296 lines
38 KiB
XML
296 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="8F60C3F1DED1A86B948E28073D6F41F1" ID-CLB-Dataset="27418" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4560.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="eb1ba75d-e187-4213-a415-2e4def3001f3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2627707" ID-ZooBank="C9DEC044-A0B0-446F-9DC3-6EF828C3FB9D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554322835180" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Agudelo, Antonio A., Maldaner, Caroline & Rafael, José A." docDate="2019" docId="038C87BFFFCE481BFF40F95EFEC8AF45" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4560.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4560 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Metacanthops Agudelo & Maldaner 2019, gen. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FFB5FFC7FFCF4818FFD7FFC0FFF4AB12" masterDocTitle="Dry leaf or twig mantis? A new genus and species of Acanthopidae with sexually dimorphic cryptic strategies (Insecta: Mantodea)" masterLastPageNumber="344" masterPageNumber="331" pageNumber="332" updateTime="1698718170813" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="F4C68D8C64AEC37C9B3DE062BE24DBA1" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="27E9DD56AC099EAF64DAB8399729E7B2">
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<mods:title id="224C9513F4A73BE565AF75CC3EAFD0CD">Dry leaf or twig mantis? A new genus and species of Acanthopidae with sexually dimorphic cryptic strategies (Insecta: Mantodea)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CFA9549066311501304C63180739BC8A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B2D750A396AFB1D8BFFBCC609C232524">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="10F2CC342DC97DB145730B701A0F841A">Agudelo, Antonio A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="6B81A0B28EB3D93F82CDDBE5DE933876" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5362F7A63158E6C6CCE7C742951E030B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="39EC5435CE5764E70A1C3A03AA18651E">Maldaner, Caroline</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="60D08CCBFFB8455FD0648355E62B152A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="62A962559F2179BD7042D5E8012F27C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="72999735522897E72B384C9D95275F87">Rafael, José A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="402272C6864EC842E27B5876CC3A1118">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1610DD548B9C80987184650847D3F07D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A768B092E7412F861406E691F350462B">
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<mods:date id="B180E3A799372CD6E8248868A216401B">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="02BF0A1B5253CD94E53D6D44954448F8">2019-02-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C2A322B60614385E71DCE59EC9EC2157">4560</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D4E7A776D6A86DB0D97EEB4D51AF9C47" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="B521B2DD16ED7460A965F20A8C930110">2</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="FF5D0E16DBBCB497440E664B031EDC4D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A7870FE27AF61DD81189A9159E2F6080" type="CLB-Dataset">27418</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F1B738E6EE594072298095754730198C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4560.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DDFB3BD112869C23D3A54FB353E61EFE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038C87BFFFCE481BFF40F95EFEC8AF45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941105" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154532991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941105" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87BFFFCE481BFF40F95EFEC8AF45" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87BFFFCE481BFF40F95EFEC8AF45" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<subSubSection id="C33F6522FFCE4819FF40F95EFD59ADAA" box="[151,685,1694,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCE4819FF40F95EFD59ADAA" blockId="1.[151,685,1694,1720]" box="[151,685,1694,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<heading id="D0D281C5FFCE4819FF40F95EFD59ADAA" bold="true" box="[151,685,1694,1720]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCE4819FF40F95EFD59ADAA" bold="true" box="[151,685,1694,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCE4819FF40F95EFDA0ADAA" ID-CoL="8QQ3S" authority="Agudelo & Maldaner" authorityName="Agudelo & Maldaner" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,596,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metacanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCE4819FF40F95EFEB6ADAA" bold="true" box="[151,322,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Metacanthops</emphasis>
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Agudelo & Maldaner
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C0FFCE4819FD8CF95EFD59ADAA" box="[603,685,1694,1720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" rank="genus">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6522FFCE4819FF40F925FD72ADE9" box="[151,646,1765,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCE4819FF40F925FD72ADE9" blockId="1.[151,646,1765,1787]" box="[151,646,1765,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCE4819FF40F925FED1ADE9" bold="true" box="[151,293,1765,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<typeStatus id="549E880BFFCE4819FF40F925FF38ADE9" box="[151,204,1765,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCE4819FEFCF925FD72ADE9" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[299,646,1765,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCE4819FEFCF925FDFEADE9" box="[299,522,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Acanthops amazonica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCE4819FDC6F925FD72ADE9" author="Beier, M." box="[529,646,1765,1787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref7857" refString="Beier, M. (1930) Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Sammelreise nach Brasilien, insbesondere in das Amazonasgebiet, ausgefuhrt von Dr. H. Zerny. Annalen Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 44, 27 - 32." type="journal article" year="1930">Beier, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6522FFCE481AFF40F8E7FB72ABC7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCE481AFF40F8E7FB72ABC7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1831,2037]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="333" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCE4819FF40F8E7FEE7AC52" bold="true" box="[151,275,1831,1856]" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Male habitus similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCE4819FDA6F8E7FD36AC52" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[625,706,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCE4819FDA6F8E7FD36AC52" box="[625,706,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="332">Metilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but entirely brown. Body length
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<quantity id="4CDD9B4CFFCE4819FBEBF8E7FB43AC2D" box="[1084,1207,1831,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="332" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="23.0">23–35 mm</quantity>
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. Males resembling a dry leaf, whereas females resemble a twig. Eyes slightly conical, with a small, apical wart. Vertex with arched apex, higher than eyes, and tuberculated in females. Head and pronotum smooth in males, with multiple tubercles in females. Prothoracic femora with 6 posteroventral spines, rarely with 5 or 7 on one femur. Prothoracic tibiae with 20–21 posteroventral spines with darkened apex, and 15–17 anteroventral spines. Mesothoracic wings shorter than metathoracic ones at resting, both are longer than abdomen in males but shorter in females, costal vein sinuous and excavated in the male. Lateral abdominal expansions of males of moderate size, in general, both sexes lack prominent lobes. Cerci cylindrical, distal cercomere conical, with a concave area dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6522FFCD481AFF10FF1FFB58AA2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCD481AFF10FF1FFB58AA2D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFF10FF1FFEBCABEA" bold="true" box="[199,328,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Etymology</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFE8FFF1FFE02ABEA" box="[344,502,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Metacanthops</emphasis>
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is a name with an intentionally ambiguous origin, resulting from the fusion of the Greek prefix
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFEFBFEC5FE96AA0E" box="[300,354,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">meta</emphasis>
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= µετά, meaning
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFDFCFEC4FD88AA0F" box="[555,636,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">beyond</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFD6DFEC4FCC4AA0F" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[698,816,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFD6DFEC4FCC4AA0F" box="[698,816,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Acanthops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, genus to which the species was initially assigned. The generic epithet also results from the fusion of “
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFD71FEE9FD25AA52" box="[678,721,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Met</emphasis>
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” (in reference to
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFC40FEE7FC1CAA52" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[919,1000,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFC40FEE7FC1CAA52" box="[919,1000,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Metilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFBF9FEE7FB50AA52" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[1070,1188,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFBF9FEE7FB50AA52" box="[1070,1188,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Acanthops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5A6621FFCD481AFF40F8F1FEA3ACF2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627709/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" startId="2.[151,264,1841,1863]" targetBox="[183,1408,375,1822]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCD481AFF40F8F1FEA3ACF2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1841,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFF40F8F1FECFAC55" bold="true" box="[151,315,1841,1863]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
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Cryptic strategies in
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFDC0F8F1FD5CAC55" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1838" box="[535,680,1841,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acanthopidae</taxonomicName>
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: 1,
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFD1AF8F1FCE2AC55" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[717,790,1841,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFD1AF8F1FCE2AC55" box="[717,790,1841,1863]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Metilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., a male with partially decaying, dry-leaf habitus (specimen from Novo Airão, Amazonas State, Brazil—Photo by Antonio Agudelo); 2:
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFC75F890FC1FAC74" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[930,1003,1872,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFC75F890FC1FAC74" box="[930,1003,1872,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Metilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., a female with partially decaying, dryleaf habitus (specimen from Ecuador—Photo by Andreas Key); 3,
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFC99F8AEFBDAAC96" authorityName="Agudelo & Maldaner & Rafael" authorityYear="2019" box="[846,1070,1902,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metacanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscum">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFC99F8AEFBDAAC96" box="[846,1070,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Metacanthops fuscum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFBE9F8AEFB8EAC96" bold="true" box="[1086,1146,1902,1924]" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">n. sp.</emphasis>
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), a male with fully dry-leaf habitus (specimen from Reserva Cuieiras, ZF2, Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil—Photo by Antonio Agudelo); 4,
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCD481AFF40F86CFEC9ACD0" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,317,1964,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Pseudacanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCD481AFF40F86CFEC9ACD0" box="[151,317,1964,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="333">Pseudacanthops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp., a female resembling a lichenous twig (specimen from Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil—Photo by Antonio Agudelo).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6522FFCC481BFF10FF57FEC8AF45" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCC481BFF10FF57FB35A972" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF10FF57FECFABA2" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFE91FF57FE11ABA2" box="[326,485,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFD51FF57FD23ABA2" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[646,727,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFD51FF57FD23ABA2" box="[646,727,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having uniformly brown forewings, whereas the same in
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFF40FF7CFF1CABC7" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,232,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF40FF7CFF1CABC7" box="[151,232,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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vary from dark green to yellow. However, it is in the head where conspicuous differences between
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<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF40FF1FFEC2ABEA" box="[151,310,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFEA4FF1FFE30ABEA" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[371,452,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFEA4FF1FFE30ABEA" box="[371,452,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and between them and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFD30FF1FFCA9ABEA" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[743,861,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFD30FF1FFCA9ABEA" box="[743,861,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A2CFFCC481BFBE0FF1FFB30ABEA" box="[1079,1220,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–22" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[355,1237,414,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[350,1237,409,1526]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–22. Summary of key morphological features to distinguish Acanthops and Metilia from Metacanthops: 13, head of Acanthops erosula, female (laterofrontal view); 14, head of Metilia sp., female (laterofrontal view); 15, Head of Metacanthops fuscum n. sp., female (laterofrontal view); 16, head of Metilia sp., male (frontal view); 17, head of Metacanthops fuscum, male (frontal view); 18, pronotum of Metacanthops fuscum, female (dorsal view),19: pronotum of Metilia sp., female (dorsal view); 20, male phallic complex of Metilia sp.; 21: male phallic complex of Metacanthops fuscum n. sp; 22: male phallic complex of Metacanthops amazonica n. comb. Abbreviations: right epiphallus (rph); basisclerite (bscl); left epiphallus (lph); titillator (ti); pseudophallus (psph); hypophallus (hph); apophysis (apo). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627715/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Figs. 13–22</figureCitation>
|
||
). For instance, the compound eyes of
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFEBEFEC4FDF3AA0F" box="[361,519,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
are only slightly conical and bear a small apical wart, whereas the same in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFA9CFEC4FA68AA0F" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[1355,1436,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFA9CFEC4FA68AA0F" box="[1355,1436,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFF11FEE7FEC8AA52" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[198,316,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF11FEE7FEC8AA52" box="[198,316,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are strongly conical with a more developed apical wart; the vertex of
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFB98FEE7FB1AAA52" box="[1103,1262,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
rises above the compound eyes, in the males it has distinct undulations in its central area and conspicuous juxtaocular process in females (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A2CFFCC481BFF2AFEAFFE70AA9A" box="[253,388,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–22" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[355,1237,414,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[350,1237,409,1526]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–22. Summary of key morphological features to distinguish Acanthops and Metilia from Metacanthops: 13, head of Acanthops erosula, female (laterofrontal view); 14, head of Metilia sp., female (laterofrontal view); 15, Head of Metacanthops fuscum n. sp., female (laterofrontal view); 16, head of Metilia sp., male (frontal view); 17, head of Metacanthops fuscum, male (frontal view); 18, pronotum of Metacanthops fuscum, female (dorsal view),19: pronotum of Metilia sp., female (dorsal view); 20, male phallic complex of Metilia sp.; 21: male phallic complex of Metacanthops fuscum n. sp; 22: male phallic complex of Metacanthops amazonica n. comb. Abbreviations: right epiphallus (rph); basisclerite (bscl); left epiphallus (lph); titillator (ti); pseudophallus (psph); hypophallus (hph); apophysis (apo). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627715/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Figs. 14–17</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFDC1FEAFFD93AA9A" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[534,615,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFDC1FEAFFD93AA9A" box="[534,615,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFD4BFEAFFCE6AA9A" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[668,786,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFD4BFEAFFCE6AA9A" box="[668,786,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these features are missing.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFB93FEAFFB17AA9A" box="[1092,1251,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
has a robust and tuberculated pronotum, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFE24FE54FDB0AABF" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[499,580,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFE24FE54FDB0AABF" box="[499,580,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the same is relatively narrower and smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A2CFFCC481BFB99FE54FB2FAABE" box="[1102,1243,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–22" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1547,1569]" captionTargetBox="[355,1237,414,1520]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[350,1237,409,1526]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 13–22. Summary of key morphological features to distinguish Acanthops and Metilia from Metacanthops: 13, head of Acanthops erosula, female (laterofrontal view); 14, head of Metilia sp., female (laterofrontal view); 15, Head of Metacanthops fuscum n. sp., female (laterofrontal view); 16, head of Metilia sp., male (frontal view); 17, head of Metacanthops fuscum, male (frontal view); 18, pronotum of Metacanthops fuscum, female (dorsal view),19: pronotum of Metilia sp., female (dorsal view); 20, male phallic complex of Metilia sp.; 21: male phallic complex of Metacanthops fuscum n. sp; 22: male phallic complex of Metacanthops amazonica n. comb. Abbreviations: right epiphallus (rph); basisclerite (bscl); left epiphallus (lph); titillator (ti); pseudophallus (psph); hypophallus (hph); apophysis (apo). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2627715/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Figs. 18, 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of forefemoral posteroventral spines apparently constitutes a good diagnostic character in this case, as we consistently found 6 spines in all studied specimens of
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFDBAFE1CFCF8AAE7" box="[621,780,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
(however, in few rare cases some specimens have 5 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B4CFFCC481BFAA5FE1DFA68AAE7" box="[1394,1436,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
only one of their prothoracic legs), whereas we consistently found 7 forefemoral posteroventral spines across all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFEE4FDE4FE70A92F" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[307,388,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFEE4FDE4FE70A92F" box="[307,388,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(unpublished data). In addition, the margins of tergites V and VI are slightly prominent and rectangular in
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFEEFFD87FE22A972" box="[312,470,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFDB3FD87FD41A972" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[612,693,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFDB3FD87FD41A972" box="[612,693,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
they are dilated, semicircular or subtriangular.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36A9FFCC481BFF10FDACFEC8AF45" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">
|
||
The reliability of certain characters to separate acanthopid genera, such as vertex features, wing shape, abdominal appendages and, particularly, the number of forefemoral spines, have been a matter of controversy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFF49FD74FEBEA9DF" author="Chopard, L." box="[158,330,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="161 - 187" refId="ref8140" refString="Chopard, L. (1916) Etudes des mantides americains de la Colection I Bolivar. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 85, 161 - 187." type="journal article" year="1916">Chopard 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFE8AFD74FDD4A9DE" author="Giglio-Tos, E." box="[349,544,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 707" refId="ref8266" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1927) Orthoptera, Mantidae. Das Tierreich. 50, 1 - 707." type="journal article" year="1927">Giglio-Tos 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFDE5FD74FD42A9DF" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[562,694,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="162 - 272" refId="ref8805" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1935) The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. I. Mantodea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 87, 162 - 272." type="journal article" year="1935">Rehn 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFD1EFD75FCB9A9DF" author="Terra, P." box="[713,845,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="13 - 94" refId="ref9348" refString="Terra, P. (1995) Revisao sistematica dos Generos de Louva-a-Deus da regiao Neotropical (Mantodea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 39 (1), 13 - 94." type="journal article" year="1995">Terra 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFC88FD75FC2DA9DE" author="Roy, R." box="[863,985,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref9026" refString="Roy, R. (2002) Commentaires a`propos du genre Plesiacanthops Chopard, 1913 et redescription de Acanthops tuberculata Saussure, 1870. (Dictyoptera, Mantodea). Revue francaise d'Entomologie, 24, 171 - 177." type="journal article" year="2002">Roy 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFC24FD74FB58A9DF" author="Chopard, L." box="[1011,1196,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="161 - 187" refId="ref8140" refString="Chopard, L. (1916) Etudes des mantides americains de la Colection I Bolivar. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 85, 161 - 187." type="journal article" year="1916">Chopard (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that the diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFE15FD17FD99A9E2" authorityName="Chopard" authorityYear="1913" box="[450,621,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Plesiacanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFE15FD17FD99A9E2" box="[450,621,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Plesiacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFD53FD17FD21A9E2" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[644,725,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFD53FD17FD21A9E2" box="[644,725,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFD3BFD19FC93A9E2" authorityName="Uvarov" authorityYear="1940" box="[748,871,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Decimiana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFD3BFD19FC93A9E2" box="[748,871,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Decimiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, were all of little relevance for making such distinction, and thus he considered these genera merely as "subdivisions" of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFBF5FD3CFB6CA807" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[1058,1176,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFBF5FD3CFB6CA807" box="[1058,1176,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFAF4FD3CFF15A82A" author="Giglio-Tos, E." pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="1 - 707" refId="ref8266" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1927) Orthoptera, Mantidae. Das Tierreich. 50, 1 - 707." type="journal article" year="1927">Giglio-Tos (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFECAFCDFFE58A82A" author="Rehn, J. A. G." box="[285,428,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="162 - 272" refId="ref8805" refString="Rehn, J. A. G. (1935) The Orthoptera of Costa Rica. I. Mantodea. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 87, 162 - 272." type="journal article" year="1935">Rehn (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered that those characters were valid because they are commonly used at genuslevel in other mantodean taxa.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFDDDFC85FD64A84E" author="Roy, R." box="[522,656,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref9026" refString="Roy, R. (2002) Commentaires a`propos du genre Plesiacanthops Chopard, 1913 et redescription de Acanthops tuberculata Saussure, 1870. (Dictyoptera, Mantodea). Revue francaise d'Entomologie, 24, 171 - 177." type="journal article" year="2002">Roy (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently revisited this issue and suggested that the differentiation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFF2BFCA7FEB9A892" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[252,333,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF2BFCA7FEB9A892" box="[252,333,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFE53FCA7FE0EA892" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[388,506,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFE53FCA7FE0EA892" box="[388,506,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be justified based on the number of forefemoral posteroventral spines. For instance, he argued that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFE7DFC4CFD5CA8B7" box="[426,680,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFE7DFC4CFD5CA8B7" box="[426,680,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops tuberculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 7 posteroventral spines, unlike the rest of species in the genus with only 6 spines, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFE03FC70FD98A8DA" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[468,620,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFE03FC70FD98A8DA" box="[468,620,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">A. amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which normally presents 6, but males sometimes having 5 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B4CFFCC481BFAFCFC70FAA2A8DA" box="[1323,1366,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
either forefemur) should be transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFDFFFC14FD8DA8FF" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[552,633,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFDFFFC14FD8DA8FF" box="[552,633,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose species also have 7 spines. Although we agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFACBFC15FA68A8FE" author="Roy, R." box="[1308,1436,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="171 - 177" refId="ref9026" refString="Roy, R. (2002) Commentaires a`propos du genre Plesiacanthops Chopard, 1913 et redescription de Acanthops tuberculata Saussure, 1870. (Dictyoptera, Mantodea). Revue francaise d'Entomologie, 24, 171 - 177." type="journal article" year="2002">Roy (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFF3FFC39FE96AF02" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[232,354,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF3FFC39FE96AF02" box="[232,354,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a member of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFD9CFC37FD35AF02" authorityName="Serville" authorityYear="1831" box="[587,705,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFD9CFC37FD35AF02" box="[587,705,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the newly available evidence suggest that its placement among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFF40FBDCFF1CAF27" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,232,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Metilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF40FBDCFF1CAF27" box="[151,232,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metilia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be reconsidered. Accordingly, we now formally transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2AFFCC481BFC3DFBDCFA8EAF26" authority="Beier, 1930" authorityName="Beier" authorityYear="1930" box="[1002,1402,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Acanthopidae" genus="Acanthops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFC3DFBDCFB12AF26" box="[1002,1254,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Acanthops amazonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B58FFCC481BFB24FBDCFA8EAF26" author="Beier, M." box="[1267,1402,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="334" pagination="27 - 32" refId="ref7857" refString="Beier, M. (1930) Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Sammelreise nach Brasilien, insbesondere in das Amazonasgebiet, ausgefuhrt von Dr. H. Zerny. Annalen Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 44, 27 - 32." type="journal article" year="1930">Beier, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EABBFFCC481BFF40FBFFFEC1AF4A" box="[151,309,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="334">Metacanthops</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |