treatments-xml/data/03/8C/87/038C87BEDB577F40FF735EE1CD06FC7D.xml

<document id="6A27EDD29E659D82DD382444487E5901" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4803.2.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909195" ID-ZooBank="32379908-BED1-40A3-B77D-D43A8BD5FA33" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1593158588459" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Franzese, Sebastian &amp; Ivanov, Veronica A." docDate="2020" docId="038C87BEDB577F40FF735EE1CD06FC7D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4803.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4803 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Semiorbiseptum Franzese &amp; Ivanov 2020, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EC0799C1-96EC-4DF8-932F-2CA0FE2244DD" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="358" masterDocId="FFB5FFC6DB557F43FFE45E00C875FFB6" masterDocTitle="A new genus of Rhinebothriidea from species of Psammobatis (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) off Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="355" pageNumber="357" updateTime="1700277165797" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E785DE53FDA9E63FDF1D94274F5EB837">A new genus of Rhinebothriidea from species of Psammobatis (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) off Argentina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="78180C5C3918FB0A928BE58104926ECA">Franzese, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5FD1C2B30E5C47068C333C9CE9A2EC99">Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina. &amp; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="191ABF940C951AED00937ABBC0D79030">Ivanov, Veronica A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6D87EF72BAA073FD221667FF0ED889C8">Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Buenos Aires, Argentina. &amp; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="9FBB1CCE1D74F10D6687A1C8A1F23543">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7496534AA7F4E86C724CDA6887759340">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D657CF89B8C23B5E5E924BB2D3132CA">4803</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038C87BEDB577F40FF735EE1CD06FC7D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EC0799C1-96EC-4DF8-932F-2CA0FE2244DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87BEDB577F40FF735EE1CD06FC7D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="358" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<subSubSection id="C33F6523DB577F41FF735EE1C9A5FF4A" box="[151,464,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF735EE1C9A5FF4A" blockId="2.[151,464,225,287]" box="[151,464,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<heading id="D0D281C4DB577F41FF735EE1C9A5FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,464,225,252]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF735EE1C9A5FF4A" bold="true" box="[151,464,225,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FF735EE1C92EFF4A" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,347,225,252]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF735EE1C92EFF4A" bold="true" box="[151,347,225,252]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB577F41FE865EE2C9A5FF4A" box="[354,464,226,252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6523DB577F41FF735F05C937FEA9" box="[151,322,261,287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF735F05C937FEA9" blockId="2.[151,464,225,287]" box="[151,322,261,287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
(
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB577F41FF7B5F05C976FEA9" box="[159,259,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB577F41FEEB5F05C94EFEA9" box="[271,315,261,287]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStart-6="FIGURE 8" captionStart-7="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1832,1857]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1841,1866]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1652,1677]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1380,1405]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1718,1743]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,250,1841,1866]" captionStartId-6="11.[151,250,1652,1677]" captionStartId-7="12.[151,250,1632,1657]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1425,185,1799]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetBox-3="[240,1350,607,1303]" captionTargetBox-4="[242,1371,204,1680]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetBox-7="[242,1333,865,1555]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[158,1428,181,1806]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[170,1417,561,1355]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[200,1388,181,1693]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId-6="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1626]" captionTargetId-7="figure@12.[170,1417,813,1607]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="11" captionTargetPageId-7="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Semiorbiseptum mariae sp. nov. from Psammobatis rudis. A. entire worm (holotype MACN-Pa 701); B. scolex (paratype MACN-Pa 704/1); C. bothridium, distal surface; D. terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 702/1); E. detail of the oötype region of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 702/1); F. detail of terminal genitalia of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 702/1); G. egg. Abbreviations: cs. cirrus sac; mg. Mehlis’ gland; oc. oocapt; od. oviduct; ov. ovary; t. testes; ut. uterus; vf. vitelline follicle; vg. vagina; vd. vas deferens; vod. ventral osmorregulatory duct. ▲loculi of the anterior region; * loculi of the central region; ● loculi of the posterior region" captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Semiorbiseptum mariae sp. nov. from Psammobatis rudis, scanning electron micrographs. A. scolex, small letters indicate locations of details shown in figures 3B-G; B. distal bothridial surface; C. detail of bothridial rim; D. proximal bothridial surface; E. surface of the apex of the scolex; F. surface of a stalk; G. surface of the cephalic peduncle; H. surface of a terminal mature proglottid." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Semiorbiseptum mariae sp. nov. from Psammobatis rudis, septal musculature of bothridium. A. longitudinal section of bothridium (paratype MACN-Pa 702/3); B. light micrographs of bothridium (paratype MACN-Pa 703); C. transverse section of bothridium (paratype MACN-Pa 702/4). Abbreviations: l. loculus; lmb. longitudinal muscle bundle; ls. longitudinal septum; rm. radial muscle; ss. semicircular septum; tg. triangular gap; tmb. transverse muscle bundles; ts. transverse septum" captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Semiorbiseptum mariae sp. nov. from Psammobatis rudis, cross sections of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 704/13). A. cross section at level of testes, anterior to cirrus sac; B. cross section at level of the genital pore; C. cross section at level of the cirrus sac; D. cross section at level of the ovarian isthmus. Abbreviations: cs. cirrus sac; dod. dorsal osmorregulatory duct; od. oviduct; ov. ovary; t. testes; ut. uterus; vd. vas deferens; vf. vitelline follicle; vg. vagina; vod. ventral osmorregulatory duct" captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Semiorbiseptum alfredoi sp. nov. from Psammobatis normani. A. entire worm (holotype MACN-Pa 706); B. scolex (holotype MACN-Pa 706); C. bothridium, distal surface; D. terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/1); E. detail of terminal genitalia of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/1); F. detail of oötype region of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/1). Abbreviations: cs. cirrus sac; mg. Mehlis’ gland; oc. oocapt; od. oviduct; ov. ovary; t. testes; ud. utero duct; ut. uterus; vd. vas deferens; vf. vitelline follicle; vg. vagina; vod. ventral osmorregulatory duct. ▲loculi of the anterior region; * loculi of the central region; ● loculi of the posterior region" captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Semiorbiseptum alfredoi sp. nov. from Psammobatis normani, scanning electron micrographs. A. scolex, small letters indicate locations of details shown in figures 7C-G; B. distal bothridial surface; C. detail of distal bothridial surface; D. botrhidial rim; E. proximal bothridial surface; F. surface of the cephalic peduncle; G. surface of a stalk; H. surface of a terminal mature proglottid." captionText-6="FIGURE 8. Semiorbiseptum alfredoi sp. nov. from Psammobatis normani, septal musculature of bothridium. A. longitudinal section of bothridium (paratype MACN-Pa 707/4); B. light micrographs of bothridium (paratype MACN-Pa 707/3); C. transverse section of bothridium (paratype MACN-Pa 707/5). Abbreviations: l. loculus; lmb. longitudinal muscle bundle; ls. Longitudinal septum; rm. radial muscle; ss. semicircular septum; tg. triangular gap; tmb. transverse muscle bundles; ts. transverse septum" captionText-7="FIGURE 9. Semiorbiseptum alfredoi sp. nov. from Psammobatis normani, cross sections of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/3). A. cross section at level of testes, anterior to cirrus sac; B. cross section at level of the genital pore; C. cross section at level of the cirrus sac; D. cross section at level of the ovarian isthmus. Abbreviations: cs. cirrus sac; dod. dorsal osmorregulatory duct; ov. ovary; t. testes; ut. uterus; vd. vas deferens; vf. vitelline follicle; vg. vagina; vod. ventral osmorregulatory duct" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909199" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909201" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909203" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909205" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909207" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909209" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909211" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909213" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3909199/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3909201/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3909203/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3909205/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3909207/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3909209/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3909211/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3909213/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">2–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6523DB577F41FF735F4ECB57FE3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF735F4ECAD0FEDE" blockId="2.[151,1437,333,828]" box="[151,677,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF735F4EC947FEDE" bold="true" box="[151,306,333,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<typeStatus id="549E880ADB577F41FF735F4EC8A7FEDE" box="[151,210,334,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FEDD5F4DCA31FED1" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[313,580,333,359]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mariae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FEDD5F4DCA31FED1" box="[313,580,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Semiorbiseptum mariae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FDAF5F4ECAD0FEDE" bold="true" box="[587,677,334,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB577F41FDAF5F4ECAD0FEDE" box="[587,677,334,360]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF235F71CB57FE3A" blockId="2.[151,1437,333,828]" box="[199,802,369,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF235F71C9D2FE3A" bold="true" box="[199,423,369,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Additional species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FE4A5F71CAB7FE3D" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[430,706,369,395]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alfredoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE4A5F71CAB7FE3D" box="[430,706,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Semiorbiseptum alfredoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD2C5F72CB57FE3A" bold="true" box="[712,802,370,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB577F41FD2C5F72CB57FE3A" box="[712,802,370,396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6523DB577F41FF235F96CB91FE65" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF235F96CB91FE65" blockId="2.[151,1437,333,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF235F96C93BFE06" bold="true" box="[199,334,406,432]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FE2E5F95CA0BFE19" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[458,638,405,431]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE2E5F95CA0BFE19" box="[458,638,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin “semiorbis”, meaning semicircle, referring to the shape of septa present in the central area of the distal bothridial surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6523DB577F41FF235FDDCDE5FC8A" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF235FDDCDE5FC8A" blockId="2.[151,1437,333,828]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF235FDDC937FE4E" bold="true" box="[199,322,477,504]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FEA25FDDC98BFE41" box="[326,510,477,503]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
. Worms euapolytic, proglottids craspedote, non-laciniate. Scolex with four bothridia and cephalic peduncle. Bothridia stalked, with clear anterior-posterior orientation, loculate distal bothridial surface with an anterior column of loculi divided by transverse septa, central semicircular septa and posterior loculi divided by transverse and medial longitudinal septa. Transverse, semicircular and longitudinal septa formed distally by transverse muscle bundles with underlying layer of radial muscle, and proximally by radial muscles with proximal end of fibres adjacent to each other, forming a triangular gap. Testes in two columns anterior to cirrus sac, one layer deep in cross-section. Vas deferens enters cirrus sac dorsally, on its proximal half. Genital pores lateral, irregularly alternating. Cirrus covered with spinitriches. Ovary in posterior end of proglottid. Vagina opening anteriorly to cirrus sac into genital atrium. Vitellarium follicular, vitelline follicles in 2 lateral bands. Uterus saccate medioventral. Two pairs of osmoregulatory ducts. Eggs subspherical. Parasites of 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FC695D21CC51FC8D" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1870" box="[909,1060,801,827]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Psammobatis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FC695D21CC51FC8D" box="[909,1060,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Psammobatis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FBD65D21CCC0FC8D" box="[1074,1205,801,827]" class="Chondrichthyes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Rajiformes</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB5A5D21CDF1FC8A" box="[1214,1412,801,828]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Arhynchobatidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5A6620DB577F41FF735884CC1AF857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" startId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" targetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB577F41FF735884CC1AF857" blockId="2.[151,1437,1668,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF735884C963F92B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1668,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FC145884CCE2F92B" box="[1008,1175,1668,1693]" class="Cestoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="order">Rhinebothriidea</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB475884CCCEF92B" bold="true" box="[1187,1211,1668,1693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB205885CD12F92B" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[1220,1383,1669,1693]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB205885CD12F92B" box="[1220,1383,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FA945885C8B6F977" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB577F41FA945885C8B6F977" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF3758A9C89FF977" bold="true" box="[211,234,1705,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FF1758A9C9ECF977" authorityName="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso" authorityYear="2001" box="[243,409,1705,1729]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anindobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF1758A9C9ECF977" box="[243,409,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Anindobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE4C58A8C9B4F977" bold="true" box="[424,449,1704,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FE2D58A9CC77F977" authority="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001" authorityName="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso" authorityYear="2001" box="[457,1026,1704,1729]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anindobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lisae">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE2D58A9CADDF977" box="[457,680,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Anindobothrium lisae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB577F41FD5458A9CC77F977" author="Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Brooks, D. R. &amp; Lasso, C. A." box="[688,1026,1704,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" pagination="666 - 672" refId="ref10396" refString="Marques, F. P. L., Brooks, D. R. &amp; Lasso, C. A. (2001) Anindobothrium n. gen. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea) inhabiting marine and freshwater potamotrygonid stingrays. Journal of Parasitology, 87, 666 - 672. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 0022 - 3395 (2001) 087 [0666: ANGETI] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FBF458A9CCDAF977" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[1040,1199,1705,1729]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Anthocephalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FBF458A9CCDAF977" box="[1040,1199,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB5A58A9CCA2F977" bold="true" box="[1214,1239,1705,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB3B58A9CD03F977" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[1247,1398,1705,1729]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB3B58A9CD03F977" box="[1247,1398,1705,1729]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FA6158A9CDE9F977" bold="true" box="[1413,1436,1705,1729]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">E.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FF7358CDC959F953" authorityName="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,300,1741,1765]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Barbeaucestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF7358CDC959F953" box="[151,300,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Barbeaucestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FED958CDC925F953" bold="true" box="[317,336,1741,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FEBD58CDC998F953" authorityName="Tan, Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" box="[345,493,1741,1765]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Biotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FEBD58CDC998F953" box="[345,493,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Biotobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE1958CCCA62F953" bold="true" box="[509,535,1740,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">G.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FDC558CDCADEF953" authorityName="Kornyushin &amp; Polyakova" authorityYear="2012" box="[545,683,1741,1765]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Cairaeanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FDC558CDCADEF953" box="[545,683,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Cairaeanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD5F58CDCAA0F953" bold="true" box="[699,725,1741,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FD3A58CDCBE4F953" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1959" box="[734,913,1741,1765]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Clydonobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD3A58CDCBE4F953" box="[734,913,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Clydonobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FC4558CDCBC4F953" bold="true" box="[929,945,1741,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FC5F58CDCC3EF952" authorityName="Eyring, Healy &amp; Reyda" authorityYear="2012" box="[955,1099,1741,1764]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Crassuseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FC5F58CDCC3EF952" box="[955,1099,1741,1764]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Crassuseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FBBE58CDCC18F953" bold="true" box="[1114,1133,1741,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">J.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB9358CDCD5BF953" authorityName="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2017" box="[1143,1326,1741,1765]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Divaricobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB9358CDCD5BF953" box="[1143,1326,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Divaricobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FADA58CDCD2DF953" bold="true" box="[1342,1368,1741,1765]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">K.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FA8558CDCA0FF8BF" authority="Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975" authorityName="Carvajal &amp; Dailey" authorityYear="1975" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="williamsi">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FA8558CDC902F8BF" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Echeneibothrium williamsi</emphasis>
Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD6058F1CAEEF8BF" bold="true" box="[644,667,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">L.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FD4658F1CB30F8BF" authorityName="Berman &amp; Brooks" authorityYear="1994" box="[674,837,1777,1801]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Escherbothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD4658F1CB30F8BF" box="[674,837,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Escherbothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FCB758F1CB07F8BF" bold="true" box="[851,882,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">M.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FC9C58F1CC7CF8BF" authorityName="Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell" authorityYear="2019" box="[888,1033,1777,1801]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Mixobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FC9C58F1CC7CF8BF" box="[888,1033,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Mixobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FBF358F1CC45F8BF" bold="true" box="[1047,1072,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">N.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FBD358F1CC98F8BF" box="[1079,1261,1777,1801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FBD358F1CC9DF8BF" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1963" box="[1079,1256,1777,1801]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Phormobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Phormobothrium</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB1058F0CD7BF8BF" bold="true" box="[1268,1294,1776,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">O.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FAF158F1C8B2F89A" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1850" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FAF158F1C8B2F89A" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Echeneibothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FEEC5916C9FAF89B" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1959" box="[264,399,1813,1837]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="demeusiae">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FEEC5916C9FAF89B" box="[264,399,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">E. demeusiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FE475915CA17F89B" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" box="[419,610,1813,1837]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE475915CA17F89B" box="[419,610,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhabdotobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FD405916CCA5F89B" authority="Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019" authorityName="Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell" authorityYear="2019" box="[676,1232,1812,1837]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="meridionale">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD405916CB4CF89B" box="[676,825,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. meridionale</emphasis>
Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB055915CD0CF89B" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[1249,1401,1813,1837]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB055915CD0CF89B" box="[1249,1401,1813,1837]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FF55593ACA48F8E7" authority="Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988" authorityName="Brooks &amp; Deardorff" authorityYear="1988" box="[177,573,1848,1873]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="devaneyi">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF55593AC95DF8E7" box="[177,296,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. devaneyi</emphasis>
Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FDB55939CA8DF8E7" authorityName="Mayes, Brooks &amp; Thorson" authorityYear="1981" box="[593,760,1849,1873]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FDB55939CA8DF8E7" box="[593,760,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FCD8593ACC95F8E7" authority="(Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976))" baseAuthorityName="Brooks &amp; Thorson" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[828,1248,1848,1873]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="moralarai">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FCD8593ACBCAF8E7" box="[828,959,1849,1873]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. moralarai</emphasis>
(Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976))
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB0E5939CC88F8E7" bold="true" box="[1258,1277,1849,1873]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">P.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FAE05939C8B2F8C2" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FAE05939C8B2F8C2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhabdotobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FEEA595EC98CF8C3" authority="Euzet, 1953" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" box="[270,505,1884,1909]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dollfusi">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FEEA595EC902F8C3" box="[270,375,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. dollfusi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB577F41FE9A595DC98CF8C3" author="Euzet, L." box="[382,505,1884,1909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" pagination="339 - 351" refId="ref9295" refString="Euzet, L. (1953) Cestodes tetraphyllides nouveaux ou peu connus de Dasyatis pastinaca (L.). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 28, 339 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1953285339" type="journal article" year="1953">Euzet, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FDEA595DCAD3F8C3" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[526,678,1885,1909]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FDEA595DCAD3F8C3" box="[526,678,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FD08595ECC64F8C3" authority="Reyda, 2008" authorityName="Reyda" authorityYear="2008" box="[748,1041,1884,1909]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="copianullum">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD08595ECBFDF8C3" box="[748,904,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. copianullum</emphasis>
Reyda, 2008
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FBC2595DCCB8F8C3" authorityName="Mayes, Brooks &amp; Thorson" authorityYear="1981" box="[1062,1229,1885,1909]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FBC2595DCCB8F8C3" box="[1062,1229,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FAF7595ECDE1F8C3" authorityName="Ivanov" authorityYear="2004" box="[1299,1428,1885,1909]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="campbelli">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FAF7595ECDE1F8C3" box="[1299,1428,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. campbelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF415980C8CAF82F" bold="true" box="[165,191,1920,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Q.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FF225981C92BF82F" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[198,350,1921,1945]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF225981C92BF82F" box="[198,350,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FE405982CB7BF82F" authority="Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011" authorityName="Reyda &amp; Marques" authorityYear="2011" box="[420,782,1920,1945]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brooksi">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE405982CA79F82F" box="[420,524,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. brooksi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB577F41FDF75980CB7BF82F" author="Reyda, F. B. &amp; Marques, F. P. L." box="[531,782,1920,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref10753" refString="Reyda, F. B. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. (2011) Diversification and species boundaries of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda; Rhinebothriidea) in South American freshwater stingrays (Batoidea; Potamotrygonidae). PLOSone, 6, 1 - 26. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0022604" type="journal article" year="2011">Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FCC65981CBBCF82F" authorityName="Mayes, Brooks &amp; Thorson" authorityYear="1981" box="[802,969,1921,1945]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FCC65981CBBCF82F" box="[802,969,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FBEB5982CCFAF82F" authorityName="Ivanov" authorityYear="2004" box="[1039,1167,1921,1945]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="campbelli">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FBEB5982CCFAF82F" box="[1039,1167,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. campbelli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB425981CCCBF82F" bold="true" box="[1190,1214,1921,1945]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB215981CD28F82F" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[1221,1373,1921,1945]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB215981CD28F82F" box="[1221,1373,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhinebothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FF7359A6CA7CF80B" authority="Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973" authorityName="Euzet &amp; Carvajal" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,521,1956,1981]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scobinae">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FF7359A6C97BF80B" box="[151,270,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. scobinae</emphasis>
Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973
</taxonomicName>
); 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FDF859A4CA45F80B" bold="true" box="[540,560,1956,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">S.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FDD359A5CAA5F80B" authorityName="Coleman, Beveridge, &amp; Campbell" authorityYear="2019" box="[567,720,1957,1981]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Ruptobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FDD359A5CAA5F80B" box="[567,720,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Ruptobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD3B59A5CA81F80B" bold="true" box="[735,756,1957,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">T.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FD1F59A5CBDCF80B" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1850" box="[763,937,1957,1981]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD1F59A5CBDCF80B" box="[763,937,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Echeneibothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FC0B59A6CC19F80B" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1975" box="[1007,1132,1957,1981]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sobrinum">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FC0B59A6CC19F80B" box="[1007,1132,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">E. sobrinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FB6559A5CD35F80B" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" box="[1153,1344,1957,1981]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FB6559A5CD35F80B" box="[1153,1344,1957,1981]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Rhabdotobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FA6259A6C9A0F857" authority="Campbell, 1975" authorityName="Campbell" authorityYear="1975" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="anterophallum">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FA6259A6C95EF857" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">R. anterophallum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB577F41FED659C8C9A0F857" author="Campbell, R. A." box="[306,469,1992,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" pagination="95 - 99" refId="ref8859" refString="Campbell, R. A. (1975) Two new species of Echeneibothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from skates in the western North Atlantic. Journal of Parasitology, 61, 95 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3279117" type="journal article" year="1975">Campbell, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FE0D59C9CA2AF857" authorityName="Ball, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2003" box="[489,607,1993,2017]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Scalithrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FE0D59C9CA2AF857" box="[489,607,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Scalithrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD8859C9CAF0F857" bold="true" box="[620,645,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">U.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FD6F59C9CB68F857" authorityName="Healy &amp; Reyda" authorityYear="2016" box="[651,797,1993,2017]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="357" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FD6F59C9CB68F857" box="[651,797,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FCCF59C9CB35F857" bold="true" box="[811,832,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">V.</emphasis>
S 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FCB159C9CBB8F856" box="[853,973,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">ungaicestus</emphasis>
; 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB577F41FC3E59C9CB82F857" bold="true" box="[986,1015,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="357">W.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB577F41FC1959C9CC1FF857" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" box="[1021,1130,1993,2017]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Tritaphros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Tritaphros</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33F6523DB567F40FF235E99CD06FC7D" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9A36A8DB567F40FF235E99CD06FC7D" blockId="3.[151,1437,153,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FF235E99C94EFF05" bold="true" box="[199,315,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FEA75E99C982FF05" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[323,503,153,179]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FEA75E99C982FF05" box="[323,503,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FE1B5E99CA1CFF05" bold="true" box="[511,617,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FE1B5E99CA1CFF05" box="[511,617,153,179]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is considered to be a rhinebothriidean by having facially loculated bothridia borne on stalks and cirrus covered with spinitriches (
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FCC55EBDCBC4FF61" box="[801,945,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1832,1857]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,185,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[158,1428,181,1806]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Semiorbiseptum mariae sp. nov. from Psammobatis rudis. A. entire worm (holotype MACN-Pa 701); B. scolex (paratype MACN-Pa 704/1); C. bothridium, distal surface; D. terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 702/1); E. detail of the oötype region of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 702/1); F. detail of terminal genitalia of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 702/1); G. egg. Abbreviations: cs. cirrus sac; mg. Mehlis’ gland; oc. oocapt; od. oviduct; ov. ovary; t. testes; ut. uterus; vf. vitelline follicle; vg. vagina; vd. vas deferens; vod. ventral osmorregulatory duct. ▲loculi of the anterior region; * loculi of the central region; ● loculi of the posterior region" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909199/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Figs. 2B,C,F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FC585EBDCB95FF61" box="[956,992,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1841,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Semiorbiseptum mariae sp. nov. from Psammobatis rudis, scanning electron micrographs. A. scolex, small letters indicate locations of details shown in figures 3B-G; B. distal bothridial surface; C. detail of bothridial rim; D. proximal bothridial surface; E. surface of the apex of the scolex; F. surface of a stalk; G. surface of the cephalic peduncle; H. surface of a terminal mature proglottid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909201/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">3A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FC085EBDCC34FF61" box="[1004,1089,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1718,1743]" captionTargetBox="[242,1371,204,1680]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[200,1388,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Semiorbiseptum alfredoi sp. nov. from Psammobatis normani. A. entire worm (holotype MACN-Pa 706); B. scolex (holotype MACN-Pa 706); C. bothridium, distal surface; D. terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/1); E. detail of terminal genitalia of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/1); F. detail of oötype region of a terminal mature proglottid (paratype MACN-Pa 708/1). Abbreviations: cs. cirrus sac; mg. Mehlis’ gland; oc. oocapt; od. oviduct; ov. ovary; t. testes; ud. utero duct; ut. uterus; vd. vas deferens; vf. vitelline follicle; vg. vagina; vod. ventral osmorregulatory duct. ▲loculi of the anterior region; * loculi of the central region; ● loculi of the posterior region" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909207/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">6B,C,E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FBA95EBDCCFCFF61" box="[1101,1161,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1841,1866]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Semiorbiseptum alfredoi sp. nov. from Psammobatis normani, scanning electron micrographs. A. scolex, small letters indicate locations of details shown in figures 7C-G; B. distal bothridial surface; C. detail of distal bothridial surface; D. botrhidial rim; E. proximal bothridial surface; F. surface of the cephalic peduncle; G. surface of a stalk; H. surface of a terminal mature proglottid." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909209/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">7A,B</figureCitation>
). It can be distinguished from all other genera in the order by having a particular arrangement of loculi and septa on the distal bothridial surface, i.e. each bothridium is divided into three contiguous regions with a particular pattern of loculation, including unique semicircular septa in the middle region (see graphic summary in 
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FC175F29CC41FEF5" box="[1011,1076,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FB0C5F29CDE9FEF5" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[1256,1436,297,323]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB0C5F29CDE9FEF5" box="[1256,1436,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FF735F4DC976FED1" bold="true" box="[151,259,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FF735F4DC976FED1" box="[151,259,333,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FE445F4DCA89FED1" authority="Euzet, 1959" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1959" box="[416,764,332,359]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Clydonobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FE445F4DCA13FED1" box="[416,614,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Clydonobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FD945F4DCA89FED1" author="Euzet, L." box="[624,764,332,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" refId="ref9341" refString="Euzet, L. (1959) Recherches sur les cestodes tetraphyllides des selaciens des cotes de France. Doctoral Dissertation, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, 263 pp." type="book" year="1959">Euzet, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FCEE5F4DCCC0FED1" authority="van Beneden, 1850" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1850" box="[778,1205,332,359]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FCEE5F4DCBBEFED1" box="[778,971,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Echeneibothrium</emphasis>
van 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FBE35F4DCCC0FED1" author="Beneden, P. J. van" box="[1031,1205,332,359]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="1 - 199" refId="ref8401" refString="Beneden, P. J. van. (1850) Recherches sur la faune littorale de Belgique. Les vers cestoides, consideres sous le rapport physi- ologique, embryogenique et zooclassique. Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, 25, 1 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 47103" type="journal article" year="1850">Beneden, 1850</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FB275F4DC9CEFE3D" authority="Ivanov &amp; Campbell, 2002" authorityName="Ivanov &amp; Campbell" authorityYear="2002" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Notomegarhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB275F4DCDE9FED1" box="[1219,1436,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Notomegarhynchus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FF735F71C9CEFE3D" author="Ivanov, V. A. &amp; Campbell, R. A." box="[151,443,369,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="340 - 349" refId="ref9872" refString="Ivanov, V. A. &amp; Campbell, R. A. (2002) Notomegarhynchus navonae n. gen. and n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea), from skates (Rajidae: Arhychobatinae) in the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Parasitology, 88, 340 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / 0022 - 3395 (2002) 088 [0340: NNNGAN] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Ivanov &amp; Campbell, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FE205F71CB31FE3D" authority="Alexander, 1963" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1963" box="[452,836,369,395]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Phormobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FE205F71CAF0FE3D" box="[452,645,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Phormobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FD6D5F71CB31FE3D" author="Alexander, C. G." box="[649,836,369,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="117 - 142" refId="ref8201" refString="Alexander, C. G. (1963) Tetraphyllidean and diphyllidean cestodes of New Zealand selachians. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 3, 117 - 142." type="journal article" year="1963">Alexander, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FCAA5F71CCC2FE3D" authority="Baer, 1956" authorityName="Baer" authorityYear="1956" box="[846,1207,368,395]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Pseudanthobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FCAA5F71CC4CFE3D" box="[846,1081,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Pseudanthobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FBDB5F71CCC2FE3D" author="Baer, J. G." box="[1087,1207,368,395]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="5 - 55" refId="ref8234" refString="Baer, J. G. (1956) Parasitic helminths collected in west Greenland. Meddelelser om GrOnland Udgivne af Kommissionen for Videnskabelige UndersOgelser i GrOnland, 124, 5 - 55." type="journal article" year="1956">Baer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FB0F5F71C96BFE19" authority="Lonnberg, 1889" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Tritaphros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB0F5F71CD15FE3D" box="[1259,1376,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Tritaphros</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FA825F71C96BFE19" author="Lonnberg, E." pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref10248" refString="Lonnberg, E. (1889) Bidrag till kannedomen om i Sverige forekommande cestoder. Bihang till Kongliga Svanska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar, 14, 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1889">Lönnberg, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking a myzorhynchus in the adult stage. The new genus can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FAC55F95CA4FFE65" authority="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2018" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FAC55F95C8B9FE65" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2018
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FDA15FB9CBE5FE65" authority="Linton, 1890" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[581,912,441,467]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Anthocephalum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FDA15FB9CA80FE65" box="[581,757,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Anthocephalum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FD185FB9CBE5FE65" author="Linton, E." box="[764,912,441,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="718 - 899" refId="ref10139" refString="Linton, E. (1890) Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Part II. United States Commision of Fish and Fisheries. Part XV. Report of the Commissioner for 1887, 15, 718 - 899. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 995" type="journal article" year="1890">Linton, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FC7F5FB9CD2AFE65" authority="Tan, Zhou &amp; Yang, 2009" authorityName="Tan, Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" box="[923,1375,441,467]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Biotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FC7F5FB9CC4BFE65" box="[923,1086,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Biotobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FBA25FB9CD2AFE65" author="Tan, R. &amp; Zhou, L. &amp; Yang, W." box="[1094,1375,441,467]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="739 - 742" refId="ref11368" refString="Tan, R., Zhou, L. &amp; Yang, W. (2009) A new cestode (Tetraphyllidea: Phyllobothriidae) in elasmobranchs from the Taiwan Strait. Journal of Parasitology, 95, 739 - 742. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 1459.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Tan, Zhou &amp; Yang, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FA8E5FB9CA0AFE41" authority="Kornyushin &amp; Polyakova, 2012" authorityName="Kornyushin &amp; Polyakova" authorityYear="2012" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Cairaeanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FA8E5FB9C972FE41" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Cairaeanthus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FEF55FDDCA0AFE41" author="Kornyushin, V. V. &amp; Polyakova, T. A." box="[273,639,477,503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref10018" refString="Kornyushin, V. V. &amp; Polyakova, T. A. (2012) Cairaeanthus gen. n. (Cestoda, Rhinebothriidea), with the description of two new species from Dasyatis pastinaca in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. Vestnik Zoologii, 46, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10058 - 012 - 0025 - x" type="journal article" year="2012">Kornyushin &amp; Polyakova, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD585FDDCBF7FE41" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1959" box="[700,898,477,503]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Clydonobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD585FDDCBF7FE41" box="[700,898,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Clydonobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the lack of marginal bothridial loculi (
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FA945FDDC94CFDAD" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1A,C,D,F,G,H</figureCitation>
). Whereas the margins of the bothridia are uniform and entire in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FBD65C01CC93FDAD" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[1074,1254,513,539]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FBD65C01CC93FDAD" box="[1074,1254,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB145C01CD29FDAD" bold="true" box="[1264,1372,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FB145C01CD29FDAD" box="[1264,1372,513,539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, they are posteriorly bifid in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FE7A5C25CA43FD89" authorityName="Kornyushin &amp; Polyakova" authorityYear="2012" box="[414,566,549,575]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Cairaeanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FE7A5C25CA43FD89" box="[414,566,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Cairaeanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD8B5C25CC82FD89" authority="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen, 2017" authorityName="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2017" box="[623,1271,549,575]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Divaricobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD8B5C25CB4CFD89" box="[623,825,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Divaricobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FCA55C25CC82FD89" author="Caira, J. N. &amp; Healy, C. J. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[833,1271,549,575]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" refId="ref8675" refString="Caira, J. N., Healy, C. J., Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Jensen, K. (2017) Three new genera of rhinebothriidean cestodes from stingrays in Southeast Asia. Folia Parasitologica, 64, 008. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2017.008" type="book" year="2017">Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FAE35C25CDFAFD89" box="[1287,1423,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1A,G,J</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FF735C49C93EFDD5" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,331,585,611]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FF735C49C93EFDD5" box="[151,331,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FEB65C49C9CEFDD5" bold="true" box="[338,443,585,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FEB65C49C9CEFDD5" box="[338,443,585,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FDA95C49CCCAFDD5" authority="Coleman, Beveridge, &amp; Campbell, 2019" authorityName="Coleman, Beveridge, &amp; Campbell" authorityYear="2019" box="[589,1215,585,611]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Ruptobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FDA95C49CA82FDD5" box="[589,759,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Ruptobothrium</emphasis>
Coleman, Beveridge, &amp; Campbell, 2019
</taxonomicName>
by lacking separate bothridial lobes (
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FEBC5C6DC9BCFD31" box="[344,457,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1A,S</figureCitation>
). Also, the bothridia are longer than wide in 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FC2E5C6DCC0BFD31" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[970,1150,621,647]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FC2E5C6DCC0BFD31" box="[970,1150,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB635C6DCC87FD31" bold="true" box="[1159,1266,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FB635C6DCC87FD31" box="[1159,1266,621,647]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, as opposed to the wider than long bothridia in species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD9A5C91CB51FD1D" authorityName="Boudaya, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2018" box="[638,804,657,683]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Alveobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD9A5C91CB51FD1D" box="[638,804,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Alveobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FCD75C91CDEDFD1D" authority="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen, 2017" authorityName="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2017" box="[819,1432,657,683]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Barbeaucestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FCD75C91CBADFD1D" box="[819,984,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Barbeaucestus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FC045C91CDEDFD1D" author="Caira, J. N. &amp; Healy, C. J. &amp; Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Jensen, K." box="[992,1432,657,683]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" refId="ref8675" refString="Caira, J. N., Healy, C. J., Marques, F. P. L. &amp; Jensen, K. (2017) Three new genera of rhinebothriidean cestodes from stingrays in Southeast Asia. Folia Parasitologica, 64, 008. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2017.008" type="book" year="2017">Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FF735CB5CA02FD79" authority="Berman &amp; Brooks, 1994" authorityName="Berman &amp; Brooks" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,631,693,719]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Escherbothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FF735CB5C93EFD79" box="[151,331,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Escherbothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FEB25CB5CA02FD79" author="Berman, R. &amp; Brooks, D. R." box="[342,631,693,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="775 - 780" refId="ref8530" refString="Berman, R. &amp; Brooks, D. R. (1994) Escherbothrium molinae n. gen. et n. sp. (Eucestoda: Tetraphyllidea: Triloculariidae) in Urotrygon chilensis (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes: Urolophidae) from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Journal of Parasitology, 80, 775 - 780. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3283257" type="journal article" year="1994">Berman &amp; Brooks, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD625CB5CB32FD79" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1963" box="[646,839,693,719]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Phormobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD625CB5CB32FD79" box="[646,839,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Phormobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FC605CB5CB8CFD79" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" box="[900,1017,693,719]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Tritaphros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FC605CB5CB8CFD79" box="[900,1017,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Tritaphros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FBE85CB5CC85FD79" box="[1036,1264,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1A,D,E,L,N,W</figureCitation>
). The new genus differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FEBD5CD9C989FD45" authorityName="Tan, Zhou &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" box="[345,508,729,755]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Biotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FEBD5CD9C989FD45" box="[345,508,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Biotobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FDE95CD9CC64FD45" authority="Eyring, Healy &amp; Reyda, 2012" authorityName="Eyring, Healy &amp; Reyda" authorityYear="2012" box="[525,1041,729,755]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Crassuseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FDE95CD9CAD9FD45" box="[525,684,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Crassuseptum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FD515CD9CC64FD45" author="Eyring, K. &amp; Healy, C. J. &amp; Reyda, F. B." box="[693,1041,729,755]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="584 - 591" refId="ref9372" refString="Eyring, K., Healy, C. J. &amp; Reyda, F. B. (2012) A new genus and species of cestode (Rhinebothriidea) from Mobula kuhlii (Rajiformes: Mobulidae) from Malaysian Borneo. Journal of Parasitology, 98, 584 - 591. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / GE- 2913.1" type="journal article" year="2012">Eyring, Healy &amp; Reyda, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FBFA5CD9CD65FD45" box="[1054,1296,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FBFA5CD9CD79FD45" authorityName="Baer" authorityYear="1956" box="[1054,1292,729,755]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Pseudanthobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pseudanthobothrium</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FAFE5CD9C9B0FCA1" authority="Ball, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2003" authorityName="Ball, Neifar &amp; Euzet" authorityYear="2003" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Scalithrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FAFE5CD9CDE8FD45" box="[1306,1437,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Scalithrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FF735CFDC9B0FCA1" author="Ball, D. &amp; Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L." box="[151,453,765,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="31 - 37" refId="ref8268" refString="Ball, D., Neifar, L. &amp; Euzet, L. (2003) Proposition de Scalithrium n. gen. (Cestoda, Tetraphyllidea) avec comme espece-type Scalithrium minimum (Van Beneden, 1850) n. comb. parasite de Dasyatis pastinaca (Elasmobranchii, Dasyatidae). Parasite, 10, 31 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 2003101 p 31" type="journal article" year="2003">Ball, Neifar &amp; Euzet, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FE1F5CFDCA05FCA1" authorityName="Lonnberg" authorityYear="1889" box="[507,624,765,791]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Tritaphros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FE1F5CFDCA05FCA1" box="[507,624,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Tritaphros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a conspicuous anterior-posterior orientation of bothridia (
<figureCitation id="131E2A2DDB567F40FA8B5CFDC960FC8D" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1668,1693]" captionTargetBox="[176,1407,853,1638]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[170,1417,849,1643]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schematic illustrations of the loculate bothridial pattern in genera of Rhinebothriidea. A. Semiorbiseptum gen. nov.; B. Anindobothrium; C. Anindobothrium lisae Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso, 2001, Anthocephalum; D. Alveobothrium; E. Barbeaucestus; F. Biotobothrium; G. Cairaeanthus; H. Clydonobothrium; I. Crassuseptum; J. Divaricobothrium; K. Echeneibothrium williamsi Carvajal &amp; Dailey, 1975; L. Escherbothrium; M. Mixobothrium; N. Phormobothrium; O. Echeneibothrium (as in E. demeusiae), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. meridionale Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019), Rhinebothrium (as in R. devaneyi Brooks &amp; Deardorff, 1988), Rhinebothroides (as in R. moralarai (Brooks &amp; Thorson, 1976)); P. Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. dollfusi Euzet, 1953), Rhinebothrium (as in R. copianullum Reyda, 2008), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); Q. Rhinebothrium (as in R. brooksi Reyda &amp; Marques, 2011), Rhinebothroides (as in R. campbelli); R. Rhinebothrium (as in R. scobinae Euzet &amp; Carvajal, 1973); S. Ruptobothrium; T. Echeneibothrium (as in E. sobrinum), Rhabdotobothrium (as in R. anterophallum Campbell, 1975), Scalithrium; U. Stillabothrium; V. Sungaicestus; W. Tritaphros." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3909197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3909197/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Fig. 1A,F,I,T,W</figureCitation>
). In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FE5F5D21CA1AFC8D" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[443,623,801,827]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FE5F5D21CA1AFC8D" box="[443,623,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD9C5D21CA96FC8D" bold="true" box="[632,739,801,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FD9C5D21CA96FC8D" box="[632,739,801,827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FC995D21CC69FC8D" authorityName="Eyring, Healy &amp; Reyda" authorityYear="2012" box="[893,1052,801,827]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Crassuseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FC995D21CC69FC8D" box="[893,1052,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Crassuseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FBCF5D21CC99FC8D" authorityName="van Beneden" authorityYear="1850" box="[1067,1260,801,827]" class="Cestoda" family="Echeneibothriidae" genus="Echeneibothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FBCF5D21CC99FC8D" box="[1067,1260,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Echeneibothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FB185D21CA2CFCE9" authority="Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019" authorityName="Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell" authorityYear="2019" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Mixobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB185D21CDE9FC8D" box="[1276,1436,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Mixobothrium</emphasis>
Coleman, Beveridge &amp; Campbell, 2019
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD765D45CC40FCE9" authority="Healy &amp; Reyda, 2016" authorityName="Healy &amp; Reyda" authorityYear="2016" box="[658,1077,837,863]" class="Cestoda" family="Escherbothriidae" genus="Stillabothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD765D45CB41FCE9" box="[658,820,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Stillabothrium</emphasis>
Healy &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FC425D45CC40FCE9" author="Reyda, F. B. &amp; Healy, C. J. &amp; Haslach, A. R. &amp; Ruhnke, T. &amp; Aprill, T. L. &amp; Bergman, M. P. &amp; Daigler, A. L. &amp; Dedrick, E. A. &amp; Delgado, I. &amp; Forti, K. S. &amp; Herzog, K. S. &amp; Russell, R. S. &amp; Willsey, D. D." box="[934,1077,837,863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="38" refId="ref10815" refString="Reyda, F. B., Healy, C. J., Haslach, A. R., Ruhnke, T. R, Aprill, T. L., Bergman, M. P., Daigler, A. L., Dedrick, E. A., Delgado, I., Forti, K. S., Herzog, K. S., Russell, R. S. &amp; Willsey, D. D. (2016) A new genus of rhinebothriidean cestodes from batoid elasmobranchs, with the description of five new species and two new combinations. Folia Parasitologica, 63, 38. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2016.038" type="journal article" year="2016">Reyda, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having a cephalic peduncle, and from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FEE15D69CA15FC35" authority="Linton, 1889" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1889" box="[261,608,873,899]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Spongiobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FEE15D69C9B2FC35" box="[261,455,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Spongiobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FE2B5D69CA15FC35" author="Linton, E." box="[463,608,873,899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="453 - 511" refId="ref10091" refString="Linton, E. (1889) Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries. Part XIV. Report of the Commissioner for 1886, 14, 453 - 511." type="journal article" year="1889">Linton, 1889</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD735D69CB5CFC35" authorityName="Caira, Healy, Marques &amp; Jensen" authorityYear="2017" box="[663,809,873,899]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Sungaicestus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD735D69CB5CFC35" box="[663,809,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Sungaicestus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking seminal receptacle. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FB0C5D69CDE9FC35" authority="Franzese &amp; Ivanov, 2020" authorityName="Franzese &amp; Ivanov" authorityYear="2020" box="[1256,1436,873,899]" class="Chondrichthyes" family="Arhynchobatidae" genus="Semiorbiseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rajiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB0C5D69CDE9FC35" box="[1256,1436,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Semiorbiseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FF735D8DC977FC11" bold="true" box="[151,258,909,935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257C1DB567F40FF735D8DC977FC11" box="[151,258,909,935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FDD85D8DCA81FC11" authorityName="Mayes, Brooks &amp; Thorson" authorityYear="1981" box="[572,756,909,935]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhinebothroides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FDD85D8DCA81FC11" box="[572,756,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Rhinebothroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a symmetrical ovary, and from 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FB3A5D8DCDE3FC11" authorityName="Marques, Brooks &amp; Lasso" authorityYear="2001" box="[1246,1430,909,935]" class="Cestoda" family="Anthocephaliidae" genus="Anindobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FB3A5D8DCDE3FC11" box="[1246,1430,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Anindobothrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FF735DB1C943FC7D" authorityName="Eyring, Healy &amp; Reyda" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,310,945,971]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Crassuseptum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FF735DB1C943FC7D" box="[151,310,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Crassuseptum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FEA05DB1CAD1FC7D" authority="Euzet, 1953" authorityName="Euzet" authorityYear="1953" box="[324,676,944,971]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhabdotobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FEA05DB1CA6DFC7D" box="[324,536,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Rhabdotobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FDFA5DB1CAD1FC7D" author="Euzet, L." box="[542,676,944,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="339 - 351" refId="ref9295" refString="Euzet, L. (1953) Cestodes tetraphyllides nouveaux ou peu connus de Dasyatis pastinaca (L.). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 28, 339 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1953285339" type="journal article" year="1953">Euzet, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C254D2BDB567F40FD3F5DB1CC57FC7D" authority="Linton, 1890" authorityName="Linton" authorityYear="1890" box="[731,1058,945,971]" class="Cestoda" family="Rhinebothriidae" genus="Rhodobothrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhinebothriidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B951EABADB567F40FD3F5DB1CBFEFC7D" box="[731,907,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="358">Rhodobothrium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B59DB567F40FC755DB1CC57FC7D" author="Linton, E." box="[913,1058,945,971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="358" pagination="718 - 899" refId="ref10139" refString="Linton, E. (1890) Notes on Entozoa of marine fishes of New England, with descriptions of several new species. Part II. United States Commision of Fish and Fisheries. Part XV. Report of the Commissioner for 1887, 15, 718 - 899. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 995" type="journal article" year="1890">Linton, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by lacking postvaginal testes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>