316 lines
41 KiB
XML
316 lines
41 KiB
XML
<document id="4FF04D89AB1EDBB46B2841D72CAD2E26" ID-CLB-Dataset="29047" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4457.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f40808e1-f95c-40f4-bc75-47fcbe55c95b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1458015" ID-ZooBank="60B855A1-F4A8-4F0D-9507-04B5CFF27188" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1539267694038" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Meetei, Asem Bipin, Das, Sunandan, Campbell, Patrick D., Raha, Sujoy & Bag, Probhat" docDate="2018" docId="03C787A60868FF94D890F96FFE9068F9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4457.4.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4457 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ablabes hamptoni Boulenger 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="543" masterDocId="FFFEFFDE086BFF92D807FFE0FFE56F0A" masterDocTitle="A study on Ptyas doriae (Boulenger, 1888) with comments on the status of Ptyas hamptoni (Boulenger, 1900) (Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="548" masterPageNumber="537" pageNumber="540" updateTime="1698577188943" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="998316D0DF3FD15A494518E83507C132">A study on Ptyas doriae (Boulenger, 1888) with comments on the status of Ptyas hamptoni (Boulenger, 1900) (Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D0545845F5E104F7A47EA269F126A5B">Meetei, Asem Bipin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="CC7F5990BAB84991482551C3671FC7FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="623F206EB3E2D59FDC225EBF1D9C101C">Das, Sunandan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F038F55068546626E10BA440A1540E57">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CC16C009CE457EE40CDBA4EF628DB92C">Campbell, Patrick D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9E8A82F6D9043730A3B549E8362474CF">Raha, Sujoy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="00FB1AAB837A68E67ED9AF37BD2ACFE1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C9638462AB59593AEC7B74532C4C6E2B">Bag, Probhat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EFDAEB63A1F4D2950FC587D30EF51097">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="58D1094148FF411A193F5AC6262E6461">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1D43935C5CB407E02849B1867D75BCED">2018-08-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C787A60868FF94D890F96FFE9068F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5993149" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148692346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5993149" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787A60868FF94D890F96FFE9068F9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787A60868FF94D890F96FFE9068F9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">
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<subSubSection id="C374653B0868FF91D890F96FFDA569A0" box="[151,576,1679,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B00868FF91D890F96FFDA569A0" blockId="3.[151,576,1679,1706]" box="[151,576,1679,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D330868FF91D890F96FFDA569A0" authority="Boulenger, 1900" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,576,1679,1706]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ablabes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamptoni">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA20868FF91D890F96FFDA569A0" bold="true" box="[151,576,1679,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA20868FF91D890F96FFE9769A3" bold="true" box="[151,370,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">Ablabes hamptoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B410868FF91D97EF970FDA569A0" box="[377,576,1680,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" refId="ref5604" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Description of a new snake of the genus Ablabes from Burma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (34), 409. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678397" type="journal article">Boulenger, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C374653B0868FF97D890F936FCB26932" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B00868FF96D890F936FB0D6DE9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1750,2033]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,739]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="541" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA20868FF91D890F936FEA369E5" bold="true" box="[151,326,1750,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">Redescription:</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="C6EC030B0868FF91D952F936FE4E69E5" box="[341,427,1750,1775]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,368,391]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric and meristic data of specimens of Ptyas doriae (including the type of Ablabes hamptoni)" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">Table 1</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A350868FF91D9BDF936FDFD69E5" box="[442,536,1750,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,794,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,794,1673]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Ablabes hamptoni (NHML 1946.1.5.32; synonymized with Ptyas doriae), A. dorsal view of head, B. lateral view of head, C. ventral view of head, D. dorsal view of entire body." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458017/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A350868FF91DA20F937FDD269E5" box="[551,567,1751,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1218,1240]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1196]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,301,1196]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral view of head of specimens of Ptyas doriae showing the variable scalation on the loreal region. Note the presence of loreal in A. (VR/ERS/ZSI 501[A]) and B. (VR/ERS/ZSI 501 [J]) and absence of that scale in C. (ZSI 20504) and D. (ZSI 20503)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458019/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A350868FF91DA43F937FDB769E5" box="[580,594,1751,1775]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,685,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,685,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Specimen of Ptyas doriae (Regd. No. 40107) collected from Manipur (India) showing a striped colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458021/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">3</figureCitation>
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) A small to medium sized snake with a maximum SVL of
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<quantity id="4C969B550868FF91DCE9F937FAA969E4" box="[1262,1356,1751,1775]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.43" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="843.0">843 mm</quantity>
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(in the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D330868FF91D923F91BFE486819" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[292,429,1787,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ablabes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamptoni">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA20868FF91D923F91BFE486819" box="[292,429,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">P. hamptoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); body slender; tail long (TAL/total length 0.21–0.24), head more or less distinct from neck; HW greater than HH; snout moderately elongated (ESD/HLB 0.37–0.39), obtusely pointed; from the prefrontal region the forehead slopes down steeply towards snout tip; eye moderately large (ED/HLB 0.23–0.28), with round pupil; rostral wider than high and contacts 6 scales, namely 1st SL, internasals and anterior nasals; suture between internasals smaller than that between prefrontals; lateral extensions of prefrontals descend onto upper parts of loreal region; loreal present or absent—for example, in ZSI 20503, 20504 and Regd. No. 40107 loreal is absent whereas a small loreal is present between posterior nasal, 2nd SL, pre-ocular and the prefrontal in NHML 1946.1.5.32, MCZ R 44714, VR/ERS/ZSI 501(A) and 501(J); amongst the specimens without a loreal, preocular contacts posterior nasal in two (ZSI 20503 and 20504) specimens whereas in Regd. No. 40107 the lateral extension of the prefrontal contacts the 2nd SL (however, an incomplete suture is present on the downward lateral extension of the prefrontal)—the pattern indicates that in the former loreal had fused with the pre-ocular while in the latter a fusion occurred between loreal and prefrontal; frontal pentagonal, longer than its distance from rostral, and contacts prefrontals, supraoculars and parietals; both the parietals and the suture between them are longer than the frontal; nasal divided and posterior nasal larger than its anterior counterpart; 1preocular; a very small presubocular either present or absent; postoculars 2 or 3 (Regd. No. 40107); TEMP (R/L) 1+2/1+2, lower posterior TEMP sometimes prevented from touching anterior TEMP by 7th SL (ZSI 11939, 20503, VR/ERS/ZSI 501(A), MCZ R 44714); SL (R/L) 6/6 (MCZ R 44714) or 7/7 (other specimens), 1
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086FFF96DBDEFE00FBF76EF7" box="[985,1042,480,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st and</taxonomicName>
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2nd SL touch nasals; in most of the specimens 4th and 5th SL contact eye while in ZSI 20503 and MCZ R 44714, 3rd also in contact with eye; 7th SL large, followed by a moderately large scale (regarded by some authors as the 8th SL located behind the corner of the mouth, so not considered here to be a supralabial); mental triangular; IL (R/L) 6/6 or 7/7, 1st to 4th IL contacts anterior genial while posterior genial is usually contacted by 4th and 5th IL except in ZSI 20503 where 5th IL is just separated from posterior genial; anterior genial 1.6–2.2 times longer than the posterior genial; dorsal scales smooth, DSCH:M:
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<date id="FFD01070086FFF96D90EFD2BFEA16DE9" box="[265,324,714,739]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" value="2015-05">V 15</date>
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:15:15; VEN 173–194, in ZSI 20503 178th VEN is divided; Anal 1; SC 74–80 pairs.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF116638086FFF96D890F941FC7669DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458017/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" startId="4.[151,250,1697,1719]" targetBox="[151,1436,794,1673]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B0086FFF96D890F941FC7669DF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1697,1749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086FFF96D890F941FEF669BC" bold="true" box="[151,275,1697,1719]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086FFF96D99DF941FDB669BD" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1900" box="[410,595,1697,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ablabes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hamptoni">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086FFF96D99DF941FDB669BD" box="[410,595,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Ablabes hamptoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHML 1946.1.5.32; synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086FFF96DBFDF942FB9E69BD" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1018,1147,1697,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086FFF96DBFDF942FB9E69BD" box="[1018,1147,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Ptyas doriae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), A. dorsal view of head, B. lateral view of head, C. ventral view of head, D. dorsal view of entire body.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B0086FFF96D8C0F8E2FF3A6869" blockId="4.[151,1437,1794,2038]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">
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Dentition was studied in ZSI 11939; this specimen possesses 26 or 27 recurved teeth on an elongated narrow maxilla; the number of maxillary teeth reported in the literature is 25–33 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086FFF96DBFFF8C6FB516835" box="[1016,1204,1830,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" refId="ref5604" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Description of a new snake of the genus Ablabes from Burma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (34), 409. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678397" type="journal article">Boulenger 1900</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086FFF96DCC4F8C6FAAE6835" box="[1219,1355,1830,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" refId="ref7385" refString="Wall, F. (1924 b) Notes on snakes collected in Burma in 1924. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30, 805 - 821." type="journal article">Wall 1924b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086FFF96DD5EF8C6FF366869" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" refId="ref7051" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indochinese sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia, Folume 3, Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B0086FFF97D8C0F88EFEB96FFD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1794,2038]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">
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Hemipenis was studied in ZSI 11939. The following description of hemipenis is from an
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086FFF96DCB6F88FFB12688C" box="[1201,1271,1903,1926]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">in situ</emphasis>
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preparation as an everted preparation was not available and the description follows the terminology of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086FFF96DC6AF872FA7268A1" box="[1133,1431,1938,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" refId="ref5909" refString="Dowling, H. G. & Savage, J. M. (1960) A Guide to the Snake Hempenis: a Survey of Basic Structure and Systematic Characteristics. Zoologica, 45, 17 - 28." type="journal article">Dowling & Savage (1960)</bibRefCitation>
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; the hemipenis extends upto 14th SC
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086FFF96DA2CF85AFD9468DB" box="[555,625,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">in situ</emphasis>
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; apart from the base of the organ which is devoid of ornamentation, the basal 2/3 part is covered with large spines; at about 2/3 length of the hemipenis, an abrupt transition from spinous to a calyculate area occurs; calyces away from distal end are large and formed of thick ridges, therefore appearing somewhat like flounces; the ridges of calyces are papillate; calyces become very small and closely set towards the end of distal part.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF116638086EFF97D890FB22FEFF6A1F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458019/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" startId="5.[151,250,1218,1240]" targetBox="[151,1436,301,1196]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B0086EFF97D890FB22FEFF6A1F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1218,1301]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086EFF97D890FB22FEF16BDD" bold="true" box="[151,276,1218,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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Lateral view of head of specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086EFF97DAA4FB23FCC06BD2" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[675,805,1218,1240]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086EFF97DAA4FB23FCC06BD2" box="[675,805,1218,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Ptyas doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing the variable scalation on the loreal region. Note the presence of loreal in A. (VR/ERS/ZSI 501[A]) and B. (VR/ERS/ZSI 501 [J]) and absence of that scale in C. (ZSI 20504) and D. (ZSI 20503).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B0086EFF97D8C0FAA3FCB26932" blockId="5.[151,1436,1346,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B063CED086EFF97D8C0FAA3FCB26932" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1917076576" collectionCode="VEN" collectorName="Regd. No." location="Manipur" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Manipur">
|
||
In life, the head and dorsum are uniformly verdant green which extends to the outer edges of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7FAE75086EFF97DCF6FAA3FACE6A50" box="[1265,1323,1347,1370]" country="Venezuela" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15643" name="Fundaci<63>n Instituto Bot<6F>nico de Venezuela" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">VEN</collectionCode>
|
||
while the venter is white to whitish cream. In preservative, the dorsum becomes turquoise. One specimen,
|
||
<collectorName id="269B5366086EFF97DCD2FA85FAAD6A74" box="[1237,1352,1381,1406]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Regd. No.</collectorName>
|
||
40107, has a hitherto unreported colour pattern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A35086EFF97DA59FA6AFD256AA8" box="[606,704,1418,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,685,1649]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,685,1649]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Specimen of Ptyas doriae (Regd. No. 40107) collected from Manipur (India) showing a striped colour pattern." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458021/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimen has 4 black lateral stripes on a green (bluish-grey in preservative) dorsum. These stripes start at the midbody and while the lower one terminates at vent, the upper stripe runs for about half the length of tail. The lower stripes occupy 2nd and 3rd dorsal scale rows while the upper stripes run along 5th and 6th scales rows. This particular specimen, collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086EFF97DC1BFA1BFB98691E" box="[1052,1149,1531,1556]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
by the first author, agrees with other specimens in every other aspect including lepidosis.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C374653B086EFF94D8C0F9A3FE9068F9" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B0086EFF97D8C0F9A3FC4669E6" blockId="5.[151,1436,1346,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086EFF97D8C0F9A3FE876956" bold="true" box="[199,354,1603,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
Following the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58812086EFF97DAC2F9A3FCC96956" box="[709,812,1603,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97DB52F9A3FBCF6956" box="[853,1066,1603,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref5652" refString="Capocaccia, L. (1961) Catalogo dei tipi di rettili del Museo Civico di Naturale di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 72, 86 - 111." type="journal article">Capocaccia (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58812086EFF97DC59F9A4FB6B6956" box="[1118,1166,1604,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086EFF97DD09F9A4FA796956" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1294,1436,1604,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086EFF97DD09F9A4FA796956" box="[1294,1436,1604,1628]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Ptyas doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is “Monti ad Est di Bhamò: Kakhien Hills”; i.e. “Mountains situated east of Bhamo:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086EFF97DC76F987FB27698A" box="[1137,1218,1639,1664]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
hills”; the original locality given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97D95EF96BFDFA69AE" box="[345,543,1675,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref5551" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1888) An Account of Reptilia obtained in Burma, North of Tenasserim, by M. L. Fea, of the Genoa Civic Museum. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, Series 2, 6, 503 - 604." type="journal article">Boulenger (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was merely “Kakhien Hills”. So far this species has been recorded from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086EFF97DD4CF96BFA7969AE" box="[1355,1436,1675,1700]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Kachin</collectingRegion>
|
||
State and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086EFF97D914F94FFE0769C2" box="[275,482,1711,1736]" country="Myanmar" name="Mandalay" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Mandalay Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97DA11F950FD6069C2" box="[534,645,1712,1736]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086EFF97DA90F94FFD1269C2" box="[663,759,1711,1736]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
State of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97DB76F94FFC4E69C2" box="[881,939,1711,1736]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086EFF97DC59F950FAC369C2" box="[1118,1318,1711,1736]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97DD5EF94FFA7969C2" box="[1369,1436,1711,1736]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97D899F933FEB269E6" box="[158,343,1747,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref5551" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1888) An Account of Reptilia obtained in Burma, North of Tenasserim, by M. L. Fea, of the Genoa Civic Museum. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, Series 2, 6, 503 - 604." type="journal article">Boulenger 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97D965F934FE7B69E6" box="[354,414,1748,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref5604" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1900) Description of a new snake of the genus Ablabes from Burma. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 6 (34), 409. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930008678397" type="journal article">1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97D9AEF933FDCE69E6" box="[425,555,1747,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref7350" refString="Wall, F. (1924 a) A hand-list of the snakes of the Indian empire. Part III. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 29, 864 - 878." type="journal article">Wall 1924a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97DA31F933FD6569E6" box="[566,640,1747,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref7385" refString="Wall, F. (1924 b) Notes on snakes collected in Burma in 1924. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30, 805 - 821." type="journal article">1924b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97DA8CF934FCE069E6" box="[651,773,1747,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref6969" refString="Pope, C. H. (1935) The reptiles of China: Turtles, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Natural History of South Asia. Fol. 10. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 604 pp." type="book">Pope 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97DB16F933FC7269E6" box="[785,919,1747,1772]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref7051" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indochinese sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia, Folume 3, Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, xii + 583 pp." type="book">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B0086EFF94D8C0F918FE2B6D8F" blockId="5.[151,1436,1346,2024]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
|
||
In the present study, we also predicted the range using Maxent modeling. The AUC value obtained from the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.94, indicating a very good model performance. The reclassified output (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A35086EFF97D8EAF8DFFEA86852" box="[237,333,1855,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,908,930]" captionTargetBox="[340,1164,189,833]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[340,1164,189,833]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Predicted distribution (reclassified to binary format) of Ptyas doriae. Green pentagon with yellow centre marks the type locality of Ptyas doriae, star marks the type locality of Ablabes hamptoni while blue circles represent all other known collection localities for P. doriae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458023/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) predicts a large area in Southeast Asia, including northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97DC11F8DFFBB76852" box="[1046,1106,1855,1880]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97DCC4F8A0FAD56852" box="[1219,1328,1856,1880]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97D8B1F883FF1E6876" box="[182,251,1891,1916]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97D90FF883FE8B6876" box="[264,366,1891,1916]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97D97DF884FE556871" box="[378,432,1892,1915]" name="Laos" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086EFF97D9EFF883FDAF6876" box="[488,586,1891,1916]" name="Vietnam" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as being climatically suitable for the species. The suitable habitat includes both plains and montane region. This species has so far been recorded from an altitudinal range of ±600–1780 meters above sea level.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97D9BEF84BFDB768CE" box="[441,594,1963,1988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref7385" refString="Wall, F. (1924 b) Notes on snakes collected in Burma in 1924. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30, 805 - 821." type="journal article">Wall (1924b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed that this species occurs above
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B55086EFF97DC33F84CFB4768CE" box="[1076,1186,1963,1988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 feet</quantity>
|
||
(about 1212 meters) elevation but this was refuted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086EFF97DA15F830FD7868E2" box="[530,669,1999,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" refId="ref6969" refString="Pope, C. H. (1935) The reptiles of China: Turtles, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Natural History of South Asia. Fol. 10. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 604 pp." type="book">Pope (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who recorded it from a lower altitude as well. The occurrence data and the prediction of climatic suitability both support
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94DAF1FF78FC616FBA" box="[758,900,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref6969" refString="Pope, C. H. (1935) The reptiles of China: Turtles, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Natural History of South Asia. Fol. 10. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 604 pp." type="book">Pope (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94DC0DFF78FB706FBA" box="[1034,1173,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref6969" refString="Pope, C. H. (1935) The reptiles of China: Turtles, Crocodilians, Snakes, Lizards. Natural History of South Asia. Fol. 10. The American Museum of Natural History, New York, 604 pp." type="book">Pope (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
questioned the validity of the record of this snake from the lower valley of Chang Jiang River (formerly Yangtze River) of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086DFF94DCF2FF5CFADD6FDF" box="[1269,1336,188,213]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94D8BAFF3FFEB76FF2" box="[189,338,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref7350" refString="Wall, F. (1924 a) A hand-list of the snakes of the Indian empire. Part III. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 29, 864 - 878." type="journal article">Wall (1924a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the specimen forming the basis of this record (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94DB9AFF3FFBF36FF2" box="[925,1046,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref7280" refString="Wall, F. (1903) A prodromus of the snakes hiterto recorded from China, Japan, and the Loo Choo Islands: with some notes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1, 84 - 102" type="journal article">Wall 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) was probably misidentified. The SDM analysis does not predict regions north of the extreme southern tip of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94DBE4FEE5FBDC6E16" box="[995,1081,261,284]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
to be climatically suitable, thus once again supporting Pope’s opinion. The variable having the highest influence in determining distribution, as identified by jackknife analysis, is BIO18 (‘precipitation of the warmest quarter’) with percent and permutation contributions of 43.5 and 47.1 respectively. This species seems to be a denizen of forest and precipitation during the summer months may be important for maintaining forest cover, therefore acting as crucial scenopoetic determinant of this species’ distribution. From the location of known collection localities and predicted distribution, it seems that further exploration may reveal its presence in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94DC02FE3CFB546EFF" box="[1029,1201,476,501]" country="Myanmar" name="Sagaing" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Sagaing region</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086DFF94DCDCFE3DFAAD6EFF" box="[1243,1352,477,501]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
andthe northeast Indian states adjacent to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94DA11FE1FFD9C6D12" box="[534,633,511,536]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is noteworthy that
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086DFF94DB6DFE1FFC2C6D12" box="[874,969,511,536]" name="Vietnam" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086DFF94DBF9FDE0FBD16D1D" box="[1022,1076,512,535]" name="Laos" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
are inhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086DFF94DCF3FDE1FAB76D1D" box="[1268,1362,512,536]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cyclophiops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94DCF3FDE1FAB76D1D" box="[1268,1362,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">P. major</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086DFF94DD80FDE1FEC56D36" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multicinctus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94DD80FDE1FEC56D36" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">P. multicinctus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086DFF94DA14FDC4FD7A6D36" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1888" box="[531,671,548,572]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Cyclophiops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94DA14FDC4FD7A6D36" box="[531,671,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Cyclophiops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94DABDFDC4FC726D36" box="[698,919,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref7459" refString="Ziegler, T., Hendrix, R., Thanh, V. N., Vogt, M., Forster, B. & Kien, D. N. (2007) The diversity of a snake community in a karst forest ecosystem in the central Truong Son, Vietnam, with an identification key. Zootaxa, 1493, 1 - 40." type="journal article">
|
||
Ziegler
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94DB10FDC5FCB66D36" box="[791,851,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94DBA0FDC5FBFD6D36" box="[935,1048,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref5756" refString="Das, I. (2010) Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, 376 pp, Pl. 1 - 74." type="book chapter">Das 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94DC21FDC4FAEE6D36" box="[1062,1291,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref7416" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the world: a catalogue of living and extinct species. CRC Press, Boca Raton, xxvi + 1209 pp." type="book">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94DC8BFDC5FB226D36" box="[1164,1223,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which may replace
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086DFF94D8F6FDA9FEBC6D6A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[241,345,584,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94D8F6FDA9FEBC6D6A" box="[241,345,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">P. doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there and strong prediction in those areas may actually indicate a conservatism of Grinnellian niche (also see Discussion).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF116638086DFF94D890F998FA9C6984" box="[151,1401,1656,1678]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1458021/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" startId="6.[151,250,1656,1678]" targetBox="[151,1436,685,1649]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B0086DFF94D890F998FA9C6984" blockId="6.[151,1401,1656,1678]" box="[151,1401,1656,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94D890F998FEF76987" bold="true" box="[151,274,1656,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086DFF94D999F999FDFA6984" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[414,543,1656,1678]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Ptyas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94D999F999FDFA6984" box="[414,543,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Ptyas doriae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Regd. No. 40107) collected from Manipur (India) showing a striped colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B0086DFF94D8C0F95BFE9068F9" blockId="6.[151,1437,1723,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94D8C0F95BFE6C69DE" bold="true" box="[199,393,1723,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Very little is known about the natural history of these snakes. Two specimens were observed in September at
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94D948F93FFE5969F2" box="[335,444,1759,1784]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
village (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94DA19F93FFD6769F2" box="[542,642,1759,1784]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086DFF94DA89F93FFD2969F2" box="[654,716,1759,1784]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
). Another one was found dead on the road at NH-2 near Molnoi village on the way to Moreh (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94D9EFF8E3FDA96816" box="[488,588,1795,1820]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797620086DFF94DA50F8E3FD776816" box="[599,658,1795,1820]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
) in the same month. These snakes live in bushes and shrubs (mainly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D33086DFF94D890F8C8FF116835" box="[151,244,1832,1855]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA2086DFF94D890F8C8FF116835" box="[151,244,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Lantana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sometimes also occurring in bamboo groves) up to a maximum of
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B55086DFF94DBF6F8C7FBD4684A" box="[1009,1073,1831,1856]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8288" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" unit="ft" value="6.0">6 feet</quantity>
|
||
above ground (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A35086DFF94DCE6F8C7FAA6684A" box="[1249,1347,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1802,1824]" captionText="FIGURE 5. Habitat of Ptyas doriae in Manipur (India)." pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). These snakes are said to be diurnal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B41086DFF94D9E6F8ABFDB46869" box="[481,593,1867,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" refId="ref5756" refString="Das, I. (2010) Reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd, London, 376 pp, Pl. 1 - 74." type="book chapter">Das 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to the local people, these snakes are not uncommon in forested hillocks of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49AAF852086DFF94D91CF88FFE9E6882" box="[283,379,1903,1928]" country="India" name="Manipur" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Manipur</collectingRegion>
|
||
from March to October and local people further report that they generally encounter these snakes during ‘slash and burn’ cultivation works and also near villages. The vernacular name of these snakes in the Tangkhul language is ‘Shineiphara’ and ‘Naril’ in the Manipuri language. Nothing is known about their diet and reproductive habits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |