425 lines
51 KiB
XML
425 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="04DCC78495415A783FCD0BE9BBE6C6D6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274579" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eed612c2-ba22-4d53-ae53-9eaff3fc8706" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274579" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460000228395" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="E, José Mondaca" docDate="2008" docId="03C787A4FF9A322F12ECF8B7FEC2FEC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01922p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1922" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Apterodorcus bacchus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FFFEFFDCFF993226127BFFF8FF83FFBD" masterDocTitle="Revision of the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of southern South America" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1698233134854" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1DAAC4DDDAD8811EB03C8319838F1F11">
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<mods:title id="F3C3696CFD21D5043B610FB3825029CC">Revision of the genus Apterodorcus Arrow (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae) of southern South America</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5E3076879E8EB43A866E918BF140EB63" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C4DABBC06290C4EACCE2105B5C215537">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="72A7BD43CDF8B5D7654269898A8400CD">E, José Mondaca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A48AE2154C5D01A1CA466276BAFEDD2D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CA30B7666773BAA126D15722A02469E2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="223FC9980B1FE18505B67F2CD6CF8110">
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<mods:date id="463FAB28A4FC7B78D9D15B741DB3C82B">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="E3E56477DB670E4CB21C6CC076DBF3C4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F316EFBD4CCB67B24604BD40507597E2">1922</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BFB751E930A23395C0F1E994D233C006">21</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="C3954FD68F998BC011138C5D233924DD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EB7C16EB102CFAE89EA7700D07AC8A7F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274579</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8B70C2DA519F25F6F7D84D7A18BC2245" type="GBIF-Dataset">eed612c2-ba22-4d53-ae53-9eaff3fc8706</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C74245C069F309DFA370082E40B7D6A8" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B89B5F16A79D64B723142DBF5F86C99" type="Zenodo-Dep">274579</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C787A4FF9A322F12ECF8B7FEC2FEC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6227639" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6227639" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C787A4FF9A322F12ECF8B7FEC2FEC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C787A4FF9A322F12ECF8B7FEC2FEC7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection id="C3746539FF9A322512ECF8B7FE44F831" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9A322512ECF8B7FD70F8D4" blockId="3.[151,755,1871,1932]" box="[151,755,1871,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<heading id="D09981DEFF9A322512ECF8B7FD70F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,755,1871,1897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9A322512ECF8B7FD70F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,755,1871,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9A322512ECF8B7FE27F8D4" ID-CoL="FYKF" box="[151,420,1871,1897]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9A322512ECF8B7FE27F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,420,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Apterodorcus bacchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hope in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9A32251064F8B7FD69F8D4" author="Westwood" box="[543,746,1871,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1845) A catalogue of the Lucanoid Coleoptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., F. R. S., & c., President of the Entomological Society of London, together with descriptions of the new species therein contained. J. C. Bridgewater, London. 31 pp." type="book" year="1845">Westwood, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9A322512ECF88AFE44F831" blockId="3.[151,755,1871,1932]" box="[151,455,1906,1932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9A322512E4F88AFEAEF831" box="[159,301,1906,1932]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId-0="5.[151,255,1831,1855]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox-0="[415,1171,197,1807]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[415,1171,194,1807]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Apterodorcus species: A. bacchus (circles), and A. tristis (triangles). Regions of Chile indicated by Roman numeral, provinces of Argentina by postal code (Q = Neuquén, U = Chubut, R = Río Negro)." captionText-1="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/274580/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Figs. 1–2, 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9A32251342F88AFEC9F831" box="[313,330,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9A3225132CF88AFEE4F831" box="[343,359,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[472,1115,736,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Wings and male genitalia of Apterodorcus species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of A. bacchus male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of A. tristis male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of A. bacchus; 11) Male genitalia of A. tristis. Scale bars indicate 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">8</figureCitation>
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, 10,
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<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9A322513DBF88AFE3DF831" box="[416,446,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[472,1115,714,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[472,1115,714,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 12. Female A. bacchus feeding at sap flow on Nothofagus near Chillán, VIII Region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274584/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3746539FF9A322212ECF845FB24FE32" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9A322212ECF845FE58FF52" blockId="3.[151,1436,1981,2036]" lastBlockId="4.[199,1436,152,399]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9A322512ECF845FE07F869" ID-CoL="FYKF" box="[151,388,1981,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9A322512ECF845FE07F869" box="[151,388,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Apterodorcus bacchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hope in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9A32251395F845FD27F869" author="Westwood" box="[494,676,1981,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1845) A catalogue of the Lucanoid Coleoptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., F. R. S., & c., President of the Entomological Society of London, together with descriptions of the new species therein contained. J. C. Bridgewater, London. 31 pp." type="book" year="1845">Westwood, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9A322510CDF845FC9AF869" box="[694,793,1981,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(OXUM) examined (Col: 302) labeled: a) “
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<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9A32251697F845FAAFF869" box="[1260,1324,1981,2004]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Chile</collectingCountry>
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”; b) “
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9A32251711F845FF7BF849" ID-CoL="FYKF" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9A32251711F845FF7BF849" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">Bacchus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/ Hope”; c) red bordered “
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<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9A3225105EF825FDE9F849" box="[549,618,2013,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="24">TYPE</typeStatus>
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/ HOPE / … / Coll. Hope Oxon.” label with handwritten “Col: Lucan.” / “1845, P. 26”; d) black bordered “
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<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9D32221057FF60FDF2FF12" box="[556,625,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">TYPE</typeStatus>
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/ … / HOPE DEPT. OXFORD” label with handwritten “Col: 302 /
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D32221739FF60FA1FFF12" ID-CoL="5H3X" box="[1346,1436,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221739FF60FA1FFF12" box="[1346,1436,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Lucanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D322212AEFF40FEEEFF72" ID-CoL="FYKF" authority="Hope" authorityName="Hope" box="[213,365,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212AEFF40FEAFFF72" box="[213,300,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">bacchus</emphasis>
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Hope
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</taxonomicName>
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/ (Westw.)”; e) “
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221059FF40FC9EFF72" box="[546,797,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D32221059FF40FC8CFF72" ID-CoL="FYKF" box="[546,783,184,207]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">Apterodorcus bacchus</taxonomicName>
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/
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</emphasis>
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(Hope, in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9D322211EBFF40FBBDFF72" author="Westwood" box="[912,1086,184,207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1845) A catalogue of the Lucanoid Coleoptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., F. R. S., & c., President of the Entomological Society of London, together with descriptions of the new species therein contained. J. C. Bridgewater, London. 31 pp." type="book" year="1845">Westwood 1845</bibRefCitation>
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) / det. M.J. Paulsen 2007 / Scarabs S.S.Am. Project DB”.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BCFF00FC41FEB2" blockId="4.[199,1436,152,399]" box="[199,962,248,271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E119CFF9D322212BCFF00FC41FEB2" box="[199,962,248,271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D322212BCFF00FE43FEB2" ID-CoL="6QP45" authority="Hope" authorityName="Hope" box="[199,448,248,271]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
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<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BCFF00FE03FEB2" box="[199,384,248,271]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Lucanus bacchus</emphasis>
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Hope
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACF10A3FF9D32221399FF00FD43FEB2" author="Westwood" box="[482,704,248,271]" page="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" year="1845">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9D32221399FF00FD1BFEB2" author="Westwood" box="[482,664,248,271]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1845) A catalogue of the Lucanoid Coleoptera in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, M. A., F. R. S., & c., President of the Entomological Society of London, together with descriptions of the new species therein contained. J. C. Bridgewater, London. 31 pp." type="book" year="1845">Westwood, 1845</bibRefCitation>
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: 26
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</treatmentCitation>
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. (original combination).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BCFEE0FD7CFE92" blockId="4.[199,1436,152,399]" box="[199,767,280,303]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E119CFF9D322212BCFEE0FD7CFE92" box="[199,767,280,303]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D322212BCFEE0FDC5FE92" ID-CoL="37CRZ" authority="Dejean, 1833: 174" authorityName="Dejean" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1833" box="[199,582,280,303]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chilensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BCFEE0FEFBFE92" box="[199,376,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Dorcus chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF10A3FF9D32221304FEE0FDC5FE92" author="Dejean" box="[383,582,280,303]" page="174" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" year="1833">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9D32221304FEE0FD92FE92" author="Dejean" box="[383,529,280,303]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Dejean, P. F. M. A. (1833) Catalogue des Coleopteres de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean, livraison 1. Pp. 1 - 96. Mequignon-Marvis, Paris. 828 pp." type="book chapter" year="1833">Dejean, 1833</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 174
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221022FEE0FD6CFE92" box="[601,751,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BCFEC0FB24FE32" blockId="4.[199,1436,152,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7E119CFF9D322212BCFEC0FB24FE32" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D322212BCFEC0FD17FEF2" ID-CoL="37CRH" authority="F. Philippi, 1859: 656" authorityName="F. Philippi" authorityPageNumber="656" authorityYear="1859" box="[199,660,312,335]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Dorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BCFEC0FE1AFEF2" box="[199,409,312,335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Dorcus bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACF10A3FF9D322213D8FEC0FD17FEF2" author="Philippi" box="[419,660,312,335]" page="656" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" year="1859">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9D322213D8FEC0FDDFFEF2" author="Philippi" box="[419,604,312,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Philippi, F. H. E. (1859) Algunas especies nuevas de coleopteros de la provincia de Valdivia. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 16, 656 - 678." type="journal article" year="1859">F. Philippi, 1859</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 656
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (synonym). No
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9D32221136FEC0FCF8FEF2" box="[845,891,312,335]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material is present in the MNNC or the National Museum in Prague, where some Philippi
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9D322210FBFEA0FD3BFED2" box="[640,696,344,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">types</typeStatus>
|
||
are located. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9D3222110AFEA0FC1CFED2" box="[881,927,344,367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is presumably lost. The synonymy of the taxon is clear from the original description and the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D58810FF9D322211E2FE80FC6EFE32" box="[921,1005,376,399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is not warranted.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF9D322212ECFE47FC3EFB47" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212ECFE47FC3EFB47" blockId="4.[151,1437,447,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212ECFE47FEABFE64" bold="true" box="[151,296,447,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221343FE38FEFCFE64" box="[312,383,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Males</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D322213E9FE38FE59FE67" box="[402,474,448,474]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) n= 339.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D3222102AFE38FD37FE64" box="[593,692,448,473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Females</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D322210BDFE38FC8CFE67" box="[710,783,448,474]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) n= 302.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322211FEFE47FC6AFE64" bold="true" box="[901,1001,447,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Length:</emphasis>
|
||
20.9 – 35.4 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322216BAFE47FA99FE64" bold="true" box="[1217,1306,447,473]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Width:</emphasis>
|
||
9.1 – 14.5 mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212AEFE1FFE9FFDBC" bold="true" box="[213,284,487,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Color</emphasis>
|
||
: Black, surface alutaceous, weakly shiny.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221162FE1FFC04FDBC" bold="true" box="[793,903,487,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Vestiture</emphasis>
|
||
: Apparently glabrous dorsally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D3222177FFE1FFAD3FDBC" bold="true" box="[1284,1360,487,513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Head:</emphasis>
|
||
Frons more or less flat, weakly excavated anteromedially, excavation parabolic; sparsely to moderately punctate; punctures fine to moderate, becoming larger and more dense anteriorly and laterally, punctation markedly stronger and denser in female. Temporal process strongly developed laterally; process straight anteriorly and subtriangular in major males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D32221387FD70FDC4FD1F" box="[508,583,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 5" captionStartId="6.[151,269,1970,1994]" captionTargetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,135,1969]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 5. Dorsal habitus of Apterodorcus species: 2) A. bacchus, major male; 3) A. tristis, major male; 4) A. bacchus, female; 5) A. tristis, female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male majors with mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D322211B9FD70FB8AFD1F" box="[962,1033,648,674]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
a) usually as long as head, curved abruptly before apex, apices bifurcate with teeth acute; internally near middle with two obtuse teeth; dorsally with large basal tooth coplanar with dorsal surface (tooth directed posteriorly in male majors). Moderately developed males and male minors with mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D3222117FFCF8FCDBFCA7" box="[772,856,768,794]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
b, 6c) similar to male major but overall smaller, dorsal tooth directed internally or reduced to gibbosity. Female with mandibles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D32221611FCD0FB30FCFF" box="[1130,1203,808,834]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 7" captionStartId="7.[151,269,1576,1600]" captionTargetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 7. Mandibular development in 6) Apterodorcus bacchus and 7) A. tristis, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
d) flat dorsally, not expanded laterally at base.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D3222139AFCB7FDE9FCD4" bold="true" box="[481,618,847,873]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Pronotum:</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior angle obtuse, sides widest in anterior third (major males), parallel (minor males, some females) to rounded (most females) to weak angulation in basal third, straight from angulation to posterior angle. Surface punctate; punctures moderate on disc, becoming finer near midline, becoming larger and coalescing near margins. Margins beaded (bead obsolete anteromedially), weakly shiny; anterior margin of female with two shining tubercles; tubercles may be weakly indicated in major males; pubescence along anterior margin usually indistinct (more prominent in females), testaceous.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D3222173EFBEFFF51FBE4" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Scutellum:</emphasis>
|
||
Form parabolic. Size not reduced, rarely depressed below level of elytra.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221627FBC7FB2FFBE4" bold="true" box="[1116,1196,1087,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: Surface somewhat shiny, lacking obvious scales, weakly striate, punctate; punctures fine on disc, becoming larger and coalescing laterally and basally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322213F6FB77FE5FFB14" bold="true" box="[397,476,1167,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
: Brachypterous in both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D3222113EFB68FC08FB17" box="[837,907,1168,1194]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[472,1115,736,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Wings and male genitalia of Apterodorcus species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of A. bacchus male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of A. tristis male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of A. bacchus; 11) Male genitalia of A. tristis. Scale bars indicate 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322211D9FB77FC65FB14" bold="true" box="[930,998,1167,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Mesotibiae and metatibiae with large external tooth, 1–2 smaller teeth proximally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322210DFFB4FFCE4FB6C" bold="true" box="[676,871,1207,1233]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Male Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Form simple (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D32221669FB40FBE9FB6F" box="[1042,1130,1208,1234]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 11" captionStartId="8.[151,269,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[472,1115,736,1752]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 11. Wings and male genitalia of Apterodorcus species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of A. bacchus male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of A. tristis male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of A. bacchus; 11) Male genitalia of A. tristis. Scale bars indicate 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221605FB4FFAD7FB6C" bold="true" box="[1150,1364,1207,1233]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Female Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Similar to other sclerostomines. Illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF9D322210FDFB18FC3AFB47" author="Weinreich" box="[646,953,1248,1274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Weinreich, E. (1960) Revision sudamerikanischer Lucanidae (Ins. Col.), II. Die Gattungen Charagmophorus, Metadorcus, Scortizus, Apterodorcus, Beneshius, Sclerostomus und Pycnosiphorus. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41, 41 - 95." type="journal article" year="1960">Weinreich (1960: Fig. 68)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF9D322212BDFAFFFF4AFA7F" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BDFAFFFF4AFA7F" blockId="4.[151,1437,447,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BDFAFFFEC5FA9C" bold="true" box="[198,326,1287,1313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9D32221090FAF0FCD3FA9C" box="[747,848,1288,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221090FAF0FCD3FA9C" box="[747,848,1288,1313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">A. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: Surface generally shinier; lacking distinct band of orange setae along anterior pronotal margin; male mandibles with basal tooth large, coplanar with dorsal surface, and usually directed posteriorly; mesotibiae and metatibiae with 1–2 smaller teeth proximal to large external tooth; females with anterior pronotal margin bituberculate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF9D322212BDFA37FD4EF987" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BDFA37FD41FA57" blockId="4.[151,1437,447,1994]" box="[198,706,1487,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BDFA37FEDCFA54" bold="true" box="[198,351,1487,1513]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF9D32221314FA28FE37FA57" box="[367,436,1488,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1831,1855]" captionTargetBox="[415,1171,197,1807]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[415,1171,194,1807]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Apterodorcus species: A. bacchus (circles), and A. tristis (triangles). Regions of Chile indicated by Roman numeral, provinces of Argentina by postal code (Q = Neuquén, U = Chubut, R = Río Negro)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274580/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9D322213B6FA28FDC2FA57" box="[461,577,1488,1514]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9D32221001FA28FD3EFA57" box="[634,701,1488,1514]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BDFA0FFD4EF987" blockId="4.[151,1437,447,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BDFA0FFEECF9AC" bold="true" box="[198,367,1527,1553]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Locality data</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D68FD3BFF9D322213F9FA00FDB0F9AF" box="[386,563,1528,1554]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="generic">641 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined from CASC, CMNC, CNCI, CSCA, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, JMEC, MJPC, MNNC, PVGH, UNSM, USNM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF9D322E12BDF9BFFD53FE1F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BDF9BFFE89F90F" blockId="4.[151,1437,447,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BDF9BFFEFAF9DC" bold="true" box="[198,377,1607,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9D322212BDF9BFFEFAF9DC" box="[198,377,1607,1633]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(29):
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322213BEF9BFFDB6F9DC" bold="true" box="[453,565,1607,1633]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Neuquén</emphasis>
|
||
(21): Lago Lolog (6); Pucará (3); San Martín de los Andes (3); No data (9).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212B3F997FECBF934" bold="true" box="[200,328,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Río Negro</emphasis>
|
||
(4): Bariloche (1); El Bolsón (2); El Manso (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322211FCF997FC64F934" bold="true" box="[903,999,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Chubut</emphasis>
|
||
(4): El Turbio (1); Epuyén (2); Lago Puelo (1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9D322212BDF947FA18F877" blockId="4.[151,1437,447,1994]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D322212BDF947FEA6F964" bold="true" box="[198,293,1727,1753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9D322212BDF947FEA6F964" box="[198,293,1727,1753]" name="Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">CHILE</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(612).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221302F947FD0BF964" bold="true" box="[377,648,1727,1753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">VII Región del Maule</emphasis>
|
||
(51): Reserva Nacional Altos del Lircay (1); Altos de Vilches (13); Estero de Leiva (6); Fundo Malcho (5); Reserva Nacional Los Queules (21); Río Teno, Curicó (3); Tregualemu (5).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9D32221325F8F7FDFDF894" bold="true" box="[350,638,1807,1833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">VIII Región del Biobío</emphasis>
|
||
(54): Alto Caicupil (1); Atacalco (1); Caramavida (1); Cerro Caracol, Concepción (2); Cordillera Chillán (1); Cordillera Nahuelbuta (2); Chacay, Cerro Nahuelbuta (1); Concepción (4); Contulmo (1); Fundo
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9D3222104DF898FD2EF8C7" box="[566,685,1888,1914]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(3); Fundo Los Cipreses (1); La Invernada (2); Las Comadres (6); Las Trancas (2); Mulchen (2); Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta (7); Puente Marchant (9); Quillón, Cerro Cayumanqui (2); Recinto, E of Chillán (4);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9D322210ECF848FC8CF877" box="[663,783,1968,1994]" name="Saint Pierre and Miquelon" pageId="4" pageNumber="25">San Pedro</collectingCountry>
|
||
de la Periquita, Concepción (1); Termas de Chillán (3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663AFF9C322312ECF8DFFAAFF8DC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274580/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" targetBox="[415,1171,197,1807]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9C322312ECF8DFFAAFF8DC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1831,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9C322312ECF8DFFE99F882" bold="true" box="[151,282,1831,1855]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9C322313B3F8D0FDD4F882" box="[456,599,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9C322313B3F8D0FDD4F882" box="[456,599,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Apterodorcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9C322310C0F8D0FCB2F882" box="[699,817,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9C322310C0F8D0FCB2F882" box="[699,817,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(circles), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9C322311B7F8D0FBABF882" box="[972,1064,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9C322311B7F8D0FBABF882" box="[972,1064,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">A. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles). Regions of Chile indicated by Roman numeral, provinces of Argentina by postal code (Q = Neuquén, U = Chubut, R = Río Negro).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9C322E12ECF86DFC97FEEF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1941,2007]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1436,152,698]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9C322312ECF86DFE6DF812" bold="true" box="[151,494,1941,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">IX Región de La Araucanía</emphasis>
|
||
(211):
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF9C3223103AF86DFD09F812" box="[577,650,1941,1967]" name="Angola" pageId="5" pageNumber="26">Angól</collectingCountry>
|
||
(2); Bellavista, Lago Villarrica (1); “Cautín” (1); Cherquenco (12); Cunco (73); Curacautín (6); El Cañi Reserve (2); Flor del Lago Ranch (-39º 12.278’, -72º 8.3’) (10); Huichahue (15); Laguna Malleco (20); Manzanares (2); Monumento Natural Contulmo (3); Parque Nacional Huerquehue (4); Parque Nacional Nahuelbuta (5); Pucón,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF9E32211137F941FC12F96E" box="[844,913,1721,1747]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.609344" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="mi" value="10.0">10 mi</quantity>
|
||
NE (8); Puesco, Parque Nacional Villarrica (2); Rari-Ruca (1); Río Trancura (2); Selva Oscura, Curacautín (1); Temuco (3); Temuco,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF9E322116B3F919FAC3F946" box="[1224,1344,1761,1787]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">20–22 km</quantity>
|
||
E (19); Victoria (1); Victoria,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF9E322113E1F8F1FE57F89E" box="[410,468,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
W (4); Victoria, Inspector Fernández (3); Villarrica (8); Villarrica,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF9E3221169FF8F1FAADF89E" box="[1252,1326,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
NE (15); No data (3).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9E32211351F8C8FDCAF8F7" bold="true" box="[298,585,1840,1866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">X Región de Los Lagos</emphasis>
|
||
(109): Ahoni Alto, Chiloé (1); Anticura, Parque Nacional Puyehue (37); Chanquin, Parque Nacional Chiloé (1); Chepu, Chiloé (2); Chiloé (2); Cochamo,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF9E32211636F8A1FB0AF8CE" box="[1101,1161,1881,1907]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
E (2); Colonia Yungay, Chiloé (1); Dalcahue, Chiloé (2); Ensenada (1); Lago Chapo (6); Lago Llanquihue (1); Lago Yelcho (1); Las Lomas, Llanquihue (1); Maullín (2); Palena (2); Parque Nacional Vicente Pérez Rosales (La Picada, Refugio, Volcán Osorno) (9); Peulla (1); Piruquina, Chiloé (1); Puerto Varas (2); Pucatrihue (10); Purranque,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF9E32211755F829FAFAF856" box="[1326,1401,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
W (8); Puyehue,
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF91322E1345FF60FE36FF0F" box="[318,437,152,178]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 km</quantity>
|
||
E (6); Río Bueno, Osorno (4); Quellón, Chiloé (3); Ralún, Río Cuarteles (1); Terao, Chiloé (1); No data (1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E13CFFF47FD61FF64" bold="true" box="[436,738,191,217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">XIV Región de Los Ríos</emphasis>
|
||
(47): Chihuio (1); Corral (9); Bosque Santa Rosa, Valdivia (1); Fundo Caupolican, Valdivia (2); Huellelhue (2); Lago Pellaifa (1); Las Trancas, La Unión (1); Liquiñe (1); Los Lagos (1); Neltume (1); Niebla (2); Llancahue (5); Panguipulli (3); Pirihueico (8); Riñihue (2); Santo
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3797622FF91322E12ECFEC0FE85FEEF" box="[151,262,312,338]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Domingo</collectingCountry>
|
||
de Valdivia (8); Valdivia (4).
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E101FFECFFD45FEEC" bold="true" box="[612,710,311,337]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">No data</emphasis>
|
||
(114).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663AFF9F322012ECF84AFD83F856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274581/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[153,1396,195,1969]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9F322012ECF84AFD83F856" blockId="6.[151,1436,1970,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9F322012ECF84AFEC0F877" bold="true" box="[151,323,1970,1994]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">FIGURES 2–5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9F32201071F84AFD1AF874" box="[522,665,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9F32201071F84AFD1AF874" box="[522,665,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">Apterodorcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: 2)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9F32201162F84AFC16F874" box="[793,917,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9F32201162F84AFC12F874" box="[793,913,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">A. bacchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
major male; 3)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9F3220163AF84AFB21F874" box="[1089,1186,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9F3220163AF84AFB1DF874" box="[1089,1182,1970,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">A. tristis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
major male; 4)
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9F32201735F84AFF4DF851" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9F32201735F84AFF49F851" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Lucanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">A. bacchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
female; 5)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9F32201333F82DFE20F851" box="[328,419,2005,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9F32201333F82DFE20F851" box="[328,419,2005,2028]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="27">A. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663AFF9E322112ECF9D0FCBAF9DF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274582/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" targetBox="[181,1386,216,1540]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF9E322112ECF9D0FCBAF9DF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1576,1634]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9E322112ECF9D0FEC0F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,323,1576,1600]" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">FIGURES 6–7.</emphasis>
|
||
Mandibular development in 6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9E322110EDF9D1FC00F9FD" box="[662,899,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9E322110EDF9D1FC00F9FD" box="[662,899,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">Apterodorcus bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 7)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF9E322111AEF9D1FBACF9FD" box="[981,1071,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF9E322111AEF9D1FBACF9FD" box="[981,1071,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="28">A. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shown for each species: a) major male, b) moderately developed male, c) minor male, d) female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF91322E12BDFEA7FD53FE1F" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E12BDFEA7FE04FEC4" bold="true" box="[198,391,351,377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Temporal data.</emphasis>
|
||
January (177), February (130), March (8), April (14), May (1), June (2), October (21), November (39), December (117). No data (131).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3746539FF91322F12BDFE57FEC2FEC7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF91322E12BDFE57FD84FD07" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E12BDFE57FEBCFE74" bold="true" box="[198,319,431,457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This flightless species has a broad distribution from northern Maule to Los Lagos region, a distance of almost 1,000 kilometers. It has been found from elevations near sea level to
|
||
<quantity id="4C969B57FF91322E16FFFE20FB62FE4F" box="[1156,1249,472,498]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
|
||
. We believe the northernmost populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E1390FDF8FDEFFDA4" box="[491,620,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E1390FDF8FDEFFDA4" box="[491,620,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are represented by a single specimen from “Río Teno, Curicó” in the northern part of VII Region. Our previous collecting has indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E11A9FDD0FBD1FDFC" box="[978,1106,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E11A9FDD0FBD1FDFC" box="[978,1106,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not present in the vicinity of Reserva Privada Alto Huemul, in southern VI Region. A few specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E1656FDA8FB2CFDD4" box="[1069,1199,592,617]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E1656FDA8FB2CFDD4" box="[1069,1199,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were examined that were labeled from localities near Santiago, but we have not collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E11AFFD80FBD5FD2C" box="[980,1110,632,657]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E11AFFD80FBD5FD2C" box="[980,1110,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
north of central Maule and believe the labels were in error.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF11663AFF91322E12ECF908FDE0F8F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274583/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[482,1108,744,1740]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF91322E12ECF908FDE0F8F0" blockId="8.[151,1435,1776,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E12ECF908FECDF8B5" bold="true" box="[151,334,1776,1800]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">FIGURES 8–11.</emphasis>
|
||
Wings and male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E10FCF909FC95F8B5" box="[647,790,1777,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E10FCF909FC95F8B5" box="[647,790,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Apterodorcus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: 8) Brachypterous right wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E16B3F909FABEF8B5" box="[1224,1341,1777,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E16B3F909FABEF8B5" box="[1224,1341,1777,1800]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">A. bacchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male; 9) Brachypterous right wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E13B1F8EBFDA7F897" box="[458,548,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E13B1F8EBFDA7F897" box="[458,548,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">A. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male, with right elytron for scale. 10) Male genitalia of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E1600F8EBFB7AF897" box="[1147,1273,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E1600F8EBFB72F897" box="[1147,1265,1811,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Apterodorcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacchus">A. bacchus</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
11) Male genitalia of
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E1293F8CEFEC9F8F0" box="[232,330,1846,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E1293F8CEFEC6F8F0" box="[232,325,1846,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Lucanidae" genus="Sclerostomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">A. tristis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bars indicate 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD136B2FF91322F12BDF879FEC2FEC7" blockId="8.[151,1437,1921,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,378]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">
|
||
We have observed adults in the earth under logs in Nahuelbuta, and feeding on sap from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF91322E16ADF879FADEF827" box="[1238,1373,1921,1946]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF91322E16ADF879FADEF827" box="[1238,1373,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees in several localities (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13552A37FF91322E13F6F851FE66F87E" box="[397,485,1961,1987]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1594,1618]" captionTargetBox="[472,1115,714,1569]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[472,1115,714,1570]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 12. Female A. bacchus feeding at sap flow on Nothofagus near Chillán, VIII Region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274584/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="29">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), both during the day and at night. In some areas, such as the Maulino forest of Reserva Nacional Los Queules, adults are commonly encountered walking during the day.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF91322E16A3F829FAE5F856" author="Ruiz" box="[1240,1382,2001,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Ruiz, F. (1924) Notas biologicas sobre algunos insectos chilenos. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, (8), 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="1924">Ruiz (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the collection of a few hundred specimens from several wounded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F167FFF60FB08FF0C" box="[1028,1163,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F167FFF60FB08FF0C" box="[1028,1163,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Nothofagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees, but his observations lack credibility inasmuch as his larval observations appear to refer to a species of moth,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F168CFF38FE90FEBC" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" genus="Chilecomadia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valdiviana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91AEAA0FF90322F168CFF38FE90FEBC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="30">Chilecomadia valdiviana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F135DFF10FE39FEBF" box="[294,442,232,258]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6E4D31FF90322F13B2FF10FDBBFEBF" box="[457,568,232,258]" class="Insecta" family="Cossidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cossidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Furthermore, the female illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF4B43FF90322F1652FF10FB39FEBF" author="Ruiz" box="[1065,1210,232,258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="32" refString="Ruiz, F. (1924) Notas biologicas sobre algunos insectos chilenos. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, (8), 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="1924">Ruiz (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is in fact a major male. Nevertheless, he indicated that no male fighting was observed despite the large number of beetles, and that mating was occurring at the sap flows. Interestingly, Ruiz indicated that man-made tree wounds did not attract beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |