172 lines
19 KiB
XML
172 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="87D011114EB97DBF9DB642B02E4EC327" ID-CLB-Dataset="73099" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6646565" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1465af8-3198-4cb6-91a1-a547cbb4d955" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646565" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1655302485621" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="038C87A8FFACAC0DFA13745AFE3F3CFF" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Macroscelididae_0206.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Elephantulus intufi" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="233" masterDocId="FFB5FFD0FFABAC05FFB37F30FFAE3453" masterDocTitle="Macroscelididae" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="206" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1699339345731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B9530B284FC5F01F7580AAA6500C31DD" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0BEBB75E25F29874A434F53AF4074144">
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<mods:title id="5185E8E281A566A49206B6A6B6F17A4F">Macroscelididae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="EDA74C9B3FA66A101535E8C80C5F38A7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A9C0690E04D6DE999AD1422DD570F05C">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="238CBEFBB4FF3D20163332CE1A32C616">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="0C37D153E9256CF13B6A0A5D41C59CC2">2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="86CC68612CEDF99AA4B6538A23186B14" type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="B2B277FA427F488C0C413D9B4D8D9856">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="C5F0C0F0C70B6DA5EA29F30A68351F91">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="06DC1D407E53995CD45301DD7B8851C5">
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<mods:title id="F56414716502E61337A07FF3DBE53CD2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="F79B026EC818E9A7EF1209FA87A186EE" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-08-4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038C87A8FFACAC0DFA13745AFE3F3CFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646312" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195915431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646312" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87A8FFACAC0DFA13745AFE3F3CFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87A8FFACAC0DFA13745AFE3F3CFF" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02FA13745AFA783FCB" box="[1440,1494,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA13745AFA783FCB" blockId="7.[1434,2452,2922,3049]" box="[1440,1494,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFACAC02FA13745AFA783FCB" box="[1440,1494,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<figureCitation id="131E2A3BFFACAC02FA13745AFA783FCB" box="[1440,1494,2922,2968]" captionStart="Plate 10: Macroscelididae" captionStartId="2.[115,145,3335,3360]" captionTargetBox="[12,2732,15,3638]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Golden-rumped Seng (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus), 2. Chequered Sengi (Rhynchocyon cirne), 3. White-tailed Sengi (Rhynchocyon stuhlmanni), 4. Black-and-rufous Sengi (Rhynchocyon petersi), 5. Gray-faced Sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis), 6. Namib Round-eared Sengi (Macroscelides flavicaudatus), 7. Karoo Round-eared Sengi (Macroscelides proboscideus), 8. Etendeka Round-eared Sengi (Macroscelides micus), 9. Four-toed Sengi (Petrodromus tetradactylus), 10. North African Sengi (Petrosaltator rozeti), 11. Rufous Sengi (Elephantulus rufescens), 12. Somali Sengi (Elephantulus revoulii), 13. Dusky-footed Sengi (Elephantulus fuscipes), 14. Short-snouted Sengi (Elephantulus brachyrhynchus), 15. Dusky Sengi (Elephantulus fuscus), 16. Bushveld Sengi (Elephantulus intufi), 17. Western Rock Sengi (Elephantulus rupestris), 18. Eastern Rock Sengi (Elephantulus mywrus), 19. Cape Rock Sengi (Elephantulus edwardii), 20. Karoo Rock Sengi (Elephantulus pilicaudus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6646623/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">16.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02FA54745AF88A3FCB" box="[1511,1828,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA54745AF88A3FCB" blockId="7.[1434,2452,2922,3049]" box="[1511,1828,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFACAC02FA54745AF88A3FCB" box="[1511,1828,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFACAC02FA54745AF88A3FCB" box="[1511,1828,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Bushveld Sengi</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02F8DA745AF7643FCB" box="[1897,2250,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02F8DA745AF7643FCB" blockId="7.[1434,2452,2922,3049]" box="[1897,2250,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFACAC02F8DA745AF7643FCB" box="[1897,2250,2922,2968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFACAC02F8DA745AF7643FCB" ID-CoL="398CX" baseAuthorityName="A. Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[1897,2250,2922,2968]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Elephantulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intufi">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02F8DA745AF7643FCB" box="[1897,2250,2922,2968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Elephantulus intufi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02FA2F749BF8353FB5" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA2F749BF63D3F93" blockId="7.[1434,2452,2922,3049]" box="[1436,2451,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFACAC02FA2F749BF63D3F93" box="[1436,2451,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02FA2F749BFA463F93" bold="true" box="[1436,1512,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFACAC02FA42749BF9063F93" box="[1521,1704,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Sengi du bushveld</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02F90E749BF8B93F93" bold="true" box="[1725,1815,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFACAC02F8AE749BF7F13F93" box="[1821,2143,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Trockenland-Elefantenspitzmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02F7C0749BF7613F93" bold="true" box="[2163,2255,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFACAC02F76B749BF63D3F93" box="[2264,2451,2987,3008]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Sengi de Bushveld</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA2874E1F8353FB5" blockId="7.[1434,2452,2922,3049]" box="[1435,1947,3025,3046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFACAC02FA2874E1F8353FB5" box="[1435,1947,3025,3046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02FA2874E1F93C3FB5" bold="true" box="[1435,1682,3025,3046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFACAC02F92E74E1F8353FB5" box="[1693,1947,3025,3046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Bushveld Elephant-shrew</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02FA28732EF7B53864" box="[1435,2075,3102,3127]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA28732EF7B53864" blockId="7.[1433,2641,3100,3489]" box="[1435,2075,3102,3127]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02FA28732EF99B3864" bold="true" box="[1435,1589,3102,3127]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFACAC02F9F0732EF7B83864" authority="A. Smith, 1836" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1836" box="[1603,2070,3102,3127]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Macroscelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intufi">Macroscelides intufi A. Smith, 1836</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02F79B732EF861380E" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02F79B732EF861380E" blockId="7.[1433,2641,3100,3489]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4D3CE3FFACAC02F79B732EF861380E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862598307" country="South Africa" county="Marico District" location="Flats beyond Kurrichane" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North West Province">
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“
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<location id="8EFA6065FFACAC02F781732EF63A3864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87A8FFACAC0DFA13745AFE3F3CFF:8EFA6065FFACAC02F781732EF63A3864" box="[2098,2452,3102,3127]" country="South Africa" county="Marico District" name="Flats beyond Kurrichane" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" stateProvince="North West Province">Flats beyond Kurrichane</location>
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,”
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<collectingCounty id="62FB4E32FFACAC02F603732EFA7B380E" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Marico District</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49E1F85CFFACAC02FA567374F8A4380E" box="[1509,1802,3140,3165]" country="South Africa" name="North West" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">North West Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F332762EFFACAC02F8A97374F864380E" box="[1818,1994,3140,3165]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02FA287357F8AA38D7" box="[1435,1796,3175,3204]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA287357F8AA38D7" blockId="7.[1433,2641,3100,3489]" box="[1435,1796,3175,3204]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC02FA2873BBF99C3881" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF5A6636FFACAC02FA2873BBF99C3881" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6646605/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" targetBox="[115,705,306,719]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA2873BBF99C3881" blockId="7.[1433,2641,3100,3489]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02FA2873BBF9E438FF" bold="true" box="[1435,1610,3211,3244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SW Angola, Namibia, Botswana, N & NE South Africa, and extreme S Zimbabwe.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFACAC0DFA2973EEFDAC3067" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="233" pageId="7" pageNumber="232" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFACAC02FA2973EEF5E339CB" blockId="7.[1433,2641,3100,3489]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFACAC02FA2973EEF93838A8" bold="true" box="[1434,1686,3294,3323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="232">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 116-123 mm, tail 102-131 mm, ear 22-26 mm, hindfoot 32-39 mm; weight 34-62 g. Female Bushveld Sengis can be slightly larger than males, but there is no substantial sexual dimorphism in body size. Tailis relatively long at c.105% of head-body length. Pinnae are broad and upright, and snout is long,thin, and flexible. Dorsum is gray, with yellow-buff hair tips. Some dorsal hairs, especially on
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFD697E13FDAC3067" blockId="8.[728,1321,291,718]" lastBlockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">rump, have black tips, giving overall grizzled appearance. Pelage of dorsal head and face is similar in color to dorsal body. Lateral fur is paler, and venter is graywhite to off-white. Behind each ear, distinctive patch of yellow-buff hair extends onto nape of neck. Long white hairs grow along anterior margin of each pinna. Distinctive white eye-ring is present, without intruding post-ocular patch. Hairs on dorsal tail are white, with black tips yielding speckled appearance. Ventral tail hairs are off-white. There is no tail tuft. Skin of plantar pesis pale brown and hairless. Individuals from the southern distribution tend to be paler than those from the north (e.g. northern Namibia and south-western Angola). Five digits are present on each manus and pes. Pectoral gland is absent, and subcaudal gland is present (but can be only slightly developed). Females have two anterior, two intermediate, and two posterior nipples; males have no nipples. Dental formulais13/3,C1/1,P4/4,M 2/2 (x2) = 40. Canine sizes are subequal to adjacent teeth. Several bilateral pairs of palatal foramina are present. Postorbital processes are absent. Karyotype is 2n = 26.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFC57B08FF403081" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFC57B08FF403081" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFC57B08FF4B300A" bold="true" box="[118,229,1080,1113]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Very arid woodlands and bushlands with open canopies, predominantly low shrubs and scrub with some scattered grasses, and compact sandy soils. Bushveld Sengis shelter at bases of bushes, among rocks, and occasionally in abandoned rodent burrows.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFC47BE6FD5A313D" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFC47BE6FD5A313D" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFC47BE6FED330A4" bold="true" box="[119,381,1238,1271]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Insects, predominantly ants and termites, are the principal diet of the Bushveld Sengi. Other small invertebrates and small quantities of plant material are eaten. A study in the southern Kalahari estimated a diet of ¢.87% insects, c.12% herbage, and negligible proportions of seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFCB7A48FDFC32F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFCB7A48FDFC32F9" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFCB7A48FF5031C6" bold="true" box="[120,254,1400,1429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Breeding.</emphasis>
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The Bushveld Sengi is monogamous, and pairs mate for life. In Namibia, breeding occurs nearly year-round. In more southern localities, reproduction can be seasonal, with births more frequently occurring in warm and wet months (August March). Females can produce up to eight ova per ovary per cycle, but limited uterus implantation sites constrain litter size. Litters have 1-2 young. At parturition, newborns are highly precocial. Mothers visit young perhaps only once a day to nurse them. There is no direct paternal care of young. No species of soft-furred sengis use nests to shelter or for rearing their young.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFCB7983FB0532A4" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFCB7983FB0532A4" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFCB7983FECF3283" bold="true" box="[120,353,1715,1744]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Bushveld Sengis are fully terrestrial. Activity is polycyclic, with crepuscular peaks and some nocturnal tendencies. Midday activity is least frequent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFCA7832FB1E33B7" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFCA7832FB1E33B7" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFCA7832FC81334C" bold="true" box="[121,815,1794,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Home ranges of monogamous pairs overlap, but combined area does not overlap home ranges of neighboring pairs. One study found that average home ranges were c.0-5 ha for males and c.0-3 ha for females. Individuals in a pair shelter separately and infrequently interact. Males can engage territorial defense. Monogamous mating system is probably a mate-guarding strategy. Trail systems are actively maintained by sweeping aside debris with forelimbs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFC978DAFC4F3C60" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFC978DAFC4F3C60" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFC978DAFE793C58" bold="true" box="[122,471,2026,2059]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bushveld Sengi is widespread, but its population trend is unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA3AC0DFFC87772FE3F3CFF" pageId="8" pageNumber="233" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA3AC0DFFC87772FE3F3CFF" blockId="8.[116,1326,726,2220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA3AC0DFFC87772FEBA3C08" bold="true" box="[123,276,2114,2139]" pageId="8" pageNumber="233">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Corbet & Hanks (1968), Evans (1942), Kerley et al. (1990), Olbricht & Stanley (2009), Perrin & Rathbun (2013d), Rathbun (2009, 2015b), Rathbun & Rathbun (2006), Skinner & Smithers (1990), Tolliver et al. (1989), Tripp (1971, 1972).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |