248 lines
32 KiB
XML
248 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="2779B4EABD5C44B9390269FBD6EA28E5" ID-CLB-Dataset="46709" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.277803" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c7a7345c-c0ba-4a28-bf43-2f2f58cbc35e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="277803" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460366400850" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moradmand, Majid & Jäger, Peter" docDate="2011" docId="03C787F54E37F037EFA0FBBA2E17FCB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02910p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2910" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Spariolenus aratta Moradmand & Jäger, 2011, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFFEFF8D4E35F033EF37FF8F2F35FFED" masterDocTitle="A review on the huntsman spider genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) in Iran with description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="46" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1698295240505" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="363D059E3E766C01A79D2C586BE06659" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7322E588CADA129E74BB9C80373F65BE">
|
||
<mods:title id="D2840BE559E049311A8BA93DF0CAF281">A review on the huntsman spider genus Spariolenus Simon, 1880 (Araneae: Sparassidae: Heteropodinae) in Iran with description of four new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="510B8700F64AA2CFFA2DD7E4FB25E13B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="327AC759FE031D1EC2B07CD022B5CFC4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="07B322652BD7D2539B4E3794B68DB2BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="0F4A662E5F158BD43FE04F5403EECF48">Moradmand, Majid</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D5402F6DE841BE4763B9E7F204271624" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2FC493EB1D43F2353C6BAD0A7BDEB319">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D80C5B401ABA1EB20B357BE4E20B0A8D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="E7AF703EE3650594D905C9DD24304CCC">Jäger, Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="74056D9781BD33335E5700E5C4963D19">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5A7A289B6B37DDBE3D5BD018DE9FC8C9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="11E3E51327D7829B4A317A98547190E9">
|
||
<mods:title id="FE346D962BF4CA639A22831BC884972F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="552FA3E2E564EE677818AEE60CDDD53B">
|
||
<mods:date id="1BE43D0B387194E029D13F1A610CA367">2011</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="262345A00C42DB1FA6806B992F207AAA" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="4A2EB9FE11A90F74FCDF9EDAF730CB53">2910</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="2C56F782A2756E9A2BE5AE7DC0365892" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="1F4C0B4C72BB12D49E9C5075B451C726">46</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="9746EBC2D0BE252350D3590985ABD397">62</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="975F7A135B5C4B22DFA0E221D898F2DD">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="51AEC14F6A2D3E866DF8588236B1F653" type="CLB-Dataset">46709</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EC1348ECDDC1754C52C58FFDFDFCAA5D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.277803</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FCB378C3B1A0C400FB4C6BB056634D23" type="GBIF-Dataset">c7a7345c-c0ba-4a28-bf43-2f2f58cbc35e</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DA93FCDB74FAEDCB49C05BE177082936" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="4FE3CF98C237280EFD56EF0C6C41961E" type="Zenodo-Dep">277803</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03C787F54E37F037EFA0FBBA2E17FCB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184003" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119410873" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184003" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787F54E37F037EFA0FBBA2E17FCB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787F54E37F037EFA0FBBA2E17FCB2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37465684E37F031EFA0FBBA2E79FB82" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFA0FBBA2EC0FBA2" blockId="2.[151,501,1077,1135]" box="[151,501,1077,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<heading id="D099818F4E37F031EFA0FBBA2EC0FBA2" bold="true" box="[151,501,1077,1103]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFA0FBBA2EC0FBA2" bold="true" box="[151,501,1077,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E37F031EFA0FBBA2E43FBA2" ID-CoL="6Z7CV" box="[151,374,1077,1103]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFA0FBBA2E43FBA2" bold="true" box="[151,374,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Spariolenus aratta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229578A4E37F031EE4AFBBA2EC0FBA2" box="[381,501,1077,1103]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFA0FBD82E79FB82" blockId="2.[151,501,1077,1135]" box="[151,332,1111,1135]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E37F031EFA0FBD82FCEFB82" box="[151,251,1111,1135]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1681]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Spariolenus aratta spec. nov., holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Figs 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E37F031EE31FBD82E79FB82" box="[262,332,1111,1135]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 40" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1520,1543]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,196,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1499]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 40. Habitus of Spariolenus aratta spec. nov. holotype from Jebal Barez, Kerman, Iran. 39 Dorsal view, colouration; 40 Female guarding her egg cocoon bearing newly hatched spiderlings (the first pair of legs autotomized, when the spider was sampled). 41 – 42. Habitus of Spariolenus iranomaximus spec. nov. from Khofash cave, Ilam, Iran. 41 Subadult female capturing a cockroach, one of the abundant insects inside the Khofash cave; 42 Colouration of the largest female paratype. Photos by M. Moradmand (39 – 40) and B. Fathinia (41 – 42)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277810/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">39–40</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37465684E37F031EFA0FB2F2CEEFA62" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFA0FB2F2D46FAC9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFA0FB2F2EF5FB55" bold="true" box="[151,448,1183,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EFA0FB2F2FE7FB55" box="[151,210,1184,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EE7DFB2F2E8EFB55" box="[330,443,1184,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female,
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031ED16FB102C7EFB55" bold="true" box="[545,843,1183,1208]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37976734E37F031ED16FB102D58FB55" box="[545,621,1183,1208]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">IRAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031ED4FFB2F2C7EFB55" bold="true" box="[632,843,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Kerman Province:</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Ab-e Garm village, Mohammad Abad (Jebal Barez), Maskun, North of Jiroft, Barez mountain as a part of Southern East
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E37F031ECBBFB4A2CECFB30" box="[908,985,1221,1245]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagros" status="sp. nov.">Zagros</taxonomicName>
|
||
mountain range, south central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37976734E37F031EA03FB4A2A51FB31" box="[1332,1380,1221,1244]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
, altitude
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B064E37F031EFF9FB682E10FB12" box="[206,293,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="2225.0">2225 m</quantity>
|
||
, N 28˚54'29.03", E 57˚54'29.4", in rock crevices near dry seasonal river bed, collected before sunrise,
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E37F031EFA0FA832E1AFAC9" box="[151,303,1292,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2009-05-19">19 May 2009</date>
|
||
, M. Moradmand leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE264E37F031ED1EFA832D52FAC9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[553,615,1292,1316]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2FABF2E4DFA81" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFF2FABF2E0EFAA5" bold="true" box="[197,315,1328,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EFF2FABF2E03FAA5" box="[197,310,1328,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1Ƥ, with same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031ED5DFAA02DF9FAAA" box="[618,716,1327,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(spiderling hatched from egg-sac of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EB5DFAA02BF9FAAA" box="[1130,1228,1327,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female and reared in captivity) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE264E37F031EE19FADB2E59FA81" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[302,364,1364,1388]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">SMF</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2FAF82CEEFA62" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" box="[197,987,1399,1424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFF2FAF82D07FA7D" bold="true" box="[197,562,1399,1424]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Additional material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68FD6A4E37F031ED0EFAF82D4FFA62" box="[569,634,1399,1423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="generic">1 juv.</specimenCount>
|
||
, with same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EC4EFAF82CEEFA62" box="[889,987,1399,1423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37465684E37F031EFF2FA132B1EF9F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2FA132B1EF9F2" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFF2FA132E7EFA59" bold="true" box="[197,331,1436,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is derived from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E37F031EDE7FA132C2CFA59" box="[720,793,1436,1460]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratta" status="sp. nov.">Aratta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name of a mysterious civilisation mentioned in Sumerian literature. Recently discovered evidences in Jiroft and steps of the Barez Mountain chain, near to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EA5BFA4E2AA9FA34" box="[1388,1436,1473,1497]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, uncovered this civilisation which flourished in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37976734E37F031EC5DFA6A2CA2FA11" box="[874,919,1509,1532]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
between ancient Sumer in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37976734E37F031EBE5FA6B2A5EFA11" box="[1234,1387,1508,1532]" name="Iraq" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Mesopotamia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Harappa in the Indus River Valley more than 4000 years ago. Noun in opposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37465684E37F031EFF2F9A42DCAF98A" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2F9A42DCAF98A" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFF2F9A42E0AF9A9" bold="true" box="[197,319,1579,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is the only known
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E37F031ED9FF9A32C1BF9A9" box="[680,814,1580,1604]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031ED9FF9A32C1BF9A9" box="[680,814,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Spariolenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species whose epigynal field is clearly wider than long and anterior bands of epigynal field are absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E37F031ED9BF9C02DDBF98A" box="[684,750,1615,1639]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1681]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Spariolenus aratta spec. nov., holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37465684E37F037EFF2F9FC2E4BFED2" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2F9FC2B82F961" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" box="[197,1207,1651,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFF2F9FC2E63F961" bold="true" box="[197,342,1651,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Female (n=2) [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031ED35F9FB2D52F961" box="[514,615,1652,1676]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
first, with measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E37F031EC9FF9FA2B3DF960" box="[936,1032,1653,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in parentheses]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2F9182AA6F8F1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Medium to large sized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E37F031EEF2F9182D7CF942" box="[453,585,1687,1711]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sparassidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(body length c.
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B064E37F031EDC8F9182C67F942" box="[767,850,1687,1711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Prosoma length 8.3 (7.7), prosoma width 7.4 (7.1), anterior width of prosoma 4.3 (4.2), opisthosoma length 7.8 (11.3), opisthosoma width 5.0 (8.0). Eye diameters: AME 0.39, ALE 0.93, PME 0.57, PLE 1.03, eye inter distances: AME-AME 0.24, AME-ALE 0.04, PME-PME 0.31, PME-PLE 0.90, AME-PME 0.62, ALE-PLE 0.82, clypeus height at AME 1.17, clypeus height at ALE 0.58.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2F8A72F80F841" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
Chelicerae with 3 anterior and 4 posterior teeth, cheliceral furrow with ca. 20 denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E37F031EB83F8A72BC6F8AD" box="[1204,1267,1832,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1681]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Spariolenus aratta spec. nov., holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Fig.7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Leg formula: 2143. Palp and legs measurements: palp 11.6 [3.6, 1.6, 2.6, –, 3.8], I unavailable, II 39.5 [11.6, 4.6, 11.1, 9.8, 2.4], III 33.3 [10.2, 3.9, 9.0, 8.3, 1.9], IV 34.8 [10.5, 3.7, 9.2, 9.1, 2.3]; palpal claw with six secondary teeth present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E37F031EA58F8FF2F92F841" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1681]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Spariolenus aratta spec. nov., holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E37F031EFF2F8362CADF819" blockId="2.[151,1437,1183,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E37F031EFF2F8362E05F83D" box="[197,304,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="48">Spination</emphasis>
|
||
. Palp 131, 101, 2121, 1013; Legs: Femur I–III 323, IV 321; Patella I–III 0 0 1, IV 000; Tibia I–II 101(10),
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E37F031EFCAF8522E6EF819" box="[253,347,2012,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="1018-03">III 1018</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E37F031EE51F8522EF3F819" box="[358,454,2012,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2026-04">IV 2026</date>
|
||
; Metatarsus
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E37F031ED63F8522DF5F819" box="[596,704,2012,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="1014-01" valueMax="1014-02-31" valueMin="1014-01-00">I–II 1014</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E37F031EDFCF8522C1CF819" box="[715,809,2012,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" value="2014-03">III 2014</date>
|
||
, IV 3036.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11666B4E36F030EFA0F9262DCCF8D7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E36F030EFA0F9262DCCF8D7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1705,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E36F030EFA0F9262E0FF952" bold="true" box="[151,314,1705,1728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 1–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E36F030EE08F9262EC9F92D" box="[319,508,1705,1728]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E36F030EE08F9262EC9F92D" box="[319,508,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Spariolenus aratta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229578A4E36F030ED35F9252D5DF952" box="[514,616,1706,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E36F030ED35F9252D5DF952" bold="true" box="[514,616,1706,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E36F037EFF2F8E82DF7FF39" blockId="3.[151,1436,1895,2027]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,864]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E36F030EFF2F8E82E58F892" box="[197,365,1895,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Epigyne/vulva.</emphasis>
|
||
Epigyne as in diagnosis with epigynal pits wide, copulatory openings small. Epigyne without any ridge anteriorly; central epigynal rims extending slightly laterally beyond the copulatory openings, resembling a large circle, median slit short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E36F030ED37F8202D74F82A" box="[512,577,1967,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1681]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Spariolenus aratta spec. nov., holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
); vulva in comparison to other species more complex and twisty, the second coil of internal duct broader than first coil, second coil of vulva extending laterally beyond first coil, glandular pores present on parts of distal end of second coil but distinctly visible on hump-like structure on third coil; fertilisation duct relatively long and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E31F037ED78FF332D80FF39" box="[591,693,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1705,1728]" captionTargetBox="[229,1392,221,1634]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,195,1681]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Spariolenus aratta spec. nov., holotype female from Iran, Kerman Province, Jebal Barez. 1 Epigyne, ventral; 2 Vulva, lateral; 3 Vulva, dorsal; 4 Schematic course of internal duct system, dorsal; 5 Left female palpal claw, prolateral; 6 Eye arrangement, dorsal; 7 Left chelicera, ventral. Abbreviations: CO—Copulatory opening; CR—Central rim; EF—Epigynal field; EP—Epigynal pit; FD—Fertilisation duct; HGD—Hump-like glandular part of internal duct system; LID—Lumen of internal duct system; MS—Median Slit; SS—Slit sensillum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277804/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Figs 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E31F037EFF2FF6F2EF0FEF1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EFF2FF6F2E60FF15" box="[197,341,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
Cream-brown with darker grey-brown markings on the prosoma and opisthosoma, legs paler with darker bands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E31F037EE01FE8B2E8CFEF1" box="[310,441,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 40" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1520,1543]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,196,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1499]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 40. Habitus of Spariolenus aratta spec. nov. holotype from Jebal Barez, Kerman, Iran. 39 Dorsal view, colouration; 40 Female guarding her egg cocoon bearing newly hatched spiderlings (the first pair of legs autotomized, when the spider was sampled). 41 – 42. Habitus of Spariolenus iranomaximus spec. nov. from Khofash cave, Ilam, Iran. 41 Subadult female capturing a cockroach, one of the abundant insects inside the Khofash cave; 42 Colouration of the largest female paratype. Photos by M. Moradmand (39 – 40) and B. Fathinia (41 – 42)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277810/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Figs 39–40</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E31F037EFF2FEA72E4BFED2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,864]" box="[197,382,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EFF2FEA72E3DFEAD" bold="true" box="[197,264,296,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37465684E31F037EFF2FEC42E17FCB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E31F037EFF2FEC42DDAFE89" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,864]" box="[197,751,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EFF2FEC42E6BFE89" bold="true" box="[197,350,331,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E31F037ED6AFEC22DB8FE88" box="[605,653,333,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136E34E31F037EFF2FEE02E17FCB2" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EFF2FEE02DB5FE65" bold="true" box="[197,640,367,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Life history and habitat preferences.</emphasis>
|
||
A single adult female was observed early in the morning sitting on a rock near to a seasonally dry river bank facing downward. Around and below the rock were several smaller rocks and stones providing void systems in which spiders can hide and take shelter during the day.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E31F037EB89FE372A15FE3D" box="[1214,1312,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratta" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EB89FE372A15FE3D" box="[1214,1312,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">S. aratta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229578A4E31F037EA1FFE372AA9FE3D" box="[1320,1436,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EA1FFE372AA9FE3D" bold="true" box="[1320,1436,440,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">spec. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was recorded in the high elevation (
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B064E31F037ED06FE532DBBFE19" box="[561,654,476,500]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="2225.0">2225 m</quantity>
|
||
). The spider had been kept in captivity in a glass terrarium for three months. It mostly sat facing downward on the glass wall. It was fed with different kinds of insects including house flies, moths and cockroaches. On
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E31F037ED24FDA82D9EFDD2" box="[531,683,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" value="2009-06-13">13 June 2009</date>
|
||
, it started to construct an egg sac. It used the 4th legs to pull out the silk thread from the spinnerets and with using the palps, she attached the silk to the glass wall. Some Heteropodinae, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E31F037EFCCFDE02D1EFD6A" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[251,555,623,647]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Heteropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EFCCFDE02EB5FD6A" box="[251,384,623,647]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Heteropoda</emphasis>
|
||
Latreille, 1804
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females, commonly carry their egg sac with palps and chelicerae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B124E31F037EA27FDE02AA4FD6A" author="Jager" box="[1296,1425,623,647]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" refString="Jager, P. (2004) A study of the character " palpal claw " in the spider subfamily Heteropodinae (Araneae, Sparassidae). In: Logunov, D. V. & Penney, D. (Eds), Proceedings of the 21 st European Colloquium of Arachnology, St. Petersburg 2003, KMK Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow, 107 - 125." type="journal article" year="2004">Jäger 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The present observation revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E31F037ED7BFD1C2DE7FD46" box="[588,722,659,683]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Spariolenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037ED7BFD1C2DE7FD46" box="[588,722,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Spariolenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females attach the egg sac to a surface and guard it by sitting above it, like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E31F037EE19FD382D2AFD22" authority="Jager, 1999" authorityName="Jager" authorityYear="1999" box="[302,543,695,720]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Sinopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037EE19FD382EADFD22" box="[302,408,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Sinopoda</emphasis>
|
||
Jäger, 1999
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D604E31F037ED74FD382C41FD22" authority="L. Koch, 1875" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1875" box="[579,884,695,719]" class="Arachnida" family="Sparassidae" genus="Pandercetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAF14E31F037ED74FD382DF8FD22" box="[579,717,695,719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Pandercetes</emphasis>
|
||
L. Koch, 1875
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jäger, unpublished). It stopped prey capture and feeding. After approximately 14 days the first spiderlings were observed inside the nest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A664E31F037EBB3FD552BECFD1F" box="[1156,1241,730,754]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 40" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1520,1543]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,196,1490]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1499]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 40. Habitus of Spariolenus aratta spec. nov. holotype from Jebal Barez, Kerman, Iran. 39 Dorsal view, colouration; 40 Female guarding her egg cocoon bearing newly hatched spiderlings (the first pair of legs autotomized, when the spider was sampled). 41 – 42. Habitus of Spariolenus iranomaximus spec. nov. from Khofash cave, Ilam, Iran. 41 Subadult female capturing a cockroach, one of the abundant insects inside the Khofash cave; 42 Colouration of the largest female paratype. Photos by M. Moradmand (39 – 40) and B. Fathinia (41 – 42)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/277810/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="50">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
), on
|
||
<date id="FFD010234E31F037EA26FD552AACFD1F" box="[1297,1433,730,754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" value="2009-07-02">2 July 2009</date>
|
||
. They stayed inside until completing two or three moulting stages. The mother kept guarding the egg-sac and starving until spiderlings hatched. One of the spiderlings was reared in the lab to get mature and is designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588414E31F037EA54FCAC2FF2FC8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |