549 lines
76 KiB
XML
549 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="9A7CFAAB284257608648197EAB44306A" ID-DOI="10.35463/j.apr.2022.01.04" ID-ISSN="1842-371x" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520851" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1705451523398" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Iamandei, Stanila, Iamandei, Eugenia & Grădinaru, Eugen" docDate="2022" docId="341887851D40FFA99071E582FBF55AB9" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolRom.18.1.25-48.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 18 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2022.01.04" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1.1:ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="CA474AAD92E97C533D63E0C5C0F159F1" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolRom.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Bucklandia undefined-A" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="C821FFFD1D4CFFB99479E069FFD45A6E" masterDocTitle="Contributions To The Study Of The Early Jurassic Petrified Forest Of Holbav And Cristian Areas (Brașov Region, South Carpathians, Romania), 2 Part." masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1713182580132" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="46245781DD3FF6AC94445AA04F714C7E">Contributions To The Study Of The Early Jurassic Petrified Forest Of Holbav And Cristian Areas (Brașov Region, South Carpathians, Romania), 2 Part.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A0D3672CA195D5B87DD98DD0901E1C8D">Iamandei, Stanila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FB36B8724DEE92398FE9409B07AB7D6">Geological Institute of Romania, 1 st, Caransebeş Street, 012271 – Bucharest, Romania.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="91724AF081BECD46C3FCB4397E24D190">Iamandei, Eugenia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="094C632EB3E07BB48E6CE5EACF604B02">Geological Institute of Romania, 1 st, Caransebeş Street, 012271 - Bucharest, Romania. iamandei @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DAE6C2EDB31B9E83E8ACF19B92E94022" type="email">iamandei@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FBCE9C15A590FAA06148EFD576EB4A2B">Grădinaru, Eugen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9FF935307E2E71E4422162FB36AD571E">University of Bucharest, Department of Geology, 1, Bălcescu Nicolae Blvd., 010041, Bucharest, Romania. egradinaru @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A85DD212D04292F3C5B030E780599E2C" type="email">egradinaru@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="D718985E86D43F2559EBEBC2AF500344">Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A213CFC5A44B51C88302F51D66ECC3EE">
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<mods:date id="D17E7972291AFF1989ED10C3F7EDA74F">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="44EE0E9803B5B7CF1D5E5E02570A8BDA">2021-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="595F891F7095FCF61EA97C110287A2C6">18</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A6F5FC6F6F9BAC38DB2D6331E5AAD13E">http://dx.doi.org/10.35463/j.apr.2022.01.04</mods:url>
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<treatment id="341887851D40FFA99071E582FBF55AB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:341887851D40FFA99071E582FBF55AB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/341887851D40FFA99071E582FBF55AB9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="F4AB65181D40FFB59071E582FB115C6D" box="[1032,1221,1515,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D40FFB59071E582FB115C6D" blockId="12.[831,1422,1349,1572]" box="[1032,1221,1515,1539]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D40FFB59071E582FB115C6D" box="[1032,1221,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D40FFB59071E582FB155C6D" box="[1032,1217,1515,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-A">Bucklandia sp. A</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F4AB65181D40FFB5978DE665FB0D5C4A" box="[1012,1241,1548,1572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D40FFB5978DE665FB0D5C4A" blockId="12.[831,1422,1349,1572]" box="[1012,1241,1548,1572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<figureCitation id="248A2A161D40FFB5978DE665FBE05C4A" box="[1012,1076,1548,1572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[166,201,1948,1969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6 Buckladia sp. A. - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-f: Cross section - gymnosperm structure with tracheids rectangular with rounded corners, thin curled walls in the early-wood, thick walled in the late-wood; idioblasts between tracheids; d-e: Numerous secondary rays; g-i: Tangential section - unpitted tracheids; uniseriate rays." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520863/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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, a-i;
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<figureCitation id="248A2A161D40FFB59013E665FB7E5C4A" box="[1130,1194,1548,1572]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,202,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-38@14.[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7 Buckladia sp. A - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-i: Radial section - d-g: - scalariform thickenings of Zamia type on tracheids, with reticular aspect; g-i: - araucarioid cross-fields with alternate in 2-3 superposed rows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520865/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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, a-i.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F4AB65181D40FFB59749E626FCAF5D43" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D40FFB59749E626FC475C09" blockId="12.[816,1436,1615,1837]" box="[816,915,1615,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D40FFB59749E626FC475C09" bold="true" box="[816,915,1615,1639]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Material</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D40FFB59749E606FCAF5D43" blockId="12.[816,1436,1615,1837]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<materialsCitation id="0CD93CCE1D40FFB59749E606FCA25D43" location="National Museum of Geology" municipality="Holbav area" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bucuresti">
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The studied material is represented by a piece of silicified wood collected from
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<collectingMunicipality id="5C6AACE91D40FFB5906CE6F9FB4D5CC6" box="[1045,1177,1680,1704]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Holbav area</collectingMunicipality>
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, on Maiului brook. This specimen has the field-number 1107, in "Grădinaru Collection", and is stored now at the
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<location id="B96E60481D40FFB590CFE6BBFC585D62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:341887851D40FFA99071E582FBF55AB9:B96E60481D40FFB590CFE6BBFC585D62" municipality="Holbav area" name="National Museum of Geology" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" stateProvince="Bucuresti">National Museum of Geology</location>
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in
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<collectingRegion id="7E75F8711D40FFB597B1E69DFBE15D62" box="[968,1077,1780,1804]" country="Romania" name="Bucuresti" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Bucharest</collectingRegion>
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, under the inventory number 27719
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F4AB65181D40FFB69749E73EFF2B5CC6" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D40FFB59749E73EFB955D01" blockId="12.[816,1437,1879,2068]" box="[816,1089,1879,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D40FFB59749E73EFB955D01" bold="true" box="[816,1089,1879,1903]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">Microscopic description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D40FFB69749E710FDFE5B12" blockId="12.[816,1437,1879,2068]" lastBlockId="15.[151,771,158,1208]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">
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In cross-section, the structure of the wood is of gymnospermous
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<typeStatus id="630A88311D40FFB597E6E7F3FC045DDC" box="[927,976,1946,1970]" pageId="12" pageNumber="37">type</typeStatus>
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, and some details (such as the presence of the typical idioblasts and axial mucilaginous canals) suggest a cycadeoid polyxylic stem structure, which is also supported by the presence of scalariform thickenings of
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<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB694EEE0F6FF0F5AD8" authorityName="Kutorga" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,219,159,182]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB694EEE0F6FF0F5AD8" box="[151,219,159,182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Zamia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus id="630A88311D43FFB6949EE0F7FEC15AD8" box="[231,277,158,182]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
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on the tracheids in vertical view (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB696DAE0F7FF045AB9" author="Greguss" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref14798" refString="Greguss, 1968. Xylotomy of the living Cycads, with a description of their leaves and epidermis. 1 - 260 pages, Akademiai Kiado." type="book chapter" year="1968">Greguss, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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), so, the xylotomic description will be adequate:
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB694EEE089FF175A96" box="[151,195,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Pith</emphasis>
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– unfortunately, is absent in our fragmentary samples which does not retain the axial part of the stem, so we did not have the possibility to describe its component elements (as parenchyma cells, idioblasts, medullary vascular bundles and mucilaginous canals).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="E8CE661B1D41FFB494DFE7F5FEB45264" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520863" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520863/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" startId="13.[166,201,1948,1969]" targetBox="[166,1443,149,1939]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
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||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D41FFB494DFE7F5FD2F5DDF" blockId="13.[166,1444,1947,2058]" box="[166,763,1947,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
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||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D41FFB494DFE7F5FF0B5DDF" bold="true" box="[166,223,1948,1969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Fig. 6</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D41FFB4949FE7F2FE505DDF" box="[230,388,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">Buckladia sp. A.</emphasis>
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- inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D41FFB494DFE7D0FEB45264" blockId="13.[166,1444,1947,2058]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
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||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D41FFB494DFE7D0FF1D5DA0" bold="true" box="[166,201,1977,1998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">a-f:</emphasis>
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Cross section - gymnosperm structure with tracheids rectangular with rounded corners, thin curled walls in the early-wood, thick walled in the late-wood; idioblasts between tracheids;
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D41FFB49690E7BEFCDD5D82" bold="true" box="[745,777,2007,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">d-e</emphasis>
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: Numerous secondary rays;
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D41FFB49067E7BEFB945D82" bold="true" box="[1054,1088,2007,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">g-i:</emphasis>
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Tangential section - unpitted tracheids; uniseriate rays.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<caption id="E8CE661B1D42FFB794DEE716FDC15DBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10520865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520865/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" startId="14.[167,202,1919,1940]" targetBox="[167,1421,179,1910]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="BC0E36931D42FFB794DEE716FD225DFB" blockId="14.[167,1421,1919,2001]" box="[167,758,1919,1941]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
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||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D42FFB794DEE716FF345DFA" bold="true" box="[167,224,1919,1940]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Fig. 7</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D42FFB7949FE716FEAA5DFB" box="[230,382,1919,1941]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Buckladia sp. A</emphasis>
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- inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D42FFB794DEE7F4FDC15DBE" blockId="14.[167,1421,1919,2001]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">
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||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D42FFB794DEE7F4FF1E5DDC" bold="true" box="[167,202,1949,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">a-i:</emphasis>
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Radial section -
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||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D42FFB79517E7F4FE4C5DDC" bold="true" box="[366,408,1949,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">d-g:</emphasis>
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||
- scalariform thickenings of
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||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D42FFB796D6E7F4FD385DDC" authorityName="Kutorga" authorityYear="1842" box="[687,748,1949,1970]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="14" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D42FFB796D6E7F4FD385DDC" box="[687,748,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">Zamia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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type on tracheids, with reticular aspect;
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<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D42FFB7900CE7F4FB4C5DDC" bold="true" box="[1141,1176,1949,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="39">g-i:</emphasis>
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- araucarioid cross-fields with alternate in 2-3 superposed rows.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB694EEE1ECFE9C5ED6" blockId="15.[151,771,158,1208]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
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||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB694EEE1ECFE1C5BF3" box="[151,456,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Cylindrical vascular system</emphasis>
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||
– in cross section, is represented by some alternative growth rings of secondary xylem and phloem (not as annual rings) and numerous thin secondary rays, so giving a polyxylic structure (
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<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB696AEE180FF66584C" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[166,201,1948,1969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6 Buckladia sp. A. - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-f: Cross section - gymnosperm structure with tracheids rectangular with rounded corners, thin curled walls in the early-wood, thick walled in the late-wood; idioblasts between tracheids; d-e: Numerous secondary rays; g-i: Tangential section - unpitted tracheids; uniseriate rays." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520863/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6a</figureCitation>
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), crossed by wide multiseriate primary medullary rays which connect the axial pith with the cortex (but this aspect does not appear in our sections). The cambial cells are recognized with difficulty, since they are very similar to the neighboring cells. The xylem has rectangular or square tracheids, in gradual transition from early- to the late-wood, with r/tg diameter of 25-65 / 10-15-30 μm, with relatively thick walls, of 4-8 μm the double wall, (
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<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB694E6E37AFF0B5945" box="[159,223,787,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[166,201,1948,1969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6 Buckladia sp. A. - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-f: Cross section - gymnosperm structure with tracheids rectangular with rounded corners, thin curled walls in the early-wood, thick walled in the late-wood; idioblasts between tracheids; d-e: Numerous secondary rays; g-i: Tangential section - unpitted tracheids; uniseriate rays." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520863/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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a-f). Their walls are often corrugated, by compression. On the radial walls, the tracheids show uni- to biseriate bordered pits, rounded to hexagonal, contiguous and flattened, sometimes alternate, when biseriate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB696D3E31FFD2A59E1" box="[682,766,886,911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,202,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-38@14.[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7 Buckladia sp. A - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-i: Radial section - d-g: - scalariform thickenings of Zamia type on tracheids, with reticular aspect; g-i: - araucarioid cross-fields with alternate in 2-3 superposed rows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520865/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="7B499B761D43FFB6969BE31EFD2A59E1" box="[738,766,887,911]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). The pits have diameters of 9-12 /8-15 μm, with round to elliptical apertures. Very obvious are the scalariform thickenings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6950BE3B3FE62599F" authorityName="Kutorga" authorityYear="1842" box="[370,438,986,1009]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB6950BE3B3FE62599F" box="[370,438,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="630A88311D43FFB695C4E3B3FE39599C" box="[445,493,986,1010]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, which are often connected by inclined bars, giving a reticular appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB696AEE393FF705E5D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,202,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-38@14.[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7 Buckladia sp. A - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-i: Radial section - d-g: - scalariform thickenings of Zamia type on tracheids, with reticular aspect; g-i: - araucarioid cross-fields with alternate in 2-3 superposed rows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520865/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
a-e). No perforations were observed. The tangential walls are not pitted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB695FAE455FE1C5E3A" box="[387,456,1084,1108]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[166,201,1948,1969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6 Buckladia sp. A. - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-f: Cross section - gymnosperm structure with tracheids rectangular with rounded corners, thin curled walls in the early-wood, thick walled in the late-wood; idioblasts between tracheids; d-e: Numerous secondary rays; g-i: Tangential section - unpitted tracheids; uniseriate rays." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520863/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
g-i). The phloem has parenchymal cells, (unclear if they are sieve cells), thick-walled fibres, secretory idioblasts, and sclerenchymal cells (
|
||
<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB694AFE4C9FEC25ED6" box="[214,278,1184,1208]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[166,201,1948,1969]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[166,1443,149,1939]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 6 Buckladia sp. A. - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-f: Cross section - gymnosperm structure with tracheids rectangular with rounded corners, thin curled walls in the early-wood, thick walled in the late-wood; idioblasts between tracheids; d-e: Numerous secondary rays; g-i: Tangential section - unpitted tracheids; uniseriate rays." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520863/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
d-e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB694EEE48AFE7F5C2B" blockId="15.[151,771,1250,1704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB694EEE48AFF1F5E94" box="[151,203,1251,1274]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Rays</emphasis>
|
||
– in transversal and tangential sections, the primary rays were not observed in our fragmentary material, but numerous secondary rays appear, giving a manoxylic aspect to the structure. They are uniseriate, sometimes 2(- 3)-seriate, of low to mid tall, and are composed of parenchyma cells and few secretory idioblasts, so they are heterogeneous. The ray cells are rounded to rectangular in outline, the idioblasts are similar or are slightly elongate and, in radial view, appear all procumbent. In cross-fields they have 2-6(9) oculipores usually in two superposed rows arranged (
|
||
<figureCitation id="248A2A161D43FFB69547E644FEA95C2B" box="[318,381,1581,1605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[167,202,1919,1940]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-38@14.[167,1421,179,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 7 Buckladia sp. A - inventory no. 27719 (field no. 1107). a-i: Radial section - d-g: - scalariform thickenings of Zamia type on tracheids, with reticular aspect; g-i: - araucarioid cross-fields with alternate in 2-3 superposed rows." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10520865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10520865/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
d-i).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB694EEE626FF2B5CC6" blockId="15.[151,771,1250,1704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB694EEE626FF0B5C08" box="[151,223,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Cortex</emphasis>
|
||
– is not present in our sample, so parenchymal cells, idioblasts, mucilage canals and leaf traces, were not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F4AB65181D43FFA994EEE6BAFBF55AB9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB694EEE6BAFE775C85" blockId="15.[151,771,1747,2069]" box="[151,419,1747,1771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB694EEE6BAFE775C85" bold="true" box="[151,419,1747,1771]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Afinities and discussion</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB694EEE69DFE6D5DDF" blockId="15.[151,771,1747,2069]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
Evaluating the general image of the wood structure in cross section, we noticed some details that indicated a possible cycadeoid stem-structure of polyxylic
|
||
<typeStatus id="630A88311D43FFB696D1E75EFD0D5D21" box="[680,729,1847,1871]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, by the presence of idioblasts and mucilaginous canals. Thus, we searched for more xylotomical details in order to identify the unknown structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB694EEE7D3FB475F33" blockId="15.[151,771,1747,2069]" lastBlockId="15.[816,1437,158,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
As is known, the Cycadeoidophyta is a Mesozoic extinct taxon, which include two families: Cycadeoidaceae Buck. (or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB694C6E795FE74527A" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." box="[191,416,2044,2068]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Bennettitaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bennettitaceae Engl.</taxonomicName>
|
||
) – with the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69601E795FCA45AD8" authority="Buck." authorityName="Buckland" authorityYear="1828" box="[632,880,158,2068]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadeoideaceae" genus="Cycadeoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69601E795FCD7527A" box="[632,771,2044,2068]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Cycadeoidea</emphasis>
|
||
Buck.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697DDE0F6FB5A5AD8" authority="Caruthers" authorityName="Caruthers" box="[932,1166,158,182]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadeoideaceae" genus="Bennettites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB697DDE0F6FBCE5AD8" box="[932,1050,159,182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Bennettites</emphasis>
|
||
Caruthers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690ABE0F7FCB55AB9" authority="Wieland" authorityName="Wieland" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadeoideaceae" genus="Monanthesia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB690ABE0F7FA895AD8" box="[1234,1373,158,182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Monanthesia</emphasis>
|
||
Wieland
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; they have a barrel-shaped trunk, like a large pineapple, with a crown of leaves; the second family,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69145E089FB485B77" authority="(Carruthers) Nathorst" authorityName="Nathorst" authorityYear="1913" baseAuthorityName="Carruthers" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Williamsoniaceae (Carruthers) Nathorst</taxonomicName>
|
||
- with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69176E168FC4C5B54" authority="Caruthers" authorityName="Caruthers" class="Insecta" family="Corduliidae" genus="Williamsonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69176E168FA495B77" box="[1295,1437,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Williamsonia</emphasis>
|
||
Caruthers
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<typeStatus id="630A88311D43FFB697BDE14AFC265B55" box="[964,1010,291,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus, a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6901DE14BFB065B54" box="[1124,1234,290,314]" form="with" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" rank="form">form with</taxonomicName>
|
||
a columnar trunk with frond like leaves at branch tips (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB6916AE12AFC085B12" author="Stockey, R. & Rothwell, G. W." pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="251 - 262" refId="ref17276" refString="Stockey, R. and Rothwell, G. W., 2003. Anatomically Preserved Williamsonia (Williamsoniaceae): Evidence for Bennettitalean Reproduction in the Late Cretaceous of Western North America. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164 (2): 251 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 346166" type="journal article" year="2003">Stockey and Rothwell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This family includes a lot of described genera of plant-parts, variably named, which send sometimes to a current Cycadalean genus, as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69116E1CEFB3F58EB" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69116E1CEFC625B8E" authorityName="H.H.Thomas" authorityYear="1915" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniellaceae" genus="Williamsoniella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Williamsoniella</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697ADE1A1FBAC5B8E" authorityName="A.G.Nathorst" authorityYear="1909" box="[980,1144,456,480]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Nilssoniopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nilssoniopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690EFE1A1FA945B8E" authorityName="A.I.Turutanova-Ketova" authorityYear="1930" box="[1174,1344,456,480]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Bennettitanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bennettitanthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69124E1A1FC78586F" authorityName="Nathorst" authorityYear="1902" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Cycadocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cycadocephalus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697A8E180FB91586F" authorityName="J.M.Anderson & H.M.Anderson" authorityYear="2003" box="[977,1093,489,513]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Fredlindia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Fredlindia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69010E180FB2F586F" authorityName="T.Delevoryas & R.C.Hope" authorityYear="1976" box="[1129,1275,489,513]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Ischnophyton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ischnophyton</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69166E180FA4C586F" authorityName="Daugherty" authorityYear="1941" box="[1311,1432,489,513]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Lyssoxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lyssoxylon</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69749E263FC72584C" authorityName="Hollick" authorityYear="1893" box="[816,934,522,546]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Serenopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Serenopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697C1E263FBFF584C" authorityName="C.F.W.Braun" authorityYear="1847" box="[952,1067,522,546]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Weltrichia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Weltrichia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69045E262FB47584C" authorityName="A.T.Brongniart" authorityYear="1828" box="[1084,1171,523,546]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Zamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Zamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690DDE263FA97584C" authorityName="W.P.Schimper" authorityYear="1870" box="[1188,1347,522,546]" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Anomozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anomozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6912DE263FCBF582D" authorityName="C.F.W.Braun" authorityYear="1843" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Otozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Otozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69701E242FB78582C" authority=", Ceratozamites" authorityName="Ceratozamites" box="[888,1196,555,579]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podozamites, Ceratozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690C0E245FA8D582D" authorityName="Z.Czier" authorityYear="1996" box="[1209,1369,556,579]" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Banatozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Banatozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6911CE245FB3F58EB" authority=", Wielandella, Crossozamia, Dioonites, Eostangeria, Palaeocycas, Pseudoctenis, Ticoa" authorityName="Wielandella, Crossozamia, Dioonites, Eostangeria, Palaeocycas, Pseudoctenis, Ticoa" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pterophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pterophyllum, Wielandella, Crossozamia, Dioonites, Eostangeria, Palaeocycas, Pseudoctenis, Ticoa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and many others (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB697F5E2E7FB8D58C8" author="Taylor, T. N. & Taylor, E. & Krings, M." box="[908,1113,654,678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" refId="ref17564" refString="Taylor, T. N., Taylor, E. and Krings, M., 2009. Paleobotany. The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. Edition: 2 nd, 1252 p. Publisher: Academic Press / Elsevier. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1223352" type="book" year="2009">Taylor et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB6901CE2E7FA9E58C8" author="Martinez, L. & Artabe, A. & Bodnar, J." box="[1125,1354,654,678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="436 - 458" refId="ref15741" refString="Martinez, L., Artabe, A. and Bodnar, J. 2012. A new Cycad stem from the Cretaceous in Argentina and its phylogenetic relationships with other Cycadales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 170: 436 - 458." type="journal article" year="2012">Martínez et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB6912EE2E7FA4458C8" author="Martinez, L. C. A. & Iglesias, A. & Artabe A. E. & Varela A. N. & Apesteguia, S." box="[1367,1424,654,678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="81 - 94" refId="ref15787" refString="Martinez, L. C. A., Iglesias, A., Artabe A. E., Varela A. N. and Apesteguia, S., 2017. A new Encephalarteae trunk (Cycadales) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Mata Amarilla Formation, Austral Basin), Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 72: 81 - 94 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Numerous fossil remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6901EE2C6FB2658A9" box="[1127,1266,687,711]" order="Bennettitales" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" rank="order">Bennettitales</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C4A676031D43FFB6970CE2B8FC015887" box="[885,981,721,745]" name="Romania" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Thus, in the Holbav-Cristian-Vulcan-Codlea area
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB697C1E29BFBA75964" author="Givulescu, R." box="[952,1139,754,778]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="17 - 21" refId="ref14639" refString="Givulescu, R., 1991 a. Zamites vachrameevii Doludenko 1969 in dem Unteren Lias, Rumanien. Acta Palaeobotanica, 31 (1 - 2): 17 - 21." type="journal article" year="1991">Givulescu (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited an Early Jurassic flora (or “Liasic flora”) with the presence of
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB6917DE37AFC725922" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6917DE37AFA8F5944" authorityName="A.T.Brongniart" authorityYear="1828" box="[1284,1371,787,810]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Zamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Zamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69110E37AFC725922" authorityName="A.G.Nathorst" authorityYear="1909" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Nilssoniopteris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nilssoniopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69793E35DFBAF5922" box="[1002,1147,820,844]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pterophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69793E35DFBAF5922" box="[1002,1147,820,844]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Pterophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690ADE35DFAB55922" box="[1236,1377,820,844]" order="Bennettitales" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" rank="order">Bennettitales</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69749E33CFC6A5903" authorityName="O.Heer" authorityYear="1876" box="[816,958,853,877]" class="Pinopsida" family="Czekanowskiaceae" genus="Phoenicopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69749E33CFC6A5903" box="[816,958,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Phoenicopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697AEE33CFBBD5903" box="[983,1129,853,877]" class="Ginkgoopsida" family="Ginkgoaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ginkgoales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ginkgoaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In recent decades,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69112E33FFBEB59E0" author="Dragastan, O. N. & Popa, M. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref14175" refString="Dragastan, O. N. and Popa, M. E., 1997. Early Jurassic Phytostratigraphy of the Holbav Formation, Getic Nappe, Brasov County. Revue Roumaine de Geologie, 41: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1997">Dragastan and Popa (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69029E31EFB0559E0" author="Popa, M. E." box="[1104,1233,886,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref16468" refString="Popa, M. E., 1997. Corystospermal pteridosperms in the Liassic continental deposits of Romania. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 1: 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">Popa (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69096E31FFAF359E0" author="Popa, M. E." box="[1263,1319,886,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="177 - 184" refId="ref16497" refString="Popa, M. E., 1998. The Liassic continental flora of Romania: Systematics, Stratigraphy and Paleoecology. Acta Botanica Horti Bucurestensis: 177 - 184." type="book chapter" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69141E31FFAAA59E0" author="Popa, M. E." box="[1336,1406,886,910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="377 - 386" refId="ref16528" refString="Popa, M. E., 2000 a. Aspects of Romanian Early Jurassic palaeobotany and palynology. Part III. Phytostratigraphy of the Getic Nappe. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 2: 377 - 386." type="journal article" year="2000">2000a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,b), and Popa and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (1999, 2006) contributed more to the Early Jurassic flora in the Holbav area, describing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69038E3B0FAE1599F" box="[1089,1333,985,1009]" class="Testudines" family="Trionychidae" genus="Nilssonia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cryptodira" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69038E3B0FB72599F" box="[1089,1190,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Nilssonia</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB690AEE3B0FAE1599F" box="[1239,1333,985,1009]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">undulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6913EE3B3FCAA5E7C" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Paracycas" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB6913EE3B3FC805E7C" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Paracycas</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697F5E392FB855E7C" authorityName="Fontaine" authorityYear="1896" box="[908,1105,1018,1042]" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Ctenis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB697F5E392FB855E7C" box="[908,1105,1018,1042]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Ctenis grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6901BE393FB075E7C" box="[1122,1235,1018,1042]" class="Cycadopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Cycadales</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB6916AE393FADE5E5D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6916AE393FC535E5D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Hymenophyllaceae" genus="Ptilophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hymenophyllales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigidum">Ptilophyllum rigidum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697E2E472FB535E5D" box="[923,1159,1051,1075]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pterophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magoti">Pterophyllum magoti</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690E2E475FADE5E5D" box="[1179,1290,1052,1075]" family="Cichlidae" genus="Pterophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neagui">P. neagui</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69131E475FCA55E3A" order="Bennettitales" pageId="15" pageNumber="43" rank="order">Bennettitales</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and beside them -
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6902BE454FAD55E3A" box="[1106,1281,1085,1108]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" genus="Taeniopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB6902BE454FB0D5E3A" box="[1106,1241,1085,1108]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Taeniopteris</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB6916BE455FA455E3A" authorityName="Gorozhankin" authorityYear="1904" box="[1298,1425,1084,1108]" class="Ginkgoopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ginkgoales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Ginkgoales</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69749E434FB215E1B" authority="(Czekanowkiales)" baseAuthorityName="Czekanowkiales" box="[816,1269,1117,1141]" class="Pinopsida" family="Czekanowskiaceae" genus="Phoenicopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="potoniei">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69749E434FBF25E1B" box="[816,1062,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Phoenicopsis potoniei</emphasis>
|
||
(Czekanowkiales)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69142E437FC9B5EF8" class="Insecta" family="Geinitziidae" genus="Geinitzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Grylloblattodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69142E437FA485E1B" box="[1339,1436,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Geinitzia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Conifers). Also, from the Cristian area were described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB697FEE4C9FB575ED6" box="[903,1155,1184,1208]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Pachypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gradinarui">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB697FEE4C9FB575ED6" box="[903,1155,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Pachypteris grădinarui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690EAE4C9FA415ED6" box="[1171,1429,1184,1208]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Otozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mandelslohi">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB690EAE4C9FA415ED6" box="[1171,1429,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Otozamites mandelslohi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69749E4ABFC1F5EB7" box="[816,971,1217,1241]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Otozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molinianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69749E4ABFC1F5EB7" box="[816,971,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">O. molinianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69064E4A8FB395EB7" box="[1053,1261,1217,1241]" class="Pinopsida" family="Czekanowskiaceae" genus="Desmiophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69064E4A8FB105EB7" box="[1053,1220,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Desmiophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which belongs, probably, to Czekanowskiales. Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB690BDE48AFCAC5F75" author="Dragastan, O. N. & Popa, M. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref14175" refString="Dragastan, O. N. and Popa, M. E., 1997. Early Jurassic Phytostratigraphy of the Holbav Formation, Getic Nappe, Brasov County. Revue Roumaine de Geologie, 41: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1997">Dragastan and Popa (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB697C2E56AFB8C5F75" author="Czier, Z." box="[955,1112,1283,1307]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="538 - 573" refId="ref14045" refString="Czier, Z., 2016 b. Probleme de stratigrafie cu privire la depozitele continentale ale Jurasicului inferior din Romania. In: Moisa, G., Goman, I., Sipos, S. (coord.), Omagiu Chiriac Aurel. Fragmentarium, studii interdisciplinare: 538 - 573, Oradea (Editura Muzeului Țarii Crisurilor)." type="book chapter" year="2016">Czier (2016b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
advanced some phytostratigraphic schemes based on the Early Jurassic foliar material identified in the Holbav area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB69749E50EFC005CA4" blockId="15.[816,1437,158,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
However, there are few genera described in the world from the study of fossil stem remains, often with local importance and with names related to the original fossiliferous site or people (see list in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB690D2E5A3FA4C5F8C" author="Martinez, L. & Artabe, A. & Bodnar, J." box="[1195,1432,1482,1506]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="436 - 458" refId="ref15741" refString="Martinez, L., Artabe, A. and Bodnar, J. 2012. A new Cycad stem from the Cretaceous in Argentina and its phylogenetic relationships with other Cycadales. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 170: 436 - 458." type="journal article" year="2012">Martínez et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69749E582FCBD5C6D" author="Martinez, L. C. A. & Iglesias, A. & Artabe A. E. & Varela A. N. & Apesteguia, S." box="[816,873,1515,1539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="81 - 94" refId="ref15787" refString="Martinez, L. C. A., Iglesias, A., Artabe A. E., Varela A. N. and Apesteguia, S., 2017. A new Encephalarteae trunk (Cycadales) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Mata Amarilla Formation, Austral Basin), Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 72: 81 - 94 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69701E582FB9D5C6D" author="Zhang W. & Yang X. - J. & Fu X. - P. & Zheng S. - L. & Wang Y. - D." box="[888,1097,1515,1539]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="50 - 60" refId="ref17946" refString="Zhang W., Yang X. - J., Fu X. - P., Zheng S. - L. and Wang Y. - D., 2012. A polyxylic cycad trunk from the Middle Jurassic of western Liaoning, China, and its evolutionary implications. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 183: 50 - 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Zhang et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). For example,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69080E582FCAE5C4A" author="Martinez, L. C. A. & Iglesias, A. & Artabe A. E. & Varela A. N. & Apesteguia, S." pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="81 - 94" refId="ref15787" refString="Martinez, L. C. A., Iglesias, A., Artabe A. E., Varela A. N. and Apesteguia, S., 2017. A new Encephalarteae trunk (Cycadales) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Mata Amarilla Formation, Austral Basin), Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 72: 81 - 94 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j." type="journal article" year="2017">Martinez et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, have described a well-preserved Jurassic bennettitalean specimen from Patagonia, as
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB690A2E647FA495C2B" box="[1243,1437,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Zamuneria amyla</emphasis>
|
||
Martínez, Iglesias and Artabe, and made a carefully documented comparison with the xylotomy of the extant cycadalean genera and also, with all Mesozoic Bennettitalean genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D43FFB69749E6BBFBA65D9D" blockId="15.[816,1437,158,2035]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">
|
||
The studied specimens show a cycadeoid polyxylic structure with scalariform thickenings on tracheids which indicate similarities with stem of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB690F9E77CFB2D5D43" authorityName="Brongniart, Zamuneria Martinez, Iglesias and Artabe" authorityYear="1828" box="[1152,1273,1813,1837]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB690F9E77CFB2D5D43" box="[1152,1273,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Bucklandia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="630A88311D43FFB69178E77CFAFB5D43" box="[1281,1327,1813,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69749E75EFC625D20" author="Bosse, M. N." box="[816,950,1846,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="41 - 50" refId="ref13235" refString="Bosse, M. N. 1953. Bucklandia sahnii sp. nov. from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar. Palaeobotanist, 2: 41 - 50." type="journal article" year="1953">Bosse, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB697B8E75FFB8C5D20" author="Sharma, B. D." box="[961,1112,1846,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="35 - 46" refId="ref17086" refString="Sharma, B. D. 1967. Investigations on the Jurassic flora of Rajmahal Hills, India. 4. On a new species of Indi- an Bucklandia, B. guptai, with remarks on B. sahnii of Bose. Ameghiniana, 4: 35 - 46." type="journal article" year="1967">Sharma, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB6901BE75FFB4E5D20" author="Sharma, B. D." box="[1122,1178,1846,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="303 - 308" refId="ref17137" refString="Sharma, B. D. 1969. Bucklandia dichotoma sp. nov. from the Middle Jurassic of Rajmahal Hills, India. Ameghiniana, 6: 303 - 308." type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB690DCE75FFB095D20" author="Sharma, B. D." box="[1189,1245,1846,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="43 - 49" refId="ref17169" refString="Sharma, B. D., 1973. Anatomy of petrified rachises collected from the Jurassic of Amarjola in the Rajmahal Hills, India. The Proceedings of the Linnean Society of NSW, 98: 43 - 49." type="journal article" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB6909EE75FFACB5D20" author="Sharma, B. D." box="[1255,1311,1846,1870]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="260 - 265" refId="ref17210" refString="Sharma, B. D. 1991. Indian Williamsoniaceae - an overview. Paleobotanist, 4: 260 - 265" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D43FFB69152E75FFC1A5D01" author="Saiki, K. & Yoshida, Y." pageId="15" pageNumber="40" pagination="326 - 332" refId="ref16888" refString="Saiki, K. and Yoshida, Y., 1999. A New Bennettitalean Trunk with Unilacunar Five-Trace Nodal Structure from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan. American Journal of Botany, 86 (3): 326 - 332. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2656754; https: // www. jstor. org / stable / 2656754" type="journal article" year="1999">Saiki and Yoshida, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) or even with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D43FFB69017E73EFB265D01" authorityName="M.N.Bose & S.C.D.Sah" authorityYear="1955" box="[1134,1266,1879,1903]" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Sahnioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="15" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D43FFB69017E73EFB265D01" box="[1134,1266,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">Sahnioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see in Philippe et al. 1999) - the latter being considered “nomen ilegitimum” (see
|
||
<collectionCode id="DAA0AE561D43FFB69793E7F3FBF85DDF" box="[1002,1068,1946,1969]" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">IFPNI</collectionCode>
|
||
- www.fossilplants.info/genus.htm?id=
|
||
<uuid id="C8170C461D43FFB690B8E7D3FBB65D9D" pageId="15" pageNumber="40">D46FC51A-7AEB-421E-AF52-1A3F90515E43</uuid>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D5CFFA994EEE0F7FDF55BF3" blockId="16.[151,772,158,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Because the structure of our specimen indicates a columnar polyxylic stem, the sample does not preserve the pith from the central part of the stem and also the cortical zone, both of parenchymal tissue, which were likely easily destroyed during the early stages of fossilization. We cannot see typical parenchymal cells, idioblasts, medullary vascular bundles, mucilaginous canals, and transfusion cells or leaf bases, in the cortex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D5CFFA994EEE1CEFF285886" blockId="16.[151,772,158,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
|
||
However, the polyxylic cycadeoid structure with idioblasts and scalariform thickenings on tracheids, that resemble those in the current
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9959FE183FDFE586F" authorityName="Kutorga" authorityYear="1842" box="[486,554,490,513]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA9959FE183FDFE586F" box="[486,554,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99639E183FD1D586F" box="[576,713,490,513]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA99639E183FD1D586F" box="[576,713,490,513]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Ceratozamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA994EEE263FEE7584C" author="Greguss" box="[151,307,522,546]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref14798" refString="Greguss, 1968. Xylotomy of the living Cycads, with a description of their leaves and epidermis. 1 - 260 pages, Akademiai Kiado." type="book chapter" year="1968">Greguss, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are partially similar to the structure of the Jurassic genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99507E242FE0F580A" authority="Brongniart, Zamuneria Martinez, Iglesias and Artabe" authorityName="Brongniart, Zamuneria Martinez, Iglesias and Artabe" authorityYear="1828" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA99507E242FE23582D" box="[382,503,555,579]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Bucklandia</emphasis>
|
||
Brongniart,
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA996F7E245FCD7582D" box="[654,771,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Zamuneria</emphasis>
|
||
Martínez, Iglesias and Artabe
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9966FE225FD1A580A" authority="Sharma" authorityName="Sharma" box="[534,718,588,612]" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Lioxylon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA9966FE225FDA7580A" box="[534,627,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Lioxylon</emphasis>
|
||
Sharma
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA994EEE204FE5358EB" author="Martinez, L. C. A. & Iglesias, A. & Artabe A. E. & Varela A. N. & Apesteguia, S." box="[151,391,621,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="81 - 94" refId="ref15787" refString="Martinez, L. C. A., Iglesias, A., Artabe A. E., Varela A. N. and Apesteguia, S., 2017. A new Encephalarteae trunk (Cycadales) from the Cretaceous of Patagonia (Mata Amarilla Formation, Austral Basin), Argentina. Cretaceous Research, 72: 81 - 94 http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j." type="journal article" year="2017">Martínez et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which are also characterized by polyxylic stem with centripetal and centrifugal vascular systems and by the presence of numerous idioblasts in the structure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D5CFFA994EEE29BFD5B5E94" blockId="16.[151,772,158,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
|
||
In the studied Mesozoic areas of Romanian Carpathians, many fossil macro-remains have been described and attributed especially to taxa from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99586E35CFD875922" authorityName="A.T.Brongniart" authorityYear="1828" box="[511,595,821,844]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Zamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA99586E35CFD875922" box="[511,595,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Zamites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group:
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA996D6E35DFF2859E0" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA996D6E35DFF3D5903" authorityName="W.P.Schimper" authorityYear="1870" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Anomozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Anomozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9948EE33CFEA55902" authorityName="C.F.W.Braun" authorityYear="1843" box="[247,369,853,876]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Otozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Otozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99506E33CFD675902" authority=", Ceratozamites" authorityName="Ceratozamites" box="[383,691,853,877]" class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podozamites, Ceratozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA996BBE33FFF2859E0" authorityName="Z.Czier" authorityYear="1996" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Banatozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Banatozamites</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA9953FE31FFDD559E0" author="Givulescu, R." box="[326,513,886,910]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="17 - 21" refId="ref14639" refString="Givulescu, R., 1991 a. Zamites vachrameevii Doludenko 1969 in dem Unteren Lias, Rumanien. Acta Palaeobotanica, 31 (1 - 2): 17 - 21." type="journal article" year="1991">Givulescu, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA9966CE31EFF0459C1" author="Dragastan, O. N. & Popa, M. E." pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="51 - 60" refId="ref14175" refString="Dragastan, O. N. and Popa, M. E., 1997. Early Jurassic Phytostratigraphy of the Holbav Formation, Getic Nappe, Brasov County. Revue Roumaine de Geologie, 41: 51 - 60." type="journal article" year="1997">Dragastan and Popa, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA994A5E3F1FE8C59C1" author="Popa, M. E." box="[220,344,919,943]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="81 - 87" refId="ref16468" refString="Popa, M. E., 1997. Corystospermal pteridosperms in the Liassic continental deposits of Romania. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae, 1: 81 - 87." type="journal article" year="1997">Popa, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA9951CE3FEFE4959C1" author="Popa, M. E." box="[357,413,919,943]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="177 - 184" refId="ref16497" refString="Popa, M. E., 1998. The Liassic continental flora of Romania: Systematics, Stratigraphy and Paleoecology. Acta Botanica Horti Bucurestensis: 177 - 184." type="book chapter" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA995D0E3FEFE3A59C1" author="Popa, M. E." box="[425,494,919,943]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refId="ref16566" refString="Popa, M. E., 2000 b. Early Jurassic land flora of the Getic Nappe. PhD thesis, University of Bucharest, 258 pp, Bucharest." type="book" year="2000">2000b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Popa and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1999, 2006;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA99592E3D1FDBB59BE" author="Czier, Z." box="[491,623,952,976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="43 - 58" refId="ref13784" refString="Czier, Z., 1999. Biostratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic from Romania, based on the macroflora fossil record. Nymphaea, Folia naturae Bihariae, 27: 43 - 58." type="journal article" year="1999">Czier, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA99606E3D1FD6359BE" author="Czier, Z." box="[639,695,952,976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref13849" refString="Czier, Z., 2001. Rezumatul tezei de doctorat " Flora liasica din Crisana si Banat ". (Universitatea Eotvos Lorand - Budapesta, 1994). Nymphaea, Folia naturae Bihariae, 28: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA996BEE3D1FD2A59BE" author="Czier, Z." box="[711,766,952,976]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="5 - 26" refId="ref13923" refString="Czier, Z., 2008. Banatozamites remotus Czier sp. nov. (Cycadeoidales) from the Lower Jurassic of Anina, Romania. Nymphaea, Folia naturae Bihariae, 35: 5 - 26." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA994EEE3B0FF1B599F" author="Czier, Z." box="[151,207,985,1009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="5 - 26" refId="ref13961" refString="Czier, Z., 2009. Banatozamites calvus Czier sp. nov. and Bucklandia aninaensis Czier sp. nov. from the Lower Jurassic of Anina, Romania. Nymphaea, Folia naturae Bihariae, 36: 5 - 26." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA9949AE3B0FEFD599F" author="Czier, Z." box="[227,297,985,1009]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="133 - 184" refId="ref14004" refString="Czier, Z., 2016 a. The Bennettitalen genus Pterophyllum in the fossil flora of Romania, and the global phytostratigraphic - paleophytogeographic context. Vestnik TvGU, Seriya Biologiya i Ekologiya, 3: 133 - 184." type="journal article" year="2016">2016a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,c, 2018), and such taxa have also been commonly described in Europe (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA99637E393FF055E5D" author="Barbacka, M. & Bodor, E. & Jarzynka, A. & Kustatscher, E. & Pacyna, G. & Popa, M. & Scanu, G. G. & Thevenard, F. & Ziaja, J." pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="173 - 195" refId="ref12863" refString="Barbacka, M., Bodor, E., Jarzynka, A., Kustatscher, E., Pacyna, G., Popa, M. E, Scanu, G. G., Thevenard, F. and Ziaja, J., 2014. European Jurassic floras: statistics and palaeoenvironmental proxies. Acta Palaeobotanica, 54: 173 - 195." type="journal article" year="2014">Barbacka et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, from the Lower Jurassic of Anina, Banat region,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C4A676031D5CFFA99492E455FE9A5E3A" box="[235,334,1084,1108]" name="Romania" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA99523E455FE375E3A" author="Czier, Z." box="[346,483,1084,1108]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="5 - 26" refId="ref13961" refString="Czier, Z., 2009. Banatozamites calvus Czier sp. nov. and Bucklandia aninaensis Czier sp. nov. from the Lower Jurassic of Anina, Romania. Nymphaea, Folia naturae Bihariae, 36: 5 - 26." type="journal article" year="2009">Czier (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described two Bennettitalean species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9955EE437FD805E1B" authority="Czier" authorityName="Czier" box="[295,596,1117,1141]" class="Cycadopsida" genus="Banatozamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA9955EE437FDC45E1B" box="[295,528,1117,1141]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Banatozamites calvus</emphasis>
|
||
Czier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the study of leaf impresions and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9950EE416FD655EF9" authority="Czier" authorityName="Czier" box="[375,689,1151,1175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aninaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA9950EE416FDBF5EF9" box="[375,619,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Bucklandia aninaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Czier
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the study of a small stem with petioles, interpreted to belong to the same plant; they have fine longitudinal ridges, and rows of rectangular to rounded-elongated cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D5CFFA994EEE56AFD7D5C6D" blockId="16.[151,772,158,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
|
||
The specimen studied here has details that resemble a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA994EEE54CFF0F5F52" authorityName="Kutorga" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,219,1317,1340]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA994EEE54CFF0F5F52" box="[151,219,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Zamia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="630A88311D5CFFA9949DE54CFEC65F53" box="[228,274,1317,1341]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
|
||
structure (see above), especially due to presence of scalariform thickenings on tracheids, even with reticular appearance (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA995D3E50FFD9D5F10" author="Greguss" box="[426,585,1382,1406]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 260" refId="ref14798" refString="Greguss, 1968. Xylotomy of the living Cycads, with a description of their leaves and epidermis. 1 - 260 pages, Akademiai Kiado." type="book chapter" year="1968">Greguss, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also due to the presence of idioblasts and mucillaginous canals, we assign it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9957CE5C0FE145FAF" box="[261,448,1449,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA9957CE5C0FE145FAF" box="[261,448,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Bucklandia sp. A</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probably representing wood of an extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9954AE5A3FE735F8C" box="[307,423,1482,1506]" form="from" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" rank="form">form from</taxonomicName>
|
||
the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99599E5A2FDE05F8C" authorityName="A.T.Brongniart" authorityYear="1828" box="[480,564,1483,1506]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Williamsoniaceae" genus="Zamites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA99599E5A2FDE05F8C" box="[480,564,1483,1506]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Zamites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, commonly present in the Romanian Carpathians (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D5CFFA994EEE665FE615D43" blockId="16.[151,772,158,2035]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Regarding the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA995FFE665FE2B5C4A" authorityName="Brongniart, Zamuneria Martinez, Iglesias and Artabe" authorityYear="1828" box="[390,511,1548,1572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA995FFE665FE2B5C4A" box="[390,511,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Bucklandia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, erected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA996E9E665FF355C2B" author="Brongniart, A." pageId="16" pageNumber="41" refId="ref13310" refString="Brongniart, A., 1828. Prodrome d'une histoire des vegetaux fossils, pp. 1 - 223; Paris." type="book" year="1828">Brongniart (1828)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we consider it as a still valid genus, because it was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA99523E627FE2A5C08" author="Doweld, A. B." box="[346,510,1614,1638]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="1131 - 1132" refId="ref14216" refString="Doweld, A. B., 2012. (2099) Proposal to conserve the name Bucklandia Brongn. against Bucklandia Sternb. and Conites (fossil Gymnospermae, Cycadeoideopsida). Taxon, 61 (5): 1131 - 1132" type="journal article" year="2012">Doweld (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to be conserved. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA994ADE606FDD25CE9" author="Herbst, R. & Crisafulli, A." box="[212,518,1647,1671]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="78 - 102" refId="ref14905" refString="Herbst, R. and Crisafulli, A., 2016. La flora triasica del grupo El Tranquilo, provincia de Santa Cruz (Patagonia): lenos fosiles. Ameghiniana, 48 (3): 78 - 102." type="journal article" year="2016">Herbst and Crisafulli (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
ignoring this proposal, described a new genus,
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA995D8E6F9FE3B5CC6" box="[417,495,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Buckya</emphasis>
|
||
Herbst and Crisafulli, to replace the old genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA995DCE6D8FD705CA7" authority="Brongniart" authorityName="Brongniart, Zamuneria Martinez, Iglesias and Artabe" authorityYear="1828" box="[421,676,1713,1737]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Bucklandia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA995DCE6D8FDCA5CA7" box="[421,542,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Bucklandia</emphasis>
|
||
Brongniart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recommending transfer of all the species previously described to the new proposed genus, as nov. comb. (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA996F7E69DFE955D43" author="Herbst, R. & Crisafulli, A." pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="78 - 102" refId="ref14905" refString="Herbst, R. and Crisafulli, A., 2016. La flora triasica del grupo El Tranquilo, provincia de Santa Cruz (Patagonia): lenos fosiles. Ameghiniana, 48 (3): 78 - 102." type="journal article" year="2016">Herbst and Crisafulli, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 97-98).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC0E36931D5CFFA994EEE75EFBF55AB9" blockId="16.[151,772,158,2035]" lastBlockId="16.[816,1437,158,215]" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">
|
||
But, we observed that there is another possible problem of this name,
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA9954DE73EFE565D01" box="[308,386,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Buckya</emphasis>
|
||
, which could become illegitimate, since there are two quasi-homonyms:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99627E711FF1B5DDF" authority="Cobos, 1956" authorityName="Cobos" authorityYear="1956" class="Bryopsida" family="Pylaisiaceae" genus="Buckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA99627E711FD7C5DFE" box="[606,680,1912,1936]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Buckia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D8204B621D5CFFA996C0E711FF1B5DDF" author="Cobos, A. S." pageId="16" pageNumber="41" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref13508" refString="Cobos, A. S., 1956. Nuevos generos y especies de Eucnemidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) de la fauna neotropical. Bulletin del'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 32 (no. 41): 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1956">Cobos, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is the name of a current insect from the Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA994BBE7D3FEE35DBC" box="[194,311,1978,2002]" class="Bryopsida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="DAA0AE561D5CFFA99546E7D2FE805DBC" box="[319,340,1979,2002]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA995EDE7D3FD2A5DBC" authority="Rios, Gallego and Guerra" authorityName="Rios, Gallego and Guerra" box="[404,766,1978,2002]" class="Bryopsida" family="Pylaisiaceae" genus="Buckia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA995EDE7D3FE0A5DBC" box="[404,478,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Buckia</emphasis>
|
||
Rios, Gallego and Guerra
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (see in GBIF-online), but is also used to describe a moss, a homotypic synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA99025E0F6FADD5AD8" authority="Hedw." authorityName="Hedw." box="[1116,1289,158,182]" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8EC5EA811D5CFFA99025E0F6FB625AD8" box="[1116,1206,159,182]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="41">Hypnum</emphasis>
|
||
Hedw.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB14D101D5CFFA9911FE0F7FBC15AB9" authority="Buck. and Vitt." authorityName="Buck. and Vitt." class="Bryopsida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Hypnales" pageId="16" pageNumber="41" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="order">Hypnales Buck. and Vitt.</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |