitation id="CE9D4A0CFFB4FFDBFC9EFBA48A4FFB52" collectingDate="1983-08-23" collectionCode="MN" country="Japan" county="Sea" elevation="2" location="Primorsky Krai" municipality="Kievka Bay" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" specimenCode="MN 230883" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="68F38BD8FFB4FFDBFC9EFBA48DFFFB8E" box="[776,1003,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="2E53E82AFFB4FFDBFC6CFBA48A92FB8E" box="[1018,1158,1123,1149]" collectionCode="MN" country="Brazil" name="Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">MN 230883</specimenCode>
) were collected in sandy sediment from
<elevation id="F5D8A762FFB4FFDBFED7FB408FA0FB52" box="[321,436,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="2.0">
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB4FFDBFED7FB408F78FB52" box="[321,364,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
,
<location id="7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFE29FB408C7BFB52" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F65CF147FFB4FFDFFF01FD118A92F9A9:7B2A168AFFB4FFDBFE29FB408C7BFB52" box="[447,623,1159,1185]" country="Japan" county="Sea" municipality="Kievka Bay" name="Primorsky Krai" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Primorsky Krai</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9E2EDA2BFFB4FFDBFDECFB408D14FB52" box="[634,768,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Kievka Bay</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="972B38DDFFB4FFDBFC9DFB408D27FB52" box="[779,819,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Sea</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB4FFDBFCCFFB408D88FB52" box="[857,924,1159,1185]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="0A4B6691FFB4FFDBFC31FB408A4FFB52" box="[935,1115,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" value="1983-08-23">
<collectingDate id="1A0F9F79FFB4FFDBFC31FB408A4FFB52" box="[935,1115,1159,1185]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" value="1983-08-23">23 August 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB4FFDDFF51FB6C8AA5F822" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF51FB6C8EF1FB1A" blockId="11.[151,1436,834,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF51FB6C8F5AFB36" bold="true" box="[199,334,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet is an adjective derived from the
<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB4FFDBFC32FB6C8DC0FB36" box="[932,980,1195,1221]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">type</typeStatus>
locality, from the Latin word
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB4FFDBFABCFB6C8B84FB37" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[1322,1424,1195,1221]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa">
“
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFAA1FB6C8B84FB37" box="[1335,1424,1195,1220]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” (sand).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB4FFDBFF01FADF8B67FA8B" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" startId="11.[151,239,1304,1328]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF01FADF8B67FA8B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1304,1400]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFF01FADF8F10FAC3" bold="true" box="[151,260,1304,1328]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">TABLE 2</emphasis>
. Morphometries (µm) of
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB4FFDBFD81FADF8D12FAC3" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[535,774,1304,1328]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenaria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFD81FADF8D12FAC3" box="[535,774,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Gairleanema arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFC98FADE8D77FAC2" bold="true" box="[782,867,1305,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB4FFDBFC98FADE8D77FAC2" box="[782,867,1305,1329]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(L, total body length; a, body length/maximum body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; V %, V/total body length; max. body diam, maximum body diameter; hbd, head body diameter; cbd, cloacal body diameter for males; abd, anal body diameter for females.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFF35FA4E8B29F85F" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<table id="0CF5B2F1FFB4002FFF35FA4F8B43F85F" box="[163,1367,1416,1964]" gridcols="4" gridrows="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35FA4F8B43FA52" box="[163,1367,1416,1441]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35FA4F8FEEFA52" box="[163,506,1416,1441]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Species</th>
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07FA4F8B43FA52" box="[913,1367,1416,1441]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFC07FA4F8AC5FA52" bold="true" box="[913,1233,1416,1441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB4FFDBFC07FA4F8A6EFA52" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[913,1146,1416,1441]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenaria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB4FFDBFC07FA4F8A6EFA52" bold="true" box="[913,1146,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Gairleanema arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB4FFDBFB16FA4E8AC5FA52" box="[1152,1233,1417,1441]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35FA768B43FA3A" box="[163,1367,1457,1481]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CFA768D7CFA3A" box="[778,872,1457,1481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Male</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07FA768A4AFA3A" box="[913,1118,1457,1481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Males</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73FA768B43FA3A" box="[1253,1367,1457,1481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Females</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35FA1E8B43FA01" box="[163,1367,1497,1522]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CFA1E8D7CFA01" box="[778,872,1497,1522]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Holotype</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07FA1E8A4AFA01" box="[913,1118,1497,1522]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Paratypes</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73FA1E8B43FA01" box="[1253,1367,1497,1522]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Paratypes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F9C68B43F9E9" box="[163,1367,1537,1562]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F9C68FEEF9E9" box="[163,506,1537,1562]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">n</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F9C68A4AF9E9" box="[913,1118,1537,1562]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">5</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F9C68B43F9E9" box="[1253,1367,1537,1562]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F9EE8B43F9B2" box="[163,1367,1577,1601]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F9EE8FEEF9B2" box="[163,506,1577,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">L</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF9EE8D7CF9B2" box="[778,872,1577,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">1575</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F9EE8A4AF9B2" box="[913,1118,1577,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">1575–1707</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F9EE8B43F9B2" box="[1253,1367,1577,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">1445–1516</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F9958B43F999" box="[163,1367,1618,1642]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F9958FEEF999" box="[163,506,1618,1642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">a</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF9958D7CF999" box="[778,872,1618,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">51</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F9958A4AF999" box="[913,1118,1618,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">45–57</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F9958B43F999" box="[1253,1367,1618,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">40–44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F9BD8B43F961" box="[163,1367,1658,1682]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F9BD8FEEF961" box="[163,506,1658,1682]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">b</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF9BD8D7CF961" box="[778,872,1658,1682]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">7</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F9BD8A4AF961" box="[913,1118,1658,1682]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">6</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F9BD8B43F961" box="[1253,1367,1658,1682]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">6–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F9648B43F948" box="[163,1367,1699,1723]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F9648FEEF948" box="[163,506,1699,1723]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">c</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF9648D7CF948" box="[778,872,1699,1723]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">12</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F9648A4AF948" box="[913,1118,1699,1723]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">11–13</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F9648B43F948" box="[1253,1367,1699,1723]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">10–13</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F90D8B43F910" box="[163,1367,1738,1763]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F90D8FEEF910" box="[163,506,1738,1763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">V, %</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F90D8B43F910" box="[1253,1367,1738,1763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">52–65</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F9348B43F8F8" box="[163,1367,1779,1803]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F9348FEEF8F8" box="[163,506,1779,1803]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Head diam. (cephalic setae)</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF9348D7CF8F8" box="[778,872,1779,1803]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">27</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F9348A4AF8F8" box="[913,1118,1779,1803]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">24–27</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F9348B43F8F8" box="[1253,1367,1779,1803]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F8DC8B43F8C0" box="[163,1367,1819,1843]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F8DC8FEEF8C0" box="[163,506,1819,1843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Head diam. (amphideal fovea)</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF8DC8D7CF8C0" box="[778,872,1819,1843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">30</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F8DC8A4AF8C0" box="[913,1118,1819,1843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">29–30</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F8DC8B43F8C0" box="[1253,1367,1819,1843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F8848B43F8A8" box="[163,1367,1859,1883]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F8848FEEF8A8" box="[163,506,1859,1883]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Buccal cavity maximum diameter</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF8848D7CF8A8" box="[778,872,1859,1883]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">10</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F8848A4AF8A8" box="[913,1118,1859,1883]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">10–13</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F8848B43F8A8" box="[1253,1367,1859,1883]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">13–15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F8AB8B43F877" box="[163,1367,1900,1924]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F8AB8FEEF877" box="[163,506,1900,1924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Lip-lobe height</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF8AB8D7CF877" box="[778,872,1900,1924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">10</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F8AB8A4AF877" box="[913,1118,1900,1924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">10–11</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F8AB8B43F877" box="[1253,1367,1900,1924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB4002FFF35F8538B43F85F" box="[163,1367,1940,1964]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<th id="83142B6FFFB4002FFF35F8538FEEF85F" box="[163,506,1940,1964]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">Buccal cavity length</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC9CF8538D7CF85F" box="[778,872,1940,1964]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">12</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFC07F8538A4AF85F" box="[913,1118,1940,1964]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">13–15</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB4002FFB73F8538B43F85F" box="[1253,1367,1940,1964]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">15–20</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB4FFDBFBCCF87A8B85F826" blockId="11.[1114,1425,1981,2005]" box="[1114,1425,1981,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126">
<tableNote id="831341DFFFB4FFDBFBCCF87A8B85F826" box="[1114,1425,1981,2005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="126" targetBox="[163,1367,1416,1964]" targetPageId="11">......continued on the next page</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB3FFDCFF35FF658F85FF49" box="[163,401,162,186]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" startId="12.[163,247,162,186]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF35FF658F85FF49" blockId="12.[163,401,162,186]" box="[163,401,162,186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB3FFDCFF35FF658F04FF49" bold="true" box="[163,272,162,186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
(Continued)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF35FF0D8B24FBAB" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<table id="0CF5B2F1FFB3002FFF35FF0D8B5AFBAB" box="[163,1358,202,1112]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FF0D8B5AFF11" box="[163,1358,202,226]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FF0D8C69FF11" box="[163,637,202,226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Species</th>
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FF0D8AC5FF11" box="[913,1233,202,226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB3FFDCFC07FF0D8AC5FF11" bold="true" box="[913,1233,202,226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB3FFDCFC07FF0D8A6EFF11" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[913,1146,202,226]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenaria" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB3FFDCFC07FF0D8A6EFF11" bold="true" box="[913,1146,202,226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Gairleanema arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB3FFDCFB16FF0D8AC5FF11" box="[1152,1233,202,226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FF358B5AFEF9" box="[163,1358,242,266]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFF358D7CFEF9" box="[778,872,242,266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Male</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FF358AC5FEF9" box="[913,1233,242,266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Males</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFF358B5AFEF9" box="[1260,1358,242,266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Females</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FEDC8B5AFEC0" box="[163,1358,283,307]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFEDC8D7CFEC0" box="[778,872,283,307]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Holotype</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FEDC8AC5FEC0" box="[913,1233,283,307]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Paratypes</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFEDC8B5AFEC0" box="[1260,1358,283,307]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Paratypes</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FE838B5AFEAF" box="[163,1358,324,348]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FE838C69FEAF" box="[163,637,324,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Length of onchium</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFE838D7CFEAF" box="[778,872,324,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">10</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FE838AC5FEAF" box="[913,1233,324,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">9–10</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFE838B5AFEAF" box="[1260,1358,324,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">10–11</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FEAB8B5AFE77" box="[163,1358,364,388]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FEAB8C69FE77" box="[163,637,364,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Number of subventral teeth</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFEAB8D7CFE77" box="[778,872,364,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">12</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FEAB8AC5FE77" box="[913,1233,364,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">12</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFEAB8B5AFE77" box="[1260,1358,364,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FE538B5AFE5F" box="[163,1358,404,428]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FE538C69FE5F" box="[163,637,404,428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Cephalic capsule height</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFE538D7CFE5F" box="[778,872,404,428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FE538AC5FE5F" box="[913,1233,404,428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">22–23</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFE538B5AFE5F" box="[1260,1358,404,428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FE7B8B5AFE27" box="[163,1358,444,468]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FE7B8C69FE27" box="[163,637,444,468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Length of inner labial setae</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFE7B8D7CFE27" box="[778,872,444,468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FE7B8AC5FE27" box="[913,1233,444,468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">15–20</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFE7B8B5AFE27" box="[1260,1358,444,468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">14–18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FE238B5AFE0F" box="[163,1358,484,508]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FE238C69FE0F" box="[163,637,484,508]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Length of outer labial setae</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFE238D7CFE0F" box="[778,872,484,508]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">45</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FE238AC5FE0F" box="[913,1233,484,508]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">42–45</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFE238B5AFE0F" box="[1260,1358,484,508]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">44–45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FDCA8B5AFDD6" box="[163,1358,525,549]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FDCA8C69FDD6" box="[163,637,525,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Length of cephalic setae</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFDCA8D7CFDD6" box="[778,872,525,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">7</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FDCA8AC5FDD6" box="[913,1233,525,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">6–7</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFDCA8B5AFDD6" box="[1260,1358,525,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FDF28B5AFDBE" box="[163,1358,565,589]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FDF28C69FDBE" box="[163,637,565,589]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Distance of anterior end to setae</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFDF28D7CFDBE" box="[778,872,565,589]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">14</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FDF28AC5FDBE" box="[913,1233,565,589]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">12–14</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFDF28B5AFDBE" box="[1260,1358,565,589]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FD9A8B5AFD86" box="[163,1358,605,629]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FD9A8C69FD86" box="[163,637,605,629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Amphideal fovea diameter</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFD9A8D7CFD86" box="[778,872,605,629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">9</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FD9A8AC5FD86" box="[913,1233,605,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">8–9</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFD9A8B5AFD86" box="[1260,1358,605,629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">6–7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FD428B5AFD6D" box="[163,1358,645,670]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FD428C69FD6D" box="[163,637,645,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Amphideal fovea width/hbd (%)</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFD428D7CFD6D" box="[778,872,645,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">30</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FD428AC5FD6D" box="[913,1233,645,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">30</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFD428B5AFD6D" box="[1260,1358,645,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">29–30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FD698B5AFD35" box="[163,1358,686,710]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FD698C69FD35" box="[163,637,686,710]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Distance of amphideal fovea from anterior end</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFD698D7CFD35" box="[778,872,686,710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">21</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FD698AC5FD35" box="[913,1233,686,710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">21–23</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFD698B5AFD35" box="[1260,1358,686,710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23–24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FD118B5AFD1D" box="[163,1358,726,750]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FD118C69FD1D" box="[163,637,726,750]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Pharynx length</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFD118D7CFD1D" box="[778,872,726,750]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">225</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FD118AC5FD1D" box="[913,1233,726,750]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">245–281</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFD118B5AFD1D" box="[1260,1358,726,750]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">230–266</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FD398B5AFCE5" box="[163,1358,766,790]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FD398C69FCE5" box="[163,637,766,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Distance of nerve ring from anterior end</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFD398D7CFCE5" box="[778,872,766,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">85</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FD398AC5FCE5" box="[913,1233,766,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">90–100</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFD398B5AFCE5" box="[1260,1358,766,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">81</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FCE18B5AFCCC" box="[163,1358,806,831]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FCE18C69FCCC" box="[163,637,806,831]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Max. body diam.</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFCE18D7CFCCC" box="[778,872,806,831]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">31</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FCE18AC5FCCC" box="[913,1233,806,831]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">29–32</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFCE18B5AFCCC" box="[1260,1358,806,831]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">34–36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FC888B5AFC94" box="[163,1358,847,871]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FC888C69FC94" box="[163,637,847,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Anal body diam.</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFC888D7CFC94" box="[778,872,847,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">28</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FC888AC5FC94" box="[913,1233,847,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23–28</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFC888B5AFC94" box="[1260,1358,847,871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">24–33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FCB08B5AFC7C" box="[163,1358,887,911]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FCB08C69FC7C" box="[163,637,887,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Spicule arc length</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFCB08D7CFC7C" box="[778,872,887,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">35</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FCB08AC5FC7C" box="[913,1233,887,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">32–39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FC588B5AFC44" box="[163,1358,927,951]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FC588C69FC44" box="[163,637,927,951]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Gubernaculum length</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFC588D7CFC44" box="[778,872,927,951]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">26</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FC588AC5FC44" box="[913,1233,927,951]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23–27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FC008B5AFC13" box="[163,1358,967,992]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FC008C69FC13" box="[163,637,967,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Cloaca distance to nearest supplement</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFC008D7CFC13" box="[778,872,967,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">9</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FC008AC5FC13" box="[913,1233,967,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FC378B5AFBFB" box="[163,1358,1008,1032]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="127" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FC378C69FBFB" box="[163,637,1008,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Cloaca distance to distant supplement</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFC378D7CFBFB" box="[778,872,1008,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">27</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FC378AC5FBFB" box="[913,1233,1008,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">23–27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FBDF8B5AFBC3" box="[163,1358,1048,1072]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FBDF8C69FBC3" box="[163,637,1048,1072]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Tail length</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFBDF8D7CFBC3" box="[778,872,1048,1072]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">135</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FBDF8AC5FBC3" box="[913,1233,1048,1072]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">137–145</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFBDF8B5AFBC3" box="[1260,1358,1048,1072]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">125–148</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0C54213FFB3002FFF35FB878B5AFBAB" box="[163,1358,1088,1112]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<th id="83142B6FFFB3002FFF35FB878C69FBAB" box="[163,637,1088,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Tail length, cbd/abd</th>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC9CFB878D7CFBAB" box="[778,872,1088,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">5</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFC07FB878AC5FBAB" box="[913,1233,1088,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">5–6</td>
<td id="83142B6FFFB3002FFB7AFB878B5AFBAB" box="[1260,1358,1088,1112]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">4–5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF01FB628F27FB4C" blockId="12.[151,307,1189,1215]" box="[151,307,1189,1215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB3FFDCFF01FB628F27FB4C" bold="true" box="[151,307,1189,1215]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Descriptions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF01FB2E8CC2FA60" blockId="12.[151,1437,1257,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB3FFDCFF01FB2E8EF2FAF0" bold="true" box="[151,230,1257,1283]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Males.</emphasis>
Body cylindrical, weakly tapering toward both ends. Head rounded at the anterior end (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFB21FB2E8B7CFAF0" box="[1207,1384,1257,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,189,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Male holotype. A: Head region; D; Entire body; E: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype. B: Head region; C: Entire body; F: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: C, D—100 μm, A, B, E, F—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239351/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Figures 6A, 6D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFAE5FB2E8EAFFADB" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; D: Head region; E: Copulatory apparatus; G: Supplements; H: Lateral view of tail region. Female. B: Entire body; C: Head region; F: Vulva; I: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">7A, 7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFF51FACA8EF9FAD4" box="[199,237,1293,1319]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,846,870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,822]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,822]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. A, B: Laser-scanning microscopy pictures. A: Lateral view of male head; B: detail of female head; (Scale bars: A, B—25 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239355/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">8A</figureCitation>
). Mouth opening wide, surrounded by three thin deeply incised lips. Cuticle with yellow color, 2 µm thick, fine transverse striations with numerous small dots. The cephalic capsule without distinct anterior lobes, and with weakly expressed posterior lobes ornamented by numerous larger dots than in other parts of the body. Its walls are thinner at the anterior end than at the posterior end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF51FA5A8D78F9D0" blockId="12.[151,1437,1257,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
Six setiform inner labial sensillae with bulbous swellings, acute at distal end, six very long (1.2 hbd long) setiform outer labial sensillae; four small and thin cephalic setae (0.3–0.4 hbd long). Somatic setae absent. Amphideal fovea comprise 30% hbd located at the posterior edge of the capsule, (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFCE7FA228DF1FA0C" box="[881,997,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,846,870]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,822]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1436,181,822]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. A, B: Laser-scanning microscopy pictures. A: Lateral view of male head; B: detail of female head; (Scale bars: A, B—25 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239355/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Figure 8B</figureCitation>
) unispiral with circular aperture, inner margin more distinct than outer; 0.9 hbd from anterior body end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF51F9EA8C0BF924" blockId="12.[151,1437,1257,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Buccal cavity with a pointed, heavily sclerotized dorsal tooth which enters between two triangular subventral onchia. A pair of small denticles situated on both sides of the subventral onchia. Pharynx cylindrical, surrounding buccal cavity and thickened in the dorsal and subventral sectors. Cardia short, surrounded by intestine. Excretory pore not visible. Nerve ring situated at 35–40% of pharynx length from anterior. The tail consists of conical and cylindrical parts, pore subterminal.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB3FFDCFF51F9268D9BF804" blockId="12.[151,1437,1257,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">
Reproductive system monorchic with anterior outstretched very long testis (800 µm). Spicules slender with large capitulum (2 x 3). Spicules curved are almost at right angles, 1.3–1.4 abd long, gubernaculum paired with hooked dorsal apophyses (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFE5CF8EE8C57F8B0" box="[458,579,1833,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,189,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Male holotype. A: Head region; D; Entire body; E: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype. B: Head region; C: Entire body; F: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: C, D—100 μm, A, B, E, F—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239351/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Figure 6E</figureCitation>
). Developed paraterminal, caudal and precloacal setae. Four–five pairs of mamilliform supplementary organs inserted in the precloacal cuticle (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFC3FF88A8A3CF894" box="[937,1064,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,189,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Male holotype. A: Head region; D; Entire body; E: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype. B: Head region; C: Entire body; F: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: C, D—100 μm, A, B, E, F—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239351/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Figures 6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFBA3F88A8A98F894" box="[1077,1164,1869,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; D: Head region; E: Copulatory apparatus; G: Supplements; H: Lateral view of tail region. Female. B: Entire body; C: Head region; F: Vulva; I: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">7G, 7H</figureCitation>
). Supplementary organs present an intracuticular canal on the surface of the cuticle (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB3FFDCFCDBF8B68A10F878" box="[845,1028,1905,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; D: Head region; E: Copulatory apparatus; G: Supplements; H: Lateral view of tail region. Female. B: Entire body; C: Head region; F: Vulva; I: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Figures 7G, 7H</figureCitation>
). Presence of a 14 µm long ventral precloacal setae. The distances from the cloaca to the anterior pair of supplements are 65–80 µm, to the posterior are 23–27 µm. Postcloacal subventral setae 5–6 µm long; two terminal setae 12–14 µm long. Tail elongated, 5–6 cbd long, relatively slender, with terminal spinnerete tube (
<tableCitation id="337775EAFFB3FFDCFCBDF81A8D96F804" box="[811,898,2013,2039]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,1304,1328]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometries (µm) of Gairleanema arenaria sp. nov. (L, total body length; a, body length/maximum body diameter; b, body length/pharynx length; c, body length/tail length; V %, V/total body length; max. body diam, maximum body diameter; hbd, head body diameter; cbd, cloacal body diameter for males; abd, anal body diameter for females." pageId="12" pageNumber="127">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB2FFDDFF01F97B8B7EF90A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239351" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239351/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="128" startId="13.[151,250,1724,1748]" targetBox="[159,1433,189,1692]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB2FFDDFF01F97B8B7EF90A" blockId="13.[151,1437,1724,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFF01F97B8C40F926" bold="true" box="[151,596,1724,1749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">
FIGURE 6.
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB2FFDDFE8CF97B8FE8F927" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,508,1724,1748]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="13" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFE8CF97B8FE8F927" bold="true" box="[282,508,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">Gairleanema arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB2FFDDFD95F97A8C40F926" box="[515,596,1725,1749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Male holotype.
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFC97F97B8D07F927" bold="true" box="[769,787,1724,1748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">A</emphasis>
: Head region;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFC3BF97A8DABF926" bold="true" box="[941,959,1725,1749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">D</emphasis>
; Entire body;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFBC4F97A8A77F926" bold="true" box="[1106,1123,1725,1749]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">E</emphasis>
: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype.
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFF6DF9268F18F90A" bold="true" box="[251,268,1761,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">B</emphasis>
: Head region;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFE35F9278FA1F90B" bold="true" box="[419,437,1760,1784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">C</emphasis>
: Entire body;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFDD1F9268C42F90A" bold="true" box="[583,598,1761,1785]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">F</emphasis>
: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: C, D—100 μm, A, B, E, F—20 μm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB2FFDDFF51F88C8AA5F822" blockId="13.[151,1436,1866,2001]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB2FFDDFF51F88C8F24F896" bold="true" box="[199,304,1867,1893]" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">Females.</emphasis>
Similar to male in general characteristics (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB2FFDDFC86F88C8DAAF897" box="[784,958,1866,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1724,1748]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,189,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[151,1436,181,1700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Male holotype. A: Head region; D; Entire body; E: copulatory apparatus. Female paratype. B: Head region; C: Entire body; F: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: C, D—100 μm, A, B, E, F—20 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239351/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">Figures 6B, 6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB2FFDDFC5DF88C8A57F896" box="[971,1091,1867,1893]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; D: Head region; E: Copulatory apparatus; G: Supplements; H: Lateral view of tail region. Female. B: Entire body; C: Head region; F: Vulva; I: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">7B, 7C, 7I</figureCitation>
). Reproductive system (
<figureCitation id="E6CE5CD4FFB2FFDDFAC7F88C8EA2F87A" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-30@14.[182,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 7. Gairleanema arenosa sp. nov.. Micrographs of paratypes. Male. A: Entire body; D: Head region; E: Copulatory apparatus; G: Supplements; H: Lateral view of tail region. Female. B: Entire body; C: Head region; F: Vulva; I: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="128">Figure 7F</figureCitation>
) didelphic, with opposed, reflexed ovaries on right side of intestine. Vulva slit-like, located at 52–65% of body length. Vagina weakly sclerotized. Females have setae at the level of the end of the esophagus and in the vulva area, but paraterminal and caudal setae are absent. Presence of paravulvar setae with 14 µm length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB1FFDEFF01F8508DBCF80B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239353" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239353/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="129" startId="14.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[182,1406,181,1919]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB1FFDEFF01F8508DBCF80B" blockId="14.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFF01F8508C42F843" bold="true" box="[151,598,1943,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">
FIGURE 7.
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB1FFDEFE8DF8508FEAF85C" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[283,510,1943,1967]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="14" pageNumber="129" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFE8DF8508FEAF85C" bold="true" box="[283,510,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">Gairleanema arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB1FFDEFD93F85F8C42F843" box="[517,598,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. Micrographs of paratypes. Male.
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFC2FF8508DDFF85C" bold="true" box="[953,971,1943,1967]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">A</emphasis>
: Entire body;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFBC9F85F8A65F843" bold="true" box="[1119,1137,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">D</emphasis>
: Head region;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFA9DF85F8B08F843" bold="true" box="[1291,1308,1944,1968]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">E</emphasis>
: Copulatory apparatus;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFE93F87C8F0DF820" bold="true" box="[261,281,1979,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">G</emphasis>
: Supplements;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFE23F87B8FDDF827" bold="true" box="[437,457,1980,2004]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">H</emphasis>
: Lateral view of tail region. Female.
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFCA9F87B8D44F827" bold="true" box="[831,848,1980,2004]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">B</emphasis>
: Entire body;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFC49F87C8DE5F820" bold="true" box="[991,1009,1979,2003]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">C</emphasis>
: Head region;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFB11F87B8A82F827" bold="true" box="[1159,1174,1980,2004]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">F</emphasis>
: Vulva;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB1FFDEFB7AF87B8AE2F827" bold="true" box="[1260,1270,1980,2004]" pageId="14" pageNumber="129">I</emphasis>
: Lateral view of tail region; (Scale bars: A, B—100 μm; C, D, E, G, H—20 μm, F, I—50 μm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2A8A10D9FFB0FFDFFF01FC898C45FC79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239355" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239355/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" startId="15.[151,250,846,870]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,822]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB0FFDFFF01FC898C45FC79" blockId="15.[151,1436,846,907]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFF01FC898C44FC95" bold="true" box="[151,592,846,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
FIGURE 8.
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFE8FFC898FEEFC95" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,506,846,870]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFE8FFC898FEEFC95" bold="true" box="[281,506,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Gairleanema arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB0FFDFFD96FC898C44FC95" box="[512,592,846,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFDCBFC898C7BFC95" bold="true" box="[605,623,846,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFDEAFC898C99FC95" bold="true" box="[636,653,846,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
: Laser-scanning microscopy pictures.
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFB85FC898A31FC95" bold="true" box="[1043,1061,846,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">A</emphasis>
: Lateral view of male head;
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFAD0FC898B43FC95" bold="true" box="[1350,1367,846,870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">B</emphasis>
: detail of female head; (Scale bars: A, B—25 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="36EF13DAFFB0FFDFFF51FC1B8A92F9A9" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB0FFDFFF51FC1B8AAEFB90" blockId="15.[151,1437,988,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFF51FC1B8F56FC05" bold="true" box="[199,322,988,1014]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFED9FC1B8C5EFC05" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[335,586,988,1014]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFED9FC1B8C5EFC05" box="[335,586,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Gairleanema arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFDCEFC1A8CACFC04" bold="true" box="[600,696,989,1015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB0FFDFFDCEFC1A8CACFC04" box="[600,696,989,1015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized the combination of the following characters: moderately long body (1445–1707µm), long setiform labial sensilla with presence of bulbous swellings and thin cephalic setae; unispiral small amphideal fovea located at the posterior edge of the cephalic capsule, dorsal tooth, two subventral onchia and small denticles; four–five pairs mamilliform supplementary organs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB0FFDFFF51FBAB8A0CFB59" blockId="15.[151,1437,988,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFF51FBAB8FDAFB75" bold="true" box="[199,462,1132,1158]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species differs from the other known
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFC48FBAB8ADDFB75" box="[990,1225,1132,1158]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFC48FBAB8A66FB75" box="[990,1138,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Gairleanema</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of 4–5 pairs of precloacal mamilliform supplements on the caudal region of males.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB0FFDFFF51FB738DF7FAE4" blockId="15.[151,1437,988,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
The new species
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFE17FB738C67FB3D" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[385,627,1204,1230]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFE17FB738C67FB3D" box="[385,627,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Gairleanema arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFDEEFB728CC4FB3C" bold="true" box="[632,720,1205,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB0FFDFFDEEFB728CC4FB3C" box="[632,720,1205,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs significantly from
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFC79FB728B88FB3C" authority="Warwick &amp; Platt, 1973" authorityName="Warwick &amp; Platt" authorityYear="1973" box="[1007,1436,1204,1231]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="anagremilae">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFC79FB728A89FB3D" box="[1007,1181,1204,1231]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">G. anagremilae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB0FFDFFB37FB738B88FB3C" author="Warwick, R. M. &amp; Platt, H. M." box="[1185,1436,1204,1231]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" pagination="135 - 158" refId="ref9454" refString="Warwick, R. M. &amp; Platt, H. M. (1973) New and known marine nematodes from a Scottish sandy beach. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 14, 135 - 158." type="journal article" year="1973">
Warwick &amp; Platt,
<quantity id="B90DEDB4FFB0FFDFFAF2FB728B88FB3C" box="[1380,1436,1205,1231]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.011419999999999" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" unit="in" value="1973.0">1973</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in having one dorsal tooth and two subventral onchia with small denticles vs one dorsal tooth and two subventral onchia (without denticles); the length of spicules (32–39 μm
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFCD4FB3A8D4DFAE5" box="[834,857,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">vs</emphasis>
52–53 μm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB0FFDFFF51FAE78EF6FA38" blockId="15.[151,1437,988,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
The new species also differs from
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFDDEFAE68DE6FAC8" authority="Liang, Guo &amp; Wang, 2024" authorityName="Liang, Guo &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2024" box="[584,1010,1312,1339]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFDDEFAE68CD6FAC9" box="[584,706,1312,1339]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">G. pulchra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB0FFDFFD5FFAE78DE6FAC8" author="Liang, H. &amp; Guo, W. &amp; Wang, C." box="[713,1010,1312,1339]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" pagination="547 - 561" refId="ref8229" refString="Liang, H., Guo, W. &amp; Wang, C. (2024) Two new species of Nematoda: Gairleanema pulchra sp. nov. (Tripyloididae) and Axonolaimus dimorphous sp. nov. (Axonolaimidae) from the Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa, 5447 (4), 547 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5447.4.6" type="journal article" year="2024">Liang, Guo &amp; Wang, 2024</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with the combination of characters of buccal cavity (dorsal tooth, two subventral onchia and small denticles); the length of the outer labial setae (42–45 μm in
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFF72FAAE8F76FA71" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[228,354,1385,1411]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="arenosa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFF72FAAE8F76FA71" box="[228,354,1385,1411]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">G. arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFEFDFAAE8FD3FA70" bold="true" box="[363,455,1385,1411]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="57B22138FFB0FFDFFEFDFAAE8FD3FA70" box="[363,455,1385,1411]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFE46FAAE8FF3FA71" box="[464,487,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">vs</emphasis>
46–59 μm in
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFD1BFAAE8D1DFA71" authorityName="Liang, Guo &amp; Wang" authorityYear="2024" box="[653,777,1384,1411]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFD1BFAAE8D1DFA71" box="[653,777,1384,1411]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">G. pulchra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), unispiral small amphideal fovea and the position of the amphidial fovea from the anterior end (21–23 μm
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFD52FA4A8CCFFA55" box="[708,731,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">vs</emphasis>
27–29 μm); shorter tail (135–145 μm
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFB12FA4A8A8FFA55" box="[1156,1179,1421,1446]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">vs</emphasis>
149 μm and “c” 11–13
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFF01FA768EBAFA39" box="[151,174,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">vs</emphasis>
10).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E4A4051FFB0FFDFFF51FA138A92F9A9" blockId="15.[151,1437,988,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFF51FA138FD4FA1C" bold="true" box="[199,448,1492,1519]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Additional Remarks.</emphasis>
Nematodes of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B9F53BD2FFB0FFDFFD40FA138D7EFA1D" authorityName="Warwick &amp; Platt" authorityYear="1973" box="[726,874,1492,1518]" class="Enoplea" family="Tripyloididae" genus="Gairleanema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enoplida" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFD40FA138D7EFA1D" box="[726,874,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Gairleanema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rarely occur in samples of marine sediments. Until recently the species composition of the genus remained unchanged. Nematodes of the genus were registered in different regions: Kawi,
<collectingRegion id="BC318EB3FFB0FFDFFE31F9DB8FFAF9C5" box="[423,494,1564,1590]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Sabah</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB0FFDFFE6FF9DB8C74F9C5" box="[505,608,1564,1590]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(Indian Ocean) (
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB0FFDFFC8DF9DA8DE5F9C4" author="Long, S. M. &amp; Ross, O. B. H." box="[795,1009,1565,1591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" pagination="349 - 363" refId="ref8301" refString="Long, S. M. &amp; Ross, O. B. H. (1999). Vertical distribution of nematodes (Nematoda) and harpacticoid copepods (Copepoda: Harpacticoidea) in muddy and sandy bottom of intertidal zone at Lok Sawi, Sabah, Malaysia. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 47 (2), 349 - 363." type="journal article" year="1999">Long &amp; Ross 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1A643DA0FFB0FFDFFC6AF9DB8AA8F9C4" author="Liang, H. &amp; Guo, W. &amp; Wang, C." box="[1020,1212,1564,1591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130" pagination="547 - 561" refId="ref8229" refString="Liang, H., Guo, W. &amp; Wang, C. (2024) Two new species of Nematoda: Gairleanema pulchra sp. nov. (Tripyloididae) and Axonolaimus dimorphous sp. nov. (Axonolaimidae) from the Yellow Sea, China. Zootaxa, 5447 (4), 547 - 561. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5447.4.6" type="journal article" year="2024">
Liang
<emphasis id="4C819C43FFB0FFDFFBD5F9DA8A6EF9C5" box="[1091,1146,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
), and Russian coast, the Sea of
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB0FFDFFE98F9868F45F9A8" box="[270,337,1601,1627]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Japan</collectingCountry>
, rather far from their respective
<typeStatus id="A14EFEF3FFB0FFDFFD2DF9868CFFF9A8" box="[699,747,1601,1627]" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">type</typeStatus>
locality (Firemore beach,
<collectingCountry id="06E200C1FFB0FFDFFB85F9878A6EF9A9" box="[1043,1146,1600,1626]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="130">Scotland</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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