279 lines
36 KiB
XML
279 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="DE87DA59451EFC6534908C68BEA3660F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.199117" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48cfcd83-212c-4e47-ac58-afc582b9dc7d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="199117" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460327771073" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scheffrahn, Rudolf H. & O’Malley, Robert C." docDate="2010" docId="03C787D39122097009FCF5333816F88D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02670p058.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2670" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Proboscitermes mcgrewi Scheffrahn, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFFEFFAB91200975096BF63C3B5FFFE7" masterDocTitle="A new termite (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae: Proboscitermes) from Tanzania" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="52" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698258082545" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="5D8BA59A712568B5959D04A4C22FFFE5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="86582985EBF17A06B09666F1F6EDEF14">
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<mods:title id="A9C4F75942A83E159943D7C812DE177A">A new termite (Isoptera: Termitidae: Termitinae: Proboscitermes) from Tanzania</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="686A5E9A1FE2DD7A0AF21CB9516A82C2" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="35F7500FFD8D815BD628BF94B95DEAE9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E6DF3535B524F3FB83D865157D2D9673">Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D911020DE010AD128003A11ED6AE9D8C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2CEA7B7DBA343632957AA79ECC7F4835">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1F5CAC3E1A2E08682BAD3260066C59E9">O’Malley, Robert C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="956F29CA510B5822072BD9EAFC6913EB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3350C789D082341BB5FEB4B637A12CB">
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<mods:title id="A1D77138568C6227E632FBB50A466410">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="B0BC2170D681245BFAB3D06C65DF8849">
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<mods:date id="0EF0C270C723F3F5FE3D9D25BB830F56">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E609CB1AF2AE258E8444A6491E43FD0D" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F88FE46674D64070474C94EC8831D551">2670</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="136BD88E1B9117D69B77C9CDFF9A7B90">52</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="15649D7FC172024F796F916F0A6731E8">58</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="2038E85AA8DFEB0EABCF7B95B3793C8D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9FECF503BE08240E57C2B8E66638C74F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.199117</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="91C102617DDF6D49797EC3F8E5B34A2D" type="GBIF-Dataset">48cfcd83-212c-4e47-ac58-afc582b9dc7d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F6A7EF570E7595C97337116DD0D84FDC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="33DAE9C750241B8088F349F15044305F" type="Zenodo-Dep">199117</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C787D39122097009FCF5333816F88D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6197526" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119404050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6197526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787D39122097009FCF5333816F88D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787D39122097009FCF5333816F88D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection id="C374654E9122097709FCF5333A48FCAB" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59122097709FCF53339EAFCCE" blockId="2.[151,693,783,844]" box="[151,693,783,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D09981A99122097709FCF53339EAFCCE" bold="true" box="[151,693,783,809]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79122097709FCF53339EAFCCE" bold="true" box="[151,693,783,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D469122097709FCF5333910FCCE" authority="Scheffrahn" authorityName="Scheffrahn" box="[151,591,783,809]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcgrewi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79122097709FCF5333AE0FCCE" bold="true" box="[151,447,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Proboscitermes mcgrewi</emphasis>
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Scheffrahn
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22957AC912209770B3CF53339EAFCCE" box="[599,693,783,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59122097709FCF50E3A48FCAB" blockId="2.[151,693,783,844]" box="[151,279,818,844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13552A409122097709F4F50E3BAEFCAB" box="[159,241,818,844]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proboscitermes mcgrewi physogastric queen. A) Dorsal habitus (bar = 10 mm), B) dorsal view of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). Worker mandibles C) dorsal view (bar = 0.2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199119/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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–6)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374654E9122097009FCF541399DFDA8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59122097709FCF5413E16FC05" blockId="2.[151,1436,893,994]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79122097709FCF5413948FC70" bold="true" box="[151,535,893,919]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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Description. Imago (
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<figureCitation id="13552A409122097708F0F5413ABAFC70" box="[411,485,893,919]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proboscitermes mcgrewi physogastric queen. A) Dorsal habitus (bar = 10 mm), B) dorsal view of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). Worker mandibles C) dorsal view (bar = 0.2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199119/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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AB)
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</emphasis>
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. Winged imago unknown. Head and dorsum of physogastric queen brown; measurements (mm): entire body length 22.7, max dorsal body width 4.3, fourth anterior tergite 1.36 wide by 0.40 long, maximum head width 1.56, eye maximum diameter 0.23, pronotum 0.94 wide by 0.54 long.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF11664D9122097709FCF10738D2F895" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199119/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[153,1433,1047,1829]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59122097709FCF10738D2F895" blockId="2.[151,1435,1851,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79122097709FCF1073A45F8B4" bold="true" box="[151,282,1851,1875]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D4691220977084AF1073975F8B5" box="[289,554,1851,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcgrewi">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD791220977084AF1073975F8B5" box="[289,554,1851,1874]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Proboscitermes mcgrewi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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physogastric queen. A) Dorsal habitus (bar = 10mm), B) dorsal view of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). Worker mandibles C) dorsal view (bar = 0.2mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59122097609ADF19C38B5FD05" blockId="2.[151,1436,1952,2016]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,738]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79122097709ADF19C3AB7F85D" bold="true" box="[198,488,1952,1979]" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">
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Soldier (
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<figureCitation id="13552A40912209770859F19C3AD9F85D" box="[306,390,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,786,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[153,1433,786,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Proboscitermes mcgrewi soldier. A) lateral, B) ventral, and C) dorsal views of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). D) Oblique anterior view showing labrum and fontanelle, and E) lateral view showing pilosity around fontanelle (bar = 1 mm). F) Lateral view of P. tubuliferous soldier head redrawn without setae from Sjöstedt 1925." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199120/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="54">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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A–E, 4)
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</emphasis>
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. Monomorphic. Body whitish; digestive tube whitish and highly reduced; tube devoid of granualar contents. Body dimensions proportionally small in comparison to head; body smaller than that of worker. Head capsule light orange grading to ferruginous orange toward frontal lobe. Body coloration hyaline except for yellowish pronotum. Surface of head capsule and mandibles with fine shagreened texture. Head capsule pentagonal in dorsal and ventral views; quadrate frontal lobe in lateral view suggestive of a sperm whale head. Large fontanelle directed anteroventrally to saturate surrounding dense tuft of setae with clear defensive secretion; 6 long setae on anterodorsal hump of frontal lobe; a few more long setae near occiput. Labrum quadrate with triangular points at anterolateral corners; eclipsed from dorsal view by frontal lobe. Pronotum with about 10 long setae near posterior margin; 8–10 long setae scattered along each tergite and sternite; especially prominent a lateral margins. Mandibles taper evenly to tips, surface shagreened, tips incurved; very small triangular tooth at base of each mandible. Mandibles extend three-quarters their length beyond frontal lobe. Distinct ridge on gena behind antennal sockets; antennae with 14 articles, 2=3>4<5 or 2>3=4<5. In lateral view, postmentum with blunt peak near its posterior fourth. Measurements (n = 12; 2, 4, 1, and 5 from each
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<typeStatus id="54D5886791230976080BF40E3A99FDAB" box="[352,454,562,588]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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colony; mean±SD (range) in mm: max head length without mandibles 1.43±0.055 (1.33–1.51); maximum head width 1.07±0.017 (0.89–1.09); head height without postmentum 0.93±0.026 (0.86–0.96); mandible articulation to distal margin of frontal lobe 0.37±0.024 (0.32–0.42); left mandible length 1.39±0.032 (1.36–1.46); maximum pronotum height 0.28±0.032 (0.25–0.35); maximum pronotum width 0.58±0.021 (0.54–0.62); hind tibia length 0.88±0.032 (0.84–0.91).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF11664D9123097609FCF1A93FBDF80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199120/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[153,1433,786,1919]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59123097609FCF1A93FBDF80A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1941,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79123097609FCF1A93A42F84A" bold="true" box="[151,285,1941,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D4691230976084FF1AA396BF84A" box="[292,564,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcgrewi">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD791230976084FF1AA396BF84A" box="[292,564,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">Proboscitermes mcgrewi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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soldier. A) lateral, B) ventral, and C) dorsal views of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). D) Oblique anterior view showing labrum and fontanelle, and E) lateral view showing pilosity around fontanelle (bar = 1mm). F) Lateral view of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912309760898F1EA39D2F80A" box="[499,653,2006,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubuliferous">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912309760898F1EA39D2F80A" box="[499,653,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="55">P. tubuliferous</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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soldier head redrawn without setae from Sjöstedt 1925.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF11664D9124097109FCF32E390DFA8E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199121/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[153,1433,194,1276]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59124097109FCF32E390DFA8E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1298,1385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79124097109FCF32E3A42FACD" bold="true" box="[151,285,1298,1322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D4691240971084FF32E396AFACE" box="[292,565,1298,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcgrewi">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD791240971084FF32E396AFACE" box="[292,565,1298,1321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">Proboscitermes mcgrewi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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worker (top) and soldier. Black and white arrows, respecitively, show anterior starting positions of primary and intermediate enteric valve cushions. M, mesenteron; P1, P2, and P3 proctodeal segments 1–3, respectively (bar = 1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="DF11664D9124097109FCF1B23E4BF80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199122/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[153,1433,1436,1913]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59124097109FCF1B23E4BF80A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1934,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79124097109FCF1B23A45F841" bold="true" box="[151,282,1934,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
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Enteric valve armature of
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912409710B51F1B339F3F841" box="[570,684,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="56">P. m c g re w i</emphasis>
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worker. Left: entirety of two of three larger primary cushions, two of three smaller primary cushions, and three of six subsidiary cushions (bar = 0.2 mm). Right: posterior portions of two larger primary cushions, one smaller primary cushion, and subsidiary cushions interspersed (bar = 0.1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59125097009ADF6AB399DFDA8" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097009ADF6AB3AB0FF56" bold="true" box="[198,495,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
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Worker (
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<figureCitation id="13552A40912509700853F6AB3AD2FF56" box="[312,397,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proboscitermes mcgrewi physogastric queen. A) Dorsal habitus (bar = 10 mm), B) dorsal view of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). Worker mandibles C) dorsal view (bar = 0.2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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C, 4, 5).
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</emphasis>
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Monomorphic, worker body larger than that of soldier, postclypeus moderately inflated but external morphology otherwise unremarkable. Head capsule hyaline, abdominal cuticle moderately transparent. Darker elongate patches consisting of spiny cushions of the enteric valves visible from P1 to P2 transition zone to P2 constriction at insertion of P3. Antennae with 14 articles. Enteric valve armature triradial with 6 primary and 6 smaller subsidiary cushions; three larger primary cushions consisting of about 6 rows of medium erect spines in the proximal 4/5ths; distal 1/5th with spine more robust becoming shorter, thinner, and more curved at terminus. Three smaller primary cushions with about 6 rows of medium erect spines at anterior becoming longer, more curved, and reduced to 2–3 rows at terminus. Primary cushions separated by 6 subsidiary cushions consisting of about 10 anterior small erect spines with posterior of cushion consisting of 4–6 rows of very small erect spines. Apical teeth of both mandibles prominent, much larger than marginal teeth, dentition as in
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<figureCitation id="13552A4091250970089CF42C3963FDCD" box="[503,572,528,554]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[153,1433,1047,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Proboscitermes mcgrewi physogastric queen. A) Dorsal habitus (bar = 10 mm), B) dorsal view of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). Worker mandibles C) dorsal view (bar = 0.2 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199119/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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C. Worker maximum head width (n = 12, 3 each from 3
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<typeStatus id="54D58867912509700DACF42C3E73FDCD" box="[1223,1324,528,554]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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colonies; mean±SD (range):
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<quantity id="4C969B2091250970081CF4093A86FDA8" box="[375,473,565,591]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="0.82">0.82mm</quantity>
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±0.028 (0.79–0.86).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374654E9125097009ADF4663ECBFC23" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD136C59125097009ADF4663ECBFC23" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097009ADF4663A19FD93" bold="true" box="[198,326,602,628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The frontal lobe of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700B53F4673804FD93" box="[568,859,603,628]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcgrewi">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700B53F4673804FD93" box="[568,859,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Proboscitermes mcgrewi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinct from other soldiers in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700C7EF4673EC3FD93" box="[1301,1436,603,628]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Cubitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700C7EF4673EC3FD93" box="[1301,1436,603,628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Cubitermes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group by its large anterior volume and broad sloping profile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A40912509700AEFF4BC3894FD7D" box="[900,971,640,666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,786,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[153,1433,786,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Proboscitermes mcgrewi soldier. A) lateral, B) ventral, and C) dorsal views of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). D) Oblique anterior view showing labrum and fontanelle, and E) lateral view showing pilosity around fontanelle (bar = 1 mm). F) Lateral view of P. tubuliferous soldier head redrawn without setae from Sjöstedt 1925." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199120/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700D75F4BC3F92FD7E" box="[1054,1229,640,665]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubuliferous">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700D75F4BC3F92FD7E" box="[1054,1229,640,665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. tubuliferous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A40912509700DB4F4BC3E78FD7D" box="[1247,1319,640,666]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,786,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[153,1433,786,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Proboscitermes mcgrewi soldier. A) lateral, B) ventral, and C) dorsal views of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). D) Oblique anterior view showing labrum and fontanelle, and E) lateral view showing pilosity around fontanelle (bar = 1 mm). F) Lateral view of P. tubuliferous soldier head redrawn without setae from Sjöstedt 1925." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199120/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700C14F4BC3BA3FD58" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">U. gaerdesi</emphasis>
|
||
are closest to
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097008CCF49A3978FD58" box="[423,551,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. m c g re w i</emphasis>
|
||
but the former have much narrower and more conical nasus, especially in lateral view. The soldier labrum of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700B2BF4F73995FD03" box="[576,714,715,740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">U. gaerdesi</emphasis>
|
||
is incised, forming a pair of isosceles triangles (Fig. 11E in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B349125097009FCF4CC3A6DFCED" author="Coaton" box="[151,306,752,778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Coaton, W. G. H. (1971) Five new termite genera from south west Africa (Isoptera: Termitidae). Cimbebasia, 2, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1971">Coaton 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and lacks triangular points at the anterolateral corners (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A40912509700AB1F4CC3F7FFCED" box="[986,1056,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,257,1941,1965]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,786,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[153,1433,786,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Proboscitermes mcgrewi soldier. A) lateral, B) ventral, and C) dorsal views of head and thorax (bar = 1 mm). D) Oblique anterior view showing labrum and fontanelle, and E) lateral view showing pilosity around fontanelle (bar = 1 mm). F) Lateral view of P. tubuliferous soldier head redrawn without setae from Sjöstedt 1925." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199120/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D) seen in both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700D89F4CC3EC3FCEE" box="[1250,1436,752,777]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700D89F4CC3EC3FCEE" box="[1250,1436,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Proboscitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B349125097009A4F5293A32FCC8" author="Sands" box="[207,365,789,815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Sands, W. A. (1998) The identification of worker castes of termite genera from soils of Africa and the Middle East. CAB International, Wallingford, U. K. 500 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sands (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
generic description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700BEBF52A3867FCC8" box="[640,824,790,815]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700BEBF52A3867FCC8" box="[640,824,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Proboscitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
workers includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700D79F52A3FE1FCC8" box="[1042,1214,790,815]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubuliferous">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700D79F52A3FE1FCC8" box="[1042,1214,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. tubuliferous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a new species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37976559125097009B2F5063A06FCB3" box="[217,345,826,852]" name="Cameroon" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B349125097008B7F5063938FCB3" author="Sands" box="[476,615,826,852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Sands, W. A. (1998) The identification of worker castes of termite genera from soils of Africa and the Middle East. CAB International, Wallingford, U. K. 500 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sands 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
photographs of worker enteric valves, both of these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700D89F5073EC3FCB3" box="[1250,1436,827,852]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700D89F5073EC3FCB3" box="[1250,1436,827,852]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Proboscitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species differ from
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097008E8F55C395BFC9E" box="[387,516,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. m c g re w i</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A40912509700B73F55C393FFC9D" box="[536,608,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,1436,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,1436,1913]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Enteric valve armature of P. m c g re w i worker. Left: entirety of two of three larger primary cushions, two of three smaller primary cushions, and three of six subsidiary cushions (bar = 0.2 mm). Right: posterior portions of two larger primary cushions, one smaller primary cushion, and subsidiary cushions interspersed (bar = 0.1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/199122/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) in that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700BA3F55C3829FC9E" box="[712,886,864,889]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubuliferous">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700BA3F55C3829FC9E" box="[712,886,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. tubuliferous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has more stout curved spines in the posterior ends of the primary cushions and
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700B5FF5BA391CFC78" box="[564,579,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700B3FF5B939EAFC78" bold="true" box="[596,693,901,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
has shorter, more ovoid primary cushions. The enteric valve armature of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD791250970084DF5973AF1FC23" box="[294,430,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">U. gaerdesi</emphasis>
|
||
has wider secondary cushions with stouter spines (Fig. 6 on Plate
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700DD3F5963FABFC23" box="[1208,1268,938,964]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B34912509700D90F5963ED8FC23" author="Sands" box="[1275,1415,938,964]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Sands, W. A. (1998) The identification of worker castes of termite genera from soils of Africa and the Middle East. CAB International, Wallingford, U. K. 500 pp." type="book" year="1998">Sands 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374654E9125097009ADF5EC3AD6FAF3" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136C59125097009ADF5EC3AD6FAF3" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097009ADF5EC3A9DFC0D" bold="true" box="[198,450,976,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588679125097008BAF5EC3961FC0D" box="[465,574,976,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
soldier: Lat./Long. -4.66445/29.62586,
|
||
<date id="FFD01005912509700D5FF5EC3F9BFC0D" box="[1076,1220,976,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" value="2010-01-18">18JAN2010</date>
|
||
, elev.
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700C76F5EC3E2DFC0D" box="[1309,1394,976,1002]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="827.0">827 m</quantity>
|
||
, in mound in forest with four other soldiers, many workers and physogastric queen, (UF code AFR1142). Three other
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588679125097009B4F2263A16FBD3" box="[223,329,1050,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
colonies: -4.67843/29.63102,
|
||
<date id="FFD01005912509700BA8F2263801FBD3" box="[707,862,1050,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" value="2009-12-19">19DEC2009</date>
|
||
, 1079 m (AFR554),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68FD4C912509700D34F2263F88FBD3" box="[1119,1239,1050,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="soldier">2 soldiers</specimenCount>
|
||
with workers; - 4.65284/29.63469,
|
||
<date id="FFD010059125097008E1F27C3978FBBD" box="[394,551,1088,1114]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" value="2009-12-28">
|
||
28DEC
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700883F27C3978FBBD" box="[488,551,1088,1114]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.009907" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="2009907.0">2009</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 907 m (AFR667) four soldiers with workers; and -4.66463/29.62618,
|
||
<date id="FFD010059125097009FCF2593A6BFB98" box="[151,308,1125,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" value="2009-12-30">
|
||
30DEC
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B2091250970099EF2593A6BFB98" box="[245,308,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.009808" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="2009808.0">2009</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 808 m (AFR766) one soldier with workers. All samples collected by RCO. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58867912509700C5AF2593E39FB98" box="[1329,1382,1125,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D588679125097009FCF2B63A4FFB43" box="[151,272,1162,1188]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in the University of Florida Termite Collection (Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Davie, Florida). Additional
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58867912509700B8AF28C3806FB2D" box="[737,857,1200,1226]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
will be deposited in the Florida Collection of Arthropods (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374654E9125097009ADF31C3816F88D" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136C59125097009ADF31C3E4DFA28" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097009ADF31C3A0CFADD" bold="true" box="[198,339,1312,1338]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is in honor of William C. McGrew, a primatologist at the University of Cambridge,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797655912509700842F3793A09FAB8" box="[297,342,1349,1375]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">UK</collectingCountry>
|
||
, who has studied chimpanzees (including those of Gombe Stream National Park) in the wild and in captivity for over thirty years. Dr. McGrew has published numerous books and papers highlighting the ecological importance of insect consumption by nonhuman primates, particularly chimpanzees, and the relevance of insectivory for understanding human evolution (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B34912509700AF5F3893F15FA28" author="McGrew" box="[926,1098,1461,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="McGrew, W. C. (1992) Chimpanzee material culture: implications for human evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 277 pp." type="book" year="1992">McGrew 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B34912509700D3CF3893E5AFA28" author="McGrew" box="[1111,1285,1461,1487]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="McGrew, W. C. (2001) The other faunivory: primate insectivory and early human diet. Stanford, C. B and Bunn, H. T. (eds.), pp. 160 - 178. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK." type="book chapter" year="2001">McGrew 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136C59125097009ADF3E63816F88D" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097009ADF3E63A8EFA13" bold="true" box="[198,465,1498,1524]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Habitat and biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Gombe Stream National Park is a mosaic habitat of evergreen forest (mostly concentrated in riverine valleys), woodland thicket, dense vine tangle, and open woodland (grading into grassland) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B34912509700849F0193937F9D8" author="Collins" box="[290,616,1573,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Collins, D. A. & McGrew, W. C. (1988) Habitats of three groups of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in western Tanzania compared. Journal of Human Evolution, 17, 555 - 574." type="journal article" year="1988">Collins and McGrew 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Four
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700BD5F01A381DF9D8" box="[702,834,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Proboscitermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mcgrewi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700BD5F01A381DF9D8" box="[702,834,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. mcgrewi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples were collected from epigeal soil mounds and a dead tree across three habitat classes (woodland thicket (twice), evergreen forest, and vine tangle) between
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B2091250970086BF04C3ACBF96D" box="[256,404,1648,1674]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.53" metricValueMax="10.79" metricValueMin="8.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="953.0" valueMax="1079.0" valueMin="827.0">827–1079 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation and within
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700BF8F04C39BAF96D" box="[659,741,1648,1674]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="1.1">1.1 km</quantity>
|
||
of the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika. Two soil mounds were relatively small and round (AFR1142 was
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700BB1F0A93842F948" box="[730,797,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="40.0">40cm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, while AFR554 was
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700DE7F0A93F91F948" box="[1164,1230,1685,1711]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="cm" value="20.0">20cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) and required a geological hammer to break open. One sample (AFR766) was an inquiline in a large (
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B20912509700C7EF0863E0CF933" box="[1301,1363,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="4.2">4.2m</quantity>
|
||
wide, 4mh) otherwise moribund
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D469125097008B2F0DC3927F91E" box="[473,632,1760,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Macrotermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD79125097008B2F0DC3927F91E" box="[473,632,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Macrotermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mound. Sample AFR667 was collected from a dead tree, together with an unknown ant species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B34912509700B61F139399AF8F8" author="Sjostedt" box="[522,709,1797,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" refString="Sjostedt, Y. (1925) Revision der Termiten Afrikas. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 3, 1 - 419." type="journal article" year="1925">Sjöstedt (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reports that Silvestri collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D46912509700D2DF13A3FA8F8F8" box="[1094,1271,1798,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Eutermes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubuliferous">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAD7912509700D2DF13A3FA8F8F8" box="[1094,1271,1798,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">P. tubuliferous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from earthen foraging tubes under a tree stump. The lack of solid organic contents in the soldier digestive tube suggests that nutrition is derived from worker exocrine gland secretions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |