187 lines
20 KiB
XML
187 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="425A18BBEB3A0DD5C336669E137CA0E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="73099" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6646565" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1465af8-3198-4cb6-91a1-a547cbb4d955" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-08-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646565" IM.illustrations_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1655302485621" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2018" docId="038C87A8FFA8AC06FF1B7964F6C83658" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_8_Macroscelididae_0206.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Rhynchocyon petersi Bocage 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="228" masterDocId="FFB5FFD0FFABAC05FFB37F30FFAE3453" masterDocTitle="Macroscelididae" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="206" pageNumber="228" updateTime="1699339345731" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="50623F5EA98F9BB539D8E913BCB5CA91">Macroscelididae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7B2CFF346319847144D92DF14FAE5C34">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="09558FCA7D023DA4D41A887CA6582890">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DC580A4EB451F9203AB00AB60DE07E4F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F90EA42D227E0B830766057EC0277570">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="635B05668614794C19CD32420E2E6A45">2018</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="38D65BFC2B292190B23A341ACC9A9A64" type="pubDate">2018-07-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="0466EAD1B46A97472BB82E1A8FC3665A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="7B62CFD652FF608AD22DA21982FAFC2D">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="67E6E30884B5B7E0AA3E0F4CF7DF885E">
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<mods:title id="2C2FAEBF2456E20826B43CF9577AD8CD">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038C87A8FFA8AC06FF1B7964F6C83658" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646296" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195915421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646296" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87A8FFA8AC06FF1B7964F6C83658" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87A8FFA8AC06FF1B7964F6C83658" lastPageNumber="228" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF1B7964FF6632D1" box="[168,200,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF1B7964FF6632D1" blockId="3.[165,1316,1620,1785]" box="[168,200,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFA8AC06FF1B7964FF6632D1" box="[168,200,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<figureCitation id="131E2A3BFFA8AC06FF1B7964FF6632D1" box="[168,200,1620,1666]" captionStart="Plate 10: Macroscelididae" captionStartId="2.[115,145,3335,3360]" captionTargetBox="[12,2732,15,3638]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Golden-rumped Seng (Rhynchocyon chrysopygus), 2. Chequered Sengi (Rhynchocyon cirne), 3. White-tailed Sengi (Rhynchocyon stuhlmanni), 4. Black-and-rufous Sengi (Rhynchocyon petersi), 5. Gray-faced Sengi (Rhynchocyon udzungwensis), 6. Namib Round-eared Sengi (Macroscelides flavicaudatus), 7. Karoo Round-eared Sengi (Macroscelides proboscideus), 8. Etendeka Round-eared Sengi (Macroscelides micus), 9. Four-toed Sengi (Petrodromus tetradactylus), 10. North African Sengi (Petrosaltator rozeti), 11. Rufous Sengi (Elephantulus rufescens), 12. Somali Sengi (Elephantulus revoulii), 13. Dusky-footed Sengi (Elephantulus fuscipes), 14. Short-snouted Sengi (Elephantulus brachyrhynchus), 15. Dusky Sengi (Elephantulus fuscus), 16. Bushveld Sengi (Elephantulus intufi), 17. Western Rock Sengi (Elephantulus rupestris), 18. Eastern Rock Sengi (Elephantulus mywrus), 19. Cape Rock Sengi (Elephantulus edwardii), 20. Karoo Rock Sengi (Elephantulus pilicaudus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6646623/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF6A7964FD1632D1" box="[217,696,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF6A7964FD1632D1" blockId="3.[165,1316,1620,1785]" box="[217,696,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFA8AC06FF6A7964FD1632D1" box="[217,696,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FF6A7964FD1632D1" box="[217,696,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Black-and-rufous Sengi</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FCB37964FBF132D1" box="[768,1119,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FCB37964FBF132D1" blockId="3.[165,1316,1620,1785]" box="[768,1119,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFA8AC06FCB37964FBF132D1" box="[768,1119,1620,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFA8AC06FCB37964FBF132D1" ID-CoL="4SRPB" authority="Bocage" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1880" box="[768,1119,1620,1666]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Rhynchocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FCB37964FBF132D1" box="[768,1119,1620,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Rhynchocyon petersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF1479A4FEF932AB" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF1479A4FBEB32FA" blockId="3.[165,1316,1620,1785]" box="[167,1093,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFA8AC06FF1479A4FBEB32FA" box="[167,1093,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF1479A4FF5D32FA" bold="true" box="[167,243,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FF4F79A4FE3732FA" box="[252,409,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Sengi de Peters</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FE1D79A4FDA632FA" bold="true" box="[430,520,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FDA079A4FC8332FA" box="[531,813,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">RotschulterRisselhindchen</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FCF179A4FC3032FA" bold="true" box="[834,926,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FC1479A4FBEB32FA" box="[935,1093,1684,1705]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Sengi de Peters</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF14798CFEF932AB" blockId="3.[165,1316,1620,1785]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<heading id="D0D281D2FFA8AC06FF14798CFEF932AB" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF14798CFE303282" bold="true" box="[167,414,1724,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FE1B798CFD5E3282" box="[424,752,1724,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Black-and-rufous Elephant-shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FD4D798CFC413282" box="[766,1007,1724,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Peters’s Elephant-shrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FC4F798CFB273282" box="[1020,1161,1724,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Peters’'s Sengi</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FB24798CFF4D32AB" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Zanj Elephantshrew</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="05264690FFA8AC06FF4379D3FEF932AB" box="[240,343,1763,1784]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Zanj Sengi</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FCBF781AFCF8333D" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FCBF781AFCF8333D" blockId="3.[780,1372,1834,2256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FCBF781AFC093314" bold="true" box="[780,935,1834,1863]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFA8AC06FC75781AFCFF333D" ID-CoL="4SRPB" authority="Bocage, 1880" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Rhynchocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">Rhynchocyon petersi Bocage, 1880</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FCD57861FCDD3C5E" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FCD57861FCDD3C5E" blockId="3.[780,1372,1834,2256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<materialsCitation id="3B4D3CE3FFA8AC06FCD57861FCDD3C5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3862598306" country="Tanzania" location="Zanzibar" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="East Africa">
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“
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<location id="8EFA6065FFA8AC06FCC37861FC41333D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87A8FFA8AC06FF1B7964F6C83658:8EFA6065FFA8AC06FCC37861FC41333D" box="[880,1007,1873,1902]" country="Tanzania" name="Zanzibar" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" stateProvince="East Africa">Zanzibar</location>
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,”
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<collectingCountry id="F332762EFFA8AC06FBBE7861FB23333D" box="[1037,1165,1873,1902]" name="Tanzania" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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. Restricted by G. Dollman in 1912 to “
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<collectingRegion id="49E1F85CFFA8AC06FBDE7849FAA733C5" box="[1133,1289,1913,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">East Africa</collectingRegion>
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, Zanzibar being used in the original description for the whole district and not for the island.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FCBF7722FB6F3C60" box="[780,1217,2066,2099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FCBF7722FB6F3C60" blockId="3.[780,1372,1834,2256]" box="[780,1217,2066,2099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Two subspecies are recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FCBE770EFAF63CAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="DF5A6636FFA8AC06FCBE770EFAF63CAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6646577/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" targetBox="[165,757,1839,2254]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FCBE770EFB333C08" blockId="3.[780,1372,1834,2256]" box="[781,1181,2110,2139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FCBE770EFB333C08" bold="true" box="[781,1181,2110,2139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FCBE7751FCD53C83" blockId="3.[780,1372,1834,2256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFA8AC06FCBE7751FCD53C83" authority="Bocage, 1880" authorityName="Bocage" authorityYear="1880" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Rhynchocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="petersi" subSpecies="petersi">R.p.petersiBocage,1880—SEKenyaandETanzania(EasternArcMtsandcoastalforests).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF1B77E7FAF63CAB" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" box="[168,1368,2263,2296]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFA8AC06FF1B77E7FDA73CAB" authority="Dollman, 1912" authorityName="Dollman" authorityYear="1912" box="[168,521,2263,2296]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Rhynchocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="petersi" subSpecies="adersi">R. p. adersi Dollman, 1912</taxonomicName>
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— Unguja and Mafia Is (Zanzibar Archipelago), off Tanzania.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF157632FAAB3F3D" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF157632FAAB3F3D" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF157632FE0B3D4C" bold="true" box="[166,421,2306,2335]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head—body 252-290 mm, tail 218-252 mm, ear 25-31 mm, hindfoot 65-74 mm; weight ¢.540 g. Tail of the Black-and-rufous Sengi is ¢.85% of headbody length and is proximally thick and distally tapered; it is nearly hairless with orange-brown skin and can have subterminal white band. Pelage on shouldersis orange, rufous-orange, or maroon (with geographical variation), transitioning to black on back and rump. Pinnae are nearly hairless, with orange-brown skin. Color pattern on shoulders, back, and rump and color of ear skin are collectively diagnostic. Head and snout are bright rufous or orange-brown. Venter is orange to rufous-orange. Some individuals have indistinct dorsal checker patterns, reminiscent of the Chequered Sengi (
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFA8AC06FEDD7551FE493ED1" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1847" box="[366,487,2657,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Rhynchocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cirnei">R. cirnei</taxonomicName>
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). Snout is long and flexible. Females have two posterior, two intermediate, and no anterior nipples; males have no nipples. Four digits are present on each manus and pes; pollex and hallux are absent. Fifth manual digit is relatively short and has only two phalanges. Post-anal gland is well developed, and pectoral gland is absent. Dental formulais10-1/3,C1/1,P 4/4, M 2/2 (x2) = 34-36. Upper canines are relatively large. Presence of diminutive upper incisoris variable. Palatal foramina are absent. Postorbital processes are present. Karyotype is unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF15744DFE873FB7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF15744DFE873FB7" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF15744DFEB43FC5" bold="true" box="[166,282,2941,2966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Semideciduous and evergreen forests, dense woodlands, coral rag scrub, and abandoned agricultural lands (closed canopies and dense leaf litter always present).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF1574DBFEC53809" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF1574DBFEC53809" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF1574DBFE1D385F" bold="true" box="[166,435,3051,3084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Black-and-rufous Sengi almost certainly strictly eats invertebrates and mostly arthropods. In Nkuka Forest, Tanzania, some individuals eat soldier ants (Dorylus).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF157355FB413883" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF157355FB413883" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
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<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF157355FE8238D1" bold="true" box="[166,300,3173,3202]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Breeding.</emphasis>
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||
The Black-and-rufous Sengi is monogamous; breeding occurs year-round. Gestation is c.40 days, interbirth interval is ¢.80 days, and litters have 1-2 young. Newborns are semi-precocial, remain in a nest for c.2 weeks, and are then weaned.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF1673E7FD41394C" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF1673E7FD41394C" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF1673E7FE3C38AB" bold="true" box="[165,402,3287,3320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Black-and-rufous Sengis are fully terrestrial and exclusively diurnal. Forest-floor nests are built from leaf litter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FF15721AFCE839C7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FF15721AFCE839C7" blockId="3.[165,1371,2263,3476]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FF15721AFCC63914" bold="true" box="[166,872,3370,3399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Black-and-rufous Sengi is presumably similar to other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D3DFFA8AC06FD2E727CFCED393E" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1847" box="[669,835,3404,3437]" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Rhynchocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rhynchocyon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Each member of a male-female pair probably spends most of its time independently.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FA107E19F91D35C7" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FA107E19F91D35C7" blockId="3.[1442,2649,297,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FA107E19F9513515" bold="true" box="[1443,1791,297,326]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Blackand-rufous Sengi was previously classified as Vulnerable and Endangered. Population trend is decreasing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6535FFA8AC06FA177E93F6C83658" pageId="3" pageNumber="228" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36BEFFA8AC06FA177E93F6C83658" blockId="3.[1442,2649,297,525]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAACFFA8AC06FA177E93F99335EF" bold="true" box="[1444,1597,419,444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="228">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen & Loveridge (1927), Baker et al. (2005), Carlen et al. (2017), Corbet & Hanks (1968), Coster & Ribble (2005), Dollman (1912), Dumbacheret al. (2014), Evans (1942), Hoffmann et al. (2016), Hollister (1918), Loveridge (1922), Olbricht & Stanley (2009), Rathbun (2009, 2013f), Rovero et al. (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |